1
|
Su P, Ding S, Wang D, Kan W, Yuan M, Chen X, Tang C, Hou J, Wu L. Plant morphology, secondary metabolites and chlorophyll fluorescence of Artemisia argyi under different LED environments. Photosynth Res 2024; 159:153-164. [PMID: 37204684 PMCID: PMC10197053 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Different light spectra from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) trigger species-specific adaptive responses in plants. We exposed Artemisia argyi (A. argyi) to four LED spectra: white (the control group), monochromatic red light (R), monochromatic blue light (B), or a mixture of R and B light of photon flux density ratio is 3 (RB), with equivalent photoperiod (14 h) and light intensity (160 μmol s-1 m-2). R light accelerated photomorphogenesis but decreased biomass, while B light significantly increased leaf area and short-term exposure (7 days) to B light increased total phenols and flavonoids. HPLC identified chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, gallic acid, jaceosidin, eupatilin, and taxol compounds, with RB and R light significantly accumulating chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and gallic acid, and B light promoting jaceosidin, eupatilin, and taxol. OJIP measurements showed that B light had the least effect on the effective quantum yield ΦPSII, with higher rETR(II), Fv/Fm, qL and PIabs, followed by RB light. R light led to faster photomorphology but lower biomass than RB and B lights and produced the most inadaptability, as shown by reduced ΦPSII and enlarged ΦNPQ and ΦNO. Overall, short-term B light promoted secondary metabolite production while maintaining effective quantum yield and less energy dissipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Su
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Ding
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Dacheng Wang
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Kan
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Yuan
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Chen
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiguo Tang
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Hou
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lifang Wu
- The Center for Ion Beam Bioengineering & Green Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Zhongke Taihe Experimental Station, Taihe, 236626, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kiran NR, Narayanan AK, Mohapatra S, Gupta P, Nagegowda DA. Analysis of root volatiles and functional characterization of a root-specific germacrene A synthase in Artemisia pallens. Planta 2024; 259:58. [PMID: 38308700 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that Artemisia pallens roots can be a source of terpene-rich essential oil and root-specific ApTPS1 forms germacrene A contributing to major root volatiles. Davana (Artemisia pallens Bess) is a valuable aromatic herb within the Asteraceae family, highly prized for its essential oil (EO) produced in the aerial parts. However, the root volatile composition, and the genes responsible for root volatiles have remained unexplored until now. Here, we show that A. pallens roots possess distinct oil bodies and yields ~ 0.05% of EO, which is primarily composed of sesquiterpenes β-elemene, neryl isovalerate, β-selinene, and α-selinene, and trace amounts of monoterpenes β-myrcene, D-limonene. This shows that, besides aerial parts, roots of davana can also be a source of unique EO. Moreover, we functionally characterized a terpene synthase (ApTPS1) that exhibited high in silico expression in the root transcriptome. The recombinant ApTPS1 showed the formation of β-elemene and germacrene A with E,E-farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) as a substrate. Detailed analysis of assay products revealed that β-elemene was the thermal rearrangement product of germacrene A. The functional expression of ApTPS1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae confirmed the in vivo germacrene A synthase activity of ApTPS1. At the transcript level, ApTPS1 displayed predominant expression in roots, with significantly lower level of expression in other tissues. This expression pattern of ApTPS1 positively correlated with the tissue-specific accumulation level of germacrene A. Overall, these findings provide fundamental insights into the EO profile of davana roots, and the contribution of ApTPS1 in the formation of a major root volatile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N R Kiran
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-CIMAP Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Ananth Krishna Narayanan
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-CIMAP Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Soumyajit Mohapatra
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-CIMAP Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Dinesh A Nagegowda
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-CIMAP Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yuan Hsieh DJ, Islam MN, Kuo WW, Shibu MA, Lai CH, Lin PY, Lin SZ, Chen MYC, Huang CY. A combination of isoliquiritigenin with Artemisia argyi and Ohwia caudata water extracts attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis by modulating Nrf2/Ho-1 signaling pathways in SD rats with doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity. Environ Toxicol 2023; 38:3026-3042. [PMID: 37661764 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Ohwia caudata (Thunb.) H. Ohashi (Leguminosae) also called as "Evergreen shrub" and Artemisia argyi H.Lév. and Vaniot (Compositae) also named as "Chinese mugwort" those two-leaf extracts frequently used as herbal medicine, especially in south east Asia and eastern Asia. Anthracyclines such as doxorubicin (DOX) are commonly used as effective chemotherapeutic drugs in anticancer therapy around the world. However, chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, dilated cardiomyopathy, and congestive heart failure are seen in patients who receive DOX therapy, with the mechanisms underlying DOX-induced cardiac toxicity remaining unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and cardiomyocytes have been shown to play crucial roles in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL, 10 mg/kg) is a bioactive flavonoid compound with protective effects against inflammation, neurodegeneration, cancer, and diabetes. Here, in this study, our aim is to find out the Artemisia argyi (AA) and Ohwia caudata (OC) leaf extract combination with Isoliquiritigenin in potentiating and complementing effect against chemo drug side effect to ameliorate cardiac damage and improve the cardiac function. In this study, we showed that a combination of low (AA 300 mg/kg; OC 100 mg/kg) and high-dose(AA 600 mg/kg; OC 300 mg/kg) AA and OC water extract with ISL activated the cell survival-related AKT/PI3K signaling pathway in DOX-treated cardiac tissue leading to the upregulation of the antioxidant markers SOD, HO-1, and Keap-1 and regulated mitochondrial dysfunction through the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Moreover, the water extract of AA and OC with ISL inhibited the inflammatory response genes IL-6 and IL-1β, possibly through the NFκB/AKT/PI3K/p38α/NRLP3 signaling pathways. The water extract of AA and OC with ISL could be a potential herbal drug treatment for cardiac hypertrophy, inflammatory disease, and apoptosis, which can lead to sudden heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Jine Yuan Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondria Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- PhD Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chin-Hu Lai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Armed Force General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Yu Lin
- Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Michael Yu-Chih Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondria Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen J, Wu S, Wu R, Ai H, Lu X, Wang J, Luo Y, Li L, Cao J. Essential oil from Artemisia argyi alleviated liver disease in zebrafish (Danio rerio) via the gut-liver axis. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 140:108962. [PMID: 37488037 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The popularity of intensive fish farming has led to the emergence of fish diseases characterized by hepatobiliary syndrome. Artemisia argyi (A. argyi) essential oils have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. However, their alleviating effects and mechanism on liver disease in fish are still unclear. Thus, adult zebrafish were used to construct an animal model to observe histopathological damages, determine biochemical parameters and expression of inflammatory cytokines and mRNAs in the PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway, and conduct 16 S sequencing of intestinal microbiota. The results found that after treatment with A. argyi essential oil, the histopathological damage caused by ethanol was relieved; the CAT, SOD, and GSH levels were remarkably elevated, while the MDA level was obviously lowered (P < 0.05); the expression levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ mRNAs were enhanced, but the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, PPAR-γ, NF-κB, and TNF-α mRNAs were reduced (P < 0.05) relative to the EtOH group. A. argyi essential oil remarkably attenuated the damage to intestinal tissue structure, and elevated the levels of Muc2, ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin mRNA (P < 0.05). Sequencing of the gut flora showed that A. argyi essential oil significantly altered the composition of gut microbes compared with the EtOH group. In addition, KEGG and COG analyses also showed significant (P < 0.05) changes in acetate cycling metabolism in the EtOH group, catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase and nitroreductase were significantly increased (P < 0.001), and lipid metabolism and terpenoid synthesis were significantly elevated (P < 0.001) in A. argyi essential oil group. The results indicate that A. argyi essential oil could effectively relieve ethanol-caused histopathological damage of livers by modulating the composition of gut microbiota, thus inhibiting the level of IL-1β and mRNAs in the PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway, increasing the IL-10 level, reducing the oxidative stress. This may offer a rationale for further research on the rationality of A. argyi as a substitute for feed antibiotics in aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjie Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Honghu Ai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Xingru Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Yongju Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- College of Food and Environment, Jinzhong College of Information, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Jinling Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Meng R, Wu S, Chen J, Cao J, Li L, Feng C, Liu J, Luo Y, Huang Z. Alleviating effects of essential oil from Artemisia vulgaris on enteritis in zebrafish via modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 131:323-341. [PMID: 36228879 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia vulgaris (A. vulgaris) is a traditional Chinese medicine widely distributed in China and contains many bioactive compounds with pharmacological effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of essential oil from A. vulgaris on enteritis in fish are still unclear. In this study, in order to elucidate the underlying mechanism of essential oil from A. vulgaris on zebrafish enteritis, zebrafish were used for establishing animal models to observe the histopathological changes of intestines, determine the activities of immune-related enzymes and oxidative stress indicators, and the mRNA expression of genes in MyD88/TRAF6/NF-KB signaling pathways. The results showed that different doses of A. vulgaris essential oil could effectively alleviate zebrafish enteritis in a dose- and time-dependent manner by improving the intestinal histopathological damage, decreasing the intestinal oxidative stress, repairing the intestinal immune ability, changing the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-10 and genes in MyD88/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway. In addition, co-treatment with oxazolone and MyD88 inhibitor could alleviate the morphological damage, the induction of oxidative stress, and the levels of immune-related enzymes and the mRNA expression of genes in MyD88/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, essential oil from A. vulgaris had more significantly therapeutic effects on enteritis of male zebrafish than that of female zebrafish. This result will clarify the therapeutic effect and anti-inflammatory mechanism of essential oil from A. vulgaris on zebrafish enteritis, and provide a theoretical basis for further research on the rationality of A. vulgaris to replace feed antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Jianjie Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China.
| | - Jinling Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China.
| | - Lijuan Li
- College of Food and Environment, Jinzhong College of Information, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Cuiping Feng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Yongju Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Zhibing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Fevelopment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang W, Shao F, Wang J, Shen T, Zhao Y, Fu X, Zhang L, Li H. Ethyl Acetate Extract from Artemisia argyi Prevents Liver Damage in ConA-Induced Immunological Liver Injury Mice via Bax/Bcl-2 and TLR4/MyD88/NF- κB Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227883. [PMID: 36431983 PMCID: PMC9693258 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunological liver injury (ILI) is a common liver disease and lacks potent drugs for treatment. Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant. (A. argyi), a medicinal and edible homologous plant usually used in diet therapy to cure various liver diseases, provides a great option for the prevention of ILI. PURPOSE To investigate the effect that ethyl acetate extract of A. argyi (AaEA) on Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced ILI and the mechanism of regulating Bax/Bcl-2 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways. METHODS The chemical components of AaEA were studied by LC-MS. In animal experiments, the positive control group was administrated diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DIG, 100 mg/kg), while different doses of AaEA groups (AaEA-H, AaEA-M, AaEA-L) were pretreated with AaEA 2.00, 1.00, and 0.50 g/kg, respectively, by intragastric for seven days, once every day. Then, ConA (12.00 mg/kg) was used through tail intravenous injection to establish the ILI model. The blood samples and livers were collected to test the degree of liver dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, histopathological changes, and cell apoptosis. Real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis were used to explain the mechanism of regulating Bax/Bcl-2 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways. RESULTS The way in which AaEA prevents liver damage in immunological liver injury (ILI) mice caused by ConA was investigated for the first time. Pretreatment with AaEA reduced the expression of ALT, AST, and inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IFN-γ). Meanwhile, AaEA also reduced MDA levels but upregulated the contents of IL-4, SOD, and GSH-px, alleviating oxidative stress induced by ILI. Western blotting and real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that AaEA could regulate the expression level and relative mRNA expression of key proteins on Bax/Bcl-2 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways. Finally, 504 components from AaEA were identified by LC-MS analysis, mainly including flavones, phenolic acids, and terpenoids with anti-inflammatory and liver protective activities, which highlights the potential of AaEA for diet treatment of ILI. CONCLUSION AaEA can work against ConA-induced ILI in mice by regulating Bax/Bcl-2 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways, which has the potential to be a great strategy for the prevention of ILI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Fei Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jiexin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Tong Shen
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xueyan Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Hangying Li
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu CW, Wu CC, Chiu KM, Lee MY, Lin TY, Wang SJ. Inhibition of Synaptic Glutamate Exocytosis and Prevention of Glutamate Neurotoxicity by Eupatilin from Artemisia argyi in the Rat Cortex. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13406. [PMID: 36362193 PMCID: PMC9657139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of synaptic glutamate release to maintain glutamate homeostasis contributes to the alleviation of neuronal cell injury, and accumulating evidence suggests that natural products can repress glutamate levels and associated excitotoxicity. In this study, we investigated whether eupatilin, a constituent of Artemisia argyi, affected glutamate release in rat cortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes). Additionally, we evaluated the effect of eupatilin in an animal model of kainic acid (KA) excitotoxicity, particularly on the levels of glutamate and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits (GluN2A and GluN2B). We found that eupatilin decreased depolarization-evoked glutamate release from rat cortical synaptosomes and that this effect was accompanied by a reduction in cytosolic Ca2+ elevation, inhibition of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels, decreased synapsin I Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation and no detectable effect on the membrane potential. In a KA-induced glutamate excitotoxicity rat model, the administration of eupatilin before KA administration prevented neuronal cell degeneration, glutamate elevation, glutamate-generating enzyme glutaminase increase, excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) decrease, GluN2A protein decrease and GluN2B protein increase in the rat cortex. Taken together, the results suggest that eupatilin depresses glutamate exocytosis from cerebrocortical synaptosomes by decreasing P/Q-type Ca2+ channels and synapsin I phosphorylation and alleviates glutamate excitotoxicity caused by KA by preventing glutamatergic alterations in the rat cortex. Thus, this study suggests that eupatilin can be considered a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of brain impairment associated with glutamate excitotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ming Chiu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Su-Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen JK, Kuo CH, Kuo WW, Day CH, Wang TF, Ho TJ, Lin PY, Lin SZ, Shih TC, Shih CY, Huang CY, Lu CY. Artemisia argyi extract ameliorates IL-17A-induced inflammatory response by regulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 expression in HIG-82 synoviocytes. Environ Toxicol 2022; 37:2793-2803. [PMID: 35959841 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease that results in joint destruction and disability in the adult population. RA is characterized by the accumulation and proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Many pro-inflammatory mediators are associated with RA, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Furthermore, IL-17 upregulates the production of other pro-inflammatory mediators, including IL-1β and IL-6, and promotes the recruitment of neutrophils in RA. Artemisia argyi, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is used for the treatment of diseases associated with inflammation and microbial infections. In this study, synoviocytes (HIG-82) were treated with varying doses of A. argyi extract (AAE) following IL-17A stimulation. Proliferation of the IL-17A-stimulated cells was increased compared to that of the non-stimulated control cells. However, cell proliferation decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner following AAE treatment. Treatment of IL-17A-stimulated cells with AAE resulted in decreased levels of phosphorylated (p)-NF-κB, p-IκB-α, and COX-2. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed that IL-1β and IL-6 levels were increased in the IL-17A-stimulated group but decreased in the AAE treatment group. Additionally, we found that AAE facilitated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and promoted its nuclear translocation, thereby inducing the expression of heme oxygenase-1. Moreover, AAE did not attenuate IL-17A-induced inflammatory mediator production in the presence of ML385, an Nrf2-specific inhibitor. These results suggest that the downregulation of expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the transcription factor NF-κB by AAE may be a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing inflammation associated with RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jhong-Kuei Chen
- Integration of Chinese Medicine and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Tso-Fu Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Integration of Chinese Medicine and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Yu Lin
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Charity Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ching Shih
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-You Lu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Suvaithenamudhan S, Ananth S, Mariappan V, Dhayabaran VV, Parthasarathy S, Ganesh PS, Shankar EM. In Silico Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds of Artemisia pallens Targeting the Efflux Protein of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (LAC-4 Strain). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165188. [PMID: 36014428 PMCID: PMC9414700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is one of the major representative aetiologies of recalcitrant nosocomial infections. Genotypic and phenotypic alterations in A. baumannii have resulted in a significant surge in multidrug resistance (MDR). Of all the factors responsible for the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), efflux protein pumps play a paramount role. In pursuit of a safe alternative for the prevention and control of A. baumannii infections, bioactive compounds from the aerial parts of the medicinal plant Artemisia pallens were studied. GC-MS analysis of the ethanol extract of A. pallens detected five major compounds: lilac alcohol A, spathulenol, lilac alcohol C, n-hexadecanoic acid, and vulgarin. In silico examinations were performed using the Schrödinger suite. Homology modelling was performed to predict the structure of the efflux protein of A. baumannii-LAC-4 strain (MDR Ab-EP). The identified bioactive compounds were analysed for their binding efficiency with MDR Ab-EP. High binding efficiency was observed with vulgarin with a glide score of −4.775 kcal/mol and stereoisomers of lilac alcohol A (−3.706 kcal/mol) and lilac alcohol C (−3.706 kcal/mol). Our molecular dynamic simulation studies unveiled the stability of the ligand–efflux protein complex. Vulgarin and lilac alcohol A possessed strong and stable binding efficiency with MDR Ab-EP. Furthermore, validation of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties of the ligands strongly suggested that these compounds could serve as a lead molecule in the development of an alternate drug from A. pallens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suvaiyarasan Suvaithenamudhan
- Infection Biology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610 005, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (V.M.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Sivapunniyam Ananth
- Sivan Bioscience Research and Training Laboratory, Kumbakonam 612 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vanitha Mariappan
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (V.M.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Victor Violet Dhayabaran
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli 620 017, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subbiah Parthasarathy
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pitchaipillai Sankar Ganesh
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Esaki Muthu Shankar
- Infection Biology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610 005, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (V.M.); (E.M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moulahoum H, Ghorbanizamani F, Khiari Z, Toumi M, Benazzoug Y, Tok K, Timur S, Zihnioglu F. Artemisia alleviates AGE-induced liver complications via MAPK and RAGE signaling pathways modulation: a combinatorial study. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2345-2357. [PMID: 35543857 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04437-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Artemisia herba-alba (AHA) is a traditionally used plant to treat various diseases, including diabetes and metabolic dysfunctions. Plant extracts are generally explored empirically without a deeper assessment of their mechanism of action. Here, we describe a combinatorial study of biochemical, molecular, and bioinformatic (metabolite-protein pharmacology network) analyses to elucidate the mechanism of action of AHA and shed light on its multilevel effects in the treatment of diabetes-related advanced glycation end-products (AGE)-induced liver damages. The extract's polyphenols and flavonoids content were measured and then identified via LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Active compounds were used to generate a metabolite-target interaction network via Swiss Target Prediction and other databases. The extract was tested for its antiglycation and aggregation properties. Next, THLE-2 liver cells were challenged with AGEs, and the mechanistic markers were measured [TNF-α, IL-6, nitric oxide, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and caspase 3]. Metabolite and network screening showed the involvement of AHA in diabetes, glycation, liver diseases, aging, and apoptosis. Experimental confirmation showed that AHA inhibited protein modification and AGE formation. Additionally, AHA reduced inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNFα), oxidative stress markers (NO, LPO), and apoptosis (Caspase 3). On the other hand, cellular total antioxidant capacity was restored to normal levels. The combinatorial study showed that AHA regulates AGE-induced liver damages through MAPK-AKT and AGE-RAGE signaling pathways. This report highlights the combination of experimental and network pharmacology for the exact elucidation of AHA mechanism of action as a multitarget option in the therapy of diabetes and AGEs-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Moulahoum
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Faezeh Ghorbanizamani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zineb Khiari
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Natural Substances, Department of Natural Sciences, Higher Normal School Kouba, Vieux-Kouba, BP No. 92, 16308, Algiers, Algeria
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (BCM), Biochemistry & extracellular matrix remodelling, Faculty of Biological Sciences (FSB), USTHB, El Alia. Bab Ezzouar, BP 31, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Toumi
- Laboratory of REVIECO, Faculty of Sciences, University of Algiers 1, Benyoucef Benkhedda, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Yasmina Benazzoug
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (BCM), Biochemistry & extracellular matrix remodelling, Faculty of Biological Sciences (FSB), USTHB, El Alia. Bab Ezzouar, BP 31, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Kerem Tok
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Suna Timur
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
- Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratory Application and Research Center, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Figen Zihnioglu
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cui Z, Li M, Han X, Liu H, Li C, Peng H, Liu D, Huang X, Zhang Z. Morphogenesis, ultrastructure, and chemical profiling of trichomes in Artemisia argyi H. Lév. & Vaniot (Asteraceae). Planta 2022; 255:102. [PMID: 35412154 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glandular trichomes of Artemisia argyi H. Lév. & Vaniot are the key tissues for the production of flavonoid and terpenoid metabolites. Artemisia argyi H. Lév. & Vaniot is an herbaceous perennial plant that has been widely used in traditional medicine for thousands of years. Glandular trichomes (GTs) and nonglandular trichomes (NGTs) have been reported on the leaf surface of A. argyi. The aim of this study was to elucidate the morphogenetic process and to analyze the metabolites of trichomes in A. argyi. The morphogenesis of GTs and NGTs was characterized using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The constituents of GTs were analyzed using laser microdissection combined with gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Five developmental stages of two types of GTs and four developmental stages of one type of NGTs were observed. Two types of mature GT and one type of NGT were composed of 10, 5, and 4-6 cells, respectively. A large storage cavity was detected between the cuticle and cell walls in the first type of mature GT. Large nuclei, nucleoli, and mitochondria were observed in the basal and intermediate cells of the second type of GT. In addition, large vacuoles were observed in the basal and apical cells, and large nuclei were observed in the middle cells of NGTs. One monoterpene and seven flavonoids were identified in GTs of A. argyi. We suggest that GTs are the key tissues for the production of bioactive metabolites in A. argyi. This study provides an important theoretical basis and technical approach for clarifying the regulatory mechanisms for trichome development and bioactive metabolite biosynthesis in A. argyi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhu Cui
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Mengzhi Li
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China
| | - Xiaojing Han
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Chao Li
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China
| | - Huasheng Peng
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Dahui Liu
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xianzhang Huang
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China.
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Suleimen YM, Jose RA, Suleimen RN, Arenz C, Ishmuratova MY, Toppet S, Dehaen W, Alsfouk BA, Elkaeed EB, Eissa IH, Metwaly AM. Jusanin, a New Flavonoid from Artemisia commutata with an In Silico Inhibitory Potential against the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease. Molecules 2022; 27:1636. [PMID: 35268738 PMCID: PMC8911936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A new flavonoid, Jusanin, (1) has been isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia commutata. The chemical structure of Jusanin has been elucidated using 1D, 2D NMR, and HR-Ms spectroscopic methods to be 5,2',4'-trihydroxy-6,7,5'-trimethoxyflavone. Being new in nature, the inhibition potential of 1 has been estimated against SARS-CoV-2 using different in silico techniques. Firstly, molecular similarity and fingerprint studies have been conducted for Jusanin against co-crystallized ligands of eight different SARS-CoV-2 essential proteins. The studies indicated the similarity between 1 and X77, the co-crystallized ligand SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDB ID: 6W63). To confirm the obtained results, a DFT study was carried out and indicated the similarity of (total energy, HOMO, LUMO, gap energy, and dipole moment) between 1 and X77. Accordingly, molecular docking studies of 1 against the target enzyme have been achieved and showed that 1 bonded correctly in the protein's active site with a binding energy of -19.54 Kcal/mol. Additionally, in silico ADMET in addition to the toxicity evaluation of Jusanin against seven models have been preceded and indicated the general safety and the likeness of Jusanin to be a drug. Finally, molecular dynamics simulation studies were applied to investigate the dynamic behavior of the Mpro-Jusanin complex and confirmed the correct binding at 100 ns. In addition to 1, three other metabolites have been isolated and identified to be сapillartemisin A (2), methyl-3-[S-hydroxyprenyl]-cumarate (3), and β-sitosterol (4).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yerlan M. Suleimen
- The International Centre for Interdisciplinary Solutions on Antibiotics and Secondary Metabolites, Republican Collection of Microorganisms, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
- The Laboratory of Engineering Profile of NMR Spectroscopy, Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau University, Kokshetau 020000, Kazakhstan
| | - Rani A. Jose
- Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Catholic University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (R.A.J.); (S.T.); (W.D.)
- Department of Chemistry, St. Dominic’s College, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kanjirappally 686512, India
| | - Raigul N. Suleimen
- Department of Technical Physics, Faculty of Physics and Technology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010010, Kazakhstan
| | - Christoph Arenz
- Institut für Chemie der Humboldt-Universität zu, D-12489 Berlin, Germany;
| | | | - Suzanne Toppet
- Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Catholic University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (R.A.J.); (S.T.); (W.D.)
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Catholic University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (R.A.J.); (S.T.); (W.D.)
| | - Bshra A. Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Eslam B. Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ibrahim H. Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Metwaly
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
El Ouahdani K, Es-safi I, Mechchate H, Al-zahrani M, Qurtam AA, Aleissa M, Bari A, Bousta D. Thymus algeriensis and Artemisia herba-alba Essential Oils: Chemical Analysis, Antioxidant Potential and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic Activities, and Acute Toxicity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226780. [PMID: 34833872 PMCID: PMC8625911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of bioactive molecules of natural origin is a focus of current research. Thymus algeriensis and Artemisia herba-alba are two medicinal plants widely used by the Moroccan population in the traditional treatment of several pathologies linked to inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the single and combined antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the essential oils extracted from these two medicinal plants, and also their potential toxicity. Essential oils were extracted using hydro-distillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by two methods: the scavenging of the free radical DPPH, and the reduction in iron. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by evaluating the edema development induced by carrageenan injecting, while the analgesic power was evaluated according to the number of abdominal contortions induced by the intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid (0.7%). The acute oral toxicity was performed to assess the potential toxicity of the studied EOs, followed by an analysis of the blood biochemical parameters. The results of the two antioxidant tests indicated that our extract mixture exhibits good iron reduction capacity and very interesting DPPH free radical scavenging power, with an IC50 of around 4.38 ± 0.98 μg/mL higher than that of the benchmark antioxidant, BHT. The anti-inflammatory test demonstrated that the mixture administered orally at a dose of 150 mg/kg has a better activity, exceeding that of 1% Diclofenac, with a percentage of maximum inhibition of the edema of 89.99 ± 4.08. The number of cramps in the mice treated with the mixture at a dose of 150 mg/kg is significantly lower (29.80 ± 1.92) than those of the group treated with Tramadol (42.00 ± 2.70), respectively. The toxicity results show no signs of toxicity with an LD50 greater than 150 mg/Kg. These interesting results show that the two plants’ EOs had an important anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activity, and also a powerful synergistic effect, which encourages further in-depth investigations on their pharmacological proprieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khadija El Ouahdani
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco; (K.E.O.); (H.M.); (A.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Imane Es-safi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco; (K.E.O.); (H.M.); (A.B.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hamza Mechchate
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco; (K.E.O.); (H.M.); (A.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Mohammed Al-zahrani
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.-z.); (A.A.Q.); (M.A.)
| | - Ashraf Ahmed Qurtam
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.-z.); (A.A.Q.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Aleissa
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.-z.); (A.A.Q.); (M.A.)
| | - Amina Bari
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco; (K.E.O.); (H.M.); (A.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Dalila Bousta
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco; (K.E.O.); (H.M.); (A.B.); (D.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xing YY, Zheng YK, Yang S, Zhang LH, Guo SW, Shi LL, Xu YQ, Jin X, Yan SM, Shi BL. Artemisia ordosica Polysaccharide Alleviated Lipopolysaccharide-induced Oxidative Stress of Broilers via Nrf2/Keap1 and TLR4/NF-κB Pathway. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 223:112566. [PMID: 34340153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia ordosica is one of the main shrubby perennials belonging to Artemisia species of Asteraceae and could be used in folk Chinese/Mongolian medicine to treat symptoms of various inflammatory ailments. The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of dietary Artemisia ordosica polysaccharide (AOP) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced oxidative stress in broilers via Nrf2/Keap1 and TLR4/NF-κB pathway. A total of 192 1-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allotted to four treatments with 6 replicates (n = 8): (1) CON group, non-challenged broilers fed basal diet; (2) LPS group, LPS-challenged broilers fed basal diet; (3) AOP group, non-challenged broilers fed basal diet supplemented with 750 mg/kg AOP; (4) LPS+AOP group, LPS-challenged broilers fed basal diet supplemented with 750 mg/kg AOP. The trial included starter phase (d 1-14), stress period Ⅰ (d 15-21), convalescence Ⅰ (d 22-28), stress period Ⅱ (d 29-35) and convalescence Ⅱ (d 36-42). During stress period Ⅰ (on d 15, 17, 19 and 21) and stress period Ⅱ (on d 29, 31, 33 and 35), broilers were injected intra-abdominally either with LPS solution or with an equal amount of sterile saline. The results showed that dietary AOP supplementation alleviated LPS-induced reduction in antioxidant enzyme activity and excessive production of ROS, 8-OHdG and PC in serum of broilers challenged with LPS. Moreover, dietary AOP supplementation alleviated the decrease of T-AOC and activities of SOD, CAT and GPx in liver of broilers challenged with LPS by increasing expression of Nrf2, and inhibiting over-expression of Keap1 both at gene and protein level. Additionally, dietary AOP supplementation decreased the over-production of IL-1β and IL-6 in liver of broilers challenged by LPS through decreasing mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB P65, IL-1β and IL-6, and alleviating the increase of protein expression of TLR4, IKKβ, NF-κB P65, IL-1β, IL-6, and the decrease of protein expression of IkBα. In conclusion, dietary AOP supplementation could alleviate LPS-induced oxidative stress through Nrf2/Keap1 and TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Xing
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - Y K Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - S Yang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - L H Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - S W Guo
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - L L Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - Y Q Xu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - X Jin
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - S M Yan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - B L Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xiang Y, Kang F, Li Q. Effects of Artemisia ordosica roots on the cadmium adsorption characterization on particulate organic matter and soils. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 220:112315. [PMID: 34015628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Particulate organic matter (POM) is an effective adsorbent for decreasing the contaminant of cadmium, but little is known about the relevant mechanisms under the effect of plant. In this work, POM were used to study the removal of Cd2+ in the initial concentration range of 0-4.46 mmol L-1 at pH 5.5, and the effect of Artemisia ordosica roots and pH on kinetics and equilibrium of cadmium adsorption on POM and soils were examined. The result indicated that adsorption kinetics fit well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the equilibrium data for Cd adsorption fit much well to the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity for POM at equilibrium corresponding to the monolayer coverage reached 0.287 mmol/g for Cd. The amount of Cd adsorbed in the POM and soil increased with the increase of pH from 4 to 8.5. The Artemisia ordosica roots decreased Cd adsorption in POM; instead, the adsorption capacity of soil for Cd was improved under the effect of Artemisia ordosica roots. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) analysis indicated that the complexation of POM and Cd was mainly through sulfhydryl, hydroxyl and carboxyl groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi Province, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Shabei Mining Area, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Furen Kang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Shabei Mining Area, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Shabei Mining Area, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bordoni V, Sanna L, Lyu W, Avitabile E, Zoroddu S, Medici S, Kelvin DJ, Bagella L. Silver Nanoparticles Derived by Artemisia arborescens Reveal Anticancer and Apoptosis-Inducing Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168621. [PMID: 34445327 PMCID: PMC8395306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The fight against cancer is one of the main challenges for medical research. Recently, nanotechnology has made significant progress, providing possibilities for developing innovative nanomaterials to overcome the common limitations of current therapies. In this context, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) represent a promising nano-tool able to offer interesting applications for cancer research. Following this path, we combined the silver proprieties with Artemisia arborescens characteristics, producing novel nanoparticles called Artemisia-AgNPs. A "green" synthesis method was performed to produce Artemisia-AgNPs, using Artemisia arborescens extracts. This kind of photosynthesis is an eco-friendly, inexpensive, and fast approach. Moreover, the bioorganic molecules of plant extracts improved the biocompatibility and efficacy of Artemisia-AgNPs. The Artemisia-AgNPs were fully characterized and tested to compare their effects on various cancer cell lines, in particular HeLa and MCF-7. Artemisia-AgNPs treatment showed dose-dependent growth inhibition of cancer cells. Moreover, we evaluated their impact on the cell cycle, observing a G1 arrest mediated by Artemisia-AgNPs treatment. Using a clonogenic assay after treatment, we observed a complete lack of cell colonies, which demonstrated cell reproducibility death. To have a broader overview on gene expression impact, we performed RNA-sequencing, which demonstrated the potential of Artemisia-AgNPs as a suitable candidate tool in cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bordoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.B.); (L.S.); (W.L.); (E.A.); (S.Z.)
| | - Luca Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.B.); (L.S.); (W.L.); (E.A.); (S.Z.)
| | - Weidong Lyu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.B.); (L.S.); (W.L.); (E.A.); (S.Z.)
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515011, China;
| | - Elisabetta Avitabile
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.B.); (L.S.); (W.L.); (E.A.); (S.Z.)
| | - Stefano Zoroddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.B.); (L.S.); (W.L.); (E.A.); (S.Z.)
| | - Serenella Medici
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - David J. Kelvin
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515011, China;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Luigi Bagella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.B.); (L.S.); (W.L.); (E.A.); (S.Z.)
- Centre for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ivănescu B, Burlec AF, Crivoi F, Roșu C, Corciovă A. Secondary Metabolites from Artemisia Genus as Biopesticides and Innovative Nano-Based Application Strategies. Molecules 2021; 26:3061. [PMID: 34065533 PMCID: PMC8160890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Artemisia genus includes a large number of species with worldwide distribution and diverse chemical composition. The secondary metabolites of Artemisia species have numerous applications in the health, cosmetics, and food sectors. Moreover, many compounds of this genus are known for their antimicrobial, insecticidal, parasiticidal, and phytotoxic properties, which recommend them as possible biological control agents against plant pests. This paper aims to evaluate the latest available information related to the pesticidal properties of Artemisia compounds and extracts and their potential use in crop protection. Another aspect discussed in this review is the use of nanotechnology as a valuable trend for obtaining pesticides. Nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and nanocapsules represent a more efficient method of biopesticide delivery with increased stability and potency, reduced toxicity, and extended duration of action. Given the negative impact of synthetic pesticides on human health and on the environment, Artemisia-derived biopesticides and their nanoformulations emerge as promising ecofriendly alternatives to pest management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Ivănescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ana Flavia Burlec
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Florina Crivoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Crăița Roșu
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Biological Research Iasi, 47 Lascăr Catargi Street, 700107 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Andreia Corciovă
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Boudreau A, Richard AJ, Harvey I, Stephens JM. Artemisia scoparia and Metabolic Health: Untapped Potential of an Ancient Remedy for Modern Use. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:727061. [PMID: 35211087 PMCID: PMC8861327 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.727061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanicals have a long history of medicinal use for a multitude of ailments, and many modern pharmaceuticals were originally isolated from plants or derived from phytochemicals. Among these, artemisinin, first isolated from Artemisia annua, is the foundation for standard anti-malarial therapies. Plants of the genus Artemisia are among the most common herbal remedies across Asia and Central Europe. The species Artemisia scoparia (SCOPA) is widely used in traditional folk medicine for various liver diseases and inflammatory conditions, as well as for infections, fever, pain, cancer, and diabetes. Modern in vivo and in vitro studies have now investigated SCOPA's effects on these pathologies and its ability to mitigate hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, obesity, diabetes, and other disease states. This review focuses on the effects of SCOPA that are particularly relevant to metabolic health. Indeed, in recent years, an ethanolic extract of SCOPA has been shown to enhance differentiation of cultured adipocytes and to share some properties of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of insulin-sensitizing agonists of the adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ. In a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, SCOPA diet supplementation lowered fasting insulin and glucose levels, while inducing metabolically favorable changes in adipose tissue and liver. These observations are consistent with many lines of evidence from various tissues and cell types known to contribute to metabolic homeostasis, including immune cells, hepatocytes, and pancreatic beta-cells. Compounds belonging to several classes of phytochemicals have been implicated in these effects, and we provide an overview of these bioactives. The ongoing global epidemics of obesity and metabolic disease clearly require novel therapeutic approaches. While the mechanisms involved in SCOPA's effects on metabolic, anti-inflammatory, and oxidative stress pathways are not fully characterized, current data support further investigation of this plant and its bioactives as potential therapeutic agents in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction and many other conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anik Boudreau
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Allison J. Richard
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Innocence Harvey
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jacqueline M. Stephens,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Glandular trichomes are epidermal outgrowths that are the site of biosynthesis and storage of large quantities of specialized metabolites. Besides their role in the protection of plants against biotic and abiotic stresses, they have attracted interest owing to the importance of the compounds they produce for human use; for example, as pharmaceuticals, flavor and fragrance ingredients, or pesticides. Here, we review what novel concepts investigations on glandular trichomes have brought to the field of specialized metabolism, particularly with respect to chemical and enzymatic diversity. Furthermore, the next challenges in the field are understanding the metabolic network underlying the high productivity of glandular trichomes and the transport and storage of metabolites. Another emerging area is the development of glandular trichomes. Studies in some model species, essentially tomato, tobacco, and Artemisia, are now providing the first molecular clues, but many open questions remain: How is the distribution and density of different trichome types on the leaf surface controlled? When is the decision for an epidermal cell to differentiate into one type of trichome or another taken? Recent advances in gene editing make it now possible to address these questions and promise exciting discoveries in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schuurink
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Green Life Science Research Cluster, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 1210, 1000 BE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alain Tissier
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Miao X, Zhang L, Hu X, Nan S, Chen X, Fu H. Cloning and functional analysis of the FAD2 gene family from desert shrub Artemisia sphaerocephala. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:481. [PMID: 31703625 PMCID: PMC6839233 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linoleic acid is an important polyunsaturated fatty acid, required for all eukaryotes. Microsomal delta-12 (Δ12) oleate desaturase (FAD2) is a key enzyme for linoleic acid biosynthesis. Desert shrub Artemisia sphaerocephala is rich in linoleic acid, it has a large FAD2 gene family with twenty-six members. The aim of this work is to unveil the difference and potentially functionality of AsFAD2 family members. RESULTS Full-length cDNAs of twenty-one AsFAD2 genes were obtained from A. sphaerocephala. The putative polypeptides encoded by AsFAD2 family genes showed a high level of sequence similarity and were relatively conserved during evolution. The motif composition was also relatively conservative. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the AsFAD2-1 gene was strongly expressed in developing seeds, which may be closely associated with the high accumulating ability of linoleic acid in A. sphaerocephala seeds. Although different AsFAD2 family members showed diverse response to salt stress, the overall mRNA levels of the AsFAD2 family genes was stable. Transient expression of AsFAD2 genes in the Nicotiana benthamiana leaves revealed that the encoded proteins were all located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggested that only three AsFAD2 enzymes, AsFAD2-1, - 10, and - 23, were Δ12 oleate desaturases, which could convert oleic acid to linoleic acid, whereas AsFAD2-1 and AsFAD2-10 could also produce palmitolinoleic acid. CONCLUSIONS This research reported the cloning, expression studies, subcellular localization and functional identification of the large AsFAD2 gene family. These results should be helpful in understanding fatty acid biosynthesis in A. sphaerocephala, and has the potential to be applied in the study of plant fatty acids traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Muangphrom P, Misaki M, Suzuki M, Shimomura M, Suzuki H, Seki H, Muranaka T. Identification and characterization of (+)-α-bisabolol and 7-epi-silphiperfol-5-ene synthases from Artemisia abrotanum. Phytochemistry 2019; 164:144-153. [PMID: 31151061 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Triquinane is a type of sesquiterpenoid with a unique structure that contains a fused tricyclopentane ring and exhibits a wide range of bioactivities. Like other sesquiterpenoids, the first committed step in triquinane-type sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis is the cyclization of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), a common precursor of all sesquiterpenoids, catalyzed by sesquiterpene synthase. Artemisia abrotanum L. (Asteraceae), a common plant used in the culinary and cosmetics industries, has been reported to accumulate high levels of triquinane silphiperfol-5-en-3-one A. This compound is potentially biosynthesized from the cyclization of FPP into 7-epi-silphiperfol-5-ene followed by a multi-step oxidation to silphiperfol-5-en-3-one A. In this study, we aimed to identify the sesquiterpene synthase responsible for the synthesis of 7-epi-silphiperfol-5-ene. We performed RNA sequencing of A. abrotanum leaves and gene candidates were mined by homology searches using the triquinane α-isocomene synthase of chamomile (MrTPS2) as query. After gene cloning, we obtained five variants of putative sesquiterpene synthase showing greater than 85% amino acid identity to MrTPS2 and greater than 95% amino acid identity to each other. Heterologous expression of these variants in a FPP-high-producing yeast strain revealed the first four variants to be (+)-α-bisabolol synthases (AabrBOS1-4). However, the fifth candidate cyclized FPP into 7-epi-silphiperfol-5-ene and can therefore be defined as a 7-epi-silphiperfol-5-ene synthase (AabrSPS). These findings revealed the first committed enzyme involved in silphiperfol-5-en-3-one A and (+)-α-bisabolol biosyntheses in A. abrotanum. Furthermore, the results of this study will be useful for enhancing the production of these compounds for further applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paskorn Muangphrom
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Momoka Misaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Munenori Suzuki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; KNC Laboratories Co., Ltd., 3-2-34 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2271, Japan; Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Masaya Shimomura
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hikaru Seki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan.
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang J, Lu N, Fu B. Inter-comparison of stable isotope mixing models for determining plant water source partitioning. Sci Total Environ 2019; 666:685-693. [PMID: 30812003 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Water sources used for plant identification coupled with stable isotopes are essential to improving the understanding of eco-hydrological processes and ecological management in water-limited ecosystems. Many approaches associated with stable isotopes have been used to determine plant water source apportionment. However, inter-comparisons of different methods are still limited, especially for Bayesian mixing models. In this study, we tested linear mixing models (IsoSource) and Bayesian models (SIAR, MixSIR and MixSIAR) to identify sources of water absorbed by Vitex negundo and Sophora viciifolia (shrubs) and Artemisia gmelinii (subshrub) during the growing season in the semiarid Loess Plateau. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the predicted plant water source fractions using only stable hydrogen isotope (δ2H) and only stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) with the IsoSource model. No significant difference was found in plant water source apportionment by the three Bayesian mixing models combined with δ2H and δ18O except for individual months. The SIAR and MixSIAR models detected no pronounced seasonal variations in plant water uptake, while the MixSIR model did detect seasonal variations. Overall, the SIAR and MixSIAR models exhibited relatively better water source apportionment performances than that of the MixSIR model. This discrepancy may be attributed to the difference in the post distribution simulation algorithm. This study provides critical insights into choosing a suitable method for identifying plant water source apportionment in arid and semiarid regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hu D, Zhang S, Baskin JM, Baskin CC, Wang Z, Liu R, Du J, Yang X, Huang Z. Seed mucilage interacts with soil microbial community and physiochemical processes to affect seedling emergence on desert sand dunes. Plant Cell Environ 2019; 42:591-605. [PMID: 30193400 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Seedling emergence is a critical stage in the establishment of desert plants. Soil microbes participate in plant growth and development, but information is lacking with regard to the role of microbes on seedling emergence. We applied the biocides (captan and streptomycin) to assess how seed mucilage interacts with soil microbial community and physiochemical processes to affect seedling emergence of Artemisia sphaerocephala on the desert sand dune. Fungal and bacterial community composition and diversity and fungal-bacterial interactions were changed by both captan and streptomycin. Mucilage increased soil enzyme activities and fungal-bacterial interactions. Highest seedling emergence occurred under streptomycin and mucilage treatment. Members of the phyla Firmicutes and Glomeromycota were the keystone species that improved A. sphaerocephala seedling emergence, by increasing resistance of young seedlings to drought and pathogen. Seed mucilage directly improved seedling emergence and indirectly interacted with the soil microbial community through strengthening fungal-bacterial interactions and providing favourable environment for soil enzymes to affect seedling emergence. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms by which soil microbial community and seed mucilage interactively promote successful establishment of populations of desert plants on the barren and stressful sand dune.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shudong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jerry M Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Carol C Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Zhaoren Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rozentsvet O, Nesterov V, Bogdanova E, Kosobryukhov А, Subova S, Semenova G. Structural and molecular strategy of photosynthetic apparatus organisation of wild flora halophytes. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 129:213-220. [PMID: 29894861 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Structural and molecular parameters of photosynthetic apparatus in plants with different strategies for the accumulation of salts were investigated. CO2 gas exchange rate, content of pigments, mesostructure, chloroplast ultrastructure and the biochemical composition of the membrane structural components in leaves were measured. The objects of the study were euhalophytes (Salicornia perennans, Suaeda salsa, Halocnemum strobilaceum), crynohalophyte (Limonium gmelinii), glycohalophyte (Artemisia santonica). Euhalophytes S. perennans and S. salsa belong to the plants of the halosucculent type, three other species represent the xerophilic type. The highest photosynthetic activity estimated by the average parameters of CO2 gas exchange rate in the leaves was observed in S. perennans plants. Plants of the xerophyte type including both H. strobilaceum euhalophyte and cryno- and glycohalophytes are described by lower values of these characteristics. Larger cells with a great number of chloroplasts and a high content of membrane glycerolipids and unsaturated C18:3 fatty acid, but with smaller pigment and light-harvesting complexes size characterise the features of euhalophytes with a succulent leaf type. Thus, features of the mesostructure, ultrastructure, and supramolecular interactions of the halophyte PA were closely related to the functional parameters of gas exchange, and were characterised by the strategy of species in relation to the accumulation of salts, the life form of plants, and the attitude to the method of water regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rozentsvet
- Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Komzina St., 445003, Togliatti, Russia.
| | - Viktor Nesterov
- Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Komzina St., 445003, Togliatti, Russia
| | - Elena Bogdanova
- Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Komzina St., 445003, Togliatti, Russia
| | - Аnatoly Kosobryukhov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Institutskaya St., 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Svetlana Subova
- Samara National Research University Name of Sergei Korolev, 34 Moskovskoye Shosse, 443086, Samara, Russia
| | - Galina Semenova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya St., 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mleczek P, Borowiak K, Budka A, Niedzielski P. Relationship between concentration of rare earth elements in soil and their distribution in plants growing near a frequented road. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:23695-23711. [PMID: 29872986 PMCID: PMC6096544 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are a group of elements whose concentration in numerous environmental matrices continues to increase; therefore, the use of biological methods for their removal from soil would seem to be a safe and reasonable approach. The aim of this study was to estimate the phytoextraction efficiency and distribution of light and heavy (LREEs and HREEs) rare earth elements by three herbaceous plant species: Artemisia vulgaris L., Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. and Trifolium repens L., growing at a distance of 1, 10, and 25 m from the edge of a frequented road in Poland. The concentration of REEs in soil and plants was highly correlated (r > 0.9300), which indicates the high potential of the studied plant species to phytoextraction of these elements. The largest proportion of REEs was from the group of LREEs, whereas HREEs comprised only an inconsiderable portion of the REEs group. The dominant elements in the group of LREEs were Nd and Ce, while Er was dominant in the HREEs group. Differences in the amounts of these elements influenced the total concentration of LREEs, HREEs, and finally REEs and their quantities which decreased with distance from the road. According to the Friedman rank sum test, significant differences in REEs concentration, mainly between A. vulgaris L., and T. repens L. were observed for plants growing at all three distances from the road. The same relation between A. vulgaris L. and T. officinale was observed. The efficiency of LREEs and REEs phytoextraction in the whole biomass of plants growing at all distances from the road was A. vulgaris L. > T. officinale L. > T. repens L. For HREEs, the same relationship was recorded only for plants growing at the distance 1 m from the road. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) values for LREEs and HREEs were respectively higher and lower than 1 for all studied plant species regardless of the distance from the road. The studied herbaceous plant species were able to effectively phytoextract LREEs only (BCF > 1); therefore, these plants, which are commonly present near roads, could be a useful tool for removing this group of REEs from contaminated soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Mleczek
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94C, 60-649, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Borowiak
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94C, 60-649, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Budka
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Przemysław Niedzielski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Meza-Lopez MM, Mooney KA, Thompson AL, Ho NK, Pratt JD. A test for clinal variation in Artemisia californica and associated arthropod responses to nitrogen addition. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191997. [PMID: 29390030 PMCID: PMC5794083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of plant traits to global change is of fundamental importance to understanding anthropogenic impacts on natural systems. Nevertheless, little is known about plant genetic variation in such responses or the indirect effect of environmental change on higher trophic levels. In a three-year common garden experiment, we grew the shrub Artemisia californica from five populations sourced along a 700 km latitudinal gradient under ambient and nitrogen (N) addition (20 kg N ha-1) and measured plant traits and associated arthropods. N addition increased plant biomass to a similar extent among all populations. In contrast, N addition effects on most other plant traits varied among plant populations; N addition reduced specific leaf area and leaf percent N and increased carbon to nitrogen ratios in the two northern populations, but had the opposite or no effect on the three southern populations. N addition increased arthropod abundance to a similar extent among all populations in parallel with an increase in plant biomass, suggesting that N addition did not alter plant resistance to herbivores. N addition had no effect on arthropod diversity, richness, or evenness. In summary, genetic variation among A. californica populations mediated leaf-trait responses to N addition, but positive direct effects of N addition on plant biomass and indirect effects on arthropod abundance were consistent among all populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Meza-Lopez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Kailen A. Mooney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Amanda L. Thompson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Nicole K. Ho
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica D. Pratt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen X, Zhang L, Miao X, Hu X, Nan S, Wang J, Fu H. Effect of salt stress on fatty acid and α-tocopherol metabolism in two desert shrub species. Planta 2018; 247:499-511. [PMID: 29116400 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Compared to Artemisia ordosiea Kraschen, a higher content of α-tocopherol in Artemisia sphaerocephala Kraschen under salt stress inhibits the conversion of linoleic acid (C18:2) into linolenic acid (C18:3), maintains cell membrane stability and contributes to higher salt resistance. Artemisia sphaerocephala Kraschen and Artemisia ordosiea Kraschen are widely distributed in the arid and semiarid desert regions of the northwest of China. Under salt stress, it has been known that α-tocopherol (α-T) improves membrane permeability and maintains Na+/K+ homeostasis; however, the function of α-T in regulating membrane components of fatty acids is unknown. In this study, 100-day-old plants of A. ordosiea and A. sphaerocephala are subjected to various NaCl treatments for 7, 14, and 21 days. Compared to A. ordosiea, A. sphaerocephala has a higher Na+ concentration, higher chlorophyll content and dry weight in all NaCl treatments, but lower relative electric conductivity. The stable unsaturated levels of the lipids in A. sphaerocephala may be attributed to higher level of C18:2. Under 200 mM NaCl treatment, α-T and C18:2 contents in A. sphaerocephala increase significantly, while the Na+, C18:1, C18:3 and jasmonic acid (JA) contents decrease. Moreover, α-T is positively correlated with C18:2, but negatively correlated with C18:3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Xiumei Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shuzhen Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hua Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rozentsvet O, Kosobryukhov A, Zakhozhiy I, Tabalenkova G, Nesterov V, Bogdanova E. Photosynthetic parameters and redox homeostasis of Artemisia santonica L. under conditions of Elton region. Plant Physiol Biochem 2017; 118:385-393. [PMID: 28710946 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural and functional parameters and redox homeostasis in leaves of Artemisia santonica L. under environment conditions of Elton lake (the southeast region of the European part of Russia) were measured. The highest photosynthetic apparatus (PA) activity in A. santonica leaves on CO2 gas exchange as well as the highest content of green pigments was observed in the morning. Maximum share of violaxanthin cycle key pigments - zeaxanthin (Zx) and antheraxanthin (Ax) was observed in the afternoon and decreased in the evening. Lipids/chlorophyll (Chl) ratio increased in the evening due to the decrease in Chl concentration, and content of linolenic acid (С18:3n3) was decreased in the middle of the day. The content of TBA-reacting products increased 1.4-fold in the middle of the day, and decreased approximately 2-fold in the evening. The decrease of the activity was observed in diurnal dynamics of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). Increased accumulation of phenols and flavonoids, as well as free amino acids (FAA) in A. santonica leaves was observed in the middle of the day. Thus, the ability of A. santonica plants to resist the soil salinization, high levels of solar illumination and temperature consists of a number of protectively-adaptive reactions of metabolic and photosynthetic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rozentsvet
- Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Komzina St., 445003 Togliatti, Russia.
| | - Anatoly Kosobryukhov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Institutskaya St., 142290 Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Ilya Zakhozhiy
- Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
| | - Galina Tabalenkova
- Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
| | - Viktor Nesterov
- Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Komzina St., 445003 Togliatti, Russia
| | - Elena Bogdanova
- Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Komzina St., 445003 Togliatti, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li Y, Hou L, Song B, Yang L, Li L. Effects of Increased Nitrogen and Phosphorus Deposition on Offspring Performance of Two Dominant Species in a Temperate Steppe Ecosystem. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40951. [PMID: 28102339 PMCID: PMC5244414 DOI: 10.1038/srep40951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants adapt to environment by plastic growth which will be transferred to offspring through transgenerational effect. Performance and response of maternal and offspring plant will affect population dynamics and community composition. However, it is scarcely understood how maternal nutrient environment affect the performance and response of offspring through transgenerational effect. Here we studied the impacts of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) enrichment on maternal and offspring performances and responses of Stipa krylovii and Artemisia frigida. Seeds were collected from maternal plant experiencing N or/and P addition for three years in Inner Mongolia grassland. We found that maternal nutrient addition significantly affected seed traits, offspring biomass, and offspring responses of A. frigida. Maternal N addition significantly affected maternal reproductive biomass, seed traits of S. kryloii. Maternal P addition of S. kryloii significantly affected seed qualities, seedling biomass and seeding response to N addition. Our results suggested that transgenerational effects of N and P enrichment to the two dominant plant species existed in this ecosystem. Furthermore, the two species exhibited different adaptive strategies to future nutrient addition. These findings indicate that maternal environmental effect should be considered into the model projection of vegetation dynamics in response to ongoing environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710061, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Longyu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Bing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Liuyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Linghao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Alirzayeva E, Neumann G, Horst W, Allahverdiyeva Y, Specht A, Alizade V. Multiple mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance are differentially expressed in ecotypes of Artemisia fragrans. Environ Pollut 2017; 220:1024-1035. [PMID: 27890587 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia fragrans is a plant species with ability of growing on heavy metal-polluted soils. Ecotypes of this species naturally growing in polluted areas can accumulate and tolerate different amounts of heavy metals (HM), depending on soil contamination level at their origin. Heavy metal tolerance of various ecotypes collected from contaminated (AP, SP) and non-contaminated (BG) sites was compared by cultivation on a highly HM-contaminated river sediment and a non-contaminated agricultural control soil. Tissue-specific HM distribution was analyzed by laser ablation-inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) and photosynthetic activity by non-invasive monitoring of chlorophyll fluorescence. Plant-mineral analysis did not reveal ecotype-differences in concentrations of Cd, Zn, Cu in shoots of Artemisia plants, suggesting no differential expression of root uptake or root to shoot translocation of HM. There was also no detectable rhizosphere effect on HM concentrations on the contaminated soil. However, despite high soil contaminations, all ecotypes accumulated Zn only in the concentration range of generally reported for normal growth of plants, while Cu and Cd concentrations were close to or even higher than the toxicity level for most plants. As a visible symptom of differences in HM tolerance, only the AP ecotype was able to enter the generative phase to complete its life cycle. Analysis of tissue-specific metal distribution revealed significantly lower concentrations of Cd in the leaf mesophyll of this ecotype, accumulating Cd mainly in the leaf petioles. A similar mesophyll exclusion was detectable also for Cu, although not associated with preferential accumulation in the leaf petioles. However, high mesophyll concentrations of Cd and Cu in the SP and BG ecotypes were associated with disturbances of the photosynthetic activity. The findings demonstrate differential expression of HM exclusion strategies in Artemisia ecotypes and suggest Cd and Cu exclusion from the photosynthetically active tissues as a major tolerance mechanism of the AP ecotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esmira Alirzayeva
- Institute of Botany of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Badamdar Highway, 40, AZ1004, Baku, Azerbaijan.
| | - Gunter Neumann
- Institute of Crop Science (340h), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr., 20, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Walter Horst
- Institute for Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | - Andre Specht
- Institute for Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Valida Alizade
- Institute of Botany of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Badamdar Highway, 40, AZ1004, Baku, Azerbaijan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Michelakis EC, Evergetis E, Koulocheri SD, Haroutounian SA. Exploitation of Artemisia arborescens as a Renewable Source of Chamazulene: Seasonal Variation and Distillation Conditions. Nat Prod Commun 2016; 11:1513-1516. [PMID: 30549610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tree Wormwood (Artemisia arborescens L.) is a Mediterranean medicinal herb known for its anti-inflammatory properties, mainly because of the high chamazulene content of its essential oil (EO). Herein are presented the results of an investigation concerning the seasonal variation in the chamazulene content of.the EOs of three Cretan natural populations of A. arborescens by combined GC-FID and GC-MS analysis. Results highlighted a population containing EO rich in chamazulene at amounts exceeding 50% of its quantitative composition at the full flowering stage, which is the more appropriate vegetative stage for harvesting. Hydro-distillation of the respective plant material in five different pH environments increased, in all cases, the chamazulene yield, with the most efficient pH value being 8.3, when the chamazulene amount increased 1.3 times compared with distillation under neutral conditions, reaching 65.1% of the total content of EO.
Collapse
|
32
|
Jaeger DM, Runyon JB, Richardson BA. Signals of speciation: volatile organic compounds resolve closely related sagebrush taxa, suggesting their importance in evolution. New Phytol 2016; 211:1393-1401. [PMID: 27112551 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play important roles in the environmental adaptation and fitness of plants. Comparison of the qualitative and quantitative differences in VOCs among closely related taxa and assessing the effects of environment on their emissions are important steps to deducing VOC function and evolutionary importance. Headspace VOCs from five taxa of sagebrush (Artemisia, subgenus Tridentatae) growing in two common gardens were collected and analyzed using GC-MS. Of the 74 total VOCs emitted, only 15 were needed to segregate sagebrush taxa using Random Forest analysis with a low error of 4%. All but one of these 15 VOCs showed qualitative differences among taxa. Ordination of results showed strong clustering that reflects taxonomic classification. Random Forest identified five VOCs that classify based on environment (2% error), which do not overlap with the 15 VOCs that segregated taxa. We show that VOCs can discriminate closely related species and subspecies of Artemisia, which are difficult to define using molecular markers or morphology. Thus, it appears that changes in VOCs either lead the way or follow closely behind speciation in this group. Future research should explore the functions of VOCs, which could provide further insights into the evolution of sagebrushes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deidre M Jaeger
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 735 N. 500 East, Provo, UT, 84606, USA
| | - Justin B Runyon
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 1648 S. 7th Avenue, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Bryce A Richardson
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 735 N. 500 East, Provo, UT, 84606, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dilshad E, Ismail H, Haq IU, Cusido RM, Palazon J, Ramirez-Estrada K, Mirza B. Rol genes enhance the biosynthesis of antioxidants in Artemisia carvifolia Buch. BMC Plant Biol 2016; 16:125. [PMID: 27251864 PMCID: PMC4890517 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0811-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The secondary metabolites of the Artemisia genus are well known for their important therapeutic properties. This genus is one of the valuable sources of flavonoids and other polyphenols, but due to the low contents of these important metabolites, there is a need to either enhance their concentration in the original plant or seek alternative sources for them. The aim of the current study was to detect and enhance the yield of antioxidant compounds of Artemisia carvifolia Buch. HPLC analysis was performed to detect the antioxidants. With the aim of increasing flavonoid content, Rol gene transgenics of A. carvifolia were established. Two genes of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase, were studied by real time qPCR. Antioxidant potential was determined by performing different antioxidant assays. RESULTS HPLC analysis of wild-type A. carvifolia revealed the presence of flavonoids such as caffeic acid (30 μg/g DW), quercetin (10 μg/g DW), isoquercetin (400 μg/g DW) and rutin (300 μg/g DW). Compared to the untransformed plants, flavonoid levels increased 1.9-6-fold and 1.6-4-fold in rol B and rol C transgenics, respectively. RT qPCR analysis showed a variable expression of the flavonoid biosynthetic genes, including those encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase, which were found to be relatively more expressed in transformed than wild-type plants, thus correlating with the metabolite concentration. Methanolic extracts of transgenics showed higher antioxidant capacity, reducing power, and protection against free radical-induced DNA damage. Among the transgenic plants, those harboring rol B were slightly more active than the rol C-transformants. CONCLUSION As well as demonstrating the effectiveness of rol genes in inducing plant secondary metabolism, this study provides insight into the molecular dynamics of the flavonoid accumulation pattern, which correlated with the expression of biosynthetic genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erum Dilshad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan-Ul- Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rosa Maria Cusido
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Palazon
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karla Ramirez-Estrada
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bushra Mirza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kiani BH, Suberu J, Mirza B. Cellular engineering of Artemisia annua and Artemisia dubia with the rol ABC genes for enhanced production of potent anti-malarial drug artemisinin. Malar J 2016; 15:252. [PMID: 27142388 PMCID: PMC4855502 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is causing more than half of a million deaths and 214 million clinical cases annually. Despite tremendous efforts for the control of malaria, the global morbidity and mortality have not been significantly changed in the last 50 years. Artemisinin, extracted from the medicinal plant Artemisia sp. is an effective anti-malarial drug. In 2015, elucidation of the effectiveness of artemisinin as a potent anti-malarial drug was acknowledged with a Nobel prize. Owing to the tight market and low yield of artemisinin, an economical way to increase its production is to increase its content in Artemisia sp. through different biotechnological approaches including genetic transformation. METHODS Artemisia annua and Artemisia dubia were transformed with rol ABC genes through Agrobacterium tumefacienes and Agrobacterium rhizogenes methods. The artemisinin content was analysed and compared between transformed and untransformed plants with the help of LC-MS/MS. Expression of key genes [Cytochrome P450 (CYP71AV1), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), amorpha-4, 11 diene synthase (ADS)] in the biosynthetic pathway of artemisinin and gene for trichome development and sesquiterpenoid biosynthetic (TFAR1) were measured using Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). Trichome density was analysed using confocal microscope. RESULTS Artemisinin content was significantly increased in transformed material of both Artemisia species when compared to un-transformed plants. The artemisinin content within leaves of transformed lines was increased by a factor of nine, indicating that the plant is capable of synthesizing much higher amounts than has been achieved so far through traditional breeding. Expression of all artemisinin biosynthesis genes was significantly increased, although variation between the genes was observed. CYP71AV1 and ALDH1 expression levels were higher than that of ADS. Levels of the TFAR1 expression were also increased in all transgenic lines. Trichome density was also significantly increased in the leaves of transformed plants, but no trichomes were found in control roots or transformed roots. The detection of significantly raised levels of expression of the genes involved in artemisinin biosynthesis in transformed roots correlated with the production of significant amounts of artemisinin in these tissues. This suggests that synthesis is occurring in tissues other than the trichomes, which contradicts previous theories. CONCLUSION Transformation of Artemisia sp. with rol ABC genes can lead to the increased production of artemisinin, which will help to meet the increasing demand of artemisinin because of its diverse pharmacological and anti-malarial importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Hafeez Kiani
- />Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- />Department of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - John Suberu
- />Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bushra Mirza
- />Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang L, Hu X, Miao X, Chen X, Nan S, Fu H. Genome-Scale Transcriptome Analysis of the Desert Shrub Artemisia sphaerocephala. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154300. [PMID: 27115614 PMCID: PMC4846011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artemisia sphaerocephala, a semi-shrub belonging to the Artemisia genus of the Compositae family, is an important pioneer plant that inhabits moving and semi-stable sand dunes in the deserts and steppes of northwest and north-central China. It is very resilient in extreme environments. Additionally, its seeds have excellent nutritional value, and the abundant lipids and polysaccharides in the seeds make this plant a potential valuable source of bio-energy. However, partly due to the scarcity of genetic information, the genetic mechanisms controlling the traits and environmental adaptation capacity of A. sphaerocephala are unknown. RESULTS Here, we present the first in-depth transcriptomic analysis of A. sphaerocephala. To maximize the representation of conditional transcripts, mRNA was obtained from 17 samples, including living tissues of desert-growing A. sphaerocephala, seeds germinated in the laboratory, and calli subjected to no stress (control) and high and low temperature, high and low osmotic, and salt stresses. De novo transcriptome assembly performed using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform resulted in the generation of 68,373 unigenes. We analyzed the key genes involved in the unsaturated fatty acid synthesis pathway and identified 26 A. sphaerocephala fad2 genes, which is the largest fad2 gene family reported to date. Furthermore, a set of genes responsible for resistance to extreme temperatures, salt, drought and a combination of stresses was identified. CONCLUSION The present work provides abundant genomic information for functional dissection of the important traits of A. sphaerocephala and contributes to the current understanding of molecular adaptive mechanisms of A. sphaerocephala in the desert environment. Identification of the key genes in the unsaturated fatty acid synthesis pathway could increase understanding of the biological regulatory mechanisms of fatty acid composition traits in plants and facilitate genetic manipulation of the fatty acid composition of oil crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiumei Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuzhen Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hua Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gao J, Sun J, Cao P, Ren L, Liu C, Chen S, Chen F, Jiang J. Variation in tissue Na(+) content and the activity of SOS1 genes among two species and two related genera of Chrysanthemum. BMC Plant Biol 2016; 16:98. [PMID: 27098270 PMCID: PMC4839091 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chrysanthemum, a leading ornamental species, does not tolerate salinity stress, although some of its related species do. The current level of understanding regarding the mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance in this botanical group is still limited. RESULTS A comparison of the physiological responses to salinity stress was made between Chrysanthemum morifolium 'Jinba' and its more tolerant relatives Crossostephium chinense, Artemisia japonica and Chrysanthemum crassum. The stress induced a higher accumulation of Na(+) and more reduction of K(+) in C. morifolium than in C. chinense, C. crassum and A. japonica, which also showed higher K(+)/Na(+) ratio. Homologs of an Na(+)/H(+) antiporter (SOS1) were isolated from each species. The gene carried by the tolerant plants were more strongly induced by salt stress than those carried by the non-tolerant ones. When expressed heterologously, they also conferred a greater degree of tolerance to a yeast mutant lacking Na(+)-pumping ATPase and plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+) antiporter activity. The data suggested that the products of AjSOS1, CrcSOS1 and CcSOS1 functioned more effectively as Na (+) excluders than those of CmSOS1. Over expression of four SOS1s improves the salinity tolerance of transgenic plants and the overexpressing plants of SOS1s from salt tolerant plants were more tolerant than that from salt sensitive plants. In addition, the importance of certain AjSOS1 residues for effective ion transport activity and salinity tolerance was established by site-directed mutagenesis and heterologous expression in yeast. CONCLUSIONS AjSOS1, CrcSOS1 and CcSOS1 have potential as transgenes for enhancing salinity tolerance. Some of the mutations identified here may offer opportunities to better understand the mechanistic basis of salinity tolerance in the chrysanthemum complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Gao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Peipei Cao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Liping Ren
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Chen Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Sumei Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Fadi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Artemisia princeps (AP) extract on bone metabolism and its potential role in the prevention of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Twenty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups and treated as follows: sham-operated control group (SHAM); ovariectomized control group (OVX), ovariectomized group treated by gavage with 10 mg/kg/day alendronate (ALEN); ovariectomized group treated by gavage with 100 mg/kg/day Artemisia princeps (AP100); ovariectomized group treated by gavage with 300 mg/kg/day Artemisia princeps (AP300). Treatment of ovariectomized rats with AP extracts for 15 weeks prevented the reduction in bone thickness and trabecular bone mineral density caused by urinary Ca and Cr excretion, and also prevented the increase in bone turnover by maintaining the serum Ca/P ratio. As a result, the microarchitecture of the trabecular bone and cortical bone after ovariectomy was markedly improved by administration of AP extracts. In conclusion, AP prevented bone loss and osteoclast activity associated with high bone turnover in ovariectomized rats by controlling the serum Ca/P ratio and through anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Our data implicate AP as a promising therapeutic option for the improvement of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H-J Cho
- Yoo-Kyoung Park, Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-791, Korea, Tel.: +82-31-201-3816, Fax: +82-31-203-3816, E-mail address:
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yu MH, Ding GD, Gao GL, Sun BP, Zhao YY, Wan L, Wang DY, Gui ZY. How the Plant Temperature Links to the Air Temperature in the Desert Plant Artemisia ordosica. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135452. [PMID: 26280557 PMCID: PMC4539227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant temperature (Tp) is an important indicator of plant health. To determine the dynamics of plant temperature and self-cooling ability of the plant, we measured Tp in Artemisia ordosica in July, in the Mu Us Desert of Northwest China. Related factors were also monitored to investigate their effects on Tp, including environmental factors, such as air temperature (Ta), relative humidity, wind speed; and physiological factors, such as leaf water potential, sap flow, and water content. The results indicate that: 1) Tp generally changes in conjunction with Ta mainly, and varies with height and among the plant organs. Tp in the young branches is most constant, while it is the most sensitive in the leaves. 2) Correlations between Tp and environmental factors show that Tp is affected mainly by Ta. 3) The self-cooling ability of the plant was effective by midday, with Tp being lower than Ta. 4) Increasing sap flow and leaf water potential showed that transpiration formed part of the mechanism that supported self-cooling. Increased in water conductance and specific heat at midday may be additional factors that contribute to plant cooling ability. Therefore, our results confirmed plant self-cooling ability. The response to high temperatures is regulated by both transpiration speed and an increase in stem water conductance. This study provides quantitative data for plant management in terms of temperature control. Moreover, our findings will assist species selection with taking plant temperature as an index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Han Yu
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guo-Dong Ding
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- * E-mail: (GD); (GG)
| | - Guang-Lei Gao
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- * E-mail: (GD); (GG)
| | - Bao-Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhao
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Li Wan
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - De-Ying Wang
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zi-Yang Gui
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
We report the sequencing and assembly of three transcriptomes from Big (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis and A. tridentata ssp. tridentata) and Low (A. arbuscula ssp. arbuscula) sagebrush. The sequence reads are available in the Sequence Read Archive of NCBI. We demonstrate the utilities of these transcriptomes for gene discovery and phylogenomic analysis. An assembly of 61,883 transcripts followed by transcript identification by the program TRAPID revealed 16 transcripts directly related to terpene synthases, proteins critical to the production of multiple secondary metabolites in sagebrush. A putative terpene synthase was identified in two of our sagebrush samples. Using paralogs with synonymous mutations we reconstructed an evolutionary time line of ancient genome duplications. By applying a constant mutation rate to the data we estimate that these three ancient duplications occurred about 18, 34 and 60 million years ago. These transcriptomes offer a foundation for future studies of sagebrush, including inferences in chemical defense and the identification of species and subspecies of sagebrush for restoration and preservation of the threatened sage-grouse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Huynh
- Plant and Wildlife Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, United States of America
| | - Justin T. Page
- Plant and Wildlife Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, United States of America
| | - Bryce A. Richardson
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Provo, UT, 84606, United States of America
| | - Joshua A. Udall
- Plant and Wildlife Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wiber CF, King GM, Aho K. Relative abundance of and composition within fungal orders differ between cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)-associated soils. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123849. [PMID: 25822987 PMCID: PMC4378941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
41
|
Liu JB, Zhang YQ, Wu B, Qin SG, Jia X, Fa KY, Feng W, Lai ZR. Effect of vegetation rehabilitation on soil carbon and its fractions in Mu Us Desert, northwest China. Int J Phytoremediation 2015; 17:529-537. [PMID: 25747239 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2014.922923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although vegetation rehabilitation on semi-arid and arid regions may enhance soil carbon sequestration, its effects on soil carbon fractions remain uncertain. We carried out a study after planting Artemisia ordosica (AO, 17 years), Astragalus mongolicum (AM, 5 years), and Salix psammophila (SP, 16 years) on shifting sand land (SL) in the Mu Us Desert, northwest China. We measured total soil carbon (TSC) and its components, soil inorganic carbon (SIC) and soil organic carbon (SOC), as well as the light and heavy fractions within soil organic carbon (LF-SOC and HF-SOC), under the SL and shrublands at depths of 100 cm. TSC stock under SL was 27.6 Mg ha(-1), and vegetation rehabilitation remarkably elevated it by 40.6 Mgha(-1), 4.5 Mgha(-1), and 14.1 Mgha(-1) under AO, AM and SP land, respectively. Among the newly formed TSC under the three shrublands, SIC, LF-SOC and HF-SOC accounted for 75.0%, 10.7% and 13.1% for AO, respectively; they made up 37.0%, 50.7% and 10.6% for AM, respectively; they occupied 68.6%, 18.8% and 10.0% for SP, respectively. The accumulation rates of TSC within 0-100 cm reached 238.6 g m(-2) y(-1), 89.9 g m(-2) y(-1) and 87.9 g m(-2) y(-1) under AO, AM and SP land, respectively. The present study proved that the accumulation of SIC considerably contributed to soil carbon sequestration, and vegetation rehabilitation on shifting sand land has a great potential for soil carbon sequestration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bin Liu
- a Yanchi Research Station, College of Soil and Water Conservation , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Suberu JO, Romero-Canelón I, Sullivan N, Lapkin AA, Barker GC. Comparative cytotoxicity of artemisinin and cisplatin and their interactions with chlorogenic acids in MCF7 breast cancer cells. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:2791-7. [PMID: 25209896 PMCID: PMC4506560 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In parts of Africa and Asia, self-medication with a hot water infusion of Artemisia annua (Artemisia tea) is a common practice for a number of ailments including malaria and cancer. In our earlier work, such an extract showed better potency than artemisinin alone against both chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant parasites. In this study, in vitro tests of the infusion in MCF7 cells showed high IC50 values (>200 μm). The combination of artemisinin and 3-caffeoylquinic acid (3CA), two major components in the extract, was strongly antagonistic and gave a near total loss of cytotoxicity for artemisinin. We observed that the interaction of 3CAs with another cytotoxic compound, cisplatin, showed potentiation of activity by 2.5-fold. The chelation of cellular iron by 3CA is hypothesized as a possible explanation for the loss of artemisinin activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John O Suberu
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of CambridgeCB2 3RA (UK)
| | | | - Neil Sullivan
- SensaPharm Ltd., 123i Bioscience CentreSunderland, SR5 2TA (UK)
| | - Alexei A Lapkin
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of CambridgeCB2 3RA (UK)
| | - Guy C Barker
- School of Life Sciences, University of WarwickCV4 7AL (UK) E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The aim of the present study was the chemical characterization of the essential oil of a Mongolian medicinal plant, Artemisia adamsii Besser, and the investigation of the antibacterial effect of its oil on different human pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and S. epidermidis). The chemical composition of the oil was established by GC and GC/MS. Direct bioautography was used for detecting the antibacterial activity of the essential oil. The result of GC experiments showed that a-thujone was the main component (64.4%) of the oil, while the amount of beta-thujone was 7.1%. 1,8-Cineole seemed to be the other relevant component (15.2%). The antibacterial activity of the A. adamsii essential oil against all three investigated bacteria was observed in the bioautographic system, but this effect was not proportional to the concentrations of a- or beta-thujone; therefore, from a microbiological aspect, thujone content does not determine the medicinal value of this oil. On the whole, the combination of TLC separation with biological detection is an appropriate method for evaluating multicomponent and hydrophobic plant extracts, for instance, essential oils, and it provides more reliable results than traditional microbiological methods (e.g., disc diffusion and agar plate techniques).
Collapse
|
44
|
Rasmussen MK, Ekstrand B. Regulation of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and sulphotransferase 2A1 gene expression in primary porcine hepatocytes by selected sex-steroids and plant secondary metabolites from chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and wormwood (Artemisia sp.). Gene 2014; 536:53-8. [PMID: 24333270 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In pigs the endogenously produced compound androstenone is metabolised in the liver in two steps by 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and sulphotransferase 2A1 (SULT2A1). The present study investigated the effect of selected sex-steroids (0.01-1 μM androstenone, testosterone and estradiol), skatole (1-100 μM) and secondary plant metabolites (1-100 μM) on the expression of 3β-HSD and SULT2A1 mRNA. Additionally the effect of a global methanolic extract of dried chicory root was investigated and compared to previous obtained in vivo effects. Primary hepatocytes were isolated from the livers of piglets (crossbreed: Landrace×Yorkshire and Duroc) and cultured for 24h before treatment for an additionally 24h. RNA was isolated from the hepatocytes and specific gene expression determined by RT-PCR using TaqMan probes. The investigated sex-steroids had no effect on the mRNA expression of 3β-HSD and SULT2A1, while skatole decreased the content of SULT2A1 30% compared to control. Of the investigated secondary plant metabolites artemisinin and scoparone (found in Artemisia sp.) lowered the content of SULT2A1 by 20 and 30% compared to control, respectively. Moreover, we tested three secondary plant metabolites (lactucin, esculetin and esculin) found in chicory root. Lactucin increased the mRNA content of both 3β-HSD and SULT2A1 by 200% compared to control. An extract of chicory root was shown to decrease the expression of both 3β-HSD and SULT2A1. It is concluded that the gene expression of enzymes with importance for androstenone metabolism is regulated by secondary plant metabolites in a complex manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Ekstrand
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yadav RK, Sangwan RS, Sabir F, Srivastava AK, Sangwan NS. Effect of prolonged water stress on specialized secondary metabolites, peltate glandular trichomes, and pathway gene expression in Artemisia annua L. Plant Physiol Biochem 2014; 74:70-83. [PMID: 24269871 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia annua L. accumulates substantial quantities of unique sesquiternoid artemisinin and related phytomolecules and characteristic essential oil in glandular trichomes, present on its leaves and inflorescence. Water stress is a major concern in controlling plant growth and productivity. In this study, our aim was to find out the modulation of artemisinin and essential oil constituents in plants grown under prolonged water stress conditions. A. annua CIM-Arogya plants grown in pots were subjected to mild (60% ± 5) and moderate (40% ± 5) water stress treatment and continued during entire developmental period. Results revealed that artemisinin, arteannuin-B, artemisinic acid, dihydroartemisinic acid and essential oil content were positively controlled by the growth and development however negatively modulated by water deficit stress. Interestingly, some of minor monoterpenes, all sesquiterpenes and other low molecular weight volatiles of essential oil components were induced by water deficit treatment. Camphor which is the major essential oil constituents did not alter much while 1, 8 cineole was modulated during development of plant as well as under water stress conditions. Water deficit stress induces a decrease in glandular trichome density and size as well. The dynamics of various secondary metabolites is discussed in the light of growth responses, trichomes and pathway gene expression in plants grown under two levels of prolonged water stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh K Yadav
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, UP 226015, India
| | - Rajender S Sangwan
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, UP 226015, India
| | - Farzana Sabir
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, UP 226015, India
| | - Awadesh K Srivastava
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, UP 226015, India
| | - Neelam S Sangwan
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, UP 226015, India.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Turi CE, Axwik KE, Smith A, Jones AMP, Saxena PK, Murch SJ. Galanthamine, an anticholinesterase drug, effects plant growth and development in Artemisia tridentate Nutt. via modulation of auxin and neutrotransmitter signaling. Plant Signal Behav 2014; 9:e28645. [PMID: 24690897 PMCID: PMC4161611 DOI: 10.4161/psb.28645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Galanthamine is a naturally occurring acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitor that has been well established as a drug for treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease, but the role of the compound in plant metabolism is not known. The current study was designed to investigate whether galanthamine could redirect morphogenesis of Artemisia tridentata Nutt. cultures by altering concentration of endogenous neurosignaling molecules acetylcholine (Ach), auxin (IAA), melatonin (Mel), and serotonin (5HT). Exposure of axenic A. tridentata cultures to 10 µM galanthamine decreased the concentration of endogenous Ach, IAA, MEL, and AchE, and altered plant growth in a manner reminiscent of 2-4D toxicity. Galanthamine itself demonstrated IAA activity in an oat coleotile elongation bioassay, 20 µM galanthamine showed no significant difference compared with 5 μM IAA or 5 μM 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Metabolomic analysis detected between 20,921 to 27,891 compounds in A. tridentata plantlets and showed greater commonality between control and 5 µM treatments. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis putatively identified coumarins scopoletin/isoscopoletin, and scopolin in A. tridentata leaf extracts and these metabolites linearly increased in response to galanthamine treatments. Overall, these data indicate that galanthamine is an allelopathic phytochemical and support the hypothesis that neurologically active compounds in plants help ensure plant survival and adaptation to environmental challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Turi
- Biology; University of British Columbia; Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, BC Canada
| | - Katarina E Axwik
- Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, BC Canada
| | - Anderson Smith
- Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, BC Canada
| | - A Maxwell P Jones
- Department of Plant Agriculture; University of Guelph; Guelph, ON Canada
| | - Praveen K Saxena
- Department of Plant Agriculture; University of Guelph; Guelph, ON Canada
| | - Susan J Murch
- Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, BC Canada
- Correspondence to: Susan J Murch,
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cardon ZG, Stark JM, Herron PM, Rasmussen JA. Sagebrush carrying out hydraulic lift enhances surface soil nitrogen cycling and nitrogen uptake into inflorescences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:18988-93. [PMID: 24191007 PMCID: PMC3839719 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1311314110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant roots serve as conduits for water flow not only from soil to leaves but also from wetter to drier soil. This hydraulic redistribution through root systems occurs in soils worldwide and can enhance stomatal opening, transpiration, and plant carbon gain. For decades, upward hydraulic lift (HL) of deep water through roots into dry, litter-rich, surface soil also has been hypothesized to enhance nutrient availability to plants by stimulating microbially controlled nutrient cycling. This link has not been demonstrated in the field. Working in sagebrush-steppe, where water and nitrogen limit plant growth and reproduction and where HL occurs naturally during summer drought, we slightly augmented deep soil water availability to 14 HL+ treatment plants throughout the summer growing season. The HL+ sagebrush lifted greater amounts of water than control plants and had slightly less negative predawn and midday leaf water potentials. Soil respiration was also augmented under HL+ plants. At summer's end, application of a gas-based (15)N isotopic labeling technique revealed increased rates of nitrogen cycling in surface soil layers around HL+ plants and increased uptake of nitrogen into HL+ plants' inflorescences as sagebrush set seed. These treatment effects persisted even though unexpected monsoon rainstorms arrived during assays and increased surface soil moisture around all plants. Simulation models from ecosystem to global scales have just begun to include effects of hydraulic redistribution on water and surface energy fluxes. Results from this field study indicate that plants carrying out HL can also substantially enhance decomposition and nitrogen cycling in surface soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe G. Cardon
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3043; and
| | - John M. Stark
- Biology Department and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5305
| | - Patrick M. Herron
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3043; and
| | - Jed A. Rasmussen
- Biology Department and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5305
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhu QL, Xing XY, Cheng M, Xue ZJ, An SS. [Concentrations of different carbon and nitrogen fractions in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of typical plant species in mountainous area of southern Ningxia, Northwest China]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2013; 24:983-988. [PMID: 23898655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Taking the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of five typical plants Agropyron cristatum, Artemisia frigida, Pseudoraphis bungeana, Thymus mongolicus, and Artemisia sacrorum in a mountainous area of southern Ningxia as test objects, this paper studied their C and N forms contents. The C and N forms contents in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils differed with plant species. In the rhizosphere soil of A. sacrorum, the C content was the highest, with the total soil organic C (TOC), light fraction organic C (LFOC), and heavy fraction organic C contents being 22.94, 1.95, and 20. 88 g kg-1, respectively. In the rhizosphere soil of P. bungeana, the N content was the highest, with the total N (TN), mineralizable N (MN), and available N contents being 2.05 g kg-1 , 23.73 mg kg-1, and 11.99 mg kg-1 , respectively. In the rhizosphere soil of A. frigida, the LFOC/TOC and MN/TN ratios were the highest, which benefited the C and N transformed into more active forms. Light fraction organic C and mineralizable N could be used as the sensitive indicators of plant habitat change. For the five plant species, the contents of different C and N forms in the rhizosphere soil were generally higher than those in the non-rhizosphere soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-lian Zhu
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shanxi, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhou HY, Wang YJ, Fan F, Fan HW. [Eco-physiological responses and related adjustment mechanisms of Artemisia ordosica and Caragana korshinskii under different configuration modes to precipitation variation]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2013; 24:32-40. [PMID: 23717987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper studied the community characteristics of two sand-fixing plants (Artemisia ordosica and Caragana korshinskii) under different configuration modes (1 m x 1 m and 2 m x 2 m) in the Shapotou region of Northwest China as well as the water relation, gas exchange, and their adjustment mechanisms of the plants under natural and artificial precipitation conditions. With the variation of soil water content, the physiological water consumption and growth characteristics of A. ordosica differed from those of C. korshinskii. A. ordosica presented obvious fluctuation in the stomatal conductance, water potential, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate, and rapid growth, and had higher water consumption than C. korshinskii. However, the variations of the above-mentioned indices of C. korshinskii were relatively slow and more constant. The C. korshinskii had a lower photosynthetic rate but a very high accumulated biomass over years than A. ordosica. The response procedures and adjustment mechanisms of the two plants under water stress differed, with a water-conserving mechanism for A. ordosica and a water-saving mechanism for C. korshinskii. In extremely drought years, the C. korshinskii had stronger capabilities of water-saving and stress tolerance than A. ordosica. It was suggested that the selection of sand-fixing plants should have a view to the benefits in water saving and sand fixation, and also, to the stability of sand-fixing forest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Zhou
- Shapotou Station of Desert Experimental Research, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Shipley LA, Davis EM, Felicetti LA, McLean S, Forbey JS. Mechanisms for eliminating monoterpenes of sagebrush by specialist and generalist rabbits. J Chem Ecol 2012; 38:1178-89. [PMID: 23053918 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-012-0192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) are one of only three vertebrates that subsist virtually exclusively on sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), which contains high levels of monoterpenes that can be toxic. We examined the mechanisms used by specialist pygmy rabbits to eliminate 1,8-cineole, a monoterpene of sagebrush, and compared them with those of cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus nuttalli), a generalist herbivore. Rabbits were offered food pellets with increasing concentrations of cineole, and we measured voluntary intake and excretion of cineole metabolites in feces and urine. We expected pygmy rabbits to consume more, but excrete cineole more rapidly by using less-energetically expensive methods of detoxification than cottontails. Pygmy rabbits consumed 3-5 times more cineole than cottontails relative to their metabolic body mass, and excreted up to 2 times more cineole metabolites in their urine than did cottontails. Urinary metabolites excreted by pygmy rabbits were 20 % more highly-oxidized and 6 times less-conjugated than those of cottontails. Twenty percent of all cineole metabolites recovered from pygmy rabbits were in feces, whereas cottontails did not excrete fecal metabolites. When compared to other mammals that consume cineole, pygmy rabbits voluntarily consumed more, and excreted more cineole metabolites in feces, but they excreted less oxidized and more conjugated cineole metabolites in urine. Pygmy rabbits seem to have a greater capacity to minimize systemic exposure to cineole than do cottontails, and other cineole-consumers, by minimizing absorption and maximizing detoxification of ingested cineole. However, mechanisms that lower systemic exposure to cineole may come with a higher energetic cost in pygmy rabbits than in other mammalian herbivores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Shipley
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6410, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|