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Sajjadi E, Venetis K, Piciotti R, Gambini D, Blundo C, Runza L, Ferrero S, Guerini-Rocco E, Fusco N. Combined analysis of PTEN, HER2, and hormone receptors status: remodeling breast cancer risk profiling. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1152. [PMID: 34706703 PMCID: PMC8555186 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss is associated with tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and therapy resistance in breast cancer. However, the clinical value of PTEN as a biomarker in these patients is controversial. We sought to determine whether the benefit of traditional biomarkers testing is improved by the analysis of PTEN status for the identification of high-risk breast cancer. METHODS A cohort of 608 patients with breast cancer was included in this study. Based on the expression on the neoplastic cells compared to the normal internal controls by immunohistochemistry (IHC), cases were classified as PTEN-low (PTEN-L) or PTEN-retained (PTEN-WT). The former constituted the study group, while the latter the control group. Analysis of gene expression was performed on publicly available genomic data and included 4265 patients from the METABRIC and MSK cohorts retrieved from cBioPortal. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to analyze the normal distributions of continuous variables. Relationships between PTEN status and the clinicopathologic and molecular features of the patient population were assessed using Fisher's exact test or Chi-squared/Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Survival curves were built according to the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Alteration in PTEN status was significantly different at protein and gene levels, where the reduced protein expression was observed in 280/608 cases (46.1%) from our group, while genetic aberrations in only 315/4265 (7.4%) cases of the METABRIC and MSK cohorts. PTEN-L tumors were significantly enriched for hormone receptors (HR) and HER2 negativity (n = 48, 17.1%) compared to PTEN-WT tumors (n = 22, 6.7%; p = 0.0008). Lack of HR with or without HER2 overexpression/amplification was significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS) in PTEN-L but not in PTEN-WT breast cancers (p < .0001). Moreover, PTEN-L protein expression but not gene alterations was related to the outcome, in terms of both OS and disease-free survival (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The combined analysis of PTEN, HER2, and HR status offers relevant information for a more precise risk assessment of patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Sajjadi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Venetis
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Piciotti
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Gambini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Concetta Blundo
- Breast Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Letterio Runza
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Ferrero
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via della Commenda 10, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy.
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.
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Yoshioka D, Fukushima S, Koteishi H, Okuno D, Ide T, Matsuoka S, Ueda M. Single-molecule imaging of PI(4,5)P 2 and PTEN in vitro reveals a positive feedback mechanism for PTEN membrane binding. Commun Biol 2020; 3:92. [PMID: 32111929 PMCID: PMC7048775 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PTEN, a 3-phosphatase of phosphoinositide, regulates asymmetric PI(3,4,5)P3 signaling for the anterior-posterior polarization and migration of motile cells. PTEN acts through posterior localization on the plasma membrane, but the mechanism for this accumulation is poorly understood. Here we developed an in vitro single-molecule imaging assay with various lipid compositions and use it to demonstrate that the enzymatic product, PI(4,5)P2, stabilizes PTEN's membrane-binding. The dissociation kinetics and lateral mobility of PTEN depended on the PI(4,5)P2 density on artificial lipid bilayers. The basic residues of PTEN were responsible for electrostatic interactions with anionic PI(4,5)P2 and thus the PI(4,5)P2-dependent stabilization. Single-molecule imaging in living Dictyostelium cells revealed that these interactions were indispensable for the stabilization in vivo, which enabled efficient cell migration by accumulating PTEN posteriorly to restrict PI(3,4,5)P3 distribution to the anterior. These results suggest that PI(4,5)P2-mediated positive feedback and PTEN-induced PI(4,5)P2 clustering may be important for anterior-posterior polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yoshioka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 565-0043, Japan
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiya Fukushima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 565-0043, Japan
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Koteishi
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
| | - Daichi Okuno
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
| | - Toru Ide
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Satomi Matsuoka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 565-0043, Japan.
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Ueda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 565-0043, Japan.
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Henager SH, Henriquez S, Dempsey DR, Cole PA. Analysis of Site-Specific Phosphorylation of PTEN by Using Enzyme-Catalyzed Expressed Protein Ligation. Chembiochem 2020; 21:64-68. [PMID: 31206229 PMCID: PMC7012368 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The activity and localization of PTEN, a tumor suppressor lipid phosphatase that converts the phospholipid PIP3 to PIP2, is governed in part by phosphorylation on a cluster of four Ser and Thr residues near the C terminus. Prior enzymatic characterization of the four monophosphorylated (1p) PTENs by using classical expressed protein ligation (EPL) was complicated by the inclusion of a non-native Cys at the ligation junction (aa379), which may alter the properties of the semisynthetic protein. Here, we apply subtiligase-mediated EPL to create wt 1p-PTENs. These PTENs are more autoinhibited than previously appreciated, consistent with the role of Tyr379 in driving autoinhibition. Alkaline phosphatase sensitivity analysis revealed that these autoinhibited 1p conformations are kinetically labile. In contrast to the Cys mutant 1p-PTENs, which are poorly recognized by an anti-phospho-PTEN antibody, three of the four wt 1p-PTENs are recognized by a commonly used anti-phospho-PTEN antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H Henager
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stephanie Henriquez
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Daniel R Dempsey
- Division of Genetics, Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Philip A Cole
- Division of Genetics, Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Wang K, Liu J, Zhao X, Li H, Luo G, Yu Y, Guo Y, Zhang L, Zhu J, Wang S, Hua W, Yang A, Zhang R, Li J. WWP2 regulates proliferation of gastric cancer cells in a PTEN-dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:652-659. [PMID: 31677789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
WW domain containing E3 Ub-protein ligase 2 (WWP2) plays an important role in tumor progression as an E3 ligase of PTEN. Here, we investigated the role of WWP2 in gastric cancer (GC). We found that WWP2 is overexpressed in GC tissues, which is closely related to poor prognosis of GC patients. Using a WWP2-shRNA lentivirus expressing system, we established WWP2 stable-knockdown GC cell lines and found that knockdown of WWP2 inhibits the proliferation of GC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Also, WWP2 silencing induced the up-regulation of PTEN protein level and down-regulation of AKT phosphorylation level. We further investigated the role of PTEN in this regulating process by performing rescue assay and found that PTEN is essential for WWP2-mediated regulation of GC cells proliferation. Taken together, our results demonstrated that WWP2 promotes proliferation of GC cells by downregulating PTEN, which may provide new therapeutic targets for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinhui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Haitong Li
- School of Basic Medicine, The Air Force Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Guangwei Luo
- School of Basic Medicine, The Air Force Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanping Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Long Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Angang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China; Department of Experimental Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China.
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Im SA, Lee KE, Nam E, Kim DY, Lee JH, Han HS, Seoh JY, Park HY, Cho MS, Han WS, Lee SN. Potential Prognostic Significance of p185HER2 Overexpression with Loss of PTEN Expression in Gastric Carcinomas. Tumori 2019; 91:513-21. [PMID: 16457151 DOI: 10.1177/030089160509100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Aims and Background The HER2 gene encodes a 185-kd transmembrane glycoprotein receptor (p185HER2) that has partial homology with the epidermal growth factor receptor and shares intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. The phosphatase and tensin homolog mutated on chromosome ten (PTEN) gene product is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that participates in modulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway which has antagonizing activity to protein tyrosine kinase. The authors investigated the correlation between clinicopathologic variables including survival and the overexpression of the p185HER2 with loss of PTEN expression in gastric adenocarcinoma patients. Methods The protein expression of p185HER2 and PTEN was examined by immunohistochemical stain in paraffin-embedded tissues of 94 (M:F, 52:42) gastric adenocarcinoma patients by using monoclonal antibody, and the results were related to clinicopathological variables and survival. Results p185HER2 overexpression correlated positively with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, AJCC classification, higher relapse rate. Patients with overexpression of p185HER2 were found to have significantly lower disease-free survival ( P = 0.003) and overall survival ( P = 0.0004). Loss of PTEN expression correlated positively with depth of invasion (T stage) and was more frequent in the advanced stage. The patient group with p185HER2 overexpression and loss of PTEN expression showed significantly shorter disease-free and overall survival ( P = 0.03, P = 0.01) than the other groups. Conclusions Our observations suggest potential prognostic significance of p185HER2 overexpression with PTEN loss in gastric adenocarcinoma patients. This opens up the possibility of considering p185HER2 and PTEN as a therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seock-Ah Im
- Section of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 28 Yongondong Chongnogu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea.
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Jayakumar R, Lanjewar S, Axiotis CA. Loss of PTEN and Increased pAKT Expression Distinguishes Aggressive Low-grade Neuroendocrine Tumors. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2018; 48:565-572. [PMID: 30373859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A major problem in neuroendocrine pathology is the identification and separation of aggressive low-grade neuroendocrine tumors (LGNETs) from those with a benign or more indolent behavior. Presently there are no known morphologic or molecular parameters which can predict how localized LGNETs will behave. The phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene negatively regulates the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and inhibits neoplastic cell survival and proliferation and has recently been identified as a neuroendocrine tumor differentiation marker. We hypothesized loss of PTEN may also identify LGNETs that demonstrate aggressive behavior. We studied PTEN and pAKT expression in 18 LGNETs using specific monoclonal antibodies. Follow up was obtained for a minimum of five years on all patients. 8/18 cases had strong PTEN expression and showed no evidence of disease on >5 years follow-up. 10 cases demonstrated loss of PTEN expression; 9/10 had positive pAKT expression, and 7/9 had recurrence and/or metastases. Lung and appendiceal LGNETs uniformly had high PTEN expression and a markedly better prognosis than their gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) counterparts. Loss of PTEN correlated significantly with the positive expression of pAKT (P=0.0027) and aggressive behavior of LGNETs (p=0.0002). Loss of PTEN and increased pAKT correlated with the metastatic potential of LGNETs (p=0.0011 and 0.0248 respectively). Loss of PTEN and increased pAKT expression distinguishes aggressive LGNETs from those with more indolent behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonali Lanjewar
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Chism CB, Crawford L, Tchakarov A, Al-Ibraheemi A, Beckmann NM. PTEN hamartoma of the soft tissue: the initial manifestation of an underlying PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome in a 4-year-old female. Skeletal Radiol 2017; 46:1591-1595. [PMID: 28756566 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-017-2732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A 4-year-old female was referred to pediatric orthopedic surgery for left leg pain and limping for 3 months following a motor vehicle collision. Recently, the patient's mother had noted left knee swelling and dragging of the left leg when walking. Past medical history was significant for hip dysplasia with slight leg length discrepancy. The patient was otherwise healthy. Physical examination was remarkable for left pre-patellar soft tissue fullness with normal range of motion. There was no warmth or tenderness. Subsequent ultrasound revealed a heterogeneous soft tissue mass superior and medial to the patella with a moderate degree of internal vascularity. MR exhibited a heterogeneous soft tissue mass with heterogeneous signal on both T1- and T2-weighted images centered within the vastus medialis obliquus muscle infiltrating the quadriceps tendon. Excisional biopsy was performed with a histopathologic diagnosis of fibroadipose tissue with anomalous vessels, suggestive of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) hamartoma of the soft tissue (PHOST). The patient was found to be positive for the PTEN gene mutation on genetic testing. The child was also determined to be macrocephalic, a major criterion for PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). The geneticist advised the patient to undergo yearly physical examinations and early, routine surveillance for several malignancies occurring with PHTS. This case report presents the ultrasound and MRI appearance of a rare benign tumor typically appearing in pediatric patients. The strong association between PHOST and other soft tissue malignancies and the resulting need for life-long surveillance make PHOST an important pathology to recognize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Chism
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 2.130B, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Lindsay Crawford
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amanda Tchakarov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alyaa Al-Ibraheemi
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas M Beckmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 2.130B, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Yu EH, Tu HF, Wu CH, Yang CC, Chang KW. MicroRNA-21 promotes perineural invasion and impacts survival in patients with oral carcinoma. J Chin Med Assoc 2017; 80:383-388. [PMID: 28254348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcma.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perineural invasion is a pathological feature that may affect cancer cell progression and thus can result in prognostic impacts, especially in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, factors regulating perineural invasion during OSCC remain obscure. METHODS Expression of miR-21 and phosphatase and tensin homolog was checked in surgical specimens from cases of OSCC. The results were analyzed for histopathologic factors, including perineural invasion and clinical prognosis. RESULTS One-hundred cases of OSCC patients were enrolled in this study. High expression of miR-21 was related to perineural invasion and worse prognosis in OSCC patients. CONCLUSION miR-21 was an independent factor of disease survival of OSCC. miR-21/phosphatase and tensin homolog disregulation was related to perineural invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Hao Yu
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yi-Lan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsi-Feng Tu
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yi-Lan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Hsien Wu
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Chieh Yang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Goldstein J, Borowsky AD, Goyal R, Roland JT, Arnold SA, Gellert LL, Clark PE, Hameed O, Giannico GA. MAGI-2 in prostate cancer: an immunohistochemical study. Hum Pathol 2016; 52:83-91. [PMID: 26980016 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 2 (MAGI-2) is a scaffolding protein that links cell adhesion molecules, receptors, and signaling molecules to the cytoskeleton and maintains the architecture of cell junctions. MAGI-2 gene rearrangements have recently been described in prostate cancer. We studied the immunohistochemical expression of MAGI-2 protein in prostate tissue. Seventy-eight radical prostatectomies were used to construct 3 tissue microarrays consisting of 512 cores, including benign tissue, benign prostatic hyperplasia, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), and adenocarcinoma, Gleason patterns 3 to 5. Immunohistochemistry for phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and double-stain MAGI-2/p63 was performed and analyzed by visual and image analysis, the latter as percent of analyzed area (%AREA), and mean optical density multiplied by %AREA (STAIN). By visual and image analysis, MAGI-2 was significantly higher in adenocarcinoma and HGPIN compared with benign (benign versus HGPIN P < .001; benign versus adenocarcinoma, P < .001). HGPIN and adenocarcinoma did not significantly differ by either modality. Using visual intensity to distinguish benign tissue and adenocarcinoma, a receiver operating curve yielded an area under the curve of 0.902. A STAIN threshold of 1470 yielded a sensitivity of 0.66 and specificity of 0.96. There was a significant correlation between PTEN and MAGI-2 staining for normal and benign prostatic hyperplasia, but this was lost in HGPIN and cancer. We conclude that MAGI-2 immunoreactivity is elevated in prostate cancer and HGPIN compared with normal tissue, and suggest that MAGI-2 may contribute to prostate carcinogenesis. This is the first report of MAGI-2 staining by immunohistochemistry in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery Goldstein
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232.
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Center for Comparative Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616.
| | - Rajen Goyal
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232.
| | - Joseph T Roland
- Epithelial Biology Center, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232.
| | - Shanna A Arnold
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN 37212.
| | - Lan L Gellert
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232.
| | - Peter E Clark
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232.
| | - Omar Hameed
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232.
| | - Giovanna A Giannico
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232.
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Yang W, Yang Y, Xia L, Yang Y, Wang F, Song M, Chen X, Liu J, Song Y, Zhao Y, Yang C. MiR-221 Promotes Capan-2 Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells Proliferation by Targeting PTEN-Akt. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 38:2366-74. [PMID: 27230035 DOI: 10.1159/000445589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) have emerged as critical regulators of cancer cell proliferation. The effect of miR-221 on cancer cell growth could be significantly changeable in different cell lines. Although miR-221 was reported to promote the cell growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, its role in Capan-2 cell line is largely unknown. METHODS Capan-2 cells were transfected with miR-221 mimics, inhibitors, or negative controls. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to determine cell viability. EdU staining and cell cycle analysis were used to measure cell proliferation. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of PTEN and phospho-Akt. The PI3K-Akt pathway activator SC-79 and inhibitor LY294002 were used to perform the rescue experiment in determining cell proliferation. RESULTS Overexpressing miR-221 significantly increased cell vitality and promoted cell proliferation and G1-to-S phase transition of the cell cycle in Capan-2 cells, while inhibition of miR-221 decreased that. The protein level of PTEN in Capan-2 cells was downregulated by overexpressing miR-221, while upregulated by inhibiting miR-221. Consistently, enhanced phosphorylation of AktSer473 was observed in miR-221 overexpressed Capan-2 cells, and the opposite result was found in miR-221 inhibited cells. LY294002 restored the pro-proliferation effect of miR-221 on Capan-2 cells, while SC-79 had no additional effect on cell proliferation in Capan-2 cells transfected with miR-221 mimics. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that miR-221 is an oncogenic miRNA which promotes Capan-2 cells proliferation by targeting PTEN-Akt pathway.
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11
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Shen Z, Deng H, Ye D, Zhang J, Qiu S, Li Q, Cui X. [Effect of DJ-1 silencing by RNA interference on growth of xenografted human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma Hep-2 cells in nude mice]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2016; 45:349-355. [PMID: 27868407 PMCID: PMC10396977 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2016.07.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of silencing DJ-1 on xenografted human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) Hep-2 cells in nude mice. Methods: Xenograft model of human LSCC was established by subcutaneous transplantation of Hep-2 cells in 24 nude mice. The LSCC-bearing nude mice were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8 in each):DJ-1 siRNA low dose group and DJ-1 siRNA high dose group were injected in tumors with 20 μg of DJ-1 siRNA or 40 μg of DJ-1 siRNA in 50 μL, respectively; control group was injected with 5% glucose solution in 50 μL, twice a week for 3 weeks. The weight and size of tumors were measured before injection. The animals were sacrificed 48 h after the final treatment, and the tumors were harvested and weighed. The apoptosis and proliferation of tumor cells were determined; the expressions of Caspase-3 and Ki-67 in tumor specimens were detected with immunohistochemistry. The expression of DJ-1, PTEN, survivin mRNA and protein in tumor tissues were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results: Tumor weight in low dose group[(0.66±0.15)g] and high dose group[(0.48±0.11)g] were significantly lower than that in control group[(0.83±0.16)g, all P<0.05]. The inhibition rates of low dose group and high dose group were (20.48±0.18)% and (42.16±0.13)%, respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of Caspase-3 was increased and Ki-67 was reduced in tumor specimens, compared with the control group (all P<0.05). RT-PCR and Western blot results showed that in low dose group and high dose group the mRNA and protein expression of DJ-1 and survivin significantly decreased (all P<0.05), while PTEN mRNA and protein content increased (all P<0.05). Conclusion: High dose DJ-1 siRNA can inhibit the tumor growth in human LSCC xenograft nude mouse model, which indicates that down-regulating DJ-1 and survivin, and up-regulating PTEN expression may lead to blockage of PI3K-PKB/Akt signaling pathway and promoting tumor cell apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/physiopathology
- Caspase 3/analysis
- Caspase 3/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/chemistry
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/physiology
- Cell Line, Tumor/transplantation
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Down-Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/chemistry
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Heterografts/drug effects
- Heterografts/physiology
- Humans
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/analysis
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/drug effects
- Ki-67 Antigen/analysis
- Ki-67 Antigen/drug effects
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/chemistry
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/genetics
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Mice, Nude
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/analysis
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/drug effects
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/drug effects
- Protein Deglycase DJ-1/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/drug effects
- RNA Interference/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Hongxia Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Dong Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Shijie Qiu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Xiang Cui
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315040, China
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12
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Shawana S, Kehar SI, Masood S, Aamir I. Immunoexpression of Cyclin D1 and PTEN in Various Endometrial Pathologies. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2016; 26:277-282. [PMID: 27097697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the expression of cyclin D1 and PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) in endometrial hyperplasias and neoplasias. STUDY DESIGN Analytical study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY The study was conducted at BMSI, JPMC, Karachi, from January 2008 to December 2012. METHODOLOGY Analysis of endometrial samples, comprising of hysterectomies and curettage, was carried out. Immunohistochemical staining was done for PTEN and cyclin D1 expression. RESULTS Fifty-three endometrial samples including 23 endometrial carcinomas, 6 complex hyperplasias with atypia, 14 complex hyperplasias without atypia, 6 simple hyperplasias without atypia and 4 normal proliferative endometrium were analyzed. Fifty-two percent (12 out of 23) and 48% (11 out of 23) cases of endometrial carcinomas showed complete loss of PTEN expression and cyclin D1 over expression, respectively. Five (5 out of 6) cases of complex hyperplasias with atypia and 64.28% (9 out of 14) cases of complex hyperplasia without atypia showed complete loss of or diminished expression of PTEN whereas 66.66% (4 out of 6) cases of endometrial hyperplasia with atypia and 50% (7 out of 14) cases of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia showed cyclin D1 overexpression (p &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSION Loss of PTEN, expression and cyclin D1 overexpression was seen in a significant number of well differentiated endometrial adenocarcinomas and complex hyperplasias with atypia, suggesting both as an early event in endometrial carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summayya Shawana
- Department of Pathology, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi
| | | | - Saleha Masood
- Department of Pathology, Jinnah Medical and Dental College,Karachi
| | - Iram Aamir
- Department of Physiology, Jinnah Medical and Dental College,Karachi
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13
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Torabi-Nezhad S, Malekmakan L, Mashayekhi M, Daneshian A. Histopathological features of intra-ductal carcinoma of prostatic and high grade prostatic intraepithelialneoplasia and correlation with PTEN and P63. Prostate 2016; 76:394-401. [PMID: 26643011 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main morphologic differential diagnosis of intra-ductal carcinoma of prostate (IDC-P) is high grade prostatic intraepithelialneoplasia (HGPIN). Since IDC-P, unlike PIN, was strongly correlated with aggressive prostate cancer, differentiation of these is too necessary. So we evaluated immunohistopathological patterns and the prognostic factors of IDC-P and HGPIN, in radical prostatectomy samples. METHODS We evaluated 250 radical prostatectomy and detected 210 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma without IDC-P foci, 40 cases with adenocarcinoma concomitant IDC-P, and 40 cases HGPIN; therefore, we evaluated immunohistopathological criteria in these groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS and P-value <0.05 was considered as the statistical significant level. RESULTS PSA level was significantly higher in IDC-P compared with non-IDC-P patients (15.7 ± 3.1 vs. 10.2 ± 4.3, P = 0.041). All pathological and morphologic features, also invasions factors were higher in IDC-P compared to non-IDC-P groups (P < 0.001). P63 was positive expressed in all IDC-P and HGPIN specimen. PTEN protein was diffusely expressed in the cytoplasm of all HGPIN but in 4 (11.1%) of IDC-P. PTEN and P63 were negative in adenocarcinoma foci. CONCLUSION We found that IDC-P had a unique histoclinical feature and was strongly associated with poor prognostic factors. Diagnosis and report of IDC-P should be considered in all prostate specimens. Also, we recommend PTEN IHC application for differentiated IDC-P from HGPIN in biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Torabi-Nezhad
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Malekmakan
- Department of Community Medicine, Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohadese Mashayekhi
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arghavan Daneshian
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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14
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Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an excellent technique used routinely to define the phenotype in pathology laboratories through the analysis of molecular expression in cells and tissues. The PTEN protein is ubiquitously expressed in the majority of human tissues, and allelic or complete loss of PTEN is frequently observed in different types of malignancies leading to an activation of the AKT/mTOR pathways. IHC-based analyses are best to determine the level of PTEN expression in histological samples, but not to assess partial or heterozygous deletions, for which FISH analyses are more appropriate. Interpretation of the IHC results is the most critical point in the assessment of PTEN expression, since it is used both as a prognostic factor and as a tool to guide therapeutic intervention and response to therapy. Importantly, analyses of well-known downstream markers, such as AKT or mTOR, may be used to further analyze PTEN functional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Castillo-Martin
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 1194, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Tin Htwe Thin
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 1194, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ana Collazo Lorduy
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 1194, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, 1194, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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15
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Abstract
PTEN subcellular localization is fundamental in the execution of the distinct PTEN biological activities, including not only its PI(3,4,5)P3 phosphatase activity when associated to membranes but also its subcellular compartment-specific interactions with regulatory and effector proteins, including those exerted in the nucleus. As a consequence, PTEN subcellular localization is tightly regulated in vivo by both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. The plasma membrane/nucleus/cytoplasm partitioning of PTEN has been the focus of several studies, both from a mechanistic and from a disease-association point of view. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on PTEN plasma membrane/nucleus/cytoplasm distribution, and present subcellular fractionation, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical methods to study the distribution and shuttling of PTEN between these subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Gil
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, 46013, Spain
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - José I López
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barakaldo, 48903, Spain
- Biocruces Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces s/n, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, 48903, Spain
| | - Rafael Pulido
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, 46013, Spain.
- Biocruces Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces s/n, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, 48903, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain.
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16
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Sushma PS, Jamil K, Kumar PU, Satyanarayana U, Ramakrishna M, Triveni B. PTEN and p16 genes as epigenetic biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC): a study on south Indian population. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7625-32. [PMID: 26687648 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and p16INK4a (p16) genes are tumor suppressor genes, associated with epigenetic alterations. PTEN and p16 promoter hypermethylation is a major epigenetic silencing mechanism leading to cancer. The cooperation between PTEN and p16 in pathogenesis of cancers suggest that their combination might be considered as potential molecular marker for specific subgroups of patients. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate whether PTEN and p16 promoter methylations were involved in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in south Indian subjects. DNA methylation quantitative analyses of the two candidate tumor suppressor genes PTEN and p16 were performed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). Fifty OSCC biopsy samples and their corresponding non-malignant portions as controls were studied comparatively. The methylation status was correlated with the clinical manifestations. Twelve out of 50 patients (24 %) were found to be methylated for PTEN gene, whereas methylation of the p16 gene occurred in 19 out of 50 cases (38 %). A statistically significant result was obtained (P = <0.0001 and 0.017) for both PTEN and p16 genes. PTEN and p16 promoter methylation may be the main mechanism leading to the low expression of PTEN and p16 genes indicating the progress of tumor development. Our data suggest that a low PTEN and p16 expression due to methylation may contribute to the cancer progression and could be useful for prognosis of OSCC. Therefore, analysis of promoter methylation in such genes may provide a biomarker valuable for early detection of oral cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Biopsy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/analysis
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/physiology
- DNA Methylation
- DNA, Neoplasm/chemistry
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Early Detection of Cancer
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, p16
- Humans
- India/epidemiology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Models, Biological
- Mouth Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/analysis
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/physiology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Sushma
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kaiser Jamil
- Department of Genetics, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, 500004, Telangana, India.
| | - P Uday Kumar
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - U Satyanarayana
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences, Chinnoutpalli, Gannavaram, A.P, India
| | - M Ramakrishna
- MNJ Institute of Oncology and Regional Cancer Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - B Triveni
- MNJ Institute of Oncology and Regional Cancer Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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17
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Zhu C, Wei J, Tian X, Li Y, Li X. Prognostic role of PPAR-γ and PTEN in the renal cell carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:12668-12677. [PMID: 26722456 PMCID: PMC4680401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore association of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expressions with prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS Our study subjects included 87 RCC tissues, 28 paracarcinoma tissues and 21 normal renal tissues. PPAR-γ and PTEN detection was conducted using immunohistochemistry staining. The association of PPAR-γ and PTEN with the clinical parameters and prognosis of RCC was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox's proportional hazards regression model were used for exploring the relation between variables and prognosis. RESULTS Among normal renal tissues, para-carcinoma tissues and renal cell carcinomas, positive PPAR-γ expression presented with a progressive tendency (P < 0.001), while positive PTEN expression a degressive tendency (P < 0.001). PPAR-γ expressions were closely related to tumor size, clinical stage and lymph node metastases (all P < 0.05). PTEN expressions were in close association with tumor size, Fuhrman grading, lymph node metastases (all P < 0.05). PPAR-γ expressions were in a negative relation with PTEN expressions (r = -0.417, P < 0.001). Negative PPAR-γ expressions confer a significantly higher overall survival rate than positive PPAR-γ expressions (P = 0.015), while negative PTEN expressions confer a significantly lower overall survival rate than positive PTEN expressions (P = 0.003). Clinical staging, Fuhrman grading, lymph node metastases, PPAR-γ and PTEN were independent prognostic factors for prognosis (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION PPAR-γ and PTEN expressions are related to the clinical parameters and prognosis of RCC and may be a biomarker for prognosis of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Zhu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Jinxing Wei
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan UniversityKaifeng 475000, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan UniversityKaifeng 475000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan UniversityKaifeng 475000, P. R. China
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18
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Wang C, Zhou Y, Ruan R, Zheng M, Han W, Liao L. High expression of COUP-TF II cooperated with negative Smad4 expression predicts poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:7112-21. [PMID: 26261604 PMCID: PMC4525938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to evaluate whether the role of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II (COUP-TF II) could sever as a predictor to stratify risk of human colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and to elucidate the preliminary molecular mechanisms of COUP-TF II involved in the development and advancement of CRC reflected by investigating the relationship of COUP-TF II with PTEN, Smad4. METHODS 112 cases tissue microarray and immunohistochemical SP method were used to detect the expression of COUP-TF II, PTEN and Smad4 in CRC tissues and adjacent non-tumorous tissues. The clinical relevance and prognosis of COUP-TF II, PTEN, Smad4 in CRC patients were analyzed. Furthermore, Cox proportional hazards model was performed to indicate the independent prognostic factors for CRC patients using various clinicopathological parameters and COUP-TF II, PTEN and Smad4. RESULTS COUP-TF II proteins were positively expressed in 65.2% of CRC tissues and 15.5% paired non-CRC tissues, respectively. The expression of COUP-TF II was significantly correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis and a negative correlation with Smad4 expression. Patients bearing higher levels of COUP-TF II expression showed lower DFS and OS. Most importantly, Cox proportional hazards regression analyses showed COUP-TF II positive/Smad4 negative status (DFS, P=0.001; OS, P=0.005) were independent prognostic factors for CRC patients. CONCLUSION Positive COUP-TF II expression levels has significant value in determining CRC stage and metastasis and cooperates with negative Smad4 expression contributing to assess prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer, suggesting Smad4 may be involved in the above regulation progress probably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wang
- College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical CollegeXuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xuzhou City Central HospitalXuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruoyun Ruan
- College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Maojin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical CollegeXuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wencan Han
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical CollegeXuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linchuan Liao
- College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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19
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Ugalde-Olano A, Egia A, Fernández-Ruiz S, Loizaga-Iriarte A, Zuñiga-García P, Garcia S, Royo F, Lacasa-Viscasillas I, Castro E, Cortazar AR, Zabala-Letona A, Martín-Martín N, Arruabarrena-Aristorena A, Torrano-Moya V, Valcárcel-Jiménez L, Sánchez-Mosquera P, Caro-Maldonado A, González-Tampan J, Cachi-Fuentes G, Bilbao E, Montero R, Fernández S, Arrieta E, Zorroza K, Castillo-Martín M, Serra V, Salazar E, Macías-Cámara N, Tabernero J, Baselga J, Cordón-Cardo C, Aransay AM, Villar AD, Iovanna JL, Falcón-Pérez JM, Unda M, Bilbao R, Carracedo A. Methodological aspects of the molecular and histological study of prostate cancer: focus on PTEN. Methods 2015; 77-78:25-30. [PMID: 25697760 PMCID: PMC4503808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the most frequent cancers in men, and despite its high rate of cure, the high number of cases results in an elevated mortality worldwide. Importantly, prostate cancer incidence is dramatically increasing in western societies in the past decades, suggesting that this type of tumor is exquisitely sensitive to lifestyle changes. Prostate cancer frequently exhibits alterations in the PTEN gene (inactivating mutations or gene deletions) or at the protein level (reduced protein expression or altered sub-cellular compartmentalization). The relevance of PTEN in this type of cancer is further supported by the fact that the sole deletion of PTEN in the murine prostate epithelium recapitulates many of the features of the human disease. In order to study the molecular alterations in prostate cancer, we need to overcome the methodological challenges that this tissue imposes. In this review we present protocols and methods, using PTEN as proof of concept, to study different molecular characteristics of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ainara Egia
- Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Stephane Garcia
- Centre de Recherche en Carcérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Félix Royo
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Spain
| | | | - Erika Castro
- Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Ana R Cortazar
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elena Bilbao
- Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rocío Montero
- Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández
- Department of Pathology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain; Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Edurne Arrieta
- Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Kerman Zorroza
- Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Violeta Serra
- Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eider Salazar
- Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Jose Tabernero
- Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Baselga
- Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos Cordón-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana M Aransay
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Spain
| | - Amaia Del Villar
- Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Juan L Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Carcérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM UMR 1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille University and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Juan M Falcón-Pérez
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Miguel Unda
- Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Roberto Bilbao
- Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 801 Building, 48160 Derio, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
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Shin E, Choi CM, Kim HR, Jang SJ, Park YS. Immunohistochemical characterization of the mTOR pathway in stage-I non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Lung Cancer 2015; 89:13-8. [PMID: 25936472 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has been linked with malignant tumorigenesis. This study explored the expression profiles of proteins involved in the mTOR pathway and their relationships with clinicopathologic characteristics in stage-I non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). METHODS The protein expression profiles of PTEN, p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-S6, and eIF4E were examined using immunohistochemical staining and tissue microarray method in 408 patients with stage-I NSCLC (250 adenocarcinomas [ADC] and 158 squamous cell carcinomas). RESULTS Retained PTEN expression (P<0.001), p-mTOR expression (P<0.001), and p-S6 expression (P=0.007) were associated with ADC histology. Expression of PTEN (P=0.001), p-Akt (P=0.005), p-mTOR (P=0.007), p-S6 (P<0.001) were correlated with lower pathologic T stage. PTEN loss was correlated with male gender and smoking history and p-mTOR expression was inversely correlated with these factors (P<0.001). Subgroup analysis of ADCs indicated that male gender, high pT stage, lymphovascular invasion, and PTEN loss were poor prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis revealed that the PTEN(-)/p-Akt(+)/p-mTOR(+) combination more effectively determined the prognosis of ADC (hazard ratio=2.2, P=0.004) than PTEN alone. CONCLUSIONS Activation of the mTOR pathway in early-stage ADCs suggests a significant role for the mTOR axis in early carcinogenesis. The combination of PTEN(-)/p-Akt(+)/p-mTOR(+) expression was correlated with poor overall survival in patients with stage-I lung ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Shin
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumiro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-707, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Min Choi
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, 138-736 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Ryul Kim
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, 138-736 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jang
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, 138-736 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, 138-736 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Aderhold C, Faber A, Umbreit C, Chakraborty A, Bockmayer A, Birk R, Sommer JU, Hörmann K, Schultz JD. Small molecules alter VEGFR and PTEN expression in HPV-positive and -negative SCC: new hope for targeted-therapy. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:1389-1399. [PMID: 25750290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Prognosis for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is poor in most cases and has not improved despite advances in therapy. Novel therapeutic approaches are mandatory in order to improve the situation. Everolimus, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin, as well as the multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors sorafenib and sunitinib, has demonstrated a substantial therapeutic effect in various types of human cancer with moderate side-effects. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 1 and 2, and of the tumor-suppressor protein phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) were evaluated in chemonaïve human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and -negative squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and after exposure to everolimus, sorafenib or sunitinib. MATERIALS AND METHODS p16-positive CERV196 and p16-negative HNSCC 11A and 14C cells were incubated with different drug concentrations for 48-192 h. Expression of VEGFR1 and -2 as well as PTEN were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and was compared to a chemonaïve control. RESULTS VEGFR1 and -2, as well as PTEN, were expressed in all three cell lines. Sunitinib, sorafenib and everolimus significantly reduced the expression of VEGFR1 and -2, especially in p16-positive CERV196 cells. Sunitinib appeared to be more effective in reducing VEGFR1 and -2 expression than sorafenib and everolimus. PTEN levels were remarkably lower in HPV-positive CERV196 cells. PTEN expression increased significantly under sunitinib and sorafenib in HNSCC 11A and CERV196 cells. Everolimus, on the other hand, led to a significant decrease of PTEN expression in these cell lines. CONCLUSION The tested drugs displayed a remarkable anti-angiogenic effect by inhibition of VEGFR1 and -2 expression. Sunitinib and sorafenib were able to increase PTEN expression, which might induce apoptosis of cancer cells. HPV-positive CERV196 cells were characterized by an increased susceptibility to these small-molecule drugs. Further studies are imperative to scrutinize HPV status-dependent differences in drug response and possible implications for future treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Aderhold
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Faber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Claudia Umbreit
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anja Chakraborty
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andre Bockmayer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Richard Birk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jörg Ulrich Sommer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karl Hörmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes David Schultz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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Choi SK, Hong YO, Lee WM, Kim EK, Joo JE, Kim DW, Lee H. Overexpression of PI3K-p110α in the progression of uterine cervical neoplasia and its correlation with pAkt and DJ-1. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2015; 36:389-393. [PMID: 26390688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of PI3K-p110α, pAkt, PTEN, the signaling molecules from PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, DJ-1, an oncoprotein and HSP90a, a molecular chaperone, and their correlation in uterine cervical neoplasia, in order to elucidate their role in cervical carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using immunohistochemistry, the authors analyzed the expression of PI3K-p110α, pAkt, PTEN, DJ-1 and HSP90α, and their correlation in ten normal tissues, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) including 30 CIN1 and 31 CIN3, and 33 cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). RESULTS The expression of all proteins significantly increased in CIN3 compared to CIN1, and only the expression of PI3K-p110α significantly increased in invasive SCC compared to CIN3. There was a significant positive correlation between the expression of PI3K-p110α and DJ-1, as well as PI3K-p110α and pAkt in CIN3 and invasive SCC. CONCLUSION Overexpression of PI3K-p110α is associated with progression of uterine cervical neoplasia, and the expression of pAkt and DJ-1 is positively correlated with PI3K-p110α expression in this process.
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Berstein LM, Berlev IV, Vasiliev DA, Baltrukova AN, Poroshina TE, Kovalenko IM, Turkevich EA. [Obesity and characteristics of endometrial cancer: are there any changes over several decades?]. Vopr Onkol 2015; 61:575-579. [PMID: 26571825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that endometrial cancer features (including expression of the PTEN and HER-2/neu proteins) are connected dissimilarly with body mass index and with the belonging of the patients to the groups with standard, SO and metabolically healthy obesity, MHO. In the course of the last half-century an increases are discovered in the height and weight of the females with endometrial cancer that moves in the opposite direction with a reduction of the share of MHO cases among obese patients. This conclusion should be taken into account when one considers the means for contemporary prevention of both obesity and cancer of uterine body.
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Sueta A, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto-Ibusuki M, Hayashi M, Takeshita T, Yamamoto S, Iwase H. An integrative analysis of PIK3CA mutation, PTEN, and INPP4B expression in terms of trastuzumab efficacy in HER2-positive breast cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116054. [PMID: 25542038 PMCID: PMC4277449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is commonly deregulated in breast cancer through several mechanisms, including PIK3CA mutation and loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase-II (INPP4B). We aimed to evaluate the predictive relevance of these biomarkers to trastuzumab efficacy in HER2-positive disease. We evaluated the effect of trastuzumab in 43 breast cancer patients with HER2-overexpression who received neoadjuvant treatment. PIK3CA mutation was examined by direct sequencing and digital PCR assay, and PIK3CA copy number was assessed by digital PCR assay of pretreatment tissues. PTEN, pAkt, and INPP4B were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Direct sequencing detected mutant DNA in 21% of all patients, but the incidence increased to 49% using digital PCR. The pathological complete response (pCR) rate in patients with PIK3CA mutations was 29% compared with 67% for those without PIK3CA mutations (P = 0.093), when the mutation was defined as positive if the mutant proportion was more than 10% of total genetic content by digital PCR. Low PTEN expression was associated with less pCR compared to high expression (33% versus 72%, P = 0.034). There were no significant associations of PIK3CA copy number, pAKt, or INPP4B with trastuzumab efficacy. In multivariate analysis, activation of the PI3K pathway due to either PIK3CA mutation or low PTEN were related to poorer response to trastuzumab (OR of predictive pCR was 0.11, 95%CI; 0.03–0.48). In conclusion, activating the PI3K pathway is associated with low pCR to trastuzumab-based treatment in HER2-positive breast cancer. Combined analysis of PIK3CA mutation and PTEN expression may serve as critical indicators to identify patients unlikely to respond to trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Sueta
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Therapy for Breast Cancer, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamamoto
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Therapy for Breast Cancer, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Mutsuko Yamamoto-Ibusuki
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeshita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Satoko Yamamoto
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Iwase
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
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Grupp K, Ospina-Klinck D, Tsourlakis MC, Koop C, Wilczak W, Adam M, Simon R, Sauter G, Izbicki JR, Graefen M, Huland H, Steurer S, Schlomm T, Minner S, Quaas A. NY-ESO-1 expression is tightly linked to TMPRSS2-ERG fusion in prostate cancer. Prostate 2014; 74:1012-22. [PMID: 24789172 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NY-ESO-1 has been suggested as therapeutic cancer vaccine in prostate cancer. This study was undertaken to explore the relationship of NY-ESO-1 with tumor phenotype, biochemical recurrence, and molecular subgroups in hormone-naive prostate cancers. METHODS NY-ESO-1 immunohistochemistry was analyzed on a tissue microarray containing 11,152 prostate cancer samples. Results were compared to clinically follow-up data, ERG status, and deletions on PTEN, 3p13, 5q21, and 6q15. RESULTS NY-ESO-1 expression was absent in benign prostate glands. In prostate cancer, NY-ESO-1 positivity was found 8.8% of our 8,761 interpretable tumors including 5.8% with weak, 2.5% with moderate, and 0.5% with strong expression. There was a threefold higher rate of NY-ESO-1 expression in ERG fusion positive tumors than in ERG negative cancers (P < 0.0001). There was a significant association with early PSA recurrence, which was largely limited to ERG positive cancers. Within the ERG positive subgroup, high NY-ESO-1 expression was associated with early biochemical recurrence (P = 0.0002) and high Gleason grade (P < 0.0001). In ERG negative cancers, NY-ESO-1 expression was also linked to PTEN (P = 0.0012) and 6q15 deletions (P = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Our observations indicate a tight link of NY-ESO-1 expression to ERG activation and (to a lesser extent) PTEN- and 6q15-deletions in prostate cancer. The impact of these interactions on the likelihood of response to immunotherapy is unclear. The prognostic impact of NY-ESO-1 expression is little and not independent of histologic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Grupp
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Jiang K, Lawson D, Cohen C, Siddiqui MT. Galectin-3 and PTEN expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and gastrointestinal tumors on fine-needle aspiration cytology. Acta Cytol 2014; 58:281-7. [PMID: 24854395 DOI: 10.1159/000362221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Galectin-3 has been implicated in the carcinogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Its applicability in pancreatic fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in separating malignant from benign lesions has never been addressed. In addition, a correlation between Galectin-3 and tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and their potential diagnostic value has never been tested. STUDY DESIGN This study analyzed Galectin-3 immunohistochemical expression in FNA cell blocks of PDAC, pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNEN), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and non-tumor pancreatic tissue. In parallel, Galectin-3 and PTEN levels were evaluated in a tumor tissue microarray (TMA). RESULTS Forty-four of 46 PDAC FNA and 32 of 33 PDAC TMA demonstrated tumor-specific Galectin-3 positivity. In contrast, Galectin-3 was not detected in PNEN and GIST. Total loss of PTEN was displayed by 26 of 33 PDAC, while non-neoplastic tissues all retained PTEN expression. CONCLUSION Galectin-3 could be a valuable marker to help diagnose PDAC and rule out PNEN and GIST. In addition, PTEN positivity strongly argues against a diagnosis of PDAC. These data also advocate their potential diagnostic roles in the work up of challenging cytologic cases requiring ancillary test confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga., USA
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27
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Cuorvo LV, Verderio P, Ciniselli CM, Girlando S, Decarli N, Leonardi E, Ferro A, Caldara A, Triolo R, Eccher C, Cantaloni C, Mauri F, Seckl M, Volante M, Buttitta F, Marchetti A, Silvia Q, Galligioni E, Palma PD, Barbareschi M. PI3KCA mutation status is of limited prognostic relevance in ER-positive breast cancer patients treated with hormone therapy. Virchows Arch 2014; 464:85-93. [PMID: 24233241 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-013-1500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway alterations are frequent in patients with infiltrating breast cancer (IBC). Their clinical and pathological relevance has been insufficiently documented. We evaluated PI3KCA for mutations and the expression of PTEN, AKT, mTOR and p70S6K by immunohistochemistry in 246 IBC patients treated with hormone therapy (median follow-up, 97 months). A PI3KCA mutation was observed in 50 out of 229 informative cases (21.8 %), PTEN loss in 107 out of 210 (51 %), moderate/high level of expression of AKT in 133 out of 188 (71 %), moderate/high level of expression of mTOR in 173 out of 218 (79 %) and moderate/high level of expression of p70S6K in 111 out of 192 cases (58 %). PI3KCA mutation was associated with the absence of Her2/neu amplification/overexpression and a low level of MIB1/Ki-67 labelling. The expression of p70S6K was associated with a high level of mTOR immunoreactivity, and high PTEN expression was associated with high AKT expression level. Univariate analysis showed that PI3KCA mutation status was not associated with clinical outcome in the series as a whole or in the node-negative subgroup. However, in the node-positive subgroup, exon 9 PI3KCA mutation was associated with unfavourable overall survival (OS), although its impact on the final model in multivariate analysis seemed to be limited. Of the other markers, only high p70S6K expression was associated with a significantly prolonged OS. PI3KCA mutation status is of limited prognostic relevance in oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients treated with hormone therapy.
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Lai CR, Hsu CY, Chen YJ, Yen MS, Chao KC, Li AFY. Ovarian cancers arising from endometriosis: a microenvironmental biomarker study including ER, HNF1ß, p53, PTEN, BAF250a, and COX-2. J Chin Med Assoc 2013; 76:629-34. [PMID: 23962610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcma.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microenvironmental biomarkers of different subtypes of ovarian cancers arising from endometriosis have not been studied in Taiwan. Their expression can help in understanding the carcinogenic mechanism. METHODS Our study used immunohistochemistry to compare the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 beta (HNF1ß), p53, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), BAF250a, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) among 79 cases of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers, including 40 (50%) clear cell carcinomas (CCCs), 33 (41%) endometrioid (EM) adenocarcinomas, four (5%) serous carcinomas, one adenosquamous carcinoma, and one adenosarcoma. RESULTS Positive stainings for ER, HNF1ß, p53, and COX-2 were identified in 34 (43%), 30 (38%), 10 (13%), and 44 (56%) cases. Loss of PTEN and BAF250a were noted in 29 (37%) and 37 (47%) cases. The expression of ER was reversely correlated with that of HNF1ß (rho = -0.417, p < 0.001) and correlated with p53 (rho = 0.284, p = 0.011). ER positivity was commonly identified in EM adenocarcinomas (91%), and rarely in CCCs (8%) and serous carcinoma (0%; p < 0.001). By contrast, HNF1ß expression was frequently noted in CCCs (65%) and serous carcinomas (50%), but less in EM adenocarcinoma (6%; p < 0.001). All staining results were similar between atypical endometriosis glandular epithelium and contiguous malignant parts. Only nine cases showed 10 minor differences (10/474, 2%) in ER, HNF1ß, and BAF250a. For the staining patterns of p53, COX-2, and PTEN, there was no difference between the invasive and precursor parts. CONCLUSION Our results supported the suggestion that estrogen-dependent ovarian cancer arising from endometriosis is substantially more associated with EM adenocarcinoma than CCCs. The positive HNF1ß staining was a frequent finding in CCCs, but not in EM adenocarcinoma. The similar staining patterns of atypical endometriosis glandular cells with the invasive parts confirmed their precursor status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Ru Lai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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29
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Bauman JE, Arias-Pulido H, Lee SJ, Fekrazad MH, Ozawa H, Fertig E, Howard J, Bishop J, Wang H, Olson GT, Spafford MJ, Jones DV, Chung CH. A phase II study of temsirolimus and erlotinib in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic, platinum-refractory head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2013; 49:461-7. [PMID: 23384718 PMCID: PMC3805493 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a validated target in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) HNSCC, resistance to anti-EGFR therapy inevitably occurs. Downstream activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is an established resistance mechanism. Concurrent mTOR blockade may improve efficacy of anti-EGFR therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Erlotinib 150 mg daily and temsirolimus 15 mg weekly were administered to patients with platinum-refractory R/M HNSCC and ECOG performance status 0-2. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Correlative studies determined PIK3CA and HRAS mutation status; p16, EGFR, pS6K, pAkt and PTEN expression; and pre- and post-treatment plasma levels of 20 immunomodulatory cytokines. RESULTS Twelve patients enrolled; six withdrew within 6 weeks due to toxicity or death, prompting early closure of the trial. Grade ≥ 3 toxicities included fatigue, diarrhea, gastrostomy tube infection, peritonitis, pneumonia, dyspnea, and HN edema. Median PFS was 1.9 months. Median overall survival was 4.0 months. Six/12 tumors were p16(+), 9/11 lacked measurable PTEN expression, and 1/12 harbored a PIK3CA mutation. On exploratory analysis, high baseline plasma VEGF and interferon-gamma levels marginally associated with tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS The combination of erlotinib and temsirolimus was poorly tolerated. Low prevalence of PTEN expression and 8% incidence of PIK3CA mutations indicate biological relevance of this pathway in R/M disease. Investigation of more tolerable combinations of EGFR and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors in selected HNSCC patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Bauman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Lotan TL, Gumuskaya B, Rahimi H, Hicks JL, Iwata T, Robinson BD, Epstein JI, De Marzo AM. Cytoplasmic PTEN protein loss distinguishes intraductal carcinoma of the prostate from high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Mod Pathol 2013; 26:587-603. [PMID: 23222491 PMCID: PMC3610824 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is a marker of aggressive disease. However, intraductal carcinoma exists on a morphologic continuum with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and distinguishing intraductal carcinoma from PIN is a common diagnostic dilemma with significant clinical implications. We evaluated whether immunostains for PTEN and ERG can sensitively identify intraductal carcinoma and accurately distinguish it from high-grade PIN. A combined immunostain for PTEN, ERG, p63 and CK903 was developed and validated. Radical prostatectomy specimens with lesions meeting criteria for intraductal carcinoma (n=45), intraductal cribriform proliferations falling short of intraductal carcinoma (n=15), and PIN lesions (n=39) were retrospectively identified and assessed for PTEN and ERG. Cytoplasmic PTEN loss was identified in 84% (38/45) of the intraductal carcinoma and 100% (15/15) of intraductal cribriform proliferation cases. In contrast, cytoplasmic PTEN loss was never observed in PIN (0/39; P<0.0001). Of the 53 cases of intraductal carcinoma or intraductal cribriform proliferation with cytoplasmic PTEN loss, it was homogeneously lost in 42 cases (79%). Weak, focal nuclear positivity for PTEN was retained in 31 of these 42 cases (74%). ERG expression was identified in 58% (26/45) of intraductal carcinoma and 67% (10/15) of intraductal cribriform proliferations compared with 13% (5/39) of PIN. Concordance between the PTEN/ERG status of the intraductal carcinoma lesions and the concurrent invasive carcinoma was high (>95% and P<0.0001 for each), and substantially less for PIN and the concurrent invasive tumor (83% for PTEN and 67% for ERG; P=NS for each). Cytoplasmic PTEN loss occurs in the majority of intraductal carcinoma and intraductal cribriform proliferation cases. Cytoplasmic PTEN loss was never observed in PIN (100% specificity). Our study identifies PTEN loss as a potentially useful marker to distinguish intraductal carcinoma from PIN and provides a plausible molecular explanation for why intraductal carcinoma is associated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Duman BB, Sahin B, Acikalin A, Ergin M, Zorludemir S. PTEN, Akt, MAPK, p53 and p95 expression to predict trastuzumab resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer. J BUON 2013; 18:44-50. [PMID: 23613387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutations that activate the PIK3CA oncogene and inhibit the tumor suppressor gene PTEN action are commonly found in breast tumors. Akt is a key activator of cell survival. p53 is frequently found mutated in human tumors, and mutant p53 protein actively contributes to tumorigenesis. In selected cases of breast cancer, trastuzumab (TZMB) is incorporated in the primary treatment in the adjuvant and metastatic settings. Many studies have reported that selected patients are resistant to TZMB due to the presence of p95 HER2 fragments. To address this, we analysed PTEN, Akt, MAPK, p53 and p95 expression in breast cancer patients treated with TZMB. METHODS Out of 90 patients histologically diagnosed with breast cancer between 2004 and 2011, analysed were 25 patients with HER2 positive, and estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) negative, metastatic or locally advanced disease. All 25 patients were treated with TZMB and resistance to TZMB was assessed. All patients were on anthracycline-and taxane-containing regimens. Tissue samples were obtained from paraffin blocks and evaluated immunohistochemically for PTEN, Akt, MAPK, p53, and p95 expression. RESULTS TZMB resistance was detected in 5 (20%) patients. Akt expression was positive in 2 patients (8%) and MAPK, p95, and p53 expression was positive in 1 patient (4%); PTEN expression was negative in 3 patients (12%). No significant differences were found between TZMB resistance and PTEN, Akt, MAPK, p53, and p95 expression. Subgroup analysis was carried out in the neoadjuvant treatment group. Complete pathologic response was detected in 3 patients (21.4%). Statistically significant differences were not found between the complete response rate and PTEN, Akt, MAPK, and p95 expression. There was a statistically significant correlation between p53 expression and complete pathologic response (p=0.02). CONCLUSION No statistically significant correlation between TZMB resistance and the expression of these biomarkers was noted. In patients with HER2-positive breast cancer that were treated with 4 dose-dense sequential cycles of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, followed by TZMB and paclitaxel combination therapy in the neodjuvant setting, p53 expression could predict complete response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Duman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cukurova University Medical Faculty, Adana, Turkey.
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Kapoor S. Beyond retinocytomas: clinical benefit of topotecan in the management of other intra-cranial tumors especially glioblastomas. Chin Med J (Engl) 2013; 126:1635. [PMID: 23652042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
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Daniilidou K, Frangou-Plemenou M, Grammatikakis J, Grigoriou O, Vitoratos N, Kondi-Pafiti A. Prognostic significance and diagnostic value of PTEN and p53 expression in endometrial carcinoma. A retrospective clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study. J BUON 2013; 18:195-201. [PMID: 23613406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the PTEN and p53 gene expression in endometrioid and serous papillary endometrial carcinomas and clarify their prognostic significance by studying the PTEN and p53 expression in relation to tumor stage and grade. METHODS Archival pathological sections of 61 cases with endometrial cancer examined in a 5-year-period (January 2006-December 2010) were retrieved and re-examined. Immunohistochemical investigation was performed by the Ventana system. Anti-PTEN and anti-p53 monoclonal antibodies were used. Disease staging was made according to the FIGO staging system. RESULTS Forty-nine (80.32%) cases were endometrioid adenocarcinomas. Patient age ranged from 39-75 years (mean 62.5). Grade 1 tumors:19/22 (86.3%) cases had stage Ib, 2/22 (9.09%) stage Ic and 1/22 (4.54%) stage IIIc. Eighteen of 22 (81.8%) cases were PTEN positive and 4/22 (18.2%) p53 positive. Grade 2 tumors: 17/ 23 (73.91%) cases had stage I b, 4/23 (17.39%) stage Ic and 2/23 (8.69%) stage IIIc. Seventeen of 23 (73.91%) cases were PTEN positive and 47sol;23 (17.3%) p53 positive. Grade 3 tumors: 2/4 (50%) cases had stage Ic and 2/4 (50%) stage IIIc. No case was PTEN positive and 2/4 (50%) were p53 positive. Twelve (19.35%) cases were serous papillary carcinomas. Patient age ranged from 63-79 years (mean 76). Five (41.66%) cases had stage Ic and 5 (41.66%) stage IIIc, with nodal metastases and peritoneal involvement. Two (16.66%) cases developed on endometrial polyps with minimal myometrial involvement (stage Ib) and in both cases elements of endometrioid adenocarcinoma were observed as well. Immunohistochemical study showed that 11 (91.66%) cases were p53 positive and 2 (16.66%) PTEN positive. CONCLUSION PTEN and p53 immunoexpression helps both in accurate diagnosis and proper therapeutic approach of the various endometrial carcinomas. PTEN and p53 are also prognostic markers for these kind of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Daniilidou
- Pathology Laboratory, Aretaieion University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Zhang M, Shan BE, Yuan NF, Liu W. Effect of topotecan on retinocytoma cell apoptosis and expression of Livin and PTEN. Chin Med J (Engl) 2013; 126:340-344. [PMID: 23324287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinocytoma (RB) is a very common intraocular malignant tumor during infancy. Chemotherapy has gradually been used as the first-line treatment for intraocular RB in recent years. In this study, Livin and PTEN expressions were observed in the RB tissue, along with the growth-inhibiting and apoptosis-induced effects of topotecan (TPT) on RB HXO-Rb44 cell strain. This study aimed to investigate the antigrowth effects of TPT on RB cell strain HXO-Rb44. METHODS Max-Vision(TM) rapid immunohistochemistry was adopted to detect Livin and PTEN expressions in the normal retina and in RB, and their relationship with RB clinicopathologic features was analyzed. Human RB cell strain HXO-Rb44 was cultivated and passaged. MTT method was used to measure the survival rates of HXO-Rb44 cell strains under various TPT concentrations. IC50 values were calculated. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effects of various TPT concentrations on HXO-Rb44 cell apoptosis. Western blotting was used to detect the differences of Livin and PTEN protein expressions during cell apoptosis. RESULTS The positive expressions of Livin and PTEN in the RB group were obviously different from those in the normal control group. In RB tissue, Livin expression was relevant to PTEN expression. TPT could significantly induce the occurrence of cell apoptosis and had a dependent relationship with drug concentration. Livin and PTEN expression levels varied with the extension of the effect time of TPT based on Western blotting analysis. CONCLUSIONS Livin and PTEN have high and low expression levels in the RB tissue, respectively. Both of them have key roles in RB occurrence and development. TPT could induce human RB cell strain HXO-Rb44 cell apoptosis, and its mechanism is associated with the inhibition of Livin and PTEN expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
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Ngeow J, He X, Mester JL, Lei J, Romigh T, Orloff MS, Milas M, Eng C. Utility of PTEN protein dosage in predicting for underlying germline PTEN mutations among patients presenting with thyroid cancer and Cowden-like phenotypes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E2320-7. [PMID: 23066114 PMCID: PMC3513537 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thyroid cancer is a major component of Cowden syndrome (CS). CS patients with an underlying PTEN mutation (PTEN(mut+)) have a 70-fold increased risk of developing epithelial thyroid cancer. In contrast, less than 1% of sporadic epithelial thyroid cancer patients carry a germline PTEN mutation. Cost-efficient markers capable of shortlisting thyroid cancers for CS genetic testing would be clinically useful. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to analyze the utility of patient blood phosphate and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) protein levels in predicting germline PTEN mutations. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS We conducted a 5-yr, multicenter prospective study of 2792 CS and CS-like patients, all of whom had comprehensive PTEN analysis. Analysis of PTEN and downstream proteins by immunoblotting was performed on total protein lysates from patient-derived lymphoblast lines. We compared blood PTEN protein levels between PTEN(mut+) patients and those with variants of unknown significance or wild-type PTEN (PTEN(wt/vus)). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We assessed the utility of PTEN protein levels in predicting germline PTEN mutations. RESULTS Of 2792 CS/CS-like patients, 721 patients had thyroid cancer; 582 of them (81%) had blood PTEN protein analyzed. PTEN germline pathogenic mutations were present in 27 of 582 patients (4.6%). Ninety-six percent (26 of 27) of PTEN(mut+) patients had blood PTEN protein levels in the lowest quartile as compared with 25% (139 of 555) of PTEN(wt/vus) patients (P < 0.001). Low blood PTEN levels predicted for PTEN(mut+) cases with a 99.76% negative predictive value (95% confidence interval = 98.67-99.96) and a positive test likelihood ratio of 3.84 (95% confidence interval = 3.27-4.52). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that low blood PTEN protein expression could serve as a screening molecular correlate to predict for germline PTEN mutation in CS and CS-like presentations of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ngeow
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Cheng ZY, Liang WT, Yan XY, Wan JS, Bian YS, Bai P, Liang LQ, Jie JQ, Li AM. [Effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate on K562 cell invasion by PTEN pathway]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2012; 28:1129-1132. [PMID: 23127398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate on the PTEN signaling pathway and the cell invasion in K562 cells. METHODS K562 cells were treated with different concentrations of imatinib mesylate. After different time periods, the mRNA levels of BCR/ABL, PTEN and FAK were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) to analyze their relationships. The protein level of FAK was detected by immunocytochemistry. The cell invasive ability was examined by Transwell (Boyden chamber) assay. RESULTS In the initial 36 h, the expression level of PTEN mRNA was up-regulated and the FAK mRNA was down-regulated with the reduction of BCR/ABL fusion gene expression and the cell invasive ability of K562 cells was inhibited by 2 μg/mL imatinib mesylate. 48 h later, the PTEN mRNA expression level decreased and the FAK mRNA expression level was elevated with the restore of BCR/ABL fusion gene. BCR/ABL mRNA level presented a positive correlation with PTEN mRNA expression level, and a negative correlation with FAK mRNA. CONCLUSION Tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate can regulate PTEN/FAK pathway and inhibit the leukemia K562 cell invasive ability via restraining BCR/ABL fusion gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-yong Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Baoding First Hospital, Baoding, China
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Rahmani A, Alzohairy M, Babiker AY, Rizvi MA, Elkarimahmad HG. Clinicopathological significance of PTEN and bcl2 expressions in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2012; 5:965-71. [PMID: 23119114 PMCID: PMC3484492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A high frequency of mutations at the PTEN locus has been noticed in carcinoma of oral. However, the role of PTEN alternations and its association with outcome variables in the genesis of oral carcinoma is not understood fully. The purpose of our study was to examine the impact of PTEN and Bcl2 in the genesis of squamous cell carcinoma of oral. Total numbers of 60 histopathologically confirmed cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 15 cases of inflammatory lesion of oral specimens were studied. We assessed PTEN and bcl2 overexpression by the use of anti-PTEN and anti-bcl2 antibody through immunohistochemistry as directed by the manufacturer. There was progressive loss of PTEN expression from inflammatory lesion to OSCC (p<0.05). Significant differences were found for PTEN expression between inflammatory lesion and OSCC. The difference in expression pattern of PTEN in gender did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05). The expression of bcl2 was found to be restricted to tumor cells in well and moderately differentiated tumors. The intense expression of bcl2 was observed throughout the tumor cell in poorly differentiated tumors. The overexpression of bcl2 and loss of PTEN expression were correlated to poor differentiation, lymph node involvement and late stages. Thus, alteration of PTEN and bcl2 is likely an important molecular event in pathogenesis and carcinogenesis of oral carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Rahmani
- Department of Medical laboratory science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim, University Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Panagiotou I, Tsiambas E, Lazaris AC, Kavantzas N, Konstantinou M, Kalkandi P, Ragkos V, Metaxas GE, Roukas DK, Vilaras G, Patsouris E. PTEN expression in non small cell lung carcinoma based on digitized image analysis. J BUON 2012; 17:719-723. [PMID: 23335531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE HER2 depended signalling pathway is dereg-ulated in a subset of non small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The tumor suppressor gene PTEN (10q21) regulates the HER2/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Our aim was to evaluate PTEN protein expression in NSCLC based on a quantitative analysis method correlating also the results with clinicopathological parameters. METHODS Protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 61 paraffin-embedded cases of patients with NSCLC. Digital image analysis (staining intensity levels) was performed in the corresponding immunostained slides. RESULTS Loss of PTEN expression was observed in 24 (39.34%) cases, low expression in 29 (47.54%) and overexpression in 8 (13.12%) cases. Multivariate analysis determined that PTEN overexpression was associated with lower risk to develop metastases (p=0.05). CONCLUSION PTEN deregulation is a relatively frequent genetic event in NSCLC, associated with progressive metastatic process in those patients. Because of binding to the ErbB2 receptor, trastuzumab stabilizes and activates PTEN gene, and loss of its expression negatively affects the response rates in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Panagiotou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 401 GA Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Morani F, Pagano L, Prodam F, Aimaretti G, Isidoro C. Loss of expression of the oncosuppressor PTEN in thyroid incidentalomas associates with GLUT1 plasmamembrane expression. Panminerva Med 2012; 54:59-63. [PMID: 22525560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM Molecular imaging diagnosis with FDG-PET ((18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography) can reveal the presence of un-suspected thyroid cancer that are referred to as "incidentaloma" because of the incidental finding. The glucose analogue (18)FDG is internalized in the cells by glucose transporters belonging to the GLUTs family. The surface expression of GLUT is under the control of the PI3k/Akt pathway. PTEN is an oncosuppressor frequently mutated or deleted in thyroid cancers. The lipid phosphatase activity of wild type PTEN switches off the Akt pathway. Here we tested the hypothesis that PTEN expression might affect the surface expression of GLUT1 and therefore influence the possibility of "incidental" detection of thyroid cancer based on FDG-PET. METHODS The biopsy of 8 patients, who were incidentally diagnosed with PTC by (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography, was assayed by immunofluorescence for the co-expression of the PTEN oncosuppressor and of GLUT1. RESULTS Loss of PTEN expression was detected in the majority of investigated cases (N.=6/8). Strikingly, while the two PTEN positive cases were negative for GLUT1 expression, the PTEN negative cases showed intense expression of GLUT1 at the cell surface. CONCLUSION The present observations, though made in a limited number of cases, suggest that PTEN negative thyroid cancers have high chances to be revealed as incidentalomas at FDG-PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Morani
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences, A. Avogadro University, Novara, Italy
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Tran LM, Chang CJ, Plaisier S, Wu S, Dang J, Mischel PS, Liao JC, Graeber TG, Wu H. Determining PTEN functional status by network component deduced transcription factor activities. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31053. [PMID: 22347425 PMCID: PMC3275574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN-controlled PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway represents one of the most deregulated signaling pathways in human cancers. With many small molecule inhibitors that target PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway being exploited clinically, sensitive and reliable ways of stratifying patients according to their PTEN functional status and determining treatment outcomes are urgently needed. Heterogeneous loss of PTEN is commonly associated with human cancers and yet PTEN can also be regulated on epigenetic, transcriptional or post-translational levels, which makes the use of simple protein or gene expression-based analyses in determining PTEN status less accurate. In this study, we used network component analysis to identify 20 transcription factors (TFs) whose activities deduced from their target gene expressions were immediately altered upon the re-expression of PTEN in a PTEN-inducible system. Interestingly, PTEN controls the activities (TFA) rather than the expression levels of majority of these TFs and these PTEN-controlled TFAs are substantially altered in prostate cancer mouse models. Importantly, the activities of these TFs can be used to predict PTEN status in human prostate, breast and brain tumor samples with enhanced reliability when compared to straightforward IHC-based or expression-based analysis. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that unique sets of PTEN-controlled TFAs significantly contribute to specific tumor types. Together, our findings reveal that TFAs may be used as “signatures” for predicting PTEN functional status and elucidate the transcriptional architectures underlying human cancers caused by PTEN loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh M. Tran
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Chun-Ju Chang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Seema Plaisier
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shumin Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Julie Dang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Paul S. Mischel
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - James C. Liao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas G. Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Setsu N, Yamamoto H, Kohashi K, Endo M, Matsuda S, Yokoyama R, Nishiyama K, Iwamoto Y, Dobashi Y, Oda Y. The Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway is activated and associated with adverse prognosis in soft tissue leiomyosarcomas. Cancer 2011; 118:1637-48. [PMID: 21837670 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway mediates cell survival and proliferation and contributes to tumor progression. Soft tissue leiomyosarcoma continues to show poor prognosis, and little is known about its mechanisms of tumor progression. Here the authors investigated the significance of activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway in soft tissue leiomyosarcomas. METHODS The phosphorylation status of Akt, mTOR, S6, and the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein (4E-BP1) and the protein expression of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) were assessed by immunohistochemistry in 145 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of soft tissue leiomyosarcoma including 129 primary tumors. The expression of phosphorylated Akt and mTOR in comparison with their total forms was assessed by Western blot analysis in 13 frozen samples, which were paired with normal tissue samples. Moreover, 39 frozen tumor samples were analyzed for PIK3CA and AKT1 gene mutation. RESULTS Immunohistochemically, phosphorylated forms of Akt, mTOR, S6, and 4E-BP1 were positive in 78.3%, 72.6%, 74.5%, and 70.5% of the samples, respectively. These results were correlated with each other, and associated with higher mitotic activity and adverse prognosis. Decreased expression of PTEN was recognized in only 19.7% and had no statistically significant correlation with Akt or other molecules. Immunoblotting showed a high degree of Akt and mTOR phosphorylation in tumor samples compared with that in non-neoplastic tissue. Mutational analysis failed to reveal any PIK3CA or AKT1 mutations around the hot spots. CONCLUSIONS The Akt/mTOR pathway was activated in most cases of soft tissue leiomyosarcoma and associated with worse clinical behavior and aggressive pathological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nokitaka Setsu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Protasova AÉ, Raskin GA, Orlova RV, Protasov DA, Tiukavina NV. [Use of liquid-based endometrial cytology in breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen]. Vopr Onkol 2011; 57:675-679. [PMID: 22238943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-four (54) breast cancer patients, receiving tamoxifen, were enrolled into an evaluation of the status of the endometrium. Liquid-based cytology and immuno-cytochemical analysis were used for assessment. Our method proved viable in selective screening for differential diagnosis of endometrial pathology and cancer detection.
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Milovanovic Z, Dzodic R, Susnjar S, Plesinac-Karapandzic V, Juranic Z, Tatic S. PTEN protein expression in postmenopausal steroid receptor positive early breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen. J BUON 2011; 16:46-51. [PMID: 21674849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since one of possible causes of resistance to antiestrogen therapy in steroid receptor positive (SR+) breast cancer (BC) patients is an alteration of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) signaling pathways, the aim of this study was to determine the PTEN protein expression in postmenopausal patients with steroid SR+ BC treated with adjuvant tamoxifen, to investigate the association of PTEN protein expression with tumor histology, size and grade, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) statuses and disease outcome. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of 78 postmenopausal stage I/II SR(+)BC patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen. PTEN protein expression and ER, PR and HER2 status were determined using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The distribution of PTEN protein expression according to tumor histology was as follows: PTEN+ status in 27/43 (62.8%) patients with ductal and in 26/35 (74.3%) patients with lobular carcinomas; and PTEN(-) status in 16/43 (37.2%) patients with ductal and in 9/35 (25.7%) patients with lobular carcinomas. Disease relapse was observed in 38/78 patients: 14/53 (26.4%) of PTEN(+) BC subgroup and 24/25 (96%) of PTEN(-) subgroup (x(2), p=0.018). There were no significant associations between PTEN protein expression and tumor histology, size and grade, and ER, PR and HER2 expression. Patients with PTEN(-) had significantly shorter disease-free interval (DFI) and overall survival (OS) (for both, log rank test, p <0.01) compared to PTEN(+) BC patients. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PTEN protein expression might be of prognostic significance in postmenopausal SR(+) BC patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Milovanovic
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Levitskaia NV, Pozharisskiĭ KM, Alekseeva LN, Kharitonova TV, Matrosova IV, Poddubnaia IV. [Carcinosarcoma of the corpus uteri: potential of p53, PTEN and COX-2 expression for survival]. Vopr Onkol 2011; 57:204-212. [PMID: 21809666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Clinico-morphological and immunohistochemical examinations were carried out in 46 patients with carcinocarcinoma of the corpus uteri to evaluate p53, PTEN and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in mesenchymal and epithelial cells of tumor. p53 expression in the epithelium and that of COX-2 in both compartments appeared to be unfavorable prognosticators of survival while that of PTEN is a lesser one in significance.
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Korolenkova LI, Stepanova EV, Ermilova VD, Baryshnikov AI, Briuzgin VV. [Ki-67 expression, thymidine phosphorylase and PTEN in intraepithelial cervical carcinoma]. Vopr Onkol 2011; 57:199-203. [PMID: 21809665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Expression of Ki-67, thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and PTEN were assessed in various grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in order to evaluate their potentials of predicting the gravity of possible damage to the epithelium as well as pro- or regression of CIN. Ki-67 and TP levels were shown to correlate directly with CIN grade. It was suggested that a small number of cases of Ki-67 and TP expression absence (15%), exclusively in CIN3 samples, be due to imminent progression to invasive cancer. Both separately and in combination, Ki-67 and TP expression indices should be regarded as having a potential as markers for cervical carcinoma diagnosis, grade and clinical course.
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Huang LC, Ye JC, Hsieh CH, Chen LM, Lin TY, Hung YC, Chang WC. PTEN, tau-AP-3, thymidylate synthase immunohistochemistry scoring expression in patients with uterine leiomyomas, uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignancy potential and uterine leiomyosarcomas. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2011; 32:496-499. [PMID: 22053660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Uterine smooth muscle tumors are frequently classified as benign and malignant. However, an assortment of mitotic counts and nuclear atypia can be indecisive between uncertain malignant potential, and malignant uterine smooth muscle tumors. We applied three immunohistochemical parameters to distinguish between cases of benign, malignant, and those with uncertain malignant histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Liu S, Yang Z, Wei H, Shen W, Liu J, Yin Q, Li X, Yi J. Increased DJ-1 and its prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology 2010; 57:1247-1256. [PMID: 21410067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To investigate the expression profile of DJ-1 gene and its clinical relevance and prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODOLOGY Specimens from 149 HCC patients were applied for DJ-1 expression through immunohistochemistry. The correlation of DJ-1 levels with clinicopathologic variables and prognosis was analyzed. 32 paired HCC and para-carcinomatous liver tissue (PCLT) specimens from 149 HCC patients plus 10 hepatic cirrhosis specimens and 10 normal liver specimens were detected by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. RESULTS DJ-1 was up-regulated significantly in HCC by semi-quantitative PCR and Western blot. DJ-1 expression closely correlated with preoperative AFP, liver cirrhosis, vein invasion, differentiation and Edmondson grade in HCCs by Pearson Chi-square test. Both of tumor-free survival time and overall survival time in the DJ-1 high expression group were shorter than those in the low expression group. DJ-1 was adopted as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival of HCC patients through multivariate Cox proportional hazard model analysis (HR, 2.568; p = 0.003). Additionally, immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that expression of DJ-1 negatively correlated with expression of tumor suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) in HCC (r = -0.836; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS DJ-1 expression is significantly upregulated in HCC, and its expression level correlates with clinicopathological variables and prognosis of HCC patients, which suggests that DJ-1 maybe a candidate prognostic biomarker of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunfang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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Block M, Fister S, Emons G, Seeber S, Gründker C, Günthert AR. Antiproliferative effects of antiestrogens and inhibitors of growth factor receptor signaling on endometrial cancer cells. Anticancer Res 2010; 30:2025-2031. [PMID: 20651347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM In patients with advanced estrogen-dependent type I endometrial cancer (EC), pharmacological treatment with progestins or antiestrogens is recommended, but primary and secondary resistance are common. The aim of our study was to investigate single-agent and dual-agent therapeutic strategies in estrogen receptor-positive human EC cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human EC cells Ishikawa and HEC1A were cultivated under estrogen-reduced conditions and exposed to 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT), fulvestrant, gefitinib, everolimus, and the AKT inhibitor perifosine. Effects of drugs were analyzed by proliferation and apoptosis assays. Additionally, we analyzed expression of aromatase, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), AKT and pAKT and G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30). RESULTS Neither OHT nor fulvestrant inhibited cell growth, nor did they induce apoptosis. Gefitinib, everolimus and perifosine inhibited proliferation in all cell lines. Only perifosine induced apoptosis. In PTEN-positive HEC1A cells, combined treatment of gefitinib plus OHT showed increased antiproliferative effects. In Ishikawa cells, combined treatment of everolimus plus gefitinib had synergistic antiproliferative effects. The most effective single-agent treatment and the only drug that induced apoptosis was perifosine. Activation of AKT had no predictive value for the effects perifosine. Due to mutation of PTEN, activated AKT was highly expressed in Ishikawa cells and scarcely detectable in HEC1A cells. CONCLUSION Under estrogen-reduced conditions, growth of ER-positive EC cells can be reduced by inhibitors of AKT, mTOR and the erbB pathway, whereas antiestrogens have no effects. In PTEN-positive HEC1A cells, the absence of estradiol probably restores OHT-induced ER-mediated repression of nuclear co-activators and increases susceptibility to inhibitors of the erbB pathway. In PTEN-negative Ishikawa cells, OHT in combination with any drug had no effects, but inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by everolimus in combination with gefitinib showed synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Block
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
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Bochkareva NV, Kolomiets LA, Chernyshova AL, Stukanov SL, Savenkova OV. [Evaluation of risk of progression of endometrial hyperplasia in patients with metabolic syndrome]. Vopr Onkol 2010; 56:617-622. [PMID: 21137246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A mathematical model based on principles of multifactor analysis was developed to predict clinical outcome of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) in patients with metabolic syndrome (80). Seventy-seven factors--anthropometric, clinical, anamnestic, hormono-metabolic, immunohistochemical, etc.--were included. Evaluation of the most informative indices integrated with the discriminative model showed that anthropometric (waist and hip circumference, sagittal diameter, etc.) and clinico-anamnestic (age, age of secondary sexual characters appearance, body weight at birth, suckling pattern, etc.) ones are of similar significance. A profile of hormono-metabolic parameters (cholesterol-low density lipoprotein, leptin, testosterone, progesterone and fasting glucose levels) helped identify a wide range of EH-related disorders in patients with metabolic syndrome. Consistently with the literature data, level of PTEN expression pointed to the presence of this tumor's suppressor in most EH cases which was matched by absence of its expression in endometrial carcinoma. Our model provided high sensitivity (89%) and specificity (82%) in predicting risk of progression in patients with endometrial hyperplasia and metabolic syndrome.
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Molinari F, Martin V, Saletti P, De Dosso S, Spitale A, Camponovo A, Bordoni A, Crippa S, Mazzucchelli L, Frattini M. Differing deregulation of EGFR and downstream proteins in primary colorectal cancer and related metastatic sites may be clinically relevant. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:1087-94. [PMID: 19293803 PMCID: PMC2669991 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab and panitumumab efficacy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) may be influenced by EGFR gene status and/or deregulation of its downstream signalling proteins detected in primary tumour. However, metastasis might have different molecular patterns with respect to primary tumour, possibly affecting the prediction of EGFR-targeted therapy efficacy. We analysed primary tumour and metastasis in 38 mCRC patients. Twelve cases were cetuximab/panitumumab treated. EGFR gene status and protein expression were investigated through fluorescent in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry (IHC), K-Ras/BRAF mutations by sequencing and PTEN expression by IHC. We observed EGFR gene deregulation in 25 out of 36 primary tumours and 29 out of 36 metastases, K-Ras mutations in 16 out of 37 cancers and in 15 out of 37 metastases, BRAF mutations in 2 out of 36 cancers and 2 out of 36 metastases and PTEN loss in 8 out of 38 cancers and 12 out of 38 metastases. For the first time in literature, we show that primary colorectal cancer and paired metastasis may exhibit difference with respect to EGFR pathway deregulation mechanisms possibly implying a different response to cetuximab or panitumumab treatment. The investigation of treated patients confirms this hypothesis. We therefore suggest that the analysis of metastatic lesion should be considered in patient management as well as in designing future clinical trials aimed to investigate the effect of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Molinari
- Institute of Pathology, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - V Martin
- Institute of Pathology, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - P Saletti
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - S De Dosso
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - A Spitale
- Ticino Cancer Registry, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - A Camponovo
- Institute of Pathology, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - A Bordoni
- Ticino Cancer Registry, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - S Crippa
- Institute of Pathology, Locarno, Switzerland
| | | | - M Frattini
- Institute of Pathology, Locarno, Switzerland
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