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Sechaud R, Gu H, Rahmanzadeh G, Taylor A, Chiparus O, Sharma GK, Breitschaft A, Menssen HD. Midostaurin drug interaction profile: a comprehensive assessment of CYP3A, CYP2B6, and CYP2C8 drug substrates, and oral contraceptives in healthy participants. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2024; 93:439-453. [PMID: 38270613 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Midostaurin, approved for treating FLT-3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia and advanced systemic mastocytosis, is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 to two major metabolites, and may inhibit and/or induce CYP3A, CYP2B6, and CYP2C8. Two studies investigated the impact of midostaurin on CYP substrate drugs and oral contraceptives in healthy participants. METHODS Using sentinel dosing for participants' safety, the effects of midostaurin at steady state following 25-day (Study 1) or 24-day (Study 2) dosing with 50 mg twice daily were evaluated on CYP substrates, midazolam (CYP3A4), bupropion (CYP2B6), and pioglitazone (CYP2C8) in Study 1; and monophasic oral contraceptives (containing ethinylestradiol [EES] and levonorgestrel [LVG]) in Study 2. RESULTS In Study 1, midostaurin resulted in a 10% increase in midazolam peak plasma concentrations (Cmax), and 3-4% decrease in total exposures (AUC). Bupropion showed a 55% decrease in Cmax and 48-49% decrease in AUCs. Pioglitazone showed a 10% decrease in Cmax and 6% decrease in AUC. In Study 2, midostaurin resulted in a 26% increase in Cmax and 7-10% increase in AUC of EES; and a 19% increase in Cmax and 29-42% increase in AUC of LVG. Midostaurin 50 mg twice daily for 28 days ensured that steady-state concentrations of midostaurin and the active metabolites were achieved by the time of CYP substrate drugs or oral contraceptive dosing. No safety concerns were reported. CONCLUSION Midostaurin neither inhibits nor induces CYP3A4 and CYP2C8, and weakly induces CYP2B6. Midostaurin at steady state has no clinically relevant PK interaction on hormonal contraceptives. All treatments were well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Gu
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | - Amanda Taylor
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
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Pang NH, Xu RA, Chen LG, Chen Z, Hu GX, Zhang BW. Inhibitory effects of the main metabolites of Apatinib on CYP450 isozymes in human and rat liver microsomes. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 95:105739. [PMID: 38042355 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The inhibitory effect of Apatinib on cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes has been studied. However, it is unknown whether the inhibition is related to the major metabolites, M1-1, M1-2 and M1-6. METHODS A 5-in-1 cocktail system composed of CYP2B6/Cyp2b1, CYP2C9/Cyp2c11, CYP2E1/Cyp2e1, CYP2D6/Cyp2d1 and CYP3A/Cyp3a2 was used in this study. Firstly, the effects of APA and its main metabolites on the activities of HLMs, RLMs and recombinant isoforms were examined. The reaction mixture included HLMs, RLMs or recombinant isoforms (CYP3A4.1, CYP2D6.1, CYP2D6.10 or CYP2C9.1), analyte (APA, M1-1, M1-2 or M1-6), probe substrates. The reactions were pre-incubated for 5 min at 37 °C, followed by the addition of NAPDH to initiate the reactions, which continued for 40 min. Secondly, IC50 experiments were conducted to determine if the inhibitions were reversible. The reaction mixture of the "+ NADPH Group" included HLMs or RLMs, 0 to 100 of μM M1-1 or M1-2, probe substrates. The reactions were pre-incubated for 5 min at 37 °C, and then NAPDH was added to initiate reactions, which proceeded for 40 min. The reaction mixture of the "- NADPH Group" included HLMs or RLMs, probe substrates, NAPDH. The reactions were pre-incubated for 30 min at 37 °C, and then 0 to 100 μM of M1-1 or M1-2 was added to initiate the reactions, which proceeded for 40 min. Finally, the reversible inhibition of M1-1 and M1-2 on isozymes was determined. The reaction mixture included HLMs or RLMs, 0 to 10 μM of M1-1 or M1-2, probe substrates with concentrations ranging from 0.25Km to 2Km. RESULTS Under the influence of M1-6, the activity of CYP2B6, 2C9, 2E1 and 3A4/5 was increased to 193.92%, 210.82%, 235.67% and 380.12% respectively; the activity of CYP2D6 was reduced to 92.61%. The inhibitory effects of M1-1 on CYP3A4/5 in HLMs and on Cyp2d1 in RLMs, as well as the effect of M1-2 on CYP3A in HLMs, were determined to be noncompetitive inhibition, with the Ki values equal to 1.340 μM, 1.151 μM and 1.829 μM, respectively. The inhibitory effect of M1-1 on CYP2B6 and CYP2D6 in HLMs, as well as the effect of M1-2 on CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 in HLMs, were determined to be competitive inhibition, with the Ki values equal to 12.280 μM, 2.046 μM, 0.560 μM and 4.377 μM, respectively. The inhibitory effects of M1-1 on CYP2C9 in HLMs and M1-2 on Cyp2d1 in RLMs were determined to be mixed-type, with the Ki values equal to 0.998 μM and 0.884 μM. The parameters could not be obtained due to the atypical kinetics of CYP2E1 in HLMs under the impact of M1-2. CONCLUSIONS M1-1 and M1-2 exhibited inhibition for several CYP450 isozymes, especially CYP2B6, 2C9, 2D6 and 3A4/5. This observation may uncover potential drug-drug interactions and provide valuable insights for the clinical application of APA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Hong Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University (Wenzhou People's Hospital), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ren-Ai Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Lian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University (Wenzhou People's Hospital), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | - Bo-Wen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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Wang PF, Yang Y, Patel V, Neiner A, Kharasch ED. Natural Products Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 2B6 Activity and Methadone Metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:252-265. [PMID: 38135504 PMCID: PMC10877711 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Methadone is cleared predominately by hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6-catalyzed metabolism to inactive metabolites. CYP2B6 also catalyzes the metabolism of several other drugs. Methadone and CYP2B6 are susceptible to pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions. Use of natural products such as herbals and other botanicals is substantial and growing, and concomitant use of prescription medicines and non-prescription herbals is common and may result in interactions, often precipitated by CYP inhibition. Little is known about herbal product effects on CYP2B6 activity, and CYP2B6-catalyzed methadone metabolism. We screened a family of natural product compounds used in traditional medicines, herbal teas, and synthetic analogs of compounds found in plants, including kavalactones, flavokavains, chalcones and gambogic acid, for inhibition of expressed CYP2B6 activity and specifically inhibition of CYP2B6-mediated methadone metabolism. An initial screen evaluated inhibition of CYP2B6-catalyzed 7-ethoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl) coumarin O-deethylation. Hits were further evaluated for inhibition of racemic methadone metabolism, including mechanism of inhibition and kinetic constants. In order of decreasing potency, the most effective inhibitors of methadone metabolism were dihydromethysticin (competitive, K i 0.074 µM), gambogic acid (noncompetitive, K i 6 µM), and 2,2'-dihydroxychalcone (noncompetitive, K i 16 µM). Molecular modeling of CYP2B6-methadone and inhibitor binding showed substrate and inhibitor binding position and orientation and their interactions with CYP2B6 residues. These results show that CYP2B6 and CYP2B6-catalyzed methadone metabolism are inhibited by certain natural products, at concentrations which may be clinically relevant. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This investigation identified several natural product constituents which inhibit in vitro human recombinant CYP2B6 and CYP2B6-catalyzed N-demethylation of the opioid methadone. The most potent inhibitors (K i) were dihydromethysticin (0.074 µM), gambogic acid (6 µM) and 2,2'-dihydroxychalcone (16 µM). Molecular modeling of ligand interactions with CYP2B6 found that dihydromethysticin and 2,2'-dihydroxychalcone bound at the active site, while gambogic acid interacted with an allosteric site on the CYP2B6 surface. Natural product constituents may inhibit CYP2B6 and methadone metabolism at clinically relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Fen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (P.-F.W., E.D.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri (Y.Y., V.P., A.N.)
| | - Yanming Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (P.-F.W., E.D.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri (Y.Y., V.P., A.N.)
| | - Vishal Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (P.-F.W., E.D.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri (Y.Y., V.P., A.N.)
| | - Alicia Neiner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (P.-F.W., E.D.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri (Y.Y., V.P., A.N.)
| | - Evan D Kharasch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (P.-F.W., E.D.K.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri (Y.Y., V.P., A.N.)
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Meakin AS, Nathanielsz PW, Li C, Clifton VL, Wiese MD, Morrison JL. Maternal obesity impacts fetal liver androgen signalling in a sex-specific manner. Life Sci 2024; 337:122344. [PMID: 38081408 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity (MO) increases fetal androgen concentrations, the prevalence of macrosomia, and predisposes offspring to metabolic dysfunction in later life, especially males. These risks may be, in part, the result of increased liver-specific androgen signalling pathway activity in utero. Androgen signalling activity can be suppressed by androgen metabolism via cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes (CYP2B6, CYP3A) or through inhibition of the full-length androgen receptor (AR-FL) via the antagonistic isoform, AR-45. We hypothesised MO impairs CYP enzyme activity and AR-45 expression in male fetal livers, thereby enhancing activity of androgen signalling pathways. METHODS Nine months prior to pregnancy, nulliparous female baboons were assigned to either ad libitum control or high fat diet. At 165 day (d) gestation (term, 180 d) fetal liver was collected (n = 6/sex/group). CYP activity was quantified using functional assays; subcellular AR expression was measured using Western blot. RESULTS CYP2B6 and CYP3A activity, and nuclear expression of AR-45, was reduced in MO males only. Nuclear AR-45 expression was inversely related with fetal body weight of MO males only. CONCLUSIONS Reduced CYP2B6 and CYP3A activity in conjunction with decreased nuclear AR-45 expression may enhance liver androgen signalling in males from MO pregnancies, thereby increasing the risk of macrosomia, as well as metabolic dysfunction in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S Meakin
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | | | - Cun Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Vicki L Clifton
- Mater Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael D Wiese
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Zhou Y, Dong H, Fan J, Zhu M, Liu L, Wang Y, Tang P, Chen X. Cytochrome P450 2B6 and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Enzyme-Mediated Clearance of Ciprofol (HSK3486) in Humans: The Role of Hepatic and Extrahepatic Metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:106-117. [PMID: 38071562 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciprofol (HSK3486) is a novel intravenous agent for general anesthesia. In humans, HSK3486 mainly undergoes glucuronidation to form M4 [fraction of clearance (fCL): 62.6%], followed by the formation of monohydroxylated metabolites that further undergo glucuronidation and sulfation to produce M5-1, M5-2, M5-3, and M3 (summed fCL: 35.2%). However, the complete metabolic pathways of HSK3486 in humans remain unclear. In this study, by comparison with chemically synthesized reference standards, three monohydroxylated metabolites [M7-1, 4-hydroxylation with an unbound intrinsic clearance (CLint,u) of 2211 μl/min/mg; M7-2, ω-hydroxylation with a CLint,u of 600 μl/min/mg; and M7-3, (ω-1)-hydroxylation with a CLint,u of 78.4 μl/min/mg] were identified in human liver microsomes, and CYP2B6 primarily catalyzed their formation. In humans, M7-1 was shown to undergo glucuronidation at the 4-position and 1-position by multiple UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) to produce M5-1 and M5-3, respectively, or was metabolized to M3 by cytosolic sulfotransferases. M7-2 was glucuronidated at the ω position by UGT1A9, 2B4, and 2B7 to form M5-2. UGT1A9 predominantly catalyzed the glucuronidation of HSK3486 (M4). The CLint,u values for M4 formation in human liver and kidney microsomes were 1028 and 3407 μl/min/mg, respectively. In vitro to in vivo extrapolation analysis suggested that renal glucuronidation contributed approximately 31.4% of the combined clearance. In addition to HSK3486 glucuronidation (M4), 4-hydroxylation (M7-1) was identified as another crucial oxidative metabolic pathway (fCL: 34.5%). Further attention should be paid to the impact of CYP2B6- and UGT1A9-mediated drug interactions and gene polymorphisms on the exposure and efficacy of HSK3486. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This research elucidates the major oxidative metabolic pathways of HSK3486 (the formation of three monohydroxylated metabolites: M7-1, M7-2, M7-3) as well as definitive structures and formation pathways of these monohydroxylated metabolites and their glucuronides or sulfate in humans. This research also identifies major metabolizing enzymes responsible for the glucuronidation (UGT1A9) and oxidation (CYP2B6) of HSK3486 and characterizes the mechanism of extrahepatic metabolism. The above information is helpful in guiding the safe use of HSK3486 in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.Z., L.L., Y.W., X.C.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Y.Z., X.C.); Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China (H.D., J.F., M.Z., P.T.); and MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.)
| | - Hongjiao Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.Z., L.L., Y.W., X.C.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Y.Z., X.C.); Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China (H.D., J.F., M.Z., P.T.); and MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.)
| | - Jiang Fan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.Z., L.L., Y.W., X.C.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Y.Z., X.C.); Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China (H.D., J.F., M.Z., P.T.); and MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.)
| | - Mingshe Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.Z., L.L., Y.W., X.C.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Y.Z., X.C.); Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China (H.D., J.F., M.Z., P.T.); and MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.)
| | - Lu Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.Z., L.L., Y.W., X.C.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Y.Z., X.C.); Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China (H.D., J.F., M.Z., P.T.); and MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.)
| | - Yongbin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.Z., L.L., Y.W., X.C.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Y.Z., X.C.); Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China (H.D., J.F., M.Z., P.T.); and MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.)
| | - Pingming Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.Z., L.L., Y.W., X.C.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Y.Z., X.C.); Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China (H.D., J.F., M.Z., P.T.); and MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.Z., L.L., Y.W., X.C.); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (Y.Z., X.C.); Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China (H.D., J.F., M.Z., P.T.); and MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.)
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Hou L, Zhao Y, Zhao S, Zhang X, Yao X, Yang J, Wang Z, Chan ECY, Liu S. Ciprofol is primarily glucuronidated by UGT1A9 and predicted not to cause drug-drug interactions with typical substrates of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 387:110811. [PMID: 37993078 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Ciprofol is a novel intravenous anesthetic agent. Its major glucuronide metabolite, M4, is found in plasma and urine. However, the specific isoforms of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) that metabolize ciprofol to M4 remain unknown. This study systematically characterized UGTs that contribute to the formation of M4 using human liver microsomes (HLM), human intestinal microsomes (HIM), and human recombinant UGTs. The inhibitory potential of ciprofol and M4 against major human UGTs and cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) was also explored. In vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) simulations were performed to predict potential in vivo drug-drug interactions (DDIs) caused by ciprofol. Glucuronidation of ciprofol followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics in both HLM and HIM with apparent Km values of 345 and 412 μM, Vmax values of 2214 and 444 nmol min-1·mg protein-1, respectively. The in vitro intrinsic clearances (CLint = Vmax/Km) for ciprofol glucuronidation by HLM and HIM were 6.4 and 1.1 μL min-1·mg protein-1, respectively. Human recombinant UGT studies revealed that UGT1A9 is the predominant isoform mediating M4 formation, followed by UGT1A7, with UGT1A8 playing a minor role. Ciprofol competitively inhibited CYP1A2 (Ki = 12 μM) and CYP2B6 (Ki = 4.7 μM), and noncompetitively inhibited CYP2C19 (Ki = 29 μM). No time-dependent inhibition by ciprofol was noted for CYP1A2, CYP2B6, or CYP2C19. In contrast, M4 showed limited or no inhibitory effects against selected P450s. Neither ciprofol nor M4 inhibited UGTs significantly. Initial IVIVE suggested potential ciprofol-mediated inhibition of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19 inhibition in vivo. However, PBPK simulations showed no significant effect on phenacetin, bupropion, and S-mephenytoin exposure or peak plasma concentration. Our findings are pertinent for future DDI studies of ciprofol as either a perpetrator or victim drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - XueXia Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Henan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziteng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuaibing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Sun P, Cao Y, Qiu J, Kong J, Zhang S, Cao X. Inhibitory Mechanisms of Lekethromycin in Dog Liver Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Based on UPLC-MS/MS Cocktail Method. Molecules 2023; 28:7193. [PMID: 37894672 PMCID: PMC10609143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lekethromycin (LKMS) is a synthetic macrolide compound derivative intended for use as a veterinary medicine. Since there have been no in vitro studies evaluating its potential for drug-drug interactions related to cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, the effect of the inhibitory mechanisms of LKMS on CYP450 enzymes is still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of LKMS on dog CYP450 enzymes. A cocktail approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of LKMS on canine CYP450 enzymes. Typical probe substrates of phenacetin, coumarin, bupropion, tolbutamide, dextromethorphan, chlorzoxazone, and testosterone were used for CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4, respectively. This study showed that LKMS might not be a time-dependent inhibitor. LKMS inhibited CYP2A6, CYP2B6, and CYP2D6 via mixed inhibition. LKMS exhibited mixed-type inhibition against the activity of CYP2A6 with an inhibition constant (Ki) value of 135.6 μΜ. LKMS inhibited CYP2B6 in a mixed way, with Ki values of 59.44 μM. A phenotyping study based on an inhibition assay indicated that CYP2D6 contributes to the biotransformation of LKMS. A mixed inhibition of CYP2D6 with Ki values of 64.87 μM was also observed. Given that this study was performed in vitro, further in vivo studies should be conducted to identify the interaction between LKMS and canine CYP450 enzymes to provide data support for the clinical application of LKMS and the avoidance of adverse interactions between other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Sun
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuying Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jicheng Qiu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyuan Kong
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Suxia Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingyuan Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.S.); (Y.C.); (J.Q.); (J.K.); (S.Z.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
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8
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Li L, Lu Z, Liu G, Tang Y, Li W. Machine Learning Models to Predict Cytochrome P450 2B6 Inhibitors and Substrates. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1332-1344. [PMID: 37437120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) is responsible for the metabolism of ∼7% of marketed drugs. The in vitro drug interaction studies guidance for industry issued by the FDA stipulates that drug sponsors need to evaluate whether the investigated drugs interact with the major drug-metabolizing P450s including CYP2B6. Therefore, there has been greater attention to the development of predictive models for CYP2B6 inhibitors and substrates. In this study, conventional machine learning and deep learning models were developed to predict CYP2B6 inhibitors and substrates. Our results showed that the best CYP2B6 inhibitor model yielded the AUC values of 0.95 and 0.75 with the 10-fold cross-validation and the test set, respectively, and the best CYP2B6 substrate model produced the AUC values of 0.93 and 0.90 with the 10-fold cross-validation and the test set, respectively. The generalization ability of the CYP2B6 inhibitor and substrate models was assessed by using the external validation sets. Several significant substructural fragments relevant to CYP2B6 inhibitors and substrates were detected via frequency substructure analysis and information gain. In addition, the applicability domain of the models was defined by employing a nonparametric method based on the probability density distribution. We anticipate that our results would be useful for the prediction of potential CYP2B6 inhibitors and substrates in the early stage of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqiang Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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9
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Mangó K, Fekete F, Kiss ÁF, Erdős R, Fekete JT, Bűdi T, Bruckner E, Garami M, Micsik T, Monostory K. Association between CYP2B6 genetic variability and cyclophosphamide therapy in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11770. [PMID: 37479763 PMCID: PMC10361978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38983-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide, an oxazaphosphorine prodrug is frequently used in treatment of neuroblastoma, which is one of the most prevalent solid organ malignancies in infants and young children. Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) is the major catalyst and CYP2C19 is the minor enzyme in bioactivation and inactivation pathways of cyclophosphamide. CYP-mediated metabolism may contribute to the variable pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide and its toxic byproducts leading to insufficient response to the therapy and development of clinically significant side effects. The aim of the study was to reveal the contribution of pharmacogenetic variability in CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 to the treatment efficacy and cyclophosphamide-induced side effects in pediatric neuroblastoma patients under cyclophosphamide therapy (N = 50). Cyclophosphamide-induced hematologic toxicities were pivotal in all patients, whereas only moderate hepatorenal toxicity was developed. The patients' CYP2B6 metabolizer phenotypes were associated with the occurrence of lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and monocytopenia as well as of liver injury, but not with kidney or urinary bladder (hemorrhagic cystitis) toxicities. Furthermore, the patients' age (< 1.5 years, P = 0.03) and female gender (P ≤ 0.02), but not CYP2B6 or CYP2C19 metabolizer phenotypes appeared as significant prognostic factors in treatment outcomes. Our results may contribute to a better understanding of the impact of CYP2B6 variability on cyclophosphamide-induced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Mangó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semmelweis University, Üllői 26, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fekete
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Ferenc Kiss
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Erdős
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Tibor Fekete
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó 7-9, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bűdi
- Center of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó 7-9, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Bruckner
- Center of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó 7-9, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Garami
- Center of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó 7-9, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Micsik
- Fejér County Saint George University Teaching Hospital, Seregélyesi 3, 8000, Székesfehérvár, Hungary
| | - Katalin Monostory
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
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10
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Angle ED, Cox PM. Multidisciplinary Insights into the Structure-Function Relationship of the CYP2B6 Active Site. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:369-384. [PMID: 36418184 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) is a highly polymorphic human enzyme involved in the metabolism of many clinically relevant drugs, environmental toxins, and endogenous molecules with disparate structures. Over the last 20-plus years, in silico and in vitro studies of CYP2B6 using various ligands have provided foundational information regarding the substrate specificity and structure-function relationship of this enzyme. Approaches such as homology modeling, X-ray crystallography, molecular docking, and kinetic activity assays coupled with CYP2B6 mutagenesis have done much to characterize this originally neglected monooxygenase. However, a complete understanding of the structural details that make new chemical entities substrates of CYP2B6 is still lacking. Surprisingly little in vitro data has been obtained about the structure-function relationship of amino acids identified to be in the CYP2B6 active site. Since much attention has already been devoted to elucidating the function of CYP2B6 allelic variants, here we review the salient findings of in silico and in vitro studies of the CYP2B6 structure-function relationship with a deliberate focus on the active site. In addition to summarizing these complementary approaches to studying structure-function relationships, we note gaps/challenges in existing data such as the need for more CYP2B6 crystal structures, molecular docking results with various ligands, and data coupling CYP2B6 active site mutagenesis with kinetic parameter measurement under standard expression conditions. Harnessing in silico and in vitro techniques in tandem to understand the CYP2B6 structure-function relationship will likely offer further insights into CYP2B6-mediated metabolism. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The apparent importance of cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) in the metabolism of various xenobiotics and endogenous molecules has grown since its discovery with many in silico and in vitro studies offering a partial description of its structure-function relationship. Determining the structure-function relationship of CYP2B6 is difficult but may be aided by thorough biochemical investigations of the CYP2B6 active site that provide a more complete pharmacological understanding of this important enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan D Angle
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, California (E.D.A., P.M.C.) and Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (E.D.A.)
| | - Philip M Cox
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, California (E.D.A., P.M.C.) and Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (E.D.A.)
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11
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Nasrin S, Coates S, Bardhi K, Watson C, Muscat JE, Lazarus P. Inhibition of Nicotine Metabolism by Cannabidiol (CBD) and 7-Hydroxycannabidiol (7-OH-CBD). Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:177-187. [PMID: 36626330 PMCID: PMC9945182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis-based products have experienced notable increases in co-usage alongside tobacco products. Several cannabinoids exhibit inhibition of a number of cytochrome P450 (CYP) and UDP glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes, but few studies have examined their inhibition of enzymes involved in nicotine metabolism. The goal of the present study was to examine potential drug-drug interactions occurring in the nicotine metabolism pathway perpetrated by cannabidiol (CBD) and its active metabolite, 7-hydroxy-CBD (7-OH-CBD). The inhibitory effects of CBD and 7-OH-CBD were tested in microsomes from HEK293 cells overexpressing individual metabolizing enzymes and from human liver tissue. Assays with overexpressing microsomes demonstrated that CBD and 7-OH-CBD inhibited CYP-mediated nicotine metabolism. Binding-corrected IC50,u values for CBD inhibition of nicotine metabolism to cotinine and nornicotine, and cotinine metabolism to trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (3HC), were 0.27 ± 0.060, 0.23 ± 0.14, and 0.21 ± 0.14 μM, respectively, for CYP2A6; and 0.26 ± 0.17 and 0.029 ± 0.0050 μM for cotinine and nornicotine formation, respectively, for CYP2B6. 7-OH-CBD IC50,u values were 0.45 ± 0.18, 0.16 ± 0.08, and 0.78 ± 0.23 μM for cotinine, nornicotine, and 3HC formation, respectively, for CYP2A6, and 1.2 ± 0.44 and 0.11 ± 0.030 μM for cotinine and nornicotine formation, respectively, for CYP2B6. Similar IC50,u values were observed in HLM. Inhibition (IC50,u = 0.37 ± 0.06 μM) of 3HC to 3HC-glucuronide formation by UGT1A9 was demonstrated by CBD. Significant inhibition of nicotine metabolism pathways by CBD and 7-OH-CBD suggests that cannabinoids may inhibit nicotine metabolism, potentially impacting tobacco addiction and cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamema Nasrin
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington99223, United States
| | - Shelby Coates
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington99223, United States
| | - Keti Bardhi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington99223, United States
| | - Christy Watson
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington99223, United States
| | - Joshua E. Muscat
- Penn
State Cancer Institute, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania17033, United States
| | - Philip Lazarus
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington99223, United States
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12
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Perez-Paramo YX, Watson CJW, Chen G, Lazarus P. CYP2C19 Plays a Major Role in the Hepatic N-Oxidation of Cotinine. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:29-37. [PMID: 35197312 PMCID: PMC9832378 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary mode of metabolism of nicotine is via the formation of cotinine by the enzyme CYP2A6. Cotinine undergoes further CYP2A6-mediated metabolism by hydroxylation to 3-hydroxycotinine and norcotinine, but can also form cotinine-N-glucuronide and cotinine-N-oxide (COX). The goal of this study was to investigate the enzymes that catalyze COX formation and determine whether genetic variation in these enzymes may affect this pathway. Specific inhibitors of major hepatic cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes were used in cotinine-N-oxidation reactions using pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs). COX formation was monitored by ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and enzyme kinetic analysis was performed using microsomes from P450-overexpressing human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell lines. Genotype-phenotype analysis was performed in a panel of 113 human liver specimens. Inhibition of COX formation was only observed in HLMs when using inhibitors of CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4. Microsomes from cells overexpressing CYP2A6 or CYP2C19 exhibited similar N-oxidation activity against cotinine, with maximum reaction rate over Michaelis constant values (intrinsic clearance) of 4.4 and 4.2 nL/min/mg, respectively. CYP2B6-, CYP2E1-, and CYP3A4-overexpressing microsomes were also active in COX formation. Significant associations (P < 0.05) were observed between COX formation and genetic variants in CYP2C19 (*2 and *17 alleles) in HLMs. These results demonstrate that genetic variants in CYP2C19 are associated with decreased COX formation, potentially affecting the relative levels of cotinine in the plasma or urine of smokers and ultimately affecting recommended smoking cessation therapies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study is the first to elucidate the enzymes responsible for cotinine-N-oxide formation and genetic variants that affect this biological pathway. Genetic variants in CYP2C19 have the potential to modify nicotine metabolic ratio in smokers and could affect pharmacotherapeutic decisions for smoking cessation treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadira X Perez-Paramo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Christy J W Watson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Philip Lazarus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
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13
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Ito T, Miwa C, Haga Y, Kubo M, Itoh T, Yamamoto K, Mise S, Goto E, Tsuzuki H, Matsumura C, Nakano T, Inui H. Enantioselective metabolism of chiral polychlorinated biphenyl 2,2',3,4,4',5',6-Heptachlorobiphenyl (CB183) by human and rat CYP2B subfamilies. Chemosphere 2022; 308:136349. [PMID: 36084836 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chiral polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have atropisomers that have different axial chiralities and exist as racemic mixtures. However, biochemical processes often result in the unequal accumulation of these atropisomers in organisms. This phenomenon leads to enantiospecific toxicity enhancement or reduction because either of the atropisomers mainly affects toxicity expression. Enantioselective accumulation is caused by cytochrome P450 (CYP, P450) monooxygenases, especially the CYP2B subfamilies. Therefore, this study investigates the metabolism of a chiral PCB in vitro. Both atropisomers isolated from racemic 2,2',3,4,4',5',6-heptachlorobiphenyl (CB183) were metabolized by human CYP2B6, but not rat CYP2B1. This may be due to the difference in the size of the substrate-binding cavities of CYP2B6 and CYP2B1. The stable accommodation of (-)-CB183 in the cavity without any steric hindrance explained the preferential metabolism of (-)-CB183 compared to (+)-CB183. Two hydroxylated metabolites, 3'-OH-CB183 and 5-OH-CB183, were identified. The docking study showed that the 3'-position of the trichlorophenyl ring closely approaches the heme of CYP2B6. To our knowledge, this is the first study to elucidate the structural basis of chiral PCB metabolism by P450 isozymes. These results will help promote the precise toxicity evaluation of chiral PCBs and provide an explanation of the structural basis of chiral PCB metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terushi Ito
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chiharu Miwa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Haga
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, 3-1-18 Yukihiracho, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0037, Japan
| | - Makoto Kubo
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Itoh
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Shintaro Mise
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Erika Goto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Harunobu Tsuzuki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chisato Matsumura
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, 3-1-18 Yukihiracho, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0037, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Research Center for Environmental Preservation, Osaka University, 2-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Inui
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan; Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
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14
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Wang PF, Sharma A, Montana M, Neiner A, Juriga L, Reddy KN, Tallchief D, Blood J, Kharasch ED. Methadone pharmacogenetics in vitro and in vivo: Metabolism by CYP2B6 polymorphic variants and genetic variability in paediatric disposition. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 88:4881-4893. [PMID: 35538637 PMCID: PMC10908252 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Methadone metabolism and clearance are determined principally by polymorphic cytochrome P4502B6 (CYP2B6). Some CYP2B6 allelic variants affect methadone metabolism in vitro and disposition in vivo. We assessed methadone metabolism by CYP2B6 minor variants in vitro. We also assessed the influence of CYP2B6 variants, and P450 oxidoreductase (POR) and CYP2C19 variants, on methadone clearance in surgical patients in vivo. METHODS CYP2B6 and P450 oxidoreductase variants were coexpressed with cytochrome b5 . The metabolism of methadone racemate and enantiomers was measured at therapeutic concentrations and intrinsic clearances were determined. Adolescents receiving methadone for surgery were genotyped for CYP2B6, CYP2C19 and POR, and methadone clearance and metabolite formation clearance were determined. RESULTS In vitro, CYP2B6.4 was more active than wild-type CYP2B6.1. CYPs 2B6.5, 2B6.6, 2B6.7, 2B6.9, 2B6.17, 2B6.19 and 2B6.26 were less active. CYPs 2B6.16 and 2B6.18 were inactive. CYP2B6.1 expressed with POR variants POR.28, POR.5 and P228L had lower rates of methadone metabolism than wild-type reductase. In vivo, methadone clinical clearance decreased linearly with the number of CYP2B6 slow metabolizer alleles, but was not different in CYP2C19 slow or rapid metabolizer phenotypes, or in carriers of the POR*28 allele. CONCLUSIONS Several CYP2B6 and POR variants were slow metabolizers of methadone in vitro. Polymorphisms in CYP2B6, but not CYP2C19 or P450 reductase, affected methadone clearance in vivo. CYP2B6 polymorphisms 516G>T and 983T>C code for canonical loss of function variants and should be assessed when considering genetic influences on clinical methadone disposition. These complementary translational in vitro and in vivo results inform on pharmacogenetic variability affecting methadone disposition in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Fen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anshuman Sharma
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Montana
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alicia Neiner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Kavya Narayana Reddy
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AK, USA
| | - Dani Tallchief
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jane Blood
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Evan D Kharasch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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15
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Inui H, Ito T, Miwa C, Haga Y, Kubo M, Itoh T, Yamamoto K, Miyaoka M, Mori T, Tsuzuki H, Mise S, Goto E, Matsumura C, Nakano T. Differences in Enantioselective Hydroxylation of 2,2',3,6-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (CB45) and 2,2',3,4',6-Pentachlorobiphenyl (CB91) by Human and Rat CYP2B Subfamilies. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:10204-10215. [PMID: 35801261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were commercially banned half a century ago, contamination of the environment and organisms by PCBs is still observed. PCBs show high persistence and bioaccumulation, resulting in toxicity. Among PCBs, chiral PCBs with more than three chlorine atoms at the ortho-position exhibit developmental and neurodevelopmental toxicity. Because toxicity is dependent on the atropisomer, atropisomer-specific metabolism is vital in determining toxicity. However, structural information on enantioselective metabolism remains elusive. Cytochrome P450 (CYP, P450) monooxygenases, particularly human CYP2B6 and rat CYP2B1, metabolize separated atropisomers of 2,2',3,6-tetrachlorobiphenyl (CB45) and 2,2',3,4',6-pentachlorobiphenyl (CB91) to dechlorinated and hydroxylated metabolites. Docking studies using human CYP2B6 predict 4'-hydroxy (OH)-CB45 from (aR)-CB45 as a major metabolite of CB45. Di-OH- and dechlorinated OH-metabolites from human CYP2B6 and rat CYP2B1 are also detected. Several hydroxylated metabolites are derived from CB91 by both P450s; 5-OH-CB91 is predicted as a major metabolite. CB91 dechlorination is also detected by identifying 3-OH-CB51. A stable conformation of PCBs in the substrate-binding cavity and close distance to P450 heme are responsible for high metabolizing activities. As hydroxylation and dechlorination change PCB toxicity, this approach helps understand the possible toxicity of chiral PCBs in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Inui
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Terushi Ito
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chiharu Miwa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Haga
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, 3-1-18 Yukihiracho, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037, Japan
| | - Makoto Kubo
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Itoh
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miyaoka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Harunobu Tsuzuki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shintaro Mise
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Erika Goto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chisato Matsumura
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences, 3-1-18 Yukihiracho, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0037, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Research Center for Environmental Preservation, Osaka University, 2-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Yadav AS, Stevison F, Kosaka M, Wong S, Kenny JR, Amory JK, Isoherranen N. Isotretinoin and its Metabolites Alter mRNA of Multiple Enzyme and Transporter Genes In Vitro, but Downregulation of Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide Does Not Translate to the Clinic. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:1042-1052. [PMID: 35545255 PMCID: PMC11022860 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Isotretinoin [13-cis-retinoic acid (13cisRA)] is widely used for the treatment of neuroblastoma and acne. It acts via regulating gene transcription through binding to retinoic acid receptors. Yet, the potential for isotretinoin to cause transcriptionally mediated drug-drug interactions (DDIs) has not been fully explored. We hypothesized that isotretinoin and its active metabolites all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) and 4-oxo-13cisRA would alter the transcription of enzymes and transporters in the human liver via binding to nuclear receptors. The goal of this study was to define the DDI potential of isotretinoin and its metabolites resulting from transcriptional regulation of cytochrome P450 and transporter mRNAs. In human hepatocytes (n = 3), 13cisRA, atRA, and 4-oxo-13cisRA decreased OATP1B1, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP2D6 mRNA and increased CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 mRNA in a concentration-dependent manner. The EC50 values for OATP1B1 mRNA downregulation ranged from 2 to 110 nM, with maximum effect (Emax ) ranging from 0.17- to 0.54-fold. Based on the EC50 and Emax values and the known circulating concentrations of 13cisRA and its metabolites after isotretinoin dosing, a 55% decrease in OATP1B1 activity was predicted in vivo. In vivo DDI potential was evaluated clinically in participants dosed with isotretinoin for up to 32 weeks using coproporphyrin-I (CP-I) as an OATP1B1 biomarker. CP-I steady-state serum concentrations were unaltered following 2, 8, or 16 weeks of isotretinoin treatment. These data show that isotretinoin and its metabolites alter transcription of multiple enzymes and transporters in vitro, but translation of these changes to in vivo drug-drug interactions requires clinical evaluation for each enzyme. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Isotretinoin and its metabolites alter the mRNA expression of multiple cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and transporters in human hepatocytes, suggesting that isotretinoin may cause clinically significant drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Despite the observed changes in organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) mRNA in human hepatocytes, no clinical DDI was observed when measuring a biomarker, coproporphyrin-I. Further work is needed to determine whether these findings can be extrapolated to a lack of a DDI with CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP2C9 substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aprajita S Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (A.S.Y., F.S., N.I.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (M.K., S.W., J.R.K.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.K.A.)
| | - Faith Stevison
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (A.S.Y., F.S., N.I.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (M.K., S.W., J.R.K.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.K.A.)
| | - Mika Kosaka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (A.S.Y., F.S., N.I.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (M.K., S.W., J.R.K.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.K.A.)
| | - Susan Wong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (A.S.Y., F.S., N.I.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (M.K., S.W., J.R.K.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.K.A.)
| | - Jane R Kenny
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (A.S.Y., F.S., N.I.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (M.K., S.W., J.R.K.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.K.A.)
| | - John K Amory
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (A.S.Y., F.S., N.I.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (M.K., S.W., J.R.K.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.K.A.)
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (A.S.Y., F.S., N.I.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California (M.K., S.W., J.R.K.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (J.K.A.)
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17
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Chawar C, Hillmer A, Lamri A, Kapczinski F, Thabane L, Pare G, Samaan Z. Implications of OPRM1 and CYP2B6 variants on treatment outcomes in methadone-maintained patients in Ontario: Exploring sex differences. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261201. [PMID: 34910759 PMCID: PMC8673616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants in the OPRM1 and CYP2B6 genes, respectively coding for an opioid receptor and methadone metabolizers, have been linked to negative treatment outcomes in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment, with little consensus on their effect. This study aims to test the associations between pre-selected SNPs of OPRM1 and CYP2B6 and outcomes of continued opioid use, relapse, and methadone dose. It also aims to observe differences in associations within the sexes. 1,172 participants treated with methadone (nMale = 666, nFemale = 506) were included in this study. SNPs rs73568641 and rs7451325 from OPRM1 and all the tested CYP2B6 SNPs were detected to be in high linkage disequilibrium. Though no associations were found to be significant, noteworthy differences were observed in associations of OPRM1 rs73568641 and CYP2B6 rs3745274 with treatment outcomes between males and females. Further research is needed to determine if sex-specific differences are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroul Chawar
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alannah Hillmer
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amel Lamri
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Flavio Kapczinski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Method, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Father Sean O’Sullivan Research Centre, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Guillaume Pare
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Method, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Zainab Samaan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Xiong X, Yu D, Gao Q, Zhang Y, Yin Q, Chen X, Xiao H, Tong R. Association between CYP2B6 c.516G >T variant and acute leukaemia: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26740. [PMID: 34397877 PMCID: PMC8360481 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute leukemia (AL) is a kind of malignant tumor of hematopoietic system. A number of studies have suggested that Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms are significantly associated with risk of AL. Present study performs meta-analysis to evaluate the association between CYP2B6 c.516G>T variant and AL risk. METHODS Databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang were searched for literatures to September 30, 2019, both in English and Chinese. Relative risk and its 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the associations. Statistical analyses of this meta-analysis were conducted by using STATA 13.0. software. RESULTS A total of 7 studies, including 1038 cases and 1648 controls, were analyzed. Our results indicated that CYP2B6 c.516G>T variant was significantly related to an increased the risk of AL under dominant model, recessive model, homozygote model, and allelic model. In addition, subgroup analyses were also performed by disease classification, country, and study design. No significant associations were obtained between CYP2B6 c.516G>T variant and the risk of AL under the recessive model in the design of hospital-based (relative risk = 0.98; 95% confidence interval: 0.95-1.01; P = 0.118). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis indicated that the CYP2B6 variant is significantly associated with AL risk, in which CYP2B6 c.516G>T is related to an increased risk of AL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
| | - Dongke Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
| | - Qiaoyue Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Wenjiang District People ‘s Hospital of Chengdu
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
| | - Qinan Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
| | - Xiaotao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
| | - Hongtao Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, School of medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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Luo N, Sun M, Han X, Li L, Wang L, Cheng Z. Preclinical metabolic characterization of mefunidone, a novel anti-renal fibrosis drug. Life Sci 2021; 280:119666. [PMID: 34087279 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The preclinical evaluation of innovative drugs plays an important role in the new drugs development. As a derivative of pirfenidone (PFD), mefunidone (MFD) has shown better anti-fibrosis and anti-inflammatory activity in both cell lines and animal models. To support the clinical investigations of MFD, the metabolic characterization of MFD was initially evaluated in preclinical models. MAIN METHODS The potential metabolites of MFD were analyzed by LC-MS/MS methods. The induction effect of MFD on CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 was performed in primary human hepatocytes, and the inhibition of CYP enzymes by MFD was also evaluated in human liver microsomes. Finally, the pharmacokinetic profiles of MFD were assessed in SD rats after the rats had received multiple doses (62.5 mg/kg) of MFD. KEY FINDINGS MFD was metabolized in three pathways including oxidation, N-demethylation, and hydroxylation. Except for slight inhibition on the activity of CYP2D6, MFD exerted no effect on other CYP enzymes. Moreover, drug accumulation of MFD was not observed in rats after repeated dosing of MFD. SIGNIFICANCE MFD was first discovered in preclinical investigations without inducing and inhibiting metabolic enzymes. This work provides some important information about the metabolic characterization of MFD for its further clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Luo
- Research Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Xiangya Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Research Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Xiangya Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xuhua Han
- Research Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Xiangya Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Linling Li
- Research Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Xiangya Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Research Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Xiangya Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Zeneng Cheng
- Research Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Xiangya Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
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20
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Hamilton MC, Heintz MM, Pfohl M, Marques E, Ford L, Slitt AL, Baldwin WS. Increased toxicity and retention of perflourooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in humanized CYP2B6-Transgenic mice compared to Cyp2b-null mice is relieved by a high-fat diet (HFD). Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112175. [PMID: 33838175 PMCID: PMC8154739 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PFOS is a persistent, fluorosurfactant used in multiple products. Murine Cyp2b's are induced by PFOS and high-fat diets (HFD) and therefore we hypothesized that human CYP2B6 may alleviate PFOS-induced steatosis. Cyp2b-null and hCYP2B6-Tg mice were treated with 0, 1, or 10 mg/kg/day PFOS by oral gavage for 21-days while provided a chow diet (ND) or HFD. Similar to murine Cyp2b10, CYP2B6 is inducible by PFOS. Furthermore, three ND-fed hCYP2B6-Tg females treated with 10 mg/kg/day PFOS died during the exposure period; neither Cyp2b-null nor HFD-fed mice died. hCYP2B6-Tg mice retained more PFOS in serum and liver than Cyp2b-null mice presumably causing the observed toxicity. In contrast, serum PFOS retention was reduced in the HFD-fed hCYP2B6-Tg mice; the opposite trend observed in HFD-fed Cyp2b-null mice. Hepatotoxicity biomarkers, ALT and ALP, were higher in PFOS-treated mice and repressed by a HFD. However, PFOS combined with a HFD exacerbated steatosis in all mice, especially in the hCYP2B6-Tg mice with significant disruption of key lipid metabolism genes such as Srebp1, Pparg, and Hmgcr. In conclusion, CYP2B6 is induced by PFOS but does not alleviate PFOS toxicity presumably due to increased retention. CYP2B6 protects from PFOS-mediated steatosis in ND-fed mice, but increases steatosis when co-treated with a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Hamilton
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Melissa M Heintz
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Marisa Pfohl
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Emily Marques
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Lucie Ford
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Angela L Slitt
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - William S Baldwin
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
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21
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Kumar S, Bouic PJ, Rosenkranz B. Investigation of CYP2B6, 3A4 and β-esterase interactions of Withania somnifera (L.) dunal in human liver microsomes and HepG2 cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 270:113766. [PMID: 33395575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae) is a traditional herb, used in African indigenous systems of medicine for the treatment of various diseases (including HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis). The relevance of clinically significant interactions of Withania with ARVs and anti-TB drugs needs to be investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study evaluated the effects of its roots on cytochromes P450 (CYPs) 2B6, 3A4, and rifampicin metabolism pathway, using methanol, ethanol, aqueous, and ethyl acetate solvent extractions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extracts were tested on human liver microsomes (HLM) for CYP inhibition, mRNA expression in HepG2 cells for CYP induction. Biochemical qualitative tests and LC-MS/MS methodology were used to determine active phytoconstituents. RESULTS The methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts inhibited CYP2B6 with IC50s 79.16 and 57.96 μg/ml respectively, while none of the extracts had any effect on rifampicin metabolism or showed time-dependant inhibition (TDI). All extracts were moderate inducers of CYP3A4; the aqueous extract exhibited 38%-fold shift induction of CYP3A4 compared to the control. The methanolic extract had the lowest CTC50 (50% of cytotoxicity inhibition) (67.13 ± 0.83 μg/ml). LC-MS/MS-PDA full scans were consistent with the presence of flavone salvigenin (m/z 327), alkaloid isopelletierine (m/z 133), steroidal lactone 2,3-dihydrowithaferin-A (m/z 472), and other withanolides including withaperuvin I (m/z 533), withaferin derivative (m/z 567), some of these compounds likely being responsible for the observed CYP2B6 inhibition and CYP3A4 induction. The putative gastrointestinal tract (GIT) concentration for the active extracts was 1800 μg/ml and the hepatic circulation concentrations were estimated at about 220 μg/ml and 13.5 μg/ml for the methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively. The extrapolated in vivo percentage of inhibition was at 85% for the methanolic extract against CYP2B6. CONCLUSIONS The findings reported in this study suggest that W. somnifera extracts have the potential of causing clinically significant herb-drug interactions (HDI) as moderate inducer of CYP3A4 and inhibitor of CYP2B6 metabolism pathway (methanol and ethyl acetate extracts).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saneesh Kumar
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Patrick J Bouic
- Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Synexa Life Sciences, Montague Gardens, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Bernd Rosenkranz
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Mohamed MF, Minocha M, Trueman S, Feng T, Enejosa J, Fisniku O, Othman AA. Characterization of the Effect of Upadacitinib on the Pharmacokinetics of Bupropion, a Sensitive Cytochrome P450 2B6 Probe Substrate. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2021; 10:299-306. [PMID: 32648334 PMCID: PMC7984436 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This phase 1 study characterized the effect of multiple doses of upadacitinib, an oral Janus kinase 1 selective inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 substrate bupropion. Healthy subjects (n = 22) received a single oral dose of bupropion 150 mg alone (study period 1) and on day 12 of a 16-day regimen of upadacitinib 30 mg once daily (study period 2). Serial blood samples for measurement of bupropion and hydroxybupropion plasma concentrations were collected in each study period. The central values (90% confidence intervals) for the ratios of change were 0.87 (0.79-0.96) for bupropion maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ), 0.92 (0.87-0.98) for bupropion area under the plasma-concentration time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUCinf ), 0.78 (0.72-0.85) for hydroxybupropion Cmax , and 0.72 (0.67-0.78) for hydroxybupropion AUCinf when administered with, relative to when administered without, upadacitinib. After multiple-dose administration of upadacitinib 30 mg once daily, upadacitinib mean ± SD AUC0-24 was 641 ± 177 ng·h/mL, and Cmax was 83.3 ± 30.7 ng/mL. These results confirm that upadacitinib has no relevant effect on pharmacokinetics of substrates metabolized by CYP2B6.
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23
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Polepally AR, Ng JW, Salem AH, Dufek MB, Parikh A, Carter DC, Kamradt K, Mostafa NM, Shebley M. Assessment of Clinical Drug-Drug Interactions of Elagolix, a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Antagonist. J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 60:1606-1616. [PMID: 33045114 PMCID: PMC7689813 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Elagolix is an oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist indicated for the management of endometriosis-associated pain and in combination with estradiol/norethindrone acetate indicated for the management of heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) in premenopausal women. Elagolix coadministered with estradiol/norethindrone acetate is in late-stage development for the management of heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine fibroids. Based on the in vitro profile of elagolix metabolism and disposition, 9 drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies evaluating the victim and perpetrator characteristics of elagolix were conducted in 144 healthy volunteers. As a victim of cytochrome P450 (CYPs) and transporter-mediated DDIs, elagolix area under the curve (AUC) increased by ∼2-fold following coadministration with ketoconazole and by ∼5- and ∼2-fold with single and multiple doses of rifampin, respectively. As a perpetrator, elagolix decreased midazolam AUC (90% confidence interval) by 54% (50%-59%) and increased digoxin AUC by 32% (23%-41%). Elagolix decreased rosuvastatin AUC by 40% (29%-50%). No clinically significant changes in exposure on coadministration with sertraline or fluconazole occurred. A elagolix 150-mg once-daily regimen should be limited to 6 months with strong CYP3A inhibitors and rifampin because of the potential increase in bone mineral density loss, as described in the drug label. A 200-mg twice-daily regimen is recommended for no more than 1 month with strong CYP3A inhibitors and not recommended with rifampin. Elagolix is contraindicated with strong organic anion transporter polypeptide B1 inhibitors (eg, cyclosporine and gemfibrozil). Consider increasing the doses of midazolam and rosuvastatin when coadministered with elagolix, and individualize therapy based on patient response. Clinical monitoring is recommended for P-glycoprotein substrates with a narrow therapeutic window (eg, digoxin). Dose adjustments are not required for sertraline, fluconazole, bupropion (or any CYP2B6 substrate), or elagolix when coadministered.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/agonists
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- Adult
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6/metabolism
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inducers/administration & dosage
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inducers/pharmacokinetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A/metabolism
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers/administration & dosage
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers/pharmacokinetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Drug Interactions
- Female
- Healthy Volunteers
- Humans
- Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated/administration & dosage
- Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated/blood
- Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated/pharmacokinetics
- Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated/pharmacology
- Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Premenopause
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- Pyrimidines/blood
- Pyrimidines/pharmacokinetics
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Receptors, LHRH/antagonists & inhibitors
- Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter Family Member 1B3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter Family Member 1B3/metabolism
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juki W. Ng
- Pharmaceutical Development, General MedicineAbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Ahmed Hamed Salem
- Clinical Pharmacology and PharmacometricsAbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Matthew B. Dufek
- Clinical Pharmacology and PharmacometricsAbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Apurvasena Parikh
- Clinical Pharmacology and PharmacometricsAbbVie Inc.Redwood CityCaliforniaUSA
| | - David C. Carter
- Clinical Pharmacology and PharmacometricsAbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Kent Kamradt
- Clinical Pharmacology and PharmacometricsAbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Nael M. Mostafa
- Clinical Pharmacology and PharmacometricsAbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Mohamad Shebley
- Clinical Pharmacology and PharmacometricsAbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIllinoisUSA
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Lee CM, Wilderman PR, Park JW, Murphy TJ, Morgan ET. Tyrosine Nitration Contributes to Nitric Oxide-Stimulated Degradation of CYP2B6. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:267-279. [PMID: 32817462 PMCID: PMC7469253 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytochrome P450 (P450) CYP2B6 undergoes nitric oxide (NO)-dependent proteasomal degradation in response to the NO donor dipropylenetriamine NONOate (DPTA) and biologic NO in HeLa and HuH7 cell lines. CYP2B6 is also downregulated by NO in primary human hepatocytes. We hypothesized that NO or derivative reactive nitrogen species may generate adducts of tyrosine and/or cysteine residues, causing CYP2B6 downregulation, and selected Tyr and Cys residues for mutation based on predicted solvent accessibility. CYP2B6V5-Y317A, -Y380A, and -Y190A mutant proteins expressed in HuH7 cells were less sensitive than wild-type (WT) enzyme to degradation evoked by DPTA, suggesting that these tyrosines are targets for NO-dependent downregulation. The Y317A or Y380A mutants did not show increases in high molecular mass (HMM) species after treatment with DPTA or bortezomib + DPTA, in contrast to the WT enzyme. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecule 2 treatment caused rapid suppression of 2B6 enzyme activity, significant HMM species generation, and ubiquitination of CYP2B6 protein but did not stimulate CYP2B6 degradation. The CYP2B6 inhibitor 4-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazole blocked NO-dependent CYP2B6 degradation, suggesting that NO access to the active site is important. Molecular dynamics simulations predicted that tyrosine nitrations of CYP2B6 would cause significant destabilizing perturbations of secondary structure and remove correlated motions likely required for enzyme function. We propose that cumulative nitrations of Y190, Y317, and Y380 by reactive nitrogen species cause destabilization of CYP2B6, which may act synergistically with heme nitrosylation to target the enzyme for degradation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This work provides novel insight into the mechanisms by which nitric oxide, which is produced in hepatocytes in response to inflammation, triggers the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of the cytochrome P450 (P450) enzyme CYP2B6. Our data demonstrate that both nitration of specific tyrosine residues and interaction of nitric oxide (NO) with the P450 heme are necessary for NO to trigger ubiquitination and protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Myung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (C.-m.L., J.W.P., T.J.M., E.T.M.) and University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, Connecticut (P.R.W.)
| | - P Ross Wilderman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (C.-m.L., J.W.P., T.J.M., E.T.M.) and University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, Connecticut (P.R.W.)
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (C.-m.L., J.W.P., T.J.M., E.T.M.) and University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, Connecticut (P.R.W.)
| | - Thomas J Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (C.-m.L., J.W.P., T.J.M., E.T.M.) and University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, Connecticut (P.R.W.)
| | - Edward T Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (C.-m.L., J.W.P., T.J.M., E.T.M.) and University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, Connecticut (P.R.W.)
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25
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Dlouhá L, Adámková V, Šedová L, Olišarová V, Hubáček JA, Tóthová V. Five genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the Czech non-Roma and Czech Roma population samples. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020; 35:/j/dmdi.2020.35.issue-2/dmpt-2020-0103/dmpt-2020-0103.xml. [PMID: 32681777 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2020-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Cytochromes P450 play a role in human drugs metabolic pathways and their genes are among the most variable in humans. The aim of this study was to analyze genotype frequencies of five common polymorphisms of cytochromes P450 in Roma/Gypsy and Czech (non-Roma) population samples with Czech origin. Methods Roma/Gypsy (n=302) and Czech subjects (n=298) were genotyped for CYP1A2 (rs762551), CYP2A6 (rs4105144), CYP2B6 (rs3745274) and CYP2D6 (rs3892097; rs1065852) polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP or Taqman assay. Results We found significant allelic/genotype differences between ethnics in three genes. For rs3745274 polymorphism, there was increased frequency of T allele carriers in Roma in comparison with Czech population (53.1 vs. 43.7%; p=0.02). For rs4105144 (CYP2A6) there was higher frequency of T allele carriers in Roma in comparison with Czech population (68.7 vs. 49.8%; p<0.0001). For rs3892097 (CYP2D6) there was more carriers of the A allele between Roma in comparison with Czech population (39.2 vs. 38.2%; p=0.048). Genotype/allelic frequencies of CYP2D6 (rs1065852) and CYP1A2 (rs762551) variants did not significantly differ between the ethnics. Conclusions There were significant differences in allelic/genotype frequencies of some, but not all cytochromes P450 polymorphisms between the Czech Roma/Gypsies and Czech non-Roma subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Dlouhá
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Adámková
- Department of Preventive Cardiology for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Šedová
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Olišarová
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav A Hubáček
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Valérie Tóthová
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budejovice, Czech Republic
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26
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Le Vée M, Bruyère A, Jouan E, Fardel O. Janus kinase-dependent regulation of drug detoxifying protein expression by interleukin-22 in human hepatic cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106439. [PMID: 32234672 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22 is a cytokine up-regulated in inflammatory situations and known to exert various hepatic effects. The potential impact of IL-22 towards liver drug detoxifying proteins remains nevertheless unknown, but may be important to determine owing to the well-established alterations of liver detoxification occuring during inflammation. The present study was therefore designed to analyze the effects of IL-22 towards drug metabolizing enzyme and drug transporter expression and activity in cultured human hepatic cells. Exposure of differentiated hepatoma HepaRG cells or primary human hepatocytes to 10 ng/mL IL-22 was found to repress mRNA expression of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2B6 and CYP2C9 and of the sinusoidal sodium-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP); such IL-22 effects were concentration-dependent for CYP3A4 (IC50 = 1.7 ng/mL), CYP2B6 (IC50 = 0.9 ng/mL) and NTCP (IC50 = 1.8 ng/mL). Activity of CYP1A2 (phenacetin O-deethylation), CYP3A4 (midazolam hydroxylation) and CYP2B6 (bupropion hydroxylation), as well as that of NTCP (taurocholate uptake) were concomitantly decreased in IL-22-treated HepaRG cells; by contrast, activity of organic anion transporter polypeptides (OATPs) (estrone-3-sulfate uptake) and of organic cation transporter (OCT) 1 (tetra-ethylammonium uptake) remained unchanged. IL-22 was next found to activate the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 pathway, whose inhibition by the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib fully prevented the IL-22-mediated CYP3A4, CYP2B6 and NTCP repression in HepaRG cells. This JAK-dependent down-regulation of hepatic drug detoxifying proteins, notably of CYPs, by IL-22 may contribute to alteration of pharmacokinetics in patients suffering from acute and chronic inflammatory diseases and may be the source of drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Le Vée
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Bruyère
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Elodie Jouan
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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27
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Butryn DM, Chi LH, Gross MS, McGarrigle B, Schecter A, Olson JR, Aga DS. Retention of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hydroxylated metabolites in paired human serum and milk in relation to CYP2B6 genotype. J Hazard Mater 2020; 386:121904. [PMID: 31901712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-BDEs) are endocrine disrupting compounds prevalent in human serum and breast milk. Retention of PBDEs and OH-BDEs in humans may be affected by differences in PBDE metabolism due to variants in cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6). The objectives of this study are to assess the partitioning profiles of PBDEs and OH-BDEs in forty-eight paired human serum and milk samples, and to evaluate the relationship between variants in CYP2B6 genotype and PBDE and OH-BDE accumulation in humans. Results show that the geometric mean (GM) concentrations of PBDEs are similar in serum (GM = 43.4 ng/g lipid) and milk samples (GM = 52.9 ng/g lipid), while OH-BDEs are retained primarily in serum (GM = 2.31 ng/g lipid), compared to milk (GM = 0.045 ng/g lipid). Participants with CYP2B6*6 genotype had a greater relative retention of PBDEs in serum and milk, and significant relationships (p < 0.05) were also observed for PBDE-47, 5-OH-BDE-47 and 6-OH-BDE-47 concentrations relative to CYP2B6*5 and CYP2B6*6 genotypes. These results are the first to show that CYP2B6 genotype is significantly related to the relative retention of PBDEs in humans, which may have direct implications for variability in the susceptibility of individuals to the potential adverse effects of these contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena M Butryn
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, 611 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Lai-Har Chi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York. 102 Farber Hall, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 102 Farber Hall, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Michael S Gross
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, 611 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Barbara McGarrigle
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York. 102 Farber Hall, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 102 Farber Hall, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Arnold Schecter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 323 East Chesnut Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, 485 E Gray St. Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - James R Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York. 102 Farber Hall, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 102 Farber Hall, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, 611 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
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Metzger IF, Dave N, Kreutz Y, Lu JB, Galinsky RE, Desta Z. CYP2B6 Genotype-Dependent Inhibition of CYP1A2 and Induction of CYP2A6 by the Antiretroviral Drug Efavirenz in Healthy Volunteers. Clin Transl Sci 2019; 12:657-666. [PMID: 31339646 PMCID: PMC6853154 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of efavirenz on the activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A2, CYP2A6, xanthine oxidase (XO), and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), using caffeine as a probe. A single 150 mg oral dose of caffeine was administered to healthy volunteers (n = 58) on two separate occasions; with a single 600 mg oral dose of efavirenz and after treatment with 600 mg/day efavirenz for 17 days. Caffeine and its metabolites in plasma and urine were quantified using liquid chromatography/tandem-mass spectrometry. DNA was genotyped for CYP2B6*4 (785A>G), CYP2B6*9 (516G>T), and CYP2B6*18 (983T>C) alleles using TaqMan assays. Relative to single-dose efavirenz treatment, multiple doses of efavirenz decreased CYP1A2 (by 38%) and increased CYP2A6 (by 85%) activities (P < 0.05); XO and NAT2 activities were unaffected. CYP2B6*6*6 genotype was associated with lower CYP1A2 activity following both single and multiple doses of efavirenz. No similar association was noted for CYP2A6 activity. This is the first report showing that efavirenz reduces hepatic CYP1A2 and suggesting chronic efavirenz exposure likely enhances the elimination of CYP2A6 substrates. This is also the first to report the extent of efavirenz-CYP1A2 interaction may be efavirenz exposure-dependent and CYP2B6 genotype-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid F. Metzger
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Nimita Dave
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Blueprint MedicinesCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yvonne Kreutz
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Jessica B.L. Lu
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Raymond E. Galinsky
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- School of PharmacyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Zeruesenay Desta
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyDepartment of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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29
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Enimil A, Antwi S, Yang H, Dompreh A, Alghamdi WA, Gillani FS, Orstin A, Bosomtwe D, Opoku T, Norman J, Wiesner L, Langaee T, Peloquin CA, Court MH, Greenblatt DJ, Kwara A. Effect of First-Line Antituberculosis Therapy on Nevirapine Pharmacokinetics in Children Younger than Three Years Old. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e00839-19. [PMID: 31332062 PMCID: PMC6761507 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00839-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) is one of the limited options in HIV-infected children younger than 3 years old (young children) with tuberculosis (TB) coinfection. To date, there are insufficient data to recommend nevirapine-based therapy during first-line antituberculosis (anti-TB) therapy in young children. We compared nevirapine pharmacokinetics (PK) in HIV-infected young children with and without TB coinfection. In the coinfected group, nevirapine PK was evaluated while on anti-TB therapy and after completing an anti-TB therapy regimen. Of 53 participants, 23 (43%) had TB-HIV coinfection. While the mean difference in nevirapine PK parameters between the two groups was not significant (P > 0.05), 14/23 (61%) of the children with TB-HIV coinfection and 9/30 (30%) with HIV infection had a nevirapine minimum concentration (Cmin) below the proposed target of 3.0 mg/liter (P = 0.03). In multivariate analysis, anti-TB therapy and the CYP2B6 516G>T genotype were joint predictors of nevirapine PK parameters. Differences in nevirapine PK parameters between the two groups were significant in children with CYP2B6 516GG but not the GT or TT genotype. Among 14 TB-HIV-coinfected participants with paired data, the geometric mean Cmin and area under the drug concentration-time curve from time zero to 12 h (AUC0-12) were about 34% lower when patients were taking anti-TB therapy, while the nevirapine apparent oral clearance (CL/F) was about 45% higher. While the induction effect of anti-TB therapy on nevirapine PK in our study was modest, the CYP2B6 genotype-dependent variability in the TB drug regimen effect would complicate any dose adjustment strategy in young children with TB-HIV coinfection. Alternate ART regimens that are more compatible with TB treatment in this age group are needed. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT01699633.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Enimil
- Directorate of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Sampson Antwi
- Directorate of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Albert Dompreh
- Directorate of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Wael A Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Fizza S Gillani
- Department of Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Antoinette Orstin
- Directorate of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Dennis Bosomtwe
- Directorate of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Theresa Opoku
- Directorate of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jennifer Norman
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lubbe Wiesner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Taimour Langaee
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Charles A Peloquin
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael H Court
- Program in Individualized Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - David J Greenblatt
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Awewura Kwara
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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30
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Li L, Welch MA, Li Z, Mackowiak B, Heyward S, Swaan PW, Wang H. Mechanistic Insights of Phenobarbital-Mediated Activation of Human but Not Mouse Pregnane X Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:345-354. [PMID: 31436536 PMCID: PMC6701513 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.116616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenobarbital (PB), a broadly used antiseizure drug, was the first to be characterized as an inducer of cytochrome P450 by activation of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Although PB is recognized as a conserved CAR activator among species via a well-documented indirect activation mechanism, conflicting results have been reported regarding PB regulation of the pregnane X receptor (PXR), a sister receptor of CAR, and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that in a human CAR (hCAR)-knockout (KO) HepaRG cell line, PB significantly induces the expression of CYP2B6 and CYP3A4, two shared target genes of hCAR and human PXR (hPXR). In human primary hepatocytes and hCAR-KO HepaRG cells, PB-induced expression of CYP3A4 was markedly repressed by genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of hPXR. Mechanistically, PB concentration dependently activates hPXR but not its mouse counterpart in cell-based luciferase assays. Mammalian two-hybrid assays demonstrated that PB selectively increases the functional interaction between the steroid receptor coactivator-1 and hPXR but not mouse PXR. Moreover, surface plasmon resonance binding affinity assay showed that PB directly binds to the ligand binding domain of hPXR (KD = 1.42 × 10-05). Structure-activity analysis further revealed that the amino acid tryptophan-299 within the ligand binding pocket of hPXR plays a key role in the agonistic binding of PB and mutation of tryptophan-299 disrupts PB activation of hPXR. Collectively, these data reveal that PB, a selective mouse CAR activator, activates both hCAR and hPXR, and provide novel mechanistic insights for PB-mediated activation of hPXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (L.L., M.A.W., Z.L., B.M., P.W.S., H.W.); and BioIVT, Halethorpe, Maryland (S.H.)
| | - Matthew A Welch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (L.L., M.A.W., Z.L., B.M., P.W.S., H.W.); and BioIVT, Halethorpe, Maryland (S.H.)
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (L.L., M.A.W., Z.L., B.M., P.W.S., H.W.); and BioIVT, Halethorpe, Maryland (S.H.)
| | - Bryan Mackowiak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (L.L., M.A.W., Z.L., B.M., P.W.S., H.W.); and BioIVT, Halethorpe, Maryland (S.H.)
| | - Scott Heyward
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (L.L., M.A.W., Z.L., B.M., P.W.S., H.W.); and BioIVT, Halethorpe, Maryland (S.H.)
| | - Peter W Swaan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (L.L., M.A.W., Z.L., B.M., P.W.S., H.W.); and BioIVT, Halethorpe, Maryland (S.H.)
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (L.L., M.A.W., Z.L., B.M., P.W.S., H.W.); and BioIVT, Halethorpe, Maryland (S.H.)
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31
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Bloom AJ, Wang P, Kharasch ED. Nicotine oxidation by genetic variants of CYP2B6 and in human brain microsomes. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00468. [PMID: 30906561 PMCID: PMC6411694 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variation in the CYP2B6 gene, encoding the cytochrome P450 2B6 enzyme, is associated with substrate-specific altered clearance of multiple drugs. CYP2B6 is a minor contributor to hepatic nicotine metabolism, but the enzyme has been proposed as relevant to nicotine-related behaviors because of reported CYP2B6 mRNA expression in human brain tissue. Therefore, we hypothesized that CYP2B6 variants would be associated with altered nicotine oxidation, and that nicotine metabolism by CYP2B6 would be detected in human brain microsomes. We generated recombinant enzymes in insect cells corresponding to nine common CYP2B6 haplotypes and demonstrate genetically determined differences in nicotine oxidation to nicotine iminium ion and nornicotine for both (S) and (R)-nicotine. Notably, the CYP2B6.6 and CYP2B6.9 variants demonstrated lower intrinsic clearance relative to the reference enzyme, CYP2B6.1. In the presence of human brain microsomes, along with nicotine-N-oxidation, we also detect nicotine oxidation to nicotine iminium ion. However, unlike N-oxidation, this activity is NADPH independent, does not follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and is not inhibited by NADP or carbon monoxide. Furthermore, metabolism of common CYP2B6 probe substrates, methadone and ketamine, is not detected in the presence of brain microsomes. We conclude that CYP2B6 metabolizes nicotine stereoselectively and common CYP2B6 variants differ in nicotine metabolism activity, but did not find evidence of CYP2B6 activity in human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Joseph Bloom
- Department of Psychiatry and AnesthesiologyWashington UniversitySt. LouisMissouri
| | - Pan‐Fen Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Evan D. Kharasch
- Department of AnesthesiologyDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth Carolina
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Burgess KS, Ipe J, Swart M, Metzger IF, Lu J, Gufford BT, Thong N, Desta Z, Gaedigk R, Pearce RE, Gaedigk A, Liu Y, Skaar TC. Variants in the CYP2B6 3'UTR Alter In Vitro and In Vivo CYP2B6 Activity: Potential Role of MicroRNAs. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 104:130-138. [PMID: 28960269 PMCID: PMC5871545 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CYP2B6*6 and CYP2B6*18 are the most clinically important variants causing reduced CYP2B6 protein expression and activity. However, these variants do not account for all variability in CYP2B6 activity. Emerging evidence has shown that genetic variants in the 3'UTR may explain variable drug response by altering microRNA regulation. Five 3'UTR variants were associated with significantly altered efavirenz AUC0-48 (8-OH-EFV/EFV) ratios in healthy human volunteers. The rs70950385 (AG>CA) variant, predicted to create a microRNA binding site for miR-1275, was associated with a 33% decreased CYP2B6 activity among normal metabolizers (AG/AG vs. CA/CA (P < 0.05)). In vitro luciferase assays were used to confirm that the CA on the variant allele created a microRNA binding site causing an 11.3% decrease in activity compared to the AG allele when treated with miR-1275 (P = 0.0035). Our results show that a 3'UTR variant contributes to variability in CYP2B6 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly S. Burgess
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Joseph Ipe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Marelize Swart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ingrid F. Metzger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jessica Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Brandon T. Gufford
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Nancy Thong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Zeruesenay Desta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Roger Gaedigk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Robin E. Pearce
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Andrea Gaedigk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Todd C. Skaar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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Ma H, Zhang W, Yang X, Zhang Y, Wei S, Zhang H, Ma Y, Dang H. Effects of Genetic Polymorphisms of CYP2B6 on the Pharmacokinetics of Bupropion and Hydroxybupropion in Healthy Chinese Subjects. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:2158-2163. [PMID: 29637923 PMCID: PMC5914277 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bupropion (BUP) is an antidepressant and its pharmacological activity is mediated by its major metabolite, hydroxybupropion (HBUP). We investigated the effects of genetic polymorphisms of CYP2B6 on BUP and HBUP to provide certain evidence on the clinical rational administration of BUP. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plasma BUP and HBUP concentrations were assayed using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS A total of 23 healthy volunteers (eleven participants with CYP2B6*1/*1, 7 participants with CYP2B6*1/*6, 3 participants with CYP2B6*4/*6, and 2 participants with CYP2B6*1/*4) received orally administered 150 mg of BUP according to protocol. Blood samples were obtained up to 96 hours after administration. The whole blood was subject to genotyping by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The concentration-time curve (AUC(0→96)), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), and terminal half-life (t1/2) values of BUP in CYP2B6*1/*4 were lower than those of CYP2B6*1/*1. By contrast, the time to Cmax (tmax) value of the former was higher than that of the latter. The HBUP AUC(0→96) values in CYP2B6*4/*6 and CYP2B6*1/*4 increased to values 1.12-fold and 1.98-fold, compared with CYP2B6*1/*1 carriers. However, the HBUP AUC(0→96) value in CYP2B6*1/*1 was 1.51-fold higher than that in CYP2B6*1/*6. Similarly, the HBUP Cmax values in CYP2B6*4/*6 and CYP2B6*1/*4 increased by 1.12-fold and 1.97-fold, whereas the HBUP Cmax value in CYP2B6*1/*6 decreased to a value 1.64-fold lower than that in CYP2B6*1/*1. CONCLUSIONS Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2B6 influence the pharmacokinetic parameters of BUP and HBUP and thus establish rational BUP administration for Chinese patients in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, and College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, and College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, and College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, and College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, and College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Yanni Ma
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, and College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Hongwan Dang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, and College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
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Chan CYS, Roberts O, Rajoli RKR, Liptrott NJ, Siccardi M, Almond L, Owen A. Derivation of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 degradation rate constants in primary human hepatocytes: A siRNA-silencing-based approach. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 33:179-187. [PMID: 29921509 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The first-order degradation rate constant (kdeg) of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes is a known source of uncertainty in the prediction of time-dependent drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling. This study aimed to measure CYP kdeg using siRNA to suppress CYP expression in primary human hepatocytes followed by incubation over a time-course and tracking of protein expression and activity to observe degradation. The magnitude of gene knockdown was determined by qPCR and activity was measured by probe substrate metabolite formation and CYP2B6-Glo™ assay. Protein disappearance was determined by Western blotting. During a time-course of 96 and 60 h of incubation, over 60% and 76% mRNA knockdown was observed for CYP3A4 and CYP2B6, respectively. The kdeg of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 protein was 0.0138 h-1 (±0.0023) and 0.0375 h-1 (±0.025), respectively. The kdeg derived from probe substrate metabolism activity was 0.0171 h-1 (±0.0025) for CYP3A4 and 0.0258 h-1 (±0.0093) for CYP2B6. The CYP3A4 kdeg values derived from protein disappearance and metabolic activity were in relatively good agreement with each other and similar to published values. This novel approach can now be used for other less well-characterised CYPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Y S Chan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK
| | - Owain Roberts
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK
| | - Rajith K R Rajoli
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK
| | - Neill J Liptrott
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK
| | - Marco Siccardi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK
| | - Lisa Almond
- Simcyp (a Certara Company), Blades Enterprise Centre, John Street, Sheffield, S2 4SU, UK
| | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK.
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Gong EC, Chea S, Balupuri A, Kang NS, Chin YW, Choi YH. Enzyme Kinetics and Molecular Docking Studies on Cytochrome 2B6, 2C19, 2E1, and 3A4 Activities by Sauchinone. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030555. [PMID: 29498658 PMCID: PMC6017976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sauchinone, an active lignan isolated from the aerial parts of Saururus chinensis (Saururaceae), exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-hepatic steatosis effects. As herb–drug interaction (HDI) through cytochrome P450s (CYPs)-mediated metabolism limits clinical application of herbs and drugs in combination, this study sought to explore the enzyme kinetics of sauchinone towards CYP inhibition in in vitro human liver microsomes (HLMs) and in vivo mice studies and computational molecular docking analysis. In in vitro HLMs, sauchinone reversibly inhibited CYP2B6, 2C19, 2E1, and 3A4 activities in non-competitive modes, showing inhibition constant (Ki) values of 14.3, 16.8, 41.7, and 6.84 μM, respectively. Also, sauchinone time-dependently inhibited CYP2B6, 2E1 and 3A4 activities in vitro HLMs. Molecular docking study showed that sauchinone could be bound to a few key amino acid residues in the active site of CYP2B6, 2C19, 2E1, and 3A4. When sibutramine, clopidogrel, or chlorzoxazone was co-administered with sauchinone to mice, the systemic exposure of each drug was increased compared to that without sauchinone, because sauchinone reduced the metabolic clearance of each drug. In conclusion, when sauchinone was co-treated with drugs metabolized via CYP2B6, 2C19, 2E1, or 3A4, sauchinone–drug interactions occurred because sauchinone inhibited the CYP-mediated metabolic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Chae Gong
- College of Pharmacy and Intergrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea; (E.C.G.); (S.C.); (Y.-W.C.)
| | - Satya Chea
- College of Pharmacy and Intergrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea; (E.C.G.); (S.C.); (Y.-W.C.)
| | - Anand Balupuri
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea; (A.B.); (N.S.K)
| | - Nam Sook Kang
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea; (A.B.); (N.S.K)
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Intergrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea; (E.C.G.); (S.C.); (Y.-W.C.)
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Intergrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea; (E.C.G.); (S.C.); (Y.-W.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5212
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Tabata K, Hirabayashi H. State-of-the-art technologies: In vitro and in vivo models mimicking the human drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 33:1. [PMID: 29306501 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ogasawara A, Kato N, Torimoto N, Aohara F, Ohashi R, Yamada Y, Taniguchi H. Cytochrome P450 1A2 Messenger RNA is a More Reliable Marker than Cytochrome P450 1A2 Activity, Phenacetin O-Deethylation, for Assessment of Induction Potential of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes Using HepaRG Cells. Drug Metab Lett 2018; 12:14-23. [PMID: 29357810 DOI: 10.2174/1872312812666180119114013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The HepaRG cells have key drug metabolism functionalities comparable to those of primary human hepatocytes. Many studies have reported that this cell line can be used as a reliable in vitro model for human drug metabolism studies, including the assessment of cytochrome P450 (CYP) induction. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to determine whether CYP mRNA level measurement is superior to the CYP enzyme activity measurement as a convenient high-throughput method for evaluating CYP induction potential using HepaRG cells. METHODS QuantiGene Plex 2.0 Assay and LC/MS/MS. mRNA expression levels and enzyme activities of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A in HepaRG cells treated with prototypical inducers of each CYP isoform [omeprazole (OME) for CYP1A2, phenobarbital (PB) for CYP2B6, and rifampicin (RIF) for CYP3A] were evaluated. RESULTS Although the activities of CYP2B6 and CYP3A were induced by treatment with PB and RIF, we found that the activity of phenacetin O-deethylase (PHOD), which is known as a marker of the activity of CYP1A2, was also enhanced by treatment with these non-CYP1A2 inducers in HepaRG cells. Based on previously published reports, we hypothesized that the expression ratio of CYP3A to CYP1A2 is much higher in HepaRG cells than in human hepatocytes; this may result in a nonnegligible contribution of CYP3A to the PHOD reaction in HepaRG cells. Studies using CYP3A inhibitor and pregnane X receptor-knockout HepaRG cells supported this hypothesis. CONCLUSION The measurement of mRNA serves as a higher reliable indicator for the evaluation of CYP induction potential when using HepaRG cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ogasawara
- Department of Regeneration Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Research Unit/Innovative Medical Science, Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kato
- Translational Research Department, Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Nihonbashi, Japan
| | - Nao Torimoto
- Discovery Technology Laboratories Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda, Japan
| | - Fumika Aohara
- Discovery Technology Laboratories Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda, Japan
| | - Rikiya Ohashi
- Discovery Technology Laboratories Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Toda, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Department of Regeneration Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Kitaadachi, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regeneration Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Imaishi H, Goto T. Effect of genetic polymorphism of human CYP2B6 on the metabolic activation of chlorpyrifos. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2018; 144:42-48. [PMID: 29463407 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPS) is a broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide that is neurotoxic in humans. Chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO) is a toxic metabolite of CPS that is produced by CYP2B6. In this study, we examined the variability of CPS metabolism resulting from single-nucleotide polymorphisms in CYP2B6. Wild-type CYP2B6 (CYP2B6.1) and two variants each with a single amino acid substitution: CYP2B6.5 (R487C) and CYP2B6.8 (K139E) were co-expressed together with human NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 reductase in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Both of the CYP2B6 variants were successfully expressed in E. coli. The conversion of CPS to CPO by the CYP2B6 variants was analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography. Km and Vmax of the reaction by CYP2B6.1 were 18.50±2.94μM and 17.07±1.15mol/min/mol P450, respectively. The CYP2B6 variants produced CPO with the following kinetic parameters: Km for CYP2B6.5 and CYP2B6.8 were 20.44±6.43 and 44.69±9.97μM, respectively; and Vmax were 1.10±0.10 and 1.77±0.26mol/min/mol P450, respectively. These results indicate that the amino acid substitutions in the CYP2B6 variants suppressed the metabolic activation of CPS. CYP2B6 variants have altered capacity to bioactivate CPF and may affect individual susceptibility of CPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Imaishi
- Laboratory of Response to Environmental Materials, Division of Signal Responses, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Tatsushi Goto
- Laboratory of Response to Environmental Materials, Division of Signal Responses, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Chang HY, Chen CJ, Ma WC, Cheng WK, Lin YN, Lee YR, Chen JJ, Lim YP. Modulation of pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) activation by ursolic acid (UA) attenuates rifampin-isoniazid cytotoxicity. Phytomedicine 2017; 36:37-49. [PMID: 29157826 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interactions between transcriptional inducers of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes and therapeutic drugs may be prevented by antagonizing the activation of a nuclear receptor (NR), pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2), thus improving therapeutic efficacy. PURPOSE In the present study, we aim to identify that ursolic acid (UA), a widely distributed pentacyclic triterpene, may act as an effective antagonist of PXR and its sister NR receptor, constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3). METHODS The hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2, was used to evaluate the promoter activity of PXR and CAR target genes, CYP3A4 and CYP2B6, respectively. Catalytic activities, mRNA, and protein expression of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 were evaluated in a differentiated HepaRG cell line. Coregulation of PXR with coregulators on CYP3A4 promoter response elements was also been characterized. RESULTS Transient transfection assays showed that UA effectively attenuated CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 promoter activities mediated by rifampin (RIF, human PXR agonist) and CITCO (human CAR agonist). These inhibitory effects were well correlated with the expression and catalytic activities of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6. Furthermore, the interaction of co-regulators with PXR and the transcriptional complexes in the CYP3A4 promoter activity and CYP3A4 promoter xenobiotic response element (everted repeat 6, ER6), respectively, were disrupted in the presence of UA. UA showed an antagonistic effect against PXR, and reversed the cytotoxic effects of isoniazid (INH) induced by RIF. Taken together, these results show that UA inhibits the transactivation effects of PXR and CAR, and reduces the expression and function of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that UA could be a powerful agent for reducing potentially dangerous interactions between transcriptional inducers of CYP enzymes and therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Yun Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wai-Kok Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ning Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ping Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Lin YN, Chen CJ, Chang HY, Cheng WK, Lee YR, Chen JJ, Lim YP. Oleanolic Acid-Mediated Inhibition of Pregnane X Receptor and Constitutive Androstane Receptor Attenuates Rifampin-Isoniazid Cytotoxicity. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:8606-8616. [PMID: 28945086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between transcriptional inducers of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and pharmacological agents might decrease drug efficacy and induce side effects. Such interactions could be prevented using an antagonist of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Here, we aimed to determine the antagonistic effect of oleanolic acid (OA) on PXR and CAR. OA attenuated the promoter activities, expressions, and enzyme catalytic activities of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 mediated by rifampin (RIF) and CITCO. Moreover, OA displayed species specificity for rodent PXR. Interaction of coregulators with PXR and transcriptional complexes on the CYP3A4 promoter was disrupted by OA. Additionally, OA reversed the cytotoxic effects of isoniazid induced by RIF. These data demonstrate that OA inhibited the transactivation of PXR and CAR, reduced the expression and function of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6, and may therefore serve as an effective agent for reducing probability adverse interactions between transcriptional inducers of CYP450 and therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ning Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University , Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Wai-Kok Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital , Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ping Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Yu JS, Choi MS, Park JS, Rehman SU, Nakamura K, Yoo HH. Inhibitory Effects of Garcinia cambogia Extract on CYP2B6 Enzyme Activity. Planta Med 2017; 83:895-900. [PMID: 28288493 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-104934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the inhibitory effects of Garcinia cambogia extract on the cytochrome P450 enzymes in vitro. G. cambogia extract was incubated with cytochrome P450 isozyme-specific substrates in human liver microsomes and recombinant CYP2B6 isozyme, and the formation of the marker metabolites was measured to investigate the inhibitory potential on cytochrome P450 enzyme activities. The results showed that G. cambogia extract has significant inhibitory effects on CYP2B6 activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the inhibition was potentiated following preincubation with NADPH, indicating that G. cambogia extract is a time-dependent inhibitor of CYP2B6. Meanwhile, hydroxycitric acid, the major bioactive ingredient of G. cambogia extract, did not exhibit significant inhibition effects on cytochrome P450 enzyme activities. G. cambogia extract could modulate the pharmacokinetics of CYP2B6 substrate drugs and lead to interactions with those drugs. Therefore, caution may be required with respect to concomitant intake of dietary supplements containing G. cambogia extract with CYP2B6 substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sang Yu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sun Choi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Suk Park
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shaheed Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Hye Hyun Yoo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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Lee CM, Tripathi S, Morgan ET. Nitric oxide-regulated proteolysis of human CYP2B6 via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:478-486. [PMID: 28427998 PMCID: PMC5507215 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We showed previously that rat cytochrome P450 CYP2B1 undergoes NO-dependent proteasomal degradation in response to inflammatory stimuli, and that the related human enzyme CYP2B6 is also down-regulated by NO in primary human hepatocytes. To investigate the mechanism of CYP2B6 down-regulation, we made several cell lines (HeLa and HuH7 cells) in which native CYP2B6 or CYP2B6 with a C-terminal V5 tag (CYP2B6V5) are expressed from a lentiviral vector with a cytomegalovirus promoter. Native CYP2B6 protein was rapidly down-regulated in HeLa cells within 3h of treatment with the NO donor (Z)-1-[2-(2-Aminoethyl)-N-(2-ammonioethyl)amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate, while its mRNA level was not down-regulated. Treatment of the cells with the NO donor (Z)-1-[N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-(3-ammoniopropyl)amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate also resulted in rapid down-regulation of CYP2B6 activity, measured as the formation of 7-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin, as well as 2B6 protein in the CYP2B6 HeLa cell line. CYP2B6V5 was also down-regulated by NO donors in HuH7 cells. Down-regulation was observed in the presence of cycloheximide, demonstrating that this occurs via a post-translational mechanism. We generated a HeLa cell line expressing both CYP2B6V5 and human nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), the latter under positive control by tetracycline. The cellular NO produced by doxycycline treatment also effectively down-regulated CYP2B6 protein, which was blocked by the co-treatment with the NOS2 competitive inhibitor L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME). We next investigated the proteolytic enzymes responsible for NO-dependent CYP2B6 degradation. Neither calpain inhibitors (N-Acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-norleucinal, carbobenzoxy-valinyl-phenylalaninal), nor lysosomal protease inhibitors (3-methyladenine and chloroquine) inhibited the NO dependent CYP2B6V5 down-regulation. The proteasome inhibitors MG132 and bortezomib attenuated, but did not completely block the NO-induced down-regulation in the HuH7 cell line. However, when cells were co-treated with NO donor and proteasome inhibitors, high molecular mass species could be detected on native CYP2B6 as well as CYP2B6V5 Western blots. Further investigation demonstrated that CYP2B6 protein was polyubiquitinated and this was dramatically enhanced by co-treatment with NO donor and bortezomib. Taken together, our data demonstrate that CYP2B6 is down-regulated in an NO-dependent manner via ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Myung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Shweta Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Edward T Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Maldonado-Rojas W, Rivera-Julio K, Olivero-Verbel J, Aga DS. Mechanisms of interaction between persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and CYP2B6: An in silico approach. Chemosphere 2016; 159:113-125. [PMID: 27281544 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Human Cytochrome P450s (CYP450) are a group of heme-containing metalloenzymes responsible for recognition and metabolism of numerous xenobiotics, including drugs and environmental contaminants. CYP2B6, a member of CYP450, is well known for being a highly inducible and polymorphic enzyme and for its important role in the oxidative metabolism of environmental pollutants, such as the Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). However the mechanisms of interaction of PBDEs and PCBs with CYP2B6 is not entirely known. In this work, a computational approach was carried out to study the interactions of 41 POPs (17 PBDEs, 17 PCBs, and 7 Dioxins) with four CYP2B6 protein structures downloaded from PDB data base (PDB: 3UA5, 3QOA, 3QU8 and 4I91) using molecular docking protocols with AutoDock Vina. The best binding affinity values (kcal/mol) were obtained for PBDE-99 (-8.5), PCB-187 (-9.6), and octachloro-dibenzo-dioxin (-9.8) that can be attributed to the hydrophobic interactions with important residues, such as Phe-363, in the catalytic site of CYP2B6. Molecular docking validation revealed the best values for PDB: 3UA5 (R = 0.622, p = 0.001) demonstrating the reliability of molecular docking predictions. The information obtained in this work can be useful in evaluating the modes of interaction of xenobiotic compounds with the catalytic site of CYP2B6 and provide insights on the important role of these enzymes in the metabolism of potentially toxic compounds in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Maldonado-Rojas
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, 130014 Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Karen Rivera-Julio
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, 130014 Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, 130014 Cartagena, Colombia.
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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Pearce RE, Gaedigk R, Twist GP, Dai H, Riffel AK, Leeder JS, Gaedigk A. Developmental Expression of CYP2B6: A Comprehensive Analysis of mRNA Expression, Protein Content and Bupropion Hydroxylase Activity and the Impact of Genetic Variation. Drug Metab Dispos 2016; 44:948-58. [PMID: 26608082 PMCID: PMC4931886 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.067546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although CYP2B6 catalyzes the biotransformation of many drugs used clinically for children and adults, information regarding the effects of development on CYP2B6 expression and activity are scarce. Utilizing a large panel of human liver samples (201 donors: 24 fetal, 141 pediatric, and 36 adult), we quantified CYP2B6 mRNA and protein expression levels, characterized CYP2B6 (bupropion hydroxylase) activity in human liver microsomes (HLMs), and performed an extensive genotype analysis to differentiate CYP2B6 haplotypes such that the impact of genetic variation on these parameters could be assessed. Fetal livers contained extremely low levels of CYP2B6 mRNA relative to postnatal samples and fetal HLMs did not appear to catalyze bupropion hydroxylation; however, fetal CYP2B6 protein levels were not significantly different from postnatal levels. Considerable interindividual variation in CYP2B6 mRNA expression, protein levels, and activity was observed in postnatal HLMs (mRNA, ∼40,000-fold; protein, ∼300-fold; activity, ∼600-fold). The extremely wide range of interindividual variability in CYP2B6 expression and activity was significantly associated with age (P < 0.01) following log transformation of the data. Our data suggest that CYP2B6 activity appears as early as the first day of life, increases through infancy, and by 1 year of age, CYP2B6 levels and activity may approach those of adults. Surprisingly, CYP2B6 interindividual variability was not significantly associated with genetic variation in CYP2B6, nor was it associated with differences in gender or ethnicity, suggesting that factors other than these are largely responsible for the wide range of variability in CYP2B6 expression and activity observed among a large group of individuals/samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin E Pearce
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation (R.E.P., R.G., G.P.T., A.K.R., J.S.L., A.G.), and Health Services and Outcomes Research (H.D.), Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri; and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.E.P., R.G., H.D., J.S.L., A.G.)
| | - Roger Gaedigk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation (R.E.P., R.G., G.P.T., A.K.R., J.S.L., A.G.), and Health Services and Outcomes Research (H.D.), Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri; and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.E.P., R.G., H.D., J.S.L., A.G.)
| | - Greyson P Twist
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation (R.E.P., R.G., G.P.T., A.K.R., J.S.L., A.G.), and Health Services and Outcomes Research (H.D.), Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri; and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.E.P., R.G., H.D., J.S.L., A.G.)
| | - Hongying Dai
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation (R.E.P., R.G., G.P.T., A.K.R., J.S.L., A.G.), and Health Services and Outcomes Research (H.D.), Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri; and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.E.P., R.G., H.D., J.S.L., A.G.)
| | - Amanda K Riffel
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation (R.E.P., R.G., G.P.T., A.K.R., J.S.L., A.G.), and Health Services and Outcomes Research (H.D.), Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri; and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.E.P., R.G., H.D., J.S.L., A.G.)
| | - J Steven Leeder
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation (R.E.P., R.G., G.P.T., A.K.R., J.S.L., A.G.), and Health Services and Outcomes Research (H.D.), Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri; and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.E.P., R.G., H.D., J.S.L., A.G.)
| | - Andrea Gaedigk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation (R.E.P., R.G., G.P.T., A.K.R., J.S.L., A.G.), and Health Services and Outcomes Research (H.D.), Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri; and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.E.P., R.G., H.D., J.S.L., A.G.)
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Zhang G, Ou R, Li F, Wu J, Zheng L, Tong Y, Liu Y, Liu Z, Lu L. Regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters by Astragali radix decoction and its main bioactive compounds: Implication for clinical drug-drug interactions. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 180:104-113. [PMID: 26805467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragali radix ("Huang Qi" in Chinese, HQ) is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine that possesses various biological functions. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), calycosin (CS), and formononetin (FMNT) are the three main bioactive compounds of HQ that are responsible for its pharmacological activities and therapeutic efficacy. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the effects of HQ, AS-IV, CS, and FMNT on major human drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), including CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2E1, UGT1A, UGT1A6, SULT1A1, and SULT1A3, as well as efflux transporters (ETs), including P-gp, MRP2, BCRP, MRP1, and MRP3, by using HepG2 cell line. Results would provide beneficial information for the proper clinical application of HQ. MATERIALS AND METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with HQ, AS-IV, CS, and FMNT for 96h. Cell viability was examined by MTT assay. The protein and mRNA levels of DMEs and ETs were measured using Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. RESULTS Compared with the control group, HQ considerably increased the expression levels of CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2E1, UGT1A, P-gp, MRP2, BCRP, and MRP3 in a dose-dependent manner. Inversely, HQ significantly decreased the protein levels of UGT1A6, SULT1A1, and MRP1. Exposure to AS-IV induced the protein levels of UGT1A, P-gp, MRP1, and MRP3, but produced inhibitory effects on CYP3A4, CYP2B6, and BCRP. The expression levels of CYP3A4, UGT1A, SULT1A1, P-gp, MRP2, and MRP3 were remarkably increased in the CS-treated cells, whereas the protein levels of SULT1A3 and BCRP were decreased. FMNT treatment induced the protein levels towards CYP3A4, CYP2B6, UGT1A, P-gp, MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3, but inhibited the expression of CYP2E1, SULT1A1, and SULT1A3. CONCLUSIONS HQ and its main bioactive compounds, including AS-IV, CS, and FMNT significantly regulated the expression of the major DMEs and ETs. HQ produced stronger regulations (induction or inhibition) on DMEs and ETs than AS-IV, CS, or FMNT alone. The results indicate that potential drug-drug interactions might exist when the tested drugs, specifically HQ, are co-administered with other substrate drugs that are metabolized or transported via the studied DMEs or ETs. This study provides beneficial information for appropriate use of HQ for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyu Zhang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Rilan Ou
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jinjun Wu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yunli Tong
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Linlin Lu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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46
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Li L, Li D, Heyward S, Wang H. Transcriptional Regulation of CYP2B6 Expression by Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3β in Human Liver Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150587. [PMID: 26930610 PMCID: PMC4773089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CYP2B6 plays an increasingly important role in xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification. The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and the pregnane X receptor (PXR) have been established as predominant regulators for the inductive expression of CYP2B6 gene in human liver. However, there are dramatic interindividual variabilities in CYP2B6 expression that cannot be fully explained by the CAR/PXR-based modulation alone. Here, we show that expression level of CYP2B6 was correlated with that of hepatocyte nuclear factor 3β (HNF3β) in human primary hepatocytes prepared from 35 liver donors. Utilizing recombinant virus-mediated overexpression or knockdown of HNF3β in HepG2 cells, as well as constructs containing serial deletion and site-directed mutation of HNF3β binding motifs in CYP2B6 luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrated that the presence or lack of HNF3β expression markedly correlated with CYP2B6 gene expression and its promoter activity. Novel enhancer modules of HNF3β located upstream of the CYP2B6 gene transcription start site were identified and functionally validated as key elements governing HNF3β-mediated CYP2B6 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays in human primary hepatocytes and surface plasmon resonance binding affinity experiments confirmed the essential role of these enhancers in the recruitment of HNF3β to the promoter of CYP2B6 gene. Overall, these findings indicate that HNF3β represents a new liver enriched transcription factor that is involved in the transcription of CYP2B6 gene and contributes to the large interindividual variations of CYP2B6 expression in human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States of America
| | - Daochuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States of America
| | - Scott Heyward
- Bioreclamation, IVT, 1450 Rolling Road, Baltimore, Maryland 21227, United States of America
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Thomford NE, Awortwe C, Dzobo K, Adu F, Chopera D, Wonkam A, Skelton M, Blackhurst D, Dandara C. Inhibition of CYP2B6 by Medicinal Plant Extracts: Implication for Use of Efavirenz and Nevirapine-Based Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) in Resource-Limited Settings. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21020211. [PMID: 26891286 PMCID: PMC6273559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has greatly improved health parameters of HIV infected individuals. However, there are several challenges associated with the chronic nature of HAART administration. For populations in health transition, dual use of medicinal plant extracts and conventional medicine poses a significant challenge. There is need to evaluate interactions between commonly used medicinal plant extracts and antiretroviral drugs used against HIV/AIDS. Efavirenz (EFV) and nevirapine (NVP) are the major components of HAART both metabolized by CYP2B6, an enzyme that can potentially be inhibited or induced by compounds found in medicinal plant extracts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of extracts of selected commonly used medicinal plants on CYP2B6 enzyme activity. Recombinant human CYP2B6 was used to evaluate inhibition, allowing the assessment of herb-drug interactions (HDI) of medicinal plants Hyptis suaveolens, Myrothamnus flabellifolius, Launaea taraxacifolia, Boerhavia diffusa and Newbouldia laevis. The potential of these medicinal extracts to cause HDI was ranked accordingly for reversible inhibition and also classified as potential time-dependent inhibitor (TDI) candidates. The most potent inhibitor for CYP2B6 was Hyptis suaveolens extract (IC50 = 19.09 ± 1.16 µg/mL), followed by Myrothamnus flabellifolius extract (IC50 = 23.66 ± 4.86 µg/mL), Launaea taraxacifolia extract (IC50 = 33.87 ± 1.54 µg/mL), and Boerhavia diffusa extract (IC50 = 34.93 ± 1.06 µg/mL). Newbouldia laevis extract, however, exhibited weak inhibitory effects (IC50 = 100 ± 8.71 µg/mL) on CYP2B6. Launaea taraxacifolia exhibited a TDI (3.17) effect on CYP2B6 and showed a high concentration of known CYP450 inhibitory phenolic compounds, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. The implication for these observations is that drugs that are metabolized by CYP2B6 when co-administered with these herbal medicines and when adequate amounts of the extracts reach the liver, there is a high likelihood of standard doses affecting drug plasma concentrations which could lead to toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Thomford
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology & Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, PMB, Ghana.
| | - Charles Awortwe
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town 7602, South Africa.
| | - Kevin Dzobo
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town component, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Faustina Adu
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, PMB, Ghana.
| | - Denis Chopera
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology & Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Ambroise Wonkam
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology & Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Michelle Skelton
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology & Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Dee Blackhurst
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology & Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Collet Dandara
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology & Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
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Abstract
Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) is an invaluable tool to study interaction of proteins with DNA. Estrogens are major female hormones and modulate biological function through estrogen receptor (ER). ER regulates its target gene expression via the classical mechanism in which ER directly binds to its target gene promoter or the nonclassical mechanism involving tethering of ER to other transcription factors (such as AP-1 proteins). Here, we describe the EMSA to examine the nonclassical mechanism of ER action in regulation of a gene CYP2B6 by using competition and supershift assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwi Hye Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA
| | - Hyunyoung Jeong
- Departments of Pharmacy Practice and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Raunio H, Juvonen RO, Poso A, Lahtela-Kakkonen M, Rahnasto-Rilla M. Common and Distinct Interactions of Chemical Inhibitors with Cytochrome P450 CYP1A2, CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 Enzymes. Drug Metab Lett 2016; 10:56-64. [PMID: 26648056 DOI: 10.2174/1872312810666151204002456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of preventable disease and death globally. Nicotine is the main addictive component in tobacco. Nicotine is eliminated from the body by biotransformation in the liver to inactive metabolites. This reaction is catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) enzyme. Administering chemical inhibitors of CYP2A6 has been shown to slow down the elimination of nicotine with consequent reduction in number of cigarettes smoked. We have systematically developed small molecule CYP2A6 inhibitors with good balance between potency and CYP selectivity. OBJECTIVE During this process we have noticed that many potent CYP2A6 inhibitors also inhibit other human liver CYP forms, most notably CYP1A2 and CYP2B6. This study aimed at defining common and distinct features of ligand binding to CYP1A2, CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 active sites. METHODS We used our previous chemical inhibitor databases to construct improved 3-dimensional quantitative structureactivity relationship (3D-QSAR) models for CYP1A2, CYP2A6 and CYP2B6. RESULTS Combined 3D-QSAR and docking procedures yielded precise information about the common and distinct interactions of inhibitors and the enzyme active sites. Positioning of hydrogen bond donor/acceptor atoms and the shape and volume of the compound defined the potency and specificity of inhibition. A novel potent and selective CYP1A2 inhibitor was found. CONCLUSION This in silico approach will provide a means for very rapid and high throughput prediction of cross-inhibition of these three CYP enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Raunio
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland..
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50
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Song Q, Zhou X, Yu J, Dong N, Wang X, Yang H, Ren J, Kim Lyerly H. The prognostic values of CYP2B6 genetic polymorphisms and metastatic sites for advanced breast cancer patients treated with docetaxel and thiotepa. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16775. [PMID: 26602960 PMCID: PMC4658481 DOI: 10.1038/srep16775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated interactive effects of CYP2B6 genotypes and liver metastasis on the prognosis of metastatic breast cancer patients who received combined chemotherapy of docetaxel and thiotepa. Totally 153 patients were retrospectively genotyped rs8192719 (c.1294 + 53C > T) and rs2279343 (c.785A > G). Kaplan-Meier method and Cox Proportional Hazard Regression model were used to estimate the survival. Patients with liver metastasis had worsen prognosis, conferring a 2.26-fold high risk of progression and 1.93-fold high risk of death (p < 0.05). Both CT/TT genotype of rs8192719 (c.1294 + 3C > T) and AG genotype of rs2279343 (c.785A > G) prolonged survival (p < 0.05). Furthermore, among liver metastatic patients, AG genotype of rs2279343 (c.785A > G) was associated with a 47% reduced risk of death and a 6-month-longer overall survival (p < 0.05). Among non-liver metastatic patients, hazard ratios of CT/TT genotype of rs8192719 (c.1294 + 53C > T) were 0.45 for progression and 0.40 for death; and the corresponding survival was improved by 6 months and 16 months, respectively (p < 0.05). Genotypes of CYP2B6 had an interaction with clinical efficacy of docetaxel and thiotepa on metastatic breast cancer patients; and metastatic sites also affected clinical responses. Further therapies should take into account of chemotherapy regimen, genotypes of metabolizing enzymes and metastatic sites for the particular subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkun Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, 10 Tieyi Road, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Xinna Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, 10 Tieyi Road, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute. 52 Fucheng Rd, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Ningning Dong
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yongan Road 95, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, 10 Tieyi Road, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Huabing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, 10 Tieyi Road, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University Cancer Center, 10 Tieyi Road, Beijing 100038, China
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 203 Research Drive, Suite 433, Box 2606, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - H Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 203 Research Drive, Suite 433, Box 2606, Durham, NC 27710, United States
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