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Sun P, Cao Y, Qiu J, Kong J, Zhang S, Cao X. Inhibitory Mechanisms of Lekethromycin in Dog Liver Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Based on UPLC-MS/MS Cocktail Method. Molecules 2023; 28:7193. [PMID: 37894672 PMCID: PMC10609143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lekethromycin (LKMS) is a synthetic macrolide compound derivative intended for use as a veterinary medicine. Since there have been no in vitro studies evaluating its potential for drug-drug interactions related to cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, the effect of the inhibitory mechanisms of LKMS on CYP450 enzymes is still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of LKMS on dog CYP450 enzymes. A cocktail approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of LKMS on canine CYP450 enzymes. Typical probe substrates of phenacetin, coumarin, bupropion, tolbutamide, dextromethorphan, chlorzoxazone, and testosterone were used for CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4, respectively. This study showed that LKMS might not be a time-dependent inhibitor. LKMS inhibited CYP2A6, CYP2B6, and CYP2D6 via mixed inhibition. LKMS exhibited mixed-type inhibition against the activity of CYP2A6 with an inhibition constant (Ki) value of 135.6 μΜ. LKMS inhibited CYP2B6 in a mixed way, with Ki values of 59.44 μM. A phenotyping study based on an inhibition assay indicated that CYP2D6 contributes to the biotransformation of LKMS. A mixed inhibition of CYP2D6 with Ki values of 64.87 μM was also observed. Given that this study was performed in vitro, further in vivo studies should be conducted to identify the interaction between LKMS and canine CYP450 enzymes to provide data support for the clinical application of LKMS and the avoidance of adverse interactions between other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Sun
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuying Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jicheng Qiu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyuan Kong
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Suxia Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingyuan Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
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Chamberlain SR, Baldwin DS. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) in Psychiatric Practice: How to Use them Safely and Effectively. CNS Drugs 2021; 35:703-716. [PMID: 34240393 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-021-00832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) were among the first licensed pharmacological treatments for patients with depression but over time have fallen out of mainstream clinical use. This has led to a loss of clinician training opportunities and reduced availability of MAOIs for prescribing. This article provides a concise and practical overview of how to use MAOIs safely and effectively in psychiatric practice. We consider the history of MAOIs, why they are not used more frequently, their mechanisms of action, availability, indications and efficacy, general tolerability, withdrawal symptoms, and safety considerations (including hypertensive reactions and serotonin syndrome). Practical advice is given in terms of dietary restrictions, interactions with other medications (both prescribed and non-prescribed), and how prescribers can stop and switch MAOIs, both within the drug class and outside of it. We also provide advice on choice of MAOI and treatment sequencing. Lastly, we consider emerging directions and potential additional indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Chamberlain
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - David S Baldwin
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
- University Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- University Department of Psychiatry, University of Southampton, College Keep, 4-12 Terminus Terrace, Southampton, SO14 3DT, UK.
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Thentu JB, Bhyrapuneni G, Padala NP, Chunduru P, Pantangi HR, Nirogi R. Evaluation of monoamine oxidase A and B type enzyme occupancy using non-radiolabelled tracers in rat brain. Neurochem Int 2021; 145:105006. [PMID: 33636211 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes, type A and B metabolise the amine neurotransmitters of the body. Selective inhibition of either enzyme is an approach for treating neurodegenerative and stress-induced disorders, and inhibition of an enzyme is proportional to the binding of the MAO inhibitor. Conventionally, the binding of test compounds to enzymes is assessed by radiolabelled ligands in ex vivo and in vivo occupancy assays. Regulatory restrictions and turnaround time are the limitations of the methods that use radiolabelled ligands. But the use of non-radiolabelled tracers and sensitive mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based assays accelerated the determination of target occupancy in pre-clinical species. A report on use of non-radiolabelled ligand in in vivo MAO occupancy assay is not available. The objectives of the present study were to optimise non-radiolabelled harmine and deprenyl as selective tracers in MAO-A and MAO-B occupancy assays and evaluate MAO occupancy of test compounds in rat brain. Tracer optimisation resulted in a detectable, stable, and low ratio (<3.0) of tracer concentrations between any two brain tissues. In occupancy assay, tracer was intravenously administered (10 μg/kg, harmine or 60 μg/kg, L-deprenyl) after the treatment with test compound (clorgyline or tranylcypromine or pargyline or phenelzine or thioperamide). Specific brain tissues were isolated at a defined interval and tracer concentrations were quantified using LC-MS/MS method. Pre-treatment with MAO inhibitors resulted in a decrease (maximum, 80-85%) in harmine or an increase (maximum, 85-300%) in L-deprenyl concentrations. But we considered the change in tracer concentration, relative to the vehicle and positive control groups to calculate MAO occupancy. The observed selectivity and ratio of occupancies (ED50) of test compound towards MAO-A and MAO-B are comparable with the results from in vitro radiolabelled ligand-based inhibition assay. The results demonstrated the application of these non-radiolabelled tracers as suitable pre-clinical tools to determine MAO occupancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Babu Thentu
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd, Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Gopinadh Bhyrapuneni
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd, Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Nagasurya Prakash Padala
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd, Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Prathyusha Chunduru
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd, Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Hanumanth Rao Pantangi
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd, Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Ramakrishna Nirogi
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd, Serene Chambers, Road-5, Avenue-7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India.
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Protti M, Mandrioli R, Marasca C, Cavalli A, Serretti A, Mercolini L. New‐generation, non‐SSRI antidepressants: Drug‐drug interactions and therapeutic drug monitoring. Part 2: NaSSAs, NRIs, SNDRIs, MASSAs, NDRIs, and others. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1794-1832. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Protti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Pharmaco‐Toxicological Analysis Laboratory (PTA Lab)Alma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Roberto Mandrioli
- Department for Life Quality Studies (QuVi)Alma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of BolognaRimini Italy
| | - Camilla Marasca
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Pharmaco‐Toxicological Analysis Laboratory (PTA Lab)Alma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of Bologna Bologna Italy
- Computational and Chemical BiologyFondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Genoa Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Pharmaco‐Toxicological Analysis Laboratory (PTA Lab)Alma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of Bologna Bologna Italy
- Computational and Chemical BiologyFondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Genoa Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM)Alma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Pharmaco‐Toxicological Analysis Laboratory (PTA Lab)Alma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of Bologna Bologna Italy
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Costa R, Oliveira NG, Dinis-Oliveira RJ. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of bupropion: integrative overview of relevant clinical and forensic aspects. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 51:293-313. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2019.1620763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Costa
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno G. Oliveira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IINFACTS – Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
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Ma H, Zhang W, Yang X, Zhang Y, Wei S, Zhang H, Ma Y, Dang H. Effects of Genetic Polymorphisms of CYP2B6 on the Pharmacokinetics of Bupropion and Hydroxybupropion in Healthy Chinese Subjects. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:2158-2163. [PMID: 29637923 PMCID: PMC5914277 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bupropion (BUP) is an antidepressant and its pharmacological activity is mediated by its major metabolite, hydroxybupropion (HBUP). We investigated the effects of genetic polymorphisms of CYP2B6 on BUP and HBUP to provide certain evidence on the clinical rational administration of BUP. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plasma BUP and HBUP concentrations were assayed using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS A total of 23 healthy volunteers (eleven participants with CYP2B6*1/*1, 7 participants with CYP2B6*1/*6, 3 participants with CYP2B6*4/*6, and 2 participants with CYP2B6*1/*4) received orally administered 150 mg of BUP according to protocol. Blood samples were obtained up to 96 hours after administration. The whole blood was subject to genotyping by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The concentration-time curve (AUC(0→96)), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), and terminal half-life (t1/2) values of BUP in CYP2B6*1/*4 were lower than those of CYP2B6*1/*1. By contrast, the time to Cmax (tmax) value of the former was higher than that of the latter. The HBUP AUC(0→96) values in CYP2B6*4/*6 and CYP2B6*1/*4 increased to values 1.12-fold and 1.98-fold, compared with CYP2B6*1/*1 carriers. However, the HBUP AUC(0→96) value in CYP2B6*1/*1 was 1.51-fold higher than that in CYP2B6*1/*6. Similarly, the HBUP Cmax values in CYP2B6*4/*6 and CYP2B6*1/*4 increased by 1.12-fold and 1.97-fold, whereas the HBUP Cmax value in CYP2B6*1/*6 decreased to a value 1.64-fold lower than that in CYP2B6*1/*1. CONCLUSIONS Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2B6 influence the pharmacokinetic parameters of BUP and HBUP and thus establish rational BUP administration for Chinese patients in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, and College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, and College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, and College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, and College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, and College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Yanni Ma
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, and College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Hongwan Dang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, and College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
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Palacharla RC, Molgara P, Panthangi HR, Boggavarapu RK, Manoharan AK, Ponnamaneni RK, Ajjala DR, Nirogi R. Methoxsalen as an in vitro phenotyping tool in comparison with 1-aminobenzotriazole. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:169-176. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1434913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ulrich S, Ricken R, Adli M. Tranylcypromine in mind (Part I): Review of pharmacology. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:697-713. [PMID: 28655495 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been over 50 years since a review has focused exclusively on the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor tranylcypromine (TCP). A new review has therefore been conducted for TCP in two parts which are written to be read preferably in close conjunction: Part I - pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, toxicology; and Part II - clinical studies with meta-analysis of controlled studies in depression, practice of TCP treatment, place in therapy. Pharmacological data of this review part I characterize TCP as an irreversible and nonselective MAO-A/B inhibitor at low therapeutic doses of 20mg/day with supplementary norepinephrine reuptake inhibition at higher doses of 40-60mg/day. Serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and trace amines, such as the "endogenous amphetamine" phenylethylamine, are increased in brain, which leads to changes in neuroplasticity by e.g. increased neurotrophic growth factors and translates to reduced stress-induced hypersecretion of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and positive testing in animal studies of depression. TCP has a pharmacokinetic half-life (t1/2) of only 2h which is considerably lower than for most other antidepressant drugs. However, a very long pharmacodynamic half-life of about one week is found because of the irreversible MAO inhibition. New studies show that, except for cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6, no other drug metabolizing CYP-enzymes are inhibited by TCP at therapeutic doses which defines a low potential of pharmacokinetic interactions in the direction from TCP to other drugs. Insufficient information is available, however, for plasma concentrations of TCP influenced by comedication. More quantitative data are also needed for TCP metabolites such as p-hydroxytranylcypromine and N-acetyltranylcypromine. Pharmacodynamic drug interactions comprise for instance severe serotonin toxicity (SST) with serotonergic drugs and hypertensive crisis with indirect sympathomimetics. Because of the risk of severe food interaction, TCP treatment remains beset with the need for a mandatory tyramine-restricted diet. Toxicity in overdose is similar to amitriptyline and imipramine according to the distance of therapeutic to toxic doses. In conclusion, TCP is characterized by an exceptional pharmacology which is different to most other antidepressant drugs, and a more special evaluation of clinical efficacy and safety may therefore be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Ulrich
- Aristo Pharma GmbH, Wallenroder Str. 8-10, 13435 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Roland Ricken
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mazda Adli
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Wang Y, Xiang X, Wu SQ, Chen G, Zhang MM, Wang MG, Wang FJ, Sandford AJ, He JQ. Association of CYP2B6 gene polymorphisms and anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity in a Chinese population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 51:198-202. [PMID: 28389387 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH) remains a common and severe challenge in tuberculosis (TB) chemotherapy. A growing number of studies have revealed that genetic polymorphisms affect an individual's susceptibility to ATDH. The aim of this study was to explore the role of cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6 (CYP2B6) gene polymorphisms in the development of ATDH in Chinese TB patients. METHODS CYP2B6*6 genotypes were determined in TB patients with and without ATDH. Association between polymorphisms and risk of ATDH was estimated by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 343 eligible TB patients (166 with ATDH; 177 without ATDH) were included in this study. Analysis of all subjects revealed no statistical differences in genotype distribution between the two groups. However, the CYP2B6 *6/*6 genotype was significantly associated with decreased risk of ATDH in the male subgroup (P=0.039, OR=0.097, 95% CI: 0.011-0.885). Furthermore, in male patients, the presence of the CYP2B6*6 allele was significantly higher in the non-ATDH group compared with the ATDH group (26.2% vs. 15.5%, P=0.020, OR=0.522, 95% CI: 0.301-0.903). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate an association between CYP2B6 polymorphisms and the risk of ATDH in the Chinese population. We have shown that males who have the CYP2B6 *6/*6 genotype may be less susceptible to the development of ATDH. Further studies are required to confirm this genetic association result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Xiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shou-Quan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Miao-Miao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming-Gui Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng-Juan Wang
- Department of Hematology and Research Laboratory of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Andrew J Sandford
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jian-Qing He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Highly sensitive LC-MS/MS-ESI method for determination of phenelzine in human plasma and its application to a human pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1022:126-132. [PMID: 27085800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A selective, sensitive and rapid LC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for quantification of the phenelzine (PZ) in 200μL of human plasma using hydroxyzine (HZ) as an internal standard (IS) as per regulatory guidelines. The sample preparation involved the derivatization of PZ using pentaflurobenzaldehyde followed by solid phase extraction process to extract PZ and HZ from human plasma. LC-MS/MS was operated under the multiple reaction-monitoring mode (MRM) using the electro spray ionization technique in positive ion mode and the transitions of m/z 305.1→105.1 and m/z 375.3→201.1 were used to measure the derivative of PZ and IS, respectively. The total run time was 3.5min and the elution of PZ and HZ occurred at 2.53, and 1.92min, respectively; this was achieved with a mobile phase consisting of 10mM ammonium acetate: acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min on an Ace C18 column with a split ratio of 70:30. The developed method was validated in human plasma with a lower limit of quantitation 0.51ng/mL. A linear response function was established for the range of concentrations 0.51-25.2ng/mL (r>0.995) for PZ. The intra- and inter-day precision values met the acceptance criteria. PZ was stable in the battery of stability studies viz., stock solution, bench-top, auto-sampler, long-term and freeze/thaw cycles. The developed assay method was applied to an oral bioequivalence study in humans.
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