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Darby JRT, Flouri D, Cho SKS, Williams GK, Holman SL, Meakin AS, Wiese MD, David AL, Macgowan CK, Seed M, Melbourne A, Morrison JL. Maternal tadalafil treatment does not increase uterine artery blood flow or oxygen delivery in the pregnant ewe. Exp Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38606906 DOI: 10.1113/ep091593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Increasing placental perfusion (PP) could improve outcomes of growth-restricted fetuses. One way of increasing PP may be by using phosphodiesterase (PDE)-5 inhibitors, which induce vasodilatation of vascular beds. We used a combination of clinically relevant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to characterize the impact that tadalafil infusion has on maternal, placental and fetal circulations. At 116-117 days' gestational age (dGA; term, 150 days), pregnant ewes (n = 6) underwent fetal catheterization surgery. At 120-123 dGA ewes were anaesthetized and MRI scans were performed during three acquisition windows: a basal state and then ∼15-75 min (TAD 1) and ∼75-135 min (TAD 2) post maternal administration (24 mg; intravenous bolus) of tadalafil. Phase contrast MRI and T2 oximetry were used to measure blood flow and oxygen delivery. Placental diffusion and PP were assessed using the Diffusion-Relaxation Combined Imaging for Detailed Placental Evaluation-'DECIDE' technique. Uterine artery (UtA) blood flow when normalized to maternal left ventricular cardiac output (LVCO) was reduced in both TAD periods. DECIDE imaging found no impact of tadalafil on placental diffusivity or fetoplacental blood volume fraction. Maternal-placental blood volume fraction was increased in the TAD 2 period. FetalD O 2 ${D_{{{\mathrm{O}}_2}}}$ andV ̇ O 2 ${\dot V_{{{\mathrm{O}}_2}}}$ were not affected by maternal tadalafil administration. Maternal tadalafil administration did not increase UtA blood flow and thus may not be an effective vasodilator at the level of the UtAs. The increased maternal-placental blood volume fraction may indicate local vasodilatation of the maternal intervillous space, which may have compensated for the reduced proportion of UtAD O 2 ${D_{{{\mathrm{O}}_2}}}$ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dimitra Flouri
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Steven K S Cho
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Univeristy of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Georgia K Williams
- Preclinical, Imaging & Research Laboratories, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ashley S Meakin
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael D Wiese
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anna L David
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), University College London, Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | | | - Mike Seed
- Univeristy of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Melbourne
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Univeristy of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Holmes H, Saini BS, Moir OJ, Darby JRT, Morrison JL, Sun L, Seed M. Pulmonary Vascular Regulation in the Fetal and Transitional Lung. Clin Perinatol 2024; 51:1-19. [PMID: 38325936 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Fetal lungs have fewer and smaller arteries with higher pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) than a newborn. As gestation advances, the pulmonary circulation becomes more sensitive to changes in pulmonary arterial oxygen tension, which prepares them for the dramatic drop in PVR and increase in pulmonary blood flow (PBF) that occur when the baby takes its first few breaths of air, thus driving the transition from fetal to postnatal circulation. Dynamic and intricate regulatory mechanisms control PBF throughout development and are essential in supporting gas exchange after birth. Understanding these concepts is crucial given the role the pulmonary vasculature plays in the development of complications with transition, such as in the setting of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and congenital heart disease. An improved understanding of pulmonary vascular regulation may reveal opportunities for better clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Holmes
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Brahmdeep S Saini
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Olivia J Moir
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8 Canada; Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Liqun Sun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Mike Seed
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8 Canada; Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8 Canada; Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8 Canada; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8 Canada.
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Robinson JL, Gatford KL, Bailey DN, Roff AJ, Clifton VL, Morrison JL, Stark MJ. Preclinical models of maternal asthma and progeny outcomes: a scoping review. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:230174. [PMID: 38417970 PMCID: PMC10900068 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0174-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in the ∼17% of women with asthma during pregnancy. The mechanisms linking maternal asthma and adverse outcomes are largely unknown, but reflect joint effects of genetics and prenatal exposure to maternal asthma. Animal models are essential to understand the underlying mechanisms independent of genetics and comorbidities, and enable safe testing of interventions. This scoping review aimed to explore the methodology, phenotype, characteristics, outcomes and quality of published studies using preclinical maternal asthma models. MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Elsevier) and Web of Science were systematically searched using previously validated search strings for maternal asthma and for animal models. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, full texts, and then extracted and assessed the quality of each study using the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) 2.0 guidelines. Out of 3618 studies identified, 39 were eligible for extraction. Most studies were in rodents (86%) and all were models of allergic asthma. Maternal and progeny outcomes included airway hyperresponsiveness, airway resistance, inflammation, lung immune cells, lung structure and serum immunoglobulins and cytokines. Experimental design (100%), procedural details (97%) and rationale (100%) were most often reported. Conversely, data exclusion (21%), blinding (18%) and adverse events (8%) were reported in a minority of studies. Species differences in physiology and timing of development, the use of allergens not relevant to humans and a lack of comparable outcome measures may impede clinical translation. Future studies exploring models of maternal asthma should adhere to the minimum core outcomes set presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Robinson
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Danielle N Bailey
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrea J Roff
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vicki L Clifton
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael J Stark
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Women's & Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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Meakin AS, Smith M, Morrison JL, Roberts CT, Lappas M, Ellery SJ, Holland O, Perkins A, McCracken SA, Flenady V, Clifton VL. Placenta-Specific Transcripts Containing Androgen Response Elements Are Altered In Silico by Male Growth Outcomes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1688. [PMID: 38338965 PMCID: PMC10855055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A birthweight centile (BWC) below the 25th is associated with an elevated risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, particularly among males. This male vulnerability may stem from alterations in placenta-specific androgen signalling, a signalling axis that involves the androgen receptor (AR)-mediated regulation of target genes containing androgen response elements (AREs). In this study, we examined global and ARE-specific transcriptomic signatures in term male placentae (≥37 weeks of gestation) across BWC subcategories (<10th, 10th-30th, >30th) using RNA-seq and gene set enrichment analysis. ARE-containing transcripts in placentae with BWCs below the 10th percentile were upregulated compared to those in the 10th-30th and >30th percentiles, which coincided with the enrichment of gene sets related to hypoxia and the suppression of gene sets associated with mitochondrial function. In the absence of ARE-containing transcripts in silico, <10th and 10th-30th BWC subcategory placentae upregulated gene sets involved in vasculature development, immune function, and cell adhesion when compared to those in the >30th BWC subcategory. Collectively, our in silico findings suggest that changes in the expression of ARE-containing transcripts in male placentae may contribute to impaired placental vasculature and therefore result in reduced fetal growth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S. Meakin
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Mater Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia;
| | - Melanie Smith
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (M.S.); (C.T.R.)
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Claire T. Roberts
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (M.S.); (C.T.R.)
| | - Martha Lappas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, Mercy Hospital for Women, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
| | - Stacey J. Ellery
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia;
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Olivia Holland
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (O.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Anthony Perkins
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (O.H.); (A.P.)
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Sharon A. McCracken
- Women and Babies Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
| | - Vicki Flenady
- Mater Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia;
| | - Vicki L. Clifton
- Mater Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia;
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Meakin AS, Nathanielsz PW, Li C, Clifton VL, Wiese MD, Morrison JL. Maternal obesity impacts fetal liver androgen signalling in a sex-specific manner. Life Sci 2024; 337:122344. [PMID: 38081408 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity (MO) increases fetal androgen concentrations, the prevalence of macrosomia, and predisposes offspring to metabolic dysfunction in later life, especially males. These risks may be, in part, the result of increased liver-specific androgen signalling pathway activity in utero. Androgen signalling activity can be suppressed by androgen metabolism via cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes (CYP2B6, CYP3A) or through inhibition of the full-length androgen receptor (AR-FL) via the antagonistic isoform, AR-45. We hypothesised MO impairs CYP enzyme activity and AR-45 expression in male fetal livers, thereby enhancing activity of androgen signalling pathways. METHODS Nine months prior to pregnancy, nulliparous female baboons were assigned to either ad libitum control or high fat diet. At 165 day (d) gestation (term, 180 d) fetal liver was collected (n = 6/sex/group). CYP activity was quantified using functional assays; subcellular AR expression was measured using Western blot. RESULTS CYP2B6 and CYP3A activity, and nuclear expression of AR-45, was reduced in MO males only. Nuclear AR-45 expression was inversely related with fetal body weight of MO males only. CONCLUSIONS Reduced CYP2B6 and CYP3A activity in conjunction with decreased nuclear AR-45 expression may enhance liver androgen signalling in males from MO pregnancies, thereby increasing the risk of macrosomia, as well as metabolic dysfunction in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S Meakin
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | | | - Cun Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Vicki L Clifton
- Mater Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael D Wiese
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Robinson JL, Gatford KL, Clifton VL, Morrison JL, Stark MJ. The impact of maternal asthma on the fetal lung: Outcomes, mechanisms and interventions. Paediatr Respir Rev 2023:S1526-0542(23)00086-6. [PMID: 38195368 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Maternal asthma affects up to 17% of pregnancies and is associated with adverse infant, childhood, and adult respiratory outcomes, including increased risks of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, childhood wheeze and asthma. In addition to genetics, these poor outcomes are likely due to the mediating influence of maternal asthma on the in-utero environment, altering fetal lung and immune development and predisposing the offspring to later lung disease. Maternal asthma may impair glucocorticoid signalling in the fetus, a process critical for lung maturation, and increase fetal exposure to proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, interventions to control maternal asthma, increase glucocorticoid signalling in the fetal lung, or Vitamin A, C, and D supplementation to improve alveologenesis and surfactant production may be beneficial for later lung function. This review highlights potential mechanisms underlying maternal asthma and offspring respiratory morbidities and describes how pregnancy interventions can promote optimal fetal lung development in babies of asthmatic mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Robinson
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Kathryn L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vicki L Clifton
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael J Stark
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Neonatal Medicine, Women's & Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
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Saini BS, Ducas R, Darby JRT, Marini D, Sun L, Macgowan CK, Windrim R, Kingdom JC, Wald RM, Morrison JL, Seed M. Feasibility of MRI assessment of maternal-fetal oxygen transport and consumption relative to maternal position in healthy late gestational pregnancies. J Physiol 2023; 601:5413-5436. [PMID: 37906114 DOI: 10.1113/jp285097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Late gestational supine positioning reduces maternal cardiac output due to inferior vena caval (IVC) compression, despite increased collateral venous return. However, little is known about the impact of maternal position on oxygen (O2 ) delivery and consumption of the gravid uterus, fetus, placenta and lower limbs. We studied the effects of maternal positioning on these parameters in 20 healthy pregnant subjects at 36 ± 2 weeks using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); a follow-up MRI was performed 6-months postpartum (n = 16/20). MRI techniques included phase-contrast and T1/T2 relaxometry for blood flow and oximetry imaging, respectively. O2 transport was measured in the following vessels (bilateral where appropriate): maternal abdominal descending aorta (DAoabdo ), IVC, ovarian, paraspinal veins (PSV), uterine artery (UtA) and external iliacs, and umbilical. Maternal cardiac output was measured by summing DAothoracic and superior vena cava flows. Supine mothers (n = 6) had lower cardiac output and O2 delivery in the DAoabdo , UtA and external iliac arteries, and higher PSV flow than those in either the left (n = 8) or right (n = 6) lateral positions during MRI. However, O2 consumption in the gravid uterus, fetus, placenta and lower limbs was unaffected by maternal positioning. The ratio of IVC/PSV flow decreased in supine mothers while ovarian venous flow and O2 saturation were unaltered, suggesting a major route of pelvic venous return unaffected by maternal position. Placental-fetal O2 transport and consumption were similar between left and right lateral maternal positions. In comparison to non-pregnant findings, DAoabdo and UtA O2 delivery and pelvic O2 consumption increased, while lower-limb consumption remained constant , despite reduced external iliac artery O2 delivery in late gestation. KEY POINTS: Though sleeping supine during the third trimester is associated with an increased risk of antepartum stillbirth, the underlying biological mechanisms are not fully understood. Maternal cardiac output and uteroplacental flow are reduced in supine mothers due to inferior vena caval compression from the weight of the gravid uterus. This MRI study provides a comprehensive circulatory assessment, demonstrating reduced maternal cardiac output and O2 delivery (uteroplacental, lower body) in supine compared to lateral positioning; however, O2 consumption (gravid uterus, fetus, placenta, lower limbs) was preserved. Unlike other mammalian species, the ovarian veins conduct substantial venous return from the human pregnant uterus that is unaffected by maternal positioning. Lumbar paraspinal venous flow increased in supine mothers. These observations may have important considerations during major pelvic surgery in pregnancy (i.e. placenta percreta). Future studies should address the importance of maternal positioning as a potential tool to deliver improved perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with compromised uteroplacental O2 delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahmdeep S Saini
- Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin Ducas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Davide Marini
- Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liqun Sun
- Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher K Macgowan
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rory Windrim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John C Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel M Wald
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mike Seed
- Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Dimasi CG, Darby JRT, Cho SKS, Saini BS, Holman SL, Meakin AS, Wiese MD, Macgowan CK, Seed M, Morrison JL. Reduced in utero substrate supply decreases mitochondrial abundance and alters the expression of metabolic signalling molecules in the fetal sheep heart. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37996982 DOI: 10.1113/jp285572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Babies born with fetal growth restriction (FGR) are at higher risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases across the life course. The reduction in substrate supply to the developing fetus that causes FGR not only alters cardiac growth and structure but may have deleterious effects on metabolism and function. Using a sheep model of placental restriction to induce FGR, we investigated key cardiac metabolic and functional markers that may be altered in FGR. We also employed phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging MRI to assess left ventricular cardiac output (LVCO) as a measure of cardiac function. We hypothesized that signalling molecules involved in cardiac fatty acid utilisation and contractility would be impaired by FGR and that this would have a negative impact on LVCO in the late gestation fetus. Key glucose (GLUT4 protein) and fatty acid (FATP, CD36 gene expression) substrate transporters were significantly reduced in the hearts of FGR fetuses. We also found reduced mitochondrial numbers as well as abundance of electron transport chain complexes (complexes II and IV). These data suggest that FGR diminishes metabolic and mitochondrial capacity in the fetal heart; however, alterations were not correlated with fetal LVCO. Overall, these data show that FGR alters fetal cardiac metabolism in late gestation. If sustained ex utero, this altered metabolic profile may contribute to poor cardiac outcomes in FGR-born individuals after birth. KEY POINTS: Around the time of birth, substrate utilisation in the fetal heart switches from carbohydrates to fatty acids. However, the effect of fetal growth restriction (FGR) on this switch, and thus the ability of the fetal heart to effectively metabolise fatty acids, is not fully understood. Using a sheep model of early onset FGR, we observed significant downregulation in mRNA expression of fatty acid receptors CD36 and FABP in the fetal heart. FGR fetuses also had significantly lower cardiac mitochondrial abundance than controls. There was a reduction in abundance of complexes II and IV within the electron transport chain of the FGR fetal heart, suggesting altered ATP production. This indicates reduced fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial function in the heart of the FGR fetus, which may have detrimental long-term implications and contribute to increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G Dimasi
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Steven K S Cho
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brahmdeep S Saini
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Research Institute, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ashley S Meakin
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael D Wiese
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher K Macgowan
- Research Institute, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mike Seed
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Research Institute, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Research Institute, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Robinson JL, Gatford KL, Clifton VL, Morrison JL, Stark MJ. Preclinical models of maternal asthma and progeny outcomes: a scoping review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2023; 21:2115-2126. [PMID: 37246955 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-23-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This scoping review will describe the methodology, phenotype, and characteristics of maternal asthma models used in preclinical studies and the outcomes that have been measured in the mother and progeny. The review This will identify gaps in knowledge of maternal and progeny outcomes following maternal asthma in pregnancy. INTRODUCTION Maternal asthma affects up to 17% of pregnancies worldwide and is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in mothers and babies, including pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, cesarean section, preterm birth, small for gestational age, nursery admission, and neonatal death. While the associations are well established, the mechanisms linking maternal asthma and adverse perinatal outcomes are largely unknown due to the difficulties of human mechanistic studies. The appropriate selection of animal models is vital to understanding the mechanisms underlying associations between human maternal asthma and adverse perinatal outcomes. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review will include primary studies published in English where outcomes have been studied in vivo in non-human mammalian species. METHODS This review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. We will search MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and Web of Science to identify papers published before the end of 2022. Initial keywords will include pregnancy, gestation, asthma , and wheeze , as well as validated search strings to identify papers that describe animal models. Extracted data will include information on methods used to induce maternal asthma; asthmatic phenotypes and characteristics; and maternal, pregnancy, placental, and progeny outcomes. The characteristics of each study will be presented in summary tables and a core outcome list to assist researchers in developing, reporting, and comparing future animal studies of maternal asthma. REVIEW REGISTRATION Open Science Framework osf.io/trwk5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Robinson
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kathy L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Vicki L Clifton
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael J Stark
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Lock MC, Botting KJ, Allison BJ, Niu Y, Ford SG, Murphy MP, Orgeig S, Giussani DA, Morrison JL. MitoQ as an antenatal antioxidant treatment improves markers of lung maturation in healthy and hypoxic pregnancy. J Physiol 2023; 601:3647-3665. [PMID: 37467062 PMCID: PMC10952154 DOI: 10.1113/jp284786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic fetal hypoxaemia is a common pregnancy complication that increases the risk of infants experiencing respiratory complications at birth. In turn, chronic fetal hypoxaemia promotes oxidative stress, and maternal antioxidant therapy in animal models of hypoxic pregnancy has proven to be protective with regards to fetal growth and cardiovascular development. However, whether antenatal antioxidant therapy confers any benefit on lung development in complicated pregnancies has not yet been investigated. Here, we tested the hypothesis that maternal antenatal treatment with MitoQ will protect the developing lung in hypoxic pregnancy in sheep, a species with similar fetal lung developmental milestones as humans. Maternal treatment with MitoQ during late gestation promoted fetal pulmonary surfactant maturation and an increase in the expression of lung mitochondrial complexes III and V independent of oxygenation. Maternal treatment with MitoQ in hypoxic pregnancy also increased the expression of genes regulating liquid reabsorption in the fetal lung. These data support the hypothesis tested and suggest that MitoQ as an antenatal targeted antioxidant treatment may improve lung maturation in the late gestation fetus. KEY POINTS: Chronic fetal hypoxaemia promotes oxidative stress, and maternal antioxidant therapy in hypoxic pregnancy has proven to be protective with regards to fetal growth and cardiovascular development. MitoQ is a targeted antioxidant that uses the cell and the mitochondrial membrane potential to accumulate within the mitochondria. Treatment of healthy or hypoxic pregnancy with MitoQ, increases the expression of key molecules involved in surfactant maturation, lung liquid reabsorption and in mitochondrial proteins driving ATP synthesis in the fetal sheep lung. There were no detrimental effects of MitoQ treatment alone on the molecular components measured in the present study, suggesting that maternal antioxidant treatment has no effect on other components of normal maturation of the surfactant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell C. Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health ScienceUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Kimberley J. Botting
- Department of Physiology, Development & NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Beth J. Allison
- Department of Physiology, Development & NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Youguo Niu
- Department of Physiology, Development & NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Sage G. Ford
- Department of Physiology, Development & NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Sandra Orgeig
- UniSA: Clinical and Health ScienceUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Dino A. Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development & NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health ScienceUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
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11
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Darby JR, Zhang S, Holman SL, Muhlhausler BS, McMillen IC, Morrison JL. Cardiac growth and metabolism of the fetal sheep are not vulnerable to a 10 day increase in fetal glucose and insulin concentrations during late gestation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18292. [PMID: 37519661 PMCID: PMC10372399 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To evaluate the effects of fetal glucose infusion in late gestation on the mRNA expression and protein abundance of molecules involved in the regulation of cardiac growth and metabolism. Main methods Either saline or glucose was infused into fetal sheep from 130 to 140 days (d) gestation (term, 150 d). At 140 d gestation, left ventricle tissue samples were collected. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine the mRNA expression and protein abundance of key signalling molecules within the left ventricle of the fetal heart. Key findings Although intra-fetal glucose infusion increased fetal plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, there was no change in the expression of molecules within the signalling pathways that regulate proliferation, hypertrophy, apoptosis or fibrosis in the fetal heart. Cardiac Solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1) mRNA expression was decreased by glucose infusion. Glucose infusion increased cardiac mRNA expression of both Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARA) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG). However, there was no change in the mRNA expression of PPAR cofactors or molecules with PPAR response elements. Furthermore, glucose infusion did not impact the protein abundance of the 5 oxidative phosphorylation complexes of the electron transport chain. Significance Despite a 10-day doubling of fetal plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, the present study suggests that within the fetal left ventricle, the mRNA and protein expression of the signalling molecules involved in cardiac growth, development and metabolism are relatively unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Janna L. Morrison
- Corresponding author. Australian Research Council Future Fellow, Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia,
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12
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Darby JRT, Williams GK, Cho SKS, Meakin AS, Holman SL, Quinn M, Wiese MD, Macgowan CK, Seed M, Morrison JL. Acute resveratrol exposure does not impact hemodynamics of the fetal sheep. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15749. [PMID: 37332034 PMCID: PMC10277215 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Babies born growth restricted are at an increased risk of both poor short-and long-term outcomes. Current interventions to improve fetal growth are ineffective and do not lower the lifetime risk of poor health status. Maternal resveratrol (RSV) treatment increases uterine artery blood flow, fetal oxygenation, and fetal weight. However, studies suggest that diets high in polyphenols such as RSV may impair fetal hemodynamics. We aimed to characterize the effect of RSV on fetal hemodynamics to further assess its safety as an intervention strategy. Pregnant ewes underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to measure blood flow and oxygenation within the fetal circulation using phase contrast-MRI and T2 oximetry. Blood flow and oxygenation measures were performed in a basal state and then repeated while the fetus was exposed to RSV. Fetal blood pressure and heart rate were not different between states. RSV did not impact fetal oxygen delivery (DO2 ) or consumption (VO2 ). Blood flow and oxygen delivery throughout the major vessels of the fetal circulation were not different between basal and RSV states. As such, acute exposure of the fetus to RSV does not directly impact fetal hemodynamics. This strengthens the rationale for the use of RSV as an intervention strategy against fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack R. T. Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research GroupUniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaSouth AustraliaAdelaideAustralia
| | - Georgia K. Williams
- Preclinical, Imaging and Research LaboratoriesSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Steven K. S. Cho
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research GroupUniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaSouth AustraliaAdelaideAustralia
- Univeristy of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Ashley S. Meakin
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research GroupUniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaSouth AustraliaAdelaideAustralia
| | - Stacey L. Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research GroupUniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaSouth AustraliaAdelaideAustralia
| | - Megan Quinn
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research GroupUniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaSouth AustraliaAdelaideAustralia
| | - Michael D. Wiese
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaSouth AustraliaAdelaideAustralia
| | | | - Mike Seed
- Univeristy of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research GroupUniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaSouth AustraliaAdelaideAustralia
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13
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Kühle H, Cho SKS, Barber N, Goolaub DS, Darby JRT, Morrison JL, Haller C, Sun L, Seed M. Advanced imaging of fetal cardiac function. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1206138. [PMID: 37288263 PMCID: PMC10242056 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1206138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over recent decades, a variety of advanced imaging techniques for assessing cardiovascular physiology and cardiac function in adults and children have been applied in the fetus. In many cases, technical development has been required to allow feasibility in the fetus, while an appreciation of the unique physiology of the fetal circulation is required for proper interpretation of the findings. This review will focus on recent advances in fetal echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), providing examples of their application in research and clinical settings. We will also consider future directions for these technologies, including their ongoing technical development and potential clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Kühle
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven K. S. Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Barber
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Datta Singh Goolaub
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jack R. T. Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christoph Haller
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liqun Sun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mike Seed
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Paramasivan S, Morrison JL, Lock MC, Darby JRT, Barrero RA, Mills PC, Sadowski P. Automated Proteomics Workflows for High-Throughput Library Generation and Biomarker Detection Using Data-Independent Acquisition. J Proteome Res 2023. [PMID: 37219895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra-mass spectrometry underpinned by advanced bioinformatics offers a framework for comprehensive analysis of proteomes and the discovery of robust biomarkers. However, the lack of a generic sample preparation platform to tackle the heterogeneity of material collected from different sources may be a limiting factor to the broad application of this technique. We have developed universal and fully automated workflows using a robotic sample preparation platform, which enabled in-depth and reproducible proteome coverage and characterization of bovine and ovine specimens representing healthy animals and a model of myocardial infarction. High correlation (R2 = 0.85) between sheep proteomics and transcriptomics datasets validated the developments. The findings suggest that automated workflows can be employed for various clinical applications across different animal species and animal models of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvam Paramasivan
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Roberto A Barrero
- Division of Research and Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Paul C Mills
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Pawel Sadowski
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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15
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Robinson JL, Gatford KL, Hurst CP, Clifton VL, Morrison JL, Stark MJ. Do improvements in clinical practice guidelines alter pregnancy outcomes in asthmatic women? A single-center retrospective cohort study. J Asthma 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37021838 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2023.2200824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma occurs in ∼17% of Australian pregnancies and is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, which worsen with poor asthma control . Consequently, the South Australian 'Asthma in Pregnancy' perinatal guidelines were revised in 2012 to address management according to severity. This study investigated if these revised guidelines reduced the impact of maternal asthma on risks of adverse perinatal outcomes before (Epoch 1, 2006-2011) and after the revision (Epoch 2, 2013-2018). METHODS Routinely collected perinatal and neonatal datasets from the Women's and Children's Hospital (Adelaide, Australia) were linked. Maternal asthma (prevalence:7.5%) was defined as asthma medication use or symptoms described to midwives. In imputation (n = 59131) and complete case datasets (n = 49594), analyses were conducted by inverse proportional weighting and multivariate logistic regression, accounting for confounders. RESULTS Overall, maternal asthma was associated with increased risks of any antenatal corticosteroid treatment for threatened preterm birth (aOR 1.319, 95% CI 1.078-1.614), any Caesarean section (aOR 1.196, 95% CI 1.059-1.351), Caesarean section without labor (aOR 1.241, 95% CI 1.067-1.444), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR, aOR 1.285, 95% CI 1.026-1.61), and small for gestational age (aOR 1.324, 95% CI 1.136-1.542). After guideline revision, asthma-associated risks of any Caesarean section (p < 0.001), any antenatal corticosteroids (p = 0.041), and small for gestational age (p = 0.050), but not IUGR and Caesarean section without labour, were reduced. CONCLUSIONS Clinical practice guidelines based on the latest evidence do not guarantee clinical efficacy. Since adverse perinatal outcomes did not all improve, this work highlights the need to evaluate the ongoing impact of guidelines on clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Robinson
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health, and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - K L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - C P Hurst
- Molly Wardaguga Research Centre, Charles Darwin University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - V L Clifton
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health, and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - M J Stark
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Women's & Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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16
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Dimasi CG, Darby JRT, Morrison JL. A change of heart: understanding the mechanisms regulating cardiac proliferation and metabolism before and after birth. J Physiol 2023; 601:1319-1341. [PMID: 36872609 PMCID: PMC10952280 DOI: 10.1113/jp284137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cardiomyocytes undergo major maturational changes in preparation for birth and postnatal life. Immature cardiomyocytes contribute to cardiac growth via proliferation and thus the heart has the capacity to regenerate. To prepare for postnatal life, structural and metabolic changes associated with increased cardiac output and function must occur. This includes exit from the cell cycle, hypertrophic growth, mitochondrial maturation and sarcomeric protein isoform switching. However, these changes come at a price: the loss of cardiac regenerative capacity such that damage to the heart in postnatal life is permanent. This is a significant barrier to the development of new treatments for cardiac repair and contributes to heart failure. The transitional period of cardiomyocyte growth is a complex and multifaceted event. In this review, we focus on studies that have investigated this critical transition period as well as novel factors that may regulate and drive this process. We also discuss the potential use of new biomarkers for the detection of myocardial infarction and, in the broader sense, cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G. Dimasi
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Jack R. T. Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
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Meakin AS, Amirmostofian M, Darby JRT, Holman SL, Morrison JL, Wiese MD. Characterisation of cytochrome P450 isoenzyme activity in sheep liver and placental microsomes. Placenta 2023; 131:82-89. [PMID: 36527743 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug metabolism during pregnancy is a complex process that involves maternal, placental and fetal sites of metabolism. Indeed, there is a lack of clarity provided from drug metabolism in human pregnancy due to ethical limitations. Large animal models of human pregnancy provide an opportunity to quantify activity of phase 1 drug metabolism mediated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the maternal, placental, and fetal compartments. Herein, we have validated a comprehensive assay to quantify maternal, placental, and fetal CYP activity. METHODS Isolated microsomes from sheep maternal liver, placenta, and fetal liver (140d gestation, term = 150d) were incubated with CYP-specific probe drugs to quantify the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A. Inhibition studies were performed to validate specificity of probe drugs. The validated assay was developed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A were active in maternal liver. In contrast, only CYP1A2, CYP2C8 and CYP2D6 were active in the placenta, whereas CYP2B6, CYP2C8 and CYP2D6 were active in the fetal liver. Of the placental-specific CYPs validated, CYP1A2 increased in type A compared with type D placentomes, whereas CYP2C8 activity increased in type B compared with type A and C. DISCUSSION This study has established conditions for compartment-specific CYP activity in the sheep maternal-placental-fetal unit using a validated and standardised experimental workflow. Compartment- and placentome type-specific CYP activity are important considerations when examining drug metabolism in the maternal-placental-fetal unit and in determining the impact of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S Meakin
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marzieh Amirmostofian
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jack RT Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Michael D Wiese
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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18
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Flouri D, Darby JRT, Holman SL, Cho SKS, Dimasi CG, Perumal SR, Ourselin S, Aughwane R, Mufti N, Macgowan CK, Seed M, David AL, Melbourne A, Morrison JL. Placental MRI Predicts Fetal Oxygenation and Growth Rates in Sheep and Human Pregnancy. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2203738. [PMID: 36031385 PMCID: PMC9596844 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of fetal blood oxygen saturation (SO2 ) can transform the clinical management of high-risk pregnancies affected by fetal growth restriction (FGR). Here, a novel MRI method assesses the feasibility of identifying normally grown and FGR fetuses in sheep and is then applied to humans. MRI scans are performed in pregnant ewes at 110 and 140 days (term = 150d) gestation and in pregnant women at 28+3 ± 2+5 weeks to measure feto-placental SO2 . Birth weight is collected and, in sheep, fetal blood SO2 is measured with a blood gas analyzer (BGA). Fetal arterial SO2 measured by BGA predicts fetal birth weight in sheep and distinguishes between fetuses that are normally grown, small for gestational age, and FGR. MRI feto-placental SO2 in late gestation is related to fetal blood SO2 measured by BGA and body weight. In sheep, MRI feto-placental SO2 in mid-gestation is related to fetal SO2 later in gestation. MRI feto-placental SO2 distinguishes between normally grown and FGR fetuses, as well as distinguishing FGR fetuses with and without normal Doppler in humans. Thus, a multi-compartment placental MRI model detects low placental SO2 and distinguishes between small hypoxemic fetuses and normally grown fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Flouri
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonSE1 7EUUK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Jack R. T. Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research GroupHealth and Biomedical InnovationUniSA Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5001Australia
| | - Stacey L. Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research GroupHealth and Biomedical InnovationUniSA Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5001Australia
| | - Steven K. S. Cho
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research GroupHealth and Biomedical InnovationUniSA Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5001Australia
- Department of PhysiologyThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoON M5G 1X8Canada
| | - Catherine G. Dimasi
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research GroupHealth and Biomedical InnovationUniSA Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5001Australia
| | - Sunthara R. Perumal
- South Australian Health & Medical Research InstitutePreclinicalImaging & Research LaboratoriesAdelaideSA 5001Australia
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonSE1 7EUUK
| | - Rosalind Aughwane
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6AUUK
| | - Nada Mufti
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6AUUK
| | - Christopher K. Macgowan
- Division of Translational MedicineThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoON M5G 1X8Canada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoON M5S 1A1Canada
| | - Mike Seed
- Department of PaediatricsDivision of CardiologyThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoON M5G 1X8Canada
- Department of Diagnostic ImagingThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoON M5G 1X8Canada
| | - Anna L. David
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6AUUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity College London HospitalsLondonW1T 7DNUK
| | - Andrew Melbourne
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonSE1 7EUUK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research GroupHealth and Biomedical InnovationUniSA Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5001Australia
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research GroupHealth and Biomedical InnovationUniSA Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5001Australia
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Charest-Pekeski AJ, Cho SKS, Aujla T, Sun L, Floh AA, McVey MJ, Sheta A, Estrada M, Crawford-Lean L, Foreman C, Mroczek D, Belik J, Saini BS, Lim JM, Moir OJ, Lee FT, Quinn M, Darby JRT, Seed M, Morrison JL, Haller C. Impact of the Addition of a Centrifugal Pump in a Preterm Miniature Pig Model of the Artificial Placenta. Front Physiol 2022; 13:925772. [PMID: 35941934 PMCID: PMC9356302 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.925772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent demonstration of normal development of preterm sheep in an artificial extrauterine environment has renewed interest in artificial placenta (AP) systems as a potential treatment strategy for extremely preterm human infants. However, the feasibility of translating this technology to the human preterm infant remains unknown. Here we report the support of 13 preterm fetal pigs delivered at 102 ± 4 days (d) gestation, weighing 616 ± 139 g with a circuit consisting of an oxygenator and a centrifugal pump, comparing these results with our previously reported pumpless circuit (n = 12; 98 ± 4 days; 743 ± 350 g). The umbilical vessels were cannulated, and fetuses were supported for 46.4 ± 46.8 h using the pumped AP versus 11 ± 13 h on the pumpless AP circuit. Upon initiation of AP support on the pumped system, we observed supraphysiologic circuit flows, tachycardia, and hypertension, while animals maintained on a pumpless AP circuit exhibited subphysiologic flows. On the pumped AP circuit, there was a progressive decline in umbilical vein (UV) flow and oxygen delivery. We conclude that the addition of a centrifugal pump to the AP circuit improves survival of preterm pigs by augmenting UV flow through the reduction of right ventricular afterload. However, we continued to observe the development of heart failure within a matter of days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Charest-Pekeski
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven K. S. Cho
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tanroop Aujla
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liqun Sun
- Division of Cardiology, The Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alejandro A. Floh
- Division of Cardiology, The Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark J. McVey
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ayman Sheta
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marvin Estrada
- Lab Animal Services, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lynn Crawford-Lean
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Celeste Foreman
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dariusz Mroczek
- Division of Cardiology, The Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jaques Belik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brahmdeep S. Saini
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessie Mei Lim
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olivia J. Moir
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fu-Tsuen Lee
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Megan Quinn
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jack R. T. Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mike Seed
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, The Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christoph Haller
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Christoph Haller,
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20
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Meakin AS, Darby JR, Holman SL, Wiese MD, Morrison JL. Maternal-placental-fetal drug metabolism is altered by late gestation undernutrition in the pregnant ewe. Life Sci 2022; 298:120521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Zhang WQ, Sorvina A, Morrison JL, Darby JRT, Brooks DA, Plush SE, Afshar Vahid S. Development of an optical fiber-based redox monitoring system for tissue metabolism. J Biophotonics 2022; 15:e202100304. [PMID: 35038239 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An optical redox ratio can potentially be used to report on the dynamics of cell and tissue metabolism and define altered metabolic conditions for different pathologies. While there are methods to measure the optical redox ratio, they are not particularly suited to real-time in situ or in vivo analysis. Here, we have developed a fiber-optic system to measure redox ratios in cells and tissues and two mathematical models to enable real-time, in vivo redox measurements. The optical redox ratios in tissue explants are correlated directly with endogenous NADH/FAD fluorescence emissions. We apply the mathematical models to the two-photon microscopy data and show consistent results. We also used our fiber-optic system to measure redox in different tissues and show consistent results between the two models, hence demonstrating proof-of-principle. This innovative redox monitoring system will have practical applications for defining different metabolic disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qi Zhang
- Laser Physics and Photonic Devices Laboratories, School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shahraam Afshar Vahid
- Laser Physics and Photonic Devices Laboratories, School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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22
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Morrison JL, Williams GK, Cho SKS, Saini BS, Meakin AS, Holman SL, Quinn M, Wiese MD, Macgowan CK, Seed M, Darby JRT. MRI Characterization of Blood Flow and Oxygen Delivery in the Fetal Sheep whilst Exposed to Sildenafil Citrate. Neonatology 2022; 119:735-744. [PMID: 36252551 DOI: 10.1159/000526972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Newborns exposed to sildenafil citrate (SC) in utero have increased rates of persistent pulmonary hypertension. The mechanism behind this has not yet been fully elucidated. We aimed to utilize a combination of clinically relevant MRI techniques to comprehensively characterize the haemodynamics of the fetal sheep whilst under the influence of SC. We hypothesized that these MRI techniques would detect SC-induced increases in pulmonary blood flow and oxygen delivery prior to birth. METHODS At 116-117 days gestational age (term, 150 days), pregnant Merino ewes (n = 9) underwent fetal catheterization surgery. MRI scans were performed during a basal state and then repeated during a constant umbilical vein infusion of SC to measure blood flow and oxygenation within the major vessels of the fetal circulation using phase-contrast-MRI and T2 oximetry. RESULTS Right and left ventricular cardiac outputs were not different between states. Pulmonary blood flow increased during the SC state resulting in elevated pulmonary oxygen delivery. Right to left heart shunting through the foramen ovale was reduced without reducing cerebral oxygen delivery. CONCLUSION SC induces alterations to pulmonary haemodynamics in utero; a characteristic that if maintained may underlie or act as a precursor towards the elevated rates of poor pulmonary outcomes after birth. These MRI techniques are the first to comprehensively characterize sildenafil's direct impact on the pulmonary vasculature and its indirect detriment to the flow of oxygen-rich blood through the foramen ovale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Georgia K Williams
- Preclinical, Imaging & Research Laboratories, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Steven K S Cho
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brahmdeep S Saini
- University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley S Meakin
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Megan Quinn
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael D Wiese
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Mike Seed
- University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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23
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McGillick EV, Orgeig S, Allison BJ, Brain KL, Niu Y, Itani N, Skeffington KL, Kane AD, Herrera EA, Morrison JL, Giussani DA. Molecular regulation of lung maturation in near-term fetal sheep by maternal daily vitamin C treatment in late gestation. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:828-838. [PMID: 33859366 PMCID: PMC9064793 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the fetus, the appropriate balance of prooxidants and antioxidants is essential to negate the detrimental effects of oxidative stress on lung maturation. Antioxidants improve respiratory function in postnatal life and adulthood. However, the outcomes and biological mechanisms of antioxidant action in the fetal lung are unknown. METHODS We investigated the effect of maternal daily vitamin C treatment (200 mg/kg, intravenously) for a month in late gestation (105-138 days gestation, term ~145 days) on molecular regulation of fetal lung maturation in sheep. Expression of genes and proteins regulating lung development was quantified in fetal lung tissue. The number of surfactant-producing cells was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Maternal vitamin C treatment increased fetal lung gene expression of the antioxidant enzyme SOD-1, hypoxia signaling genes (HIF-2α, HIF-3α, ADM, and EGLN-3), genes regulating sodium movement (SCNN1-A, SCNN1-B, ATP1-A1, and ATP1-B1), surfactant maturation (SFTP-B and ABCA3), and airway remodeling (ELN). There was no effect of maternal vitamin C treatment on the expression of protein markers evaluated or on the number of surfactant protein-producing cells in fetal lung tissue. CONCLUSIONS Maternal vitamin C treatment in the last third of pregnancy in sheep acts at the molecular level to increase the expression of genes that are important for fetal lung maturation in a healthy pregnancy. IMPACT Maternal daily vitamin C treatment for a month in late gestation in sheep increases the expression of gene-regulating pathways that are essential for normal fetal lung development. Following late gestation vitamin C exposure in a healthy pregnancy, an increase in lung gene but not protein expression may act as a mechanism to aid in the preparation for exposure to the air-breathing environment after birth. In the future, the availability/development of compounds with greater antioxidant properties than vitamin C or more specific targets at the site of oxidative stress in vivo may translate clinically to improve respiratory outcomes in complicated pregnancies at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin V. McGillick
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Molecular and Evolutionary Physiology of the Lung Laboratory, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Sandra Orgeig
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Molecular and Evolutionary Physiology of the Lung Laboratory, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Beth J. Allison
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Kirsty L. Brain
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Youguo Niu
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Nozomi Itani
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Katie L. Skeffington
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Andrew D. Kane
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Emilio A. Herrera
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Dino A. Giussani
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Cambridge BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Cambridge Strategic Research Initiative in Reproduction, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
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24
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Wiese MD, Meakin AS, Varcoe TJ, Darby JRT, Sarr O, Kiser P, Bradshaw EL, Regnault TRH, Morrison JL. Hepatic cytochrome P450 function is reduced by life-long Western diet consumption in guinea pig independent of birth weight. Life Sci 2021; 287:120133. [PMID: 34774623 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterised by accumulation of triglycerides and cholesterol within the liver and dysregulation of specific hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYPs) activity. CYPs are involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous chemicals. Hepatic CYP activity is dysregulated in human studies and animal models of a Western diet (WD) or low birth weight (LBW) independently, but the additive effects of LBW and postnatal WD consumption are unknown. As such, the aim of this study was to determine the independent and combined effect of birthweight and postnatal diet on hepatic CYP activity in a guinea pig model. METHODS LBW was generated via uterine artery ablation at mid gestation (term = 70 days gestation). Normal birthweight (NBW) and LBW pups were allocated either a control diet (CD) or WD at weaning. After 4 months of dietary intervention, guinea pigs were humanely killed, and liver tissue collected for biochemical and functional hepatic CYP activity analyses. RESULTS Independent of birthweight, functional activity of CYP3A was significantly reduced in female and male WD compared to CD animals (female, P < 0.0001; male, P = 0.004). Likewise, CYP1A2 activity was significantly reduced in male WD compared to CD animals (P = 0.020) but this same reduction was not observed in females. CONCLUSION Diet, but not birthweight, significantly altered hepatic CYP activity in both sexes, and the effect of diet appeared to be greater in males. These findings may have clinical implications for the management of NAFLD and associated co-morbidities between the sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Wiese
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Ashley S Meakin
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Tamara J Varcoe
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Ousseynou Sarr
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Patti Kiser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Emma L Bradshaw
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Timothy R H Regnault
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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25
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Ren J, Lock MC, Darby JRT, Orgeig S, Holman SL, Quinn M, Seed M, Muhlhausler BS, McMillen IC, Morrison JL. PPARγ activation in late gestation does not promote surfactant maturation in the fetal sheep lung. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:963-974. [PMID: 33407953 DOI: 10.1017/s204017442000135x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory distress syndrome results from inadequate functional pulmonary surfactant and is a significant cause of mortality in preterm infants. Surfactant is essential for regulating alveolar interfacial surface tension, and its synthesis by Type II alveolar epithelial cells is stimulated by leptin produced by pulmonary lipofibroblasts upon activation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). As it is unknown whether PPARγ stimulation or direct leptin administration can stimulate surfactant synthesis before birth, we examined the effect of continuous fetal administration of either the PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone (RGZ; Study 1) or leptin (Study 2) on surfactant protein maturation in the late gestation fetal sheep lung. We measured mRNA expression of genes involved in surfactant maturation and showed that RGZ treatment reduced mRNA expression of LPCAT1 (surfactant phospholipid synthesis) and LAMP3 (marker for lamellar bodies), but did not alter mRNA expression of PPARγ, surfactant proteins (SFTP-A, -B, -C, and -D), PCYT1A (surfactant phospholipid synthesis), ABCA3 (phospholipid transportation), or the PPARγ target genes SPHK-1 and PAI-1. Leptin infusion significantly increased the expression of PPARγ and IGF2 and decreased the expression of SFTP-B. However, mRNA expression of the majority of genes involved in surfactant synthesis was not affected. These results suggest a potential decreased capacity for surfactant phospholipid and protein production in the fetal lung after RGZ and leptin administration, respectively. Therefore, targeting PPARγ may not be a feasible mechanistic approach to promote lung maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ren
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sandra Orgeig
- Cancer Research Institute, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Megan Quinn
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mike Seed
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - I Caroline McMillen
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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26
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Dimasi CG, Lazniewska J, Plush SE, Saini BS, Holman SL, Cho SKS, Wiese MD, Sorvina A, Macgowan CK, Seed M, Brooks DA, Morrison JL, Darby JRT. Redox ratio in the left ventricle of the growth restricted fetus is positively correlated with cardiac output. J Biophotonics 2021; 14:e202100157. [PMID: 34499415 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a result of limited substrate supply to the developing fetus in utero, and can be caused by either placental, genetic or environmental factors. Babies born IUGR can have poor long-term health outcomes, including being at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Limited substrate supply in the IUGR fetus not only changes the structure of the heart but may also affect metabolism and function of the developing heart. We have utilised two imaging modalities, two-photon microscopy and phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI), to assess alterations in cardiac metabolism and function using a sheep model of IUGR. Two-photon imaging revealed that the left ventricle of IUGR fetuses (at 140-141 d GA) had a reduced optical redox ratio, suggesting a reliance on glycolysis for ATP production. Concurrently, the use of PC-MRI to measure foetal left ventricular cardiac output (LVCO) revealed a positive correlation between LVCO and redox ratio in IUGR, but not control fetuses. These data suggest that altered heart metabolism in IUGR fetuses is indicative of reduced cardiac output, which may contribute to poor cardiac outcomes in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G Dimasi
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brahmdeep S Saini
- Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Steven K S Cho
- Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael D Wiese
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher K Macgowan
- Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mike Seed
- Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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27
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McBride GM, Meakin AS, Soo JY, Darby JRT, Varcoe TJ, Bradshaw EL, Lock MC, Holman SL, Saini BS, Macgowan CK, Seed M, Berry MJ, Wiese MD, Morrison JL. Intrauterine growth restriction alters the activity of drug metabolising enzymes in the maternal-placental-fetal unit. Life Sci 2021; 285:120016. [PMID: 34614415 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ten percent of pregnancies are affected by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and evidence suggests that affected neonates have reduced activity of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) drug metabolising enzymes. Given that almost all pregnant individuals take medications and additional medications are often required during an IUGR pregnancy, we aimed to determine the impact of IUGR on hepatic CYP activity in sheep fetuses and pregnant ewes. METHODS Specific probes were used to determine the impact of IUGR on the activity of several CYP isoenzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A) in sheep fetuses and pregnant ewes. Probes were administered intravenously to the ewe at 132 days (d) gestation (term 150 d), followed by blood sampling from the maternal and fetal circulation over 24 h. Maternal and fetal liver tissue was collected at 139-140 d gestation, from which microsomes were isolated and incubated with probes. Metabolite and maternal plasma cortisol concentrations were measured using Liquid Chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS Maternal plasma cortisol concentration and maternal hepatic CYP1A2 and CYP3A activity was significantly higher in IUGR pregnancies. Maternal hepatic CYP activity was higher than fetal hepatic CYP activity for all CYPs tested, and there was minimal CYP1A2 or CYP3A activity in the late gestation fetus when assessed using in vitro methods. CONCLUSIONS The physiological changes to the maternal-placental-fetal unit in an IUGR pregnancy have significant effects on maternal drug metabolism, suggesting changes in medications and/or doses may be required to optimise maternal and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M McBride
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Ashley S Meakin
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Jia Yin Soo
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Tamara J Varcoe
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Emma L Bradshaw
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | | | - Brahmdeep S Saini
- The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada
| | | | - Mike Seed
- The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Mary J Berry
- University of Otago, Wellington, NZ 6242, New Zealand
| | - Michael D Wiese
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
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Ren J, Darby JRT, Lock MC, Holman SL, Saini BS, Bradshaw EL, Orgeig S, Perumal SR, Wiese MD, Macgowan CK, Seed M, Morrison JL. Impact of maternal late gestation undernutrition on surfactant maturation, pulmonary blood flow and oxygen delivery measured by magnetic resonance imaging in the sheep fetus. J Physiol 2021; 599:4705-4724. [PMID: 34487347 DOI: 10.1113/jp281292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Restriction of fetal substrate supply has an adverse effect on surfactant maturation in the lung and thus affects the transition from in utero placental oxygenation to pulmonary ventilation ex utero. The effects on surfactant maturation are mediated by alteration in mechanisms regulating surfactant protein and phospholipid synthesis. This study aimed to determine the effects of late gestation maternal undernutrition (LGUN) and LGUN plus fetal glucose infusion (LGUN+G) compared to Control on surfactant maturation and lung development, and the relationship with pulmonary blood flow and oxygen delivery ( D O 2 ) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with molecules that regulate lung development. LGUN from 115 to 140 days' gestation significantly decreased fetal body weight, which was normalized by glucose infusion. LGUN and LGUN+G resulted in decreased fetal plasma glucose concentration, with no change in fetal arterial P O 2 compared to control. There was no effect of LGUN and LGUN+G on the mRNA expression of surfactant proteins (SFTP) and genes regulating surfactant maturation in the fetal lung. However, blood flow in the main pulmonary artery was significantly increased in LGUN, despite no change in blood flow in the left or right pulmonary artery and D O 2 to the fetal lung. There was a negative relationship between left pulmonary artery flow and D O 2 to the left lung with SFTP-B and GLUT1 mRNA expression, while their relationship with VEGFR2 was positive. These results suggest that increased pulmonary blood flow measured by MRI may have an adverse effect on surfactant maturation during fetal lung development. KEY POINTS: Maternal undernutrition during gestation alters fetal lung development by impacting surfactant maturation. However, the direction of change remains controversial. We examined the effects of maternal late gestation maternal undernutrition (LGUN) on maternal and fetal outcomes, signalling pathways involved in fetal lung development, pulmonary haemodynamics and oxygen delivery in sheep using a combination of molecular and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. LGUN decreased fetal plasma glucose concentration without affecting arterial P O 2 . Surfactant maturation was not affected; however, main pulmonary artery blood flow was significantly increased in the LGUN fetuses. This is the first study to explore the relationship between in utero MRI measures of pulmonary haemodynamics and lung development. Across all treatment groups, left pulmonary artery blood flow and oxygen delivery were negatively correlated with surfactant protein B mRNA and protein expression in late gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ren
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brahmdeep S Saini
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Emma L Bradshaw
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sandra Orgeig
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sunthara R Perumal
- Preclinical Imaging & Research Laboratories, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael D Wiese
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mike Seed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Schrauben EM, Darby JRT, Berry MJ, Saini BS, Quinn M, Holman SL, Bradshaw EL, Lock MC, Perumal SR, Cho SKS, Aujla T, Seed M, Macgowan CK, Morrison JL. Open or closed: Changes in ductus arteriosus flow patterns at birth using 4D flow MRI in newborn piglets. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14999. [PMID: 34435462 PMCID: PMC8387787 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ductus arteriosus (DA) functionally closes during the transition from fetal to postnatal life because of lung aeration and corresponding cardiovascular changes. The thorough and explicit measurement and visualization of the right and left heart output during this transition has not been previously accomplished. We combined 4D flow MRI (dynamic volumetric blood flow measurements) and T2 relaxometry (oxygen delivery quantification) in surgically instrumented newborn piglets to assess the DA. This was performed in Large White-Landrace-Duroc piglets (n = 34) spanning four age groups: term-9 days, term-3, term+1, and term+5. Subject's DA status was classified using 4D flow: closed DA, forward DA flow, reversed DA flow, and bidirectional DA flow. Over all states, vessel diameters and flows normalized to body weight increased with age (for example in the ascending aorta flow-term-9: 126.6 ± 45.4; term+5: 260.2 ± 80.0 ml/min per kg; p = 0.0005; ascending aorta diameter-term-9: 5.2 ± 0.8; term+5: 7.7 ± 0.4 mm; p = 0.0004). In subjects with reversed DA blood flow there was lower common carotid artery blood flow (forward: 37.5 ± 9.0; reversed: 20.0 ± 7.4 ml/min per kg; p = 0.032). Linear regression revealed that as net DA flow decreases, common carotid artery flow decreases (R2 = 0.32, p = 0.004), and left (R2 = 0.33, p = 0.003) and right (R2 = 0.34, p = 0.003) pulmonary artery flow increases. Bidirectional DA blood flow changed oxygen saturation as determined by MRI between the ascending and descending aorta (ascending aorta: 90.1% ± 8.4%; descending aorta: 75.6% ± 14.2%; p < 0.05). Expanded use of these techniques in preterm animal models will aid in providing new understandings of normal versus abnormal DA transition, as well as to test the effectiveness of related clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack R. T. Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical InnovationUniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Mary J. Berry
- Centre for Translational Physiology & Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Brahmdeep S. Saini
- Heart CentreHospital for Sick ChildrenInstitute of Medical ScienceFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Megan Quinn
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical InnovationUniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Stacey L. Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical InnovationUniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Emma L. Bradshaw
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical InnovationUniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Mitchell C. Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical InnovationUniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Sunthara R. Perumal
- Preclinical Imaging and Research LaboratoriesSouth Australian Health & Medical Research InstituteAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Steven K. S. Cho
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical InnovationUniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Tanroop Aujla
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical InnovationUniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Mike Seed
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of PaediatricsHospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Christopher K. Macgowan
- Translational MedicineHospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada
- Department of BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical InnovationUniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
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Flouri D, Darby J, Holman SL, Perumal SR, David AL, Melbourne A, Morrison JL. Morphological Characterisation of Sheep Placentomes Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Placenta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.07.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Roff AJ, Morrison JL, Tai A, Clifton VL, Gatford KL. Maternal asthma during pregnancy and risks of allergy and asthma in progeny: a systematic review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2021; 19:2007-2013. [PMID: 33795583 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-20-00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this systematic review is to synthesize the best available evidence on the relationship between in utero exposure to maternal asthma and postnatal allergy. Secondary objectives are to investigate the impact of asthma loss of control, asthma exacerbation, and asthma severity during pregnancy on risks of allergy and asthma in progeny. INTRODUCTION Maternal asthma is a well-known risk factor for childhood asthma, with recent evidence suggesting that children of asthmatic mothers are also at increased risk of allergic diseases. Importantly, these do not appear to be purely genetic associations, since maternal asthma is more strongly associated with childhood asthma than paternal asthma. In addition, experimentally induced allergic asthma during pregnancy increases allergic responses to sensitization in mice. The strength of the relationships between exposure to maternal asthma or severity of maternal asthma, and progeny asthma and allergy are unknown. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review will include primary studies that report incidence of physician-diagnosed asthma or allergic disease in human progeny who were exposed in utero to maternal asthma, in comparison to progeny not exposed to maternal asthma. METHODS Initial search terms include (pregnan∗ OR gestat∗) AND asthma∗ AND allerg∗. We will search the following electronic databases for published and unpublished evidence: PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, Informit Health, MedNar, ProQuest, and Trove. There will be no restrictions on publication date. Only studies available as a full-text English publication will be considered for inclusion. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42020201538.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Roff
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew Tai
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Vicki L Clifton
- Mater Medical Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Gillam TA, Caporale C, Brooks RD, Bader CA, Sorvina A, Werrett MV, Wright PJ, Morrison JL, Massi M, Brooks DA, Zacchini S, Hickey SM, Stagni S, Plush SE. Neutral Re(I) Complex Platform for Live Intracellular Imaging. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10173-10185. [PMID: 34210122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent metal complexes are a valuable platform for the generation of cell imaging agents. However, many metal complexes are cationic, a factor that can dominate the intracellular accumulation to specific organelles. Neutral Re(I) complexes offer a more attractive platform for the development of bioconjugated imaging agents, where charge cannot influence their intracellular distribution. Herein, we report the synthesis of a neutral complex (ReAlkyne), which was used as a platform for the generation of four carbohydrate-conjugated imaging agents via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. A comprehensive evaluation of the physical and optical properties of each complex is provided, together with a determination of their utility as live cell imaging agents in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Unlike their cationic counterparts, many of which localize within mitochondria, these neutral complexes have localized within the endosomal/lysosomal network, a result consistent with examples of dinuclear carbohydrate-appended neutral Re(I) complexes that have been reported. This further demonstrates the utility of these neutral Re(I) complex imaging platforms as viable imaging platforms for the development of bioconjugated cell imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Gillam
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.,UniSA STEM, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Chiara Caporale
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Kent St., Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Christie A Bader
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Melissa V Werrett
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Phillip J Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Kent St., Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Kent St., Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Shane M Hickey
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Sally E Plush
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.,UniSA STEM, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
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Meakin AS, Cuffe JSM, Darby JRT, Morrison JL, Clifton VL. Let's Talk about Placental Sex, Baby: Understanding Mechanisms That Drive Female- and Male-Specific Fetal Growth and Developmental Outcomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126386. [PMID: 34203717 PMCID: PMC8232290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well understood that sex differences exist between females and males even before they are born. These sex-dependent differences may contribute to altered growth and developmental outcomes for the fetus. Based on our initial observations in the human placenta, we hypothesised that the male prioritises growth pathways in order to maximise growth through to adulthood, thereby ensuring the greatest chance of reproductive success. However, this male-specific “evolutionary advantage” likely contributes to males being less adaptable to shifts in the in-utero environment, which then places them at a greater risk for intrauterine morbidities or mortality. Comparatively, females are more adaptable to changes in the in-utero environment at the cost of growth, which may reduce their risk of poor perinatal outcomes. The mechanisms that drive these sex-specific adaptations to a change in the in-utero environment remain unclear, but an increasing body of evidence within the field of developmental biology would suggest that alterations to placental function, as well as the feto-placental hormonal milieu, is an important contributing factor. Herein, we have addressed the current knowledge regarding sex-specific intrauterine growth differences and have examined how certain pregnancy complications may alter these female- and male-specific adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S. Meakin
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.S.M.); (J.R.T.D.); (J.L.M.)
| | - James S. M. Cuffe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Jack R. T. Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.S.M.); (J.R.T.D.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.S.M.); (J.R.T.D.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Vicki L. Clifton
- Mater Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Paget TL, Parkinson-Lawrence EJ, Trim PJ, Autilio C, Panchal MH, Koster G, Echaide M, Snel MF, Postle AD, Morrison JL, Pérez-Gil J, Orgeig S. Increased Alveolar Heparan Sulphate and Reduced Pulmonary Surfactant Amount and Function in the Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA Mouse. Cells 2021; 10:849. [PMID: 33918094 PMCID: PMC8070179 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA (MPS IIIA) is a lysosomal storage disease with significant neurological and skeletal pathologies. Respiratory dysfunction is a secondary pathology contributing to mortality in MPS IIIA patients. Pulmonary surfactant is crucial to optimal lung function and has not been investigated in MPS IIIA. We measured heparan sulphate (HS), lipids and surfactant proteins (SP) in pulmonary tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and surfactant activity in healthy and diseased mice (20 weeks of age). Heparan sulphate, ganglioside GM3 and bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) were increased in MPS IIIA lung tissue. There was an increase in HS and a decrease in BMP and cholesteryl esters (CE) in MPS IIIA BALF. Phospholipid composition remained unchanged, but BALF total phospholipids were reduced (49.70%) in MPS IIIA. There was a reduction in SP-A, -C and -D mRNA, SP-D protein in tissue and SP-A, -C and -D protein in BALF of MPS IIIA mice. Captive bubble surfactometry showed an increase in minimum and maximum surface tension and percent surface area compression, as well as a higher compressibility and hysteresis in MPS IIIA surfactant upon dynamic cycling. Collectively these biochemical and biophysical changes in alveolar surfactant are likely to be detrimental to lung function in MPS IIIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L. Paget
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (T.L.P.); (E.J.P.-L.)
| | - Emma J. Parkinson-Lawrence
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (T.L.P.); (E.J.P.-L.)
| | - Paul J. Trim
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and MS-Imaging Core Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (P.J.T.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Chiara Autilio
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Complutense University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (M.E.); (J.P.-G.)
| | - Madhuriben H. Panchal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.H.P.); (G.K.); (A.D.P.)
| | - Grielof Koster
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.H.P.); (G.K.); (A.D.P.)
| | - Mercedes Echaide
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Complutense University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (M.E.); (J.P.-G.)
| | - Marten F. Snel
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and MS-Imaging Core Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (P.J.T.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Anthony D. Postle
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (M.H.P.); (G.K.); (A.D.P.)
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Jésus Pérez-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Complutense University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (M.E.); (J.P.-G.)
| | - Sandra Orgeig
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (T.L.P.); (E.J.P.-L.)
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Darby JRT, Berry MJ, Quinn M, Holman SL, Bradshaw EL, Jesse SM, Haller C, Seed M, Morrison JL. Haemodynamics and cerebral oxygenation of neonatal piglets in the immediate ex utero period supported by mechanical ventilation or ex utero oxygenator. J Physiol 2021; 599:2751-2761. [PMID: 33745149 DOI: 10.1113/jp280803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The margin of human viability has extended to the extremes of gestational age (<24 weeks) when the lungs are immature and ventilator-induced lung injury is common. Artificial placenta technology aims to extend gestation ex utero in order to allow the lungs additional time to develop prior to entering an air-breathing environment. We compared the haemodynamics and cerebral oxygenation of piglets in the immediate period post-oxygenator (OXY) transition against both paired in utero measures and uniquely against piglets transitioned onto mechanical ventilation (VENT). Post-transition, OXY piglets became hypotensive with reduced carotid blood flow in comparison with both paired in utero measures and VENT piglets. The addition of a pump to the oxygenator circuit may be required to ensure haemodynamic stability in the immediate post-transition period. ABSTRACT Gestational age at birth is a major predictor of wellbeing; the lower the gestational age, the greater the risk of mortality and morbidity. At the margins of human viability (<24 weeks gestation) immature lungs combined with the need for early ventilatory support means lung injury and respiratory morbidity is common. The abrupt haemodynamic changes consequent on birth may also contribute to preterm-associated brain injury, including intraventricular haemorrhage. Artificial placenta technology aims to support oxygenation, haemodynamic stability and ongoing fetal development ex utero until mature enough to safely transition to a true ex utero environment. We aimed to characterize the impact of birth transition onto either an oxygenator circuit or positive pressure ventilation on haemodynamic and cerebral oxygenation of the neonatal piglet. At 112 days gestation (term = 115 days), fetal pigs underwent instrumentation surgery and transitioned onto either an oxygenator (OXY, n = 5) or ventilatory support (VENT, n = 8). Blood pressure (BP), carotid blood flow and cerebral oxygenation in VENT piglets rose from in utero levels to be significantly higher than OXY piglets post-transition. OXY piglet BP, carotid blood flow and carotid oxygen delivery (DO2 ) decreased from in utero levels post-transition; however, cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO2 ) was maintained at fetal-like levels. OXY piglets became hypoxaemic and retained CO2 . Whether OXY piglets are able to maintain cerebral rSO2 under these conditions for a prolonged period is yet to be determined. Improvements to OXY piglet oxygenation may lie in maintaining piglet BP at in utero levels and enhancing oxygenator circuit flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mary J Berry
- Centre for Translational Physiology, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Megan Quinn
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emma L Bradshaw
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah M Jesse
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christoph Haller
- Univeristy of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mike Seed
- Univeristy of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Lazniewska J, Darby JRT, Holman SL, Sorvina A, Plush SE, Massi M, Brooks DA, Morrison JL. In utero substrate restriction by placental insufficiency or maternal undernutrition decreases optical redox ratio in foetal perirenal fat. J Biophotonics 2021; 14:e202000322. [PMID: 33389813 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can result from reduced delivery of substrates, including oxygen and glucose, during pregnancy and may be caused by either placental insufficiency or maternal undernutrition. As a consequence of IUGR, there is altered programming of adipose tissue and this can be associated with metabolic diseases later in life. We have utilised two sheep models of IUGR, placental restriction and late gestation undernutrition, to determine the metabolic effects of growth restriction on foetal perirenal adipose tissue (PAT). Two-photon microscopy was employed to obtain an optical redox ratio, which gives an indication of cell metabolism. PAT of IUGR foetuses exhibited higher metabolic activity, altered lipid droplet morphology, upregulation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit genes and decreased expression of genes involved in growth and differentiation. Our results indicate that there are adaptations in PAT of IUGR foetuses that might be protective and ensure survival in response to an IUGR insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Lazniewska
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Morrison JL, Ayonrinde OT, Care AS, Clarke GD, Darby JRT, David AL, Dean JM, Hooper SB, Kitchen MJ, Macgowan CK, Melbourne A, McGillick EV, McKenzie CA, Michael N, Mohammed N, Sadananthan SA, Schrauben E, Regnault TRH, Velan SS. Seeing the fetus from a DOHaD perspective: discussion paper from the advanced imaging techniques of DOHaD applications workshop held at the 2019 DOHaD World Congress. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:153-167. [PMID: 32955011 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced imaging techniques are enhancing research capacity focussed on the developmental origins of adult health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, and consequently increasing awareness of future health risks across various subareas of DOHaD research themes. Understanding how these advanced imaging techniques in animal models and human population studies can be both additively and synergistically used alongside traditional techniques in DOHaD-focussed laboratories is therefore of great interest. Global experts in advanced imaging techniques congregated at the advanced imaging workshop at the 2019 DOHaD World Congress in Melbourne, Australia. This review summarizes the presentations of new imaging modalities and novel applications to DOHaD research and discussions had by DOHaD researchers that are currently utilizing advanced imaging techniques including MRI, hyperpolarized MRI, ultrasound, and synchrotron-based techniques to aid their DOHaD research focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Oyekoya T Ayonrinde
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alison S Care
- The Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Geoffrey D Clarke
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anna L David
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Justin M Dean
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stuart B Hooper
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcus J Kitchen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Melbourne
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Erin V McGillick
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute and Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nuruddin Mohammed
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Schrauben
- Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy R H Regnault
- Lawson Health Research Institute and Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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Saini BS, Darby JRT, Marini D, Portnoy S, Lock MC, Yin Soo J, Holman SL, Perumal SR, Wald RM, Windrim R, Macgowan CK, Kingdom JC, Morrison JL, Seed M. An MRI approach to assess placental function in healthy humans and sheep. J Physiol 2021; 599:2573-2602. [PMID: 33675040 DOI: 10.1113/jp281002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Human placental function is evaluated using non-invasive Doppler ultrasound of umbilical and uterine artery pulsatility indices as measures of resistance in placental vascular beds, while measurement of placental oxygen consumption ( V O 2 ) is only possible during Caesarean delivery. This study shows the feasibility of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in utero to measure blood flow and oxygen content in uterine and umbilical vessels to calculate oxygen delivery to and V O 2 by the gravid uterus, uteroplacenta and fetus. Normal late gestational human uteroplacental V O 2 by MRI was ∼4 ml min-1 kg-1 fetal weight, which was similar to our MRI measurements in sheep and to those previously measured using invasive techniques. Our MRI approach can quantify uteroplacental V O 2 , which involves the quantification of maternal- and fetal-placental blood flows, fetal oxygen delivery and V O 2 , and the oxygen gradient between uterine- and umbilical-venous blood, providing a comprehensive assessment of placental function with clinical potential. ABSTRACT It has not been feasible to perform routine clinical measurement of human placental oxygen consumption ( V O 2 ) and in vitro studies do not reflect true metabolism in utero. Here we propose an MRI method to non-invasively quantify in utero placental and fetal oxygen delivery ( D O 2 ) and V O 2 in healthy humans and sheep. Women (n = 20) and Merino sheep (n = 10; 23 sets of measurements) with singleton pregnancies underwent an MRI in late gestation (36 ± 2 weeks and 128 ± 9 days, respectively; mean ± SD). Blood flow (phase-contrast) and oxygen content (T1 and T2 relaxometry) were measured in the major uterine- and umbilical-placental vessels, allowing calculation of uteroplacental and fetal D O 2 and V O 2 . Maternal D O 2 (ml min-1 kg-1 fetus) to the gravid uterus was similar in humans and sheep (human = 54 ± 15, sheep = 53 ± 21, P = 0.854), while fetal D O 2 (human = 25 ± 4, sheep = 22 ± 5, P = 0.049) was slightly lower in sheep. Uteroplacental and fetal V O 2 (ml min-1 kg-1 fetus; uteroplacental: human = 4.1 ± 1.5, sheep = 3.5 ± 1.9, P = 0.281; fetus: human = 6.8 ± 1.3, sheep = 7.2 ± 1.7, P = 0.426) were similar between species. Late gestational uteroplacental:fetal V O 2 ratio did not change with age (human, P = 0.256; sheep, P = 0.121). Human umbilical blood flow (ml min-1 kg-1 fetus) decreased with advancing age (P = 0.008), while fetal V O 2 was preserved through an increase in oxygen extraction (P = 0.046). By contrast, sheep fetal V O 2 was preserved through stable umbilical flow (ml min-1 kg-1 ; P = 0.443) and oxygen extraction (P = 0.582). MRI derived measurements of uteroplacental and fetal V O 2 between humans and sheep were similar and in keeping with prior data obtained using invasive techniques. Taken together, these data confirm the reliability of our approach, which offers a novel clinical 'placental function test'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahmdeep S Saini
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Davide Marini
- Division of Cardiology, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Sharon Portnoy
- Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Jia Yin Soo
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Sunthara R Perumal
- Preclinical, Imaging and Research Laboratories, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, 5086, Australia
| | - Rachel M Wald
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Rory Windrim
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1E2, Canada
| | - Christopher K Macgowan
- Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - John C Kingdom
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1E2, Canada
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Mike Seed
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1E2, Canada
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Aujla T, Darby JRT, Saini BS, Lock MC, Holman SL, Bradshaw EL, Perumal SR, McInnes SJP, Voelcker NH, Wiese MD, Macgowan CK, Seed M, Morrison JL. Impact of resveratrol-mediated increase in uterine artery blood flow on fetal haemodynamics, blood pressure and oxygenation in sheep. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1166-1180. [PMID: 33600040 DOI: 10.1113/ep089237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Uterine artery blood flow helps to maintain fetal oxygen and nutrient delivery. We investigated the effects of increased uterine artery blood flow mediated by resveratrol on fetal growth, haemodynamics, blood pressure regulation and oxygenation in pregnant sheep. What is the main finding and its importance? Fetuses from resveratrol-treated ewes were significantly larger and exhibited a haemodynamic profile that might promote peripheral growth. Absolute uterine artery blood flow was positively correlated with umbilical vein oxygen saturation, absolute fetal oxygen delivery and fetal growth. Increasing uterine artery blood flow with compounds such as resveratrol might have clinical significance for pregnancy conditions in which fetal growth and oxygenation are compromised. ABSTRACT High placental vascular resistance hinders uterine artery (UtA) blood flow and fetal substrate delivery. In the same group of animals as the present study, we have previously shown that resveratrol (RSV) increases UtA blood flow, fetal weight and oxygenation in an ovine model of human pregnancy. However, the mechanisms behind changes in growth and the effects of increases in UtA blood flow on fetal circulatory physiology have yet to be investigated. Twin-bearing ewes received s.c. vehicle (VEH, n = 5) or RSV (n = 6) delivery systems at 113 days of gestation (term = 150 days). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 123-124 days to quantify fetal volume, blood flow and oxygen saturation of major fetal vessels. At 128 days, i.v. infusions of sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine were administered to study the vascular tone of the fetal descending aorta. Maternal RSV increased fetal body volume (P = 0.0075) and weight (P = 0.0358), with no change in brain volume or brain weight. There was a positive relationship between absolute UtA blood flow and umbilical vein oxygen saturation, absolute fetal oxygen delivery and combined fetal twin volume (all P ≤ 0.05). There were no differences between groups in fetal haemodynamics or blood pressure regulation except for higher blood flow to the lower body in RSV fetuses (P = 0.0170). The observed increase in fetal weight might be helpful in pregnancy conditions in which fetal growth and oxygen delivery are compromised. Further preclinical investigations on the mechanism(s) accounting for these changes and the potential to improve growth in complicated pregnancies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanroop Aujla
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brahmdeep S Saini
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emma L Bradshaw
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sunthara R Perumal
- Preclinical Imaging and Research Laboratories, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Steven J P McInnes
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael D Wiese
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher K Macgowan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mike Seed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Charest‐Pekeski AJ, Sheta A, Taniguchi L, McVey MJ, Floh A, Sun L, Aujla T, Cho SKS, Ren J, Crawford‐Lean L, Foreman C, Lim JM, Saini BS, Estrada M, Lam A, Belik J, Mroczek D, Quinn M, Holman SL, Darby JRT, Seed M, Morrison JL, Haller C. Achieving sustained extrauterine life: Challenges of an artificial placenta in fetal pigs as a model of the preterm human fetus. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14742. [PMID: 33650787 PMCID: PMC7923578 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial placenta (AP) technology aims to maintain fetal circulation, while promoting the physiologic development of organs. Recent reports of experiments performed in sheep indicate the intrauterine environment can be recreated through the cannulation of umbilical vessels, replacement of the placenta with a low-resistance membrane oxygenator, and incubation of the fetus in fluid. However, it remains to be seen whether animal fetuses similar in size to the extremely preterm human infant that have been proposed as a potential target for this technology can be supported in this way. Preterm Yucatan miniature piglets are similar in size to extremely preterm human infants and share similar umbilical cord anatomy, raising the possibility to serve as a good model to investigate the AP. To characterize fetal cardiovascular physiology, the carotid artery (n = 24) was cannulated in utero and umbilical vein (UV) and umbilical artery were sampled. Fetal UV flow was measured by MRI (n = 16). Piglets were delivered at 98 ± 4 days gestation (term = 115 days), cannulated, and supported on the AP (n = 12) for 684 ± 228 min (range 195-3077 min). UV flow was subphysiologic (p = .002), while heart rate was elevated on the AP compared with in utero controls (p = .0007). We observed an inverse relationship between heart rate and UV flow (r2 = .4527; p < .001) with progressive right ventricular enlargement that was associated with reduced contractility and ultimately hydrops and circulatory collapse. We attribute this to excessive afterload imposed by supraphysiologic circuit resistance and augmented sympathetic activity. We conclude that short-term support of the preterm piglet on the AP is feasible, although we have not been able to attain normal fetal physiology. In the future, we propose to investigate the feasibility of an AP circuit that incorporates a centrifugal pump in our miniature pig model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Charest‐Pekeski
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Translational MedicineThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Ayman Sheta
- Department of PediatricsDivision of NeonatologyThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Luiza Taniguchi
- Division of CardiologyThe Labatt Family Heart CentreThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Mark J. McVey
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain MedicineDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PhysicsRyerson UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Alejandro Floh
- Division of CardiologyThe Labatt Family Heart CentreThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Liqun Sun
- Division of CardiologyThe Labatt Family Heart CentreThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Tanroop Aujla
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Translational MedicineThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research GroupHealth and Biomedical InnovationClinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Steven K. S. Cho
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Translational MedicineThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research GroupHealth and Biomedical InnovationClinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jiaqi Ren
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Translational MedicineThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Lynn Crawford‐Lean
- Division of Cardiovascular SurgeryThe Labatt Family Heart CentreThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Celeste Foreman
- Division of Cardiovascular SurgeryThe Labatt Family Heart CentreThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Jessie Mei Lim
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Translational MedicineThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Brahmdeep S. Saini
- Translational MedicineThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Marvin Estrada
- Lab Animal ServicesResearch InstituteThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Anson Lam
- Lab Animal ServicesResearch InstituteThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Jaques Belik
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Dariusz Mroczek
- Division of CardiologyThe Labatt Family Heart CentreThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Megan Quinn
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research GroupHealth and Biomedical InnovationClinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Stacey L. Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research GroupHealth and Biomedical InnovationClinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jack R. T. Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research GroupHealth and Biomedical InnovationClinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Mike Seed
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of CardiologyThe Labatt Family Heart CentreThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research GroupHealth and Biomedical InnovationClinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Christoph Haller
- Division of Cardiovascular SurgeryThe Labatt Family Heart CentreThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
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South AM, Alexander BT, Morrison JL, Sehgal A. Reply. J Pediatr 2021; 230:275-276. [PMID: 33253734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M South
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Brenner Children's Hospital and Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery-Hypertension and Vascular Research, Cardiovascular Sciences Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Barbara T Alexander
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Arvind Sehgal
- Monash Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Flouri D, Darby JRT, Holman SL, Perumal SR, David AL, Morrison JL, Melbourne A. Magnetic resonance imaging of placentome development in the pregnant Ewe. Placenta 2021; 105:61-69. [PMID: 33549925 PMCID: PMC7611430 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Novel imaging measurements of placental development are difficult to validate due to the invasive nature of gold-standard procedures. Animal studies have been important in validation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements in invasive preclinical studies, as they allow for controlled experiments and analysis of multiple time-points during pregnancy. This study characterises the longitudinal diffusion and perfusion properties of sheep placentomes using MRI, measurements that are required for future validation studies. METHODS Pregnant ewes were anaesthetised for a MRI session on a 3T scanner. Placental MRI was used to classify placentomes morphologically into three types based on their shape and size at two gestational ages. To validate classification accuracy, placentome type derived from MRI data were compared with placentome categorisation results after delivery. Diffusion-Weighted MRI and T2-relaxometry were used to measure a broad range of biophysical properties of the placentomes. RESULTS MRI morphological classification results showed consistent gestational age changes in placentome shape, as supported by post-delivery gold standard data. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient was significantly higher at 110 days gestation than at late gestation (~140 days; term, 150 days). Mean T2 was higher at mid gestation (152.2 ± 58.1 ms) compared to late gestation (127.8 ms ± 52.0). Significantly higher perfusion fraction was measured in late gestation placentomes that also had a significantly higher fractional anisotropy when compared to the earlier gestational age. DISCUSSION We report baseline measurements of techniques common in placental MRI for the sheep placenta. These measurements are essential to support future validation measurements of placental MRI techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Flouri
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sunthara R Perumal
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Preclinical, Imaging & Research Laboratories, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Anna L David
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew Melbourne
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Copping KJ, Hernandez-Medrano J, Hoare A, Hummitzsch K, McMillen IC, Morrison JL, Rodgers RJ, Perry VEA. Maternal periconceptional and first trimester protein restriction in beef heifers: effects on placental parameters and fetal and neonatal calf development. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:495-507. [PMID: 32029064 DOI: 10.1071/rd19017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the effects of nutrition during the periconception and early gestation periods on fetal and placental development in cattle. In this study, nulliparous yearling heifers (n=360) were individually fed a diet high or low in protein (HPeri and LPeri) beginning 60 days before conception. From 24 to 98 days after conception, half of each treatment group was changed to the alternative high- or low-protein diet (HPost and LPost) yielding four groups in a 2×2 factorial design. A subset of heifers (n=46) was necropsied at 98 days after conception and fetoplacental development assessed. Placentome number and volume decreased in response to LPeri and LPost diets respectively. Absolute lung, pancreas, septum and ventricle weights decreased in LPost versus HPost fetuses, whereas the post-conception diet altered absolute and relative liver and brain weights depending on sex. Similarly, changes in fetal hepatic gene expression of factors regulating growth, glucose output and lipid metabolism were induced by protein restriction in a sex-specific manner. At term, neonatal calf and placental measures were not different. Protein restriction of heifers during the periconception and early gestation periods alters fetoplacental development and hepatic gene expression. These changes may contribute to functional consequences for progeny, but this may not be apparent from gross morphometry at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Copping
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - J Hernandez-Medrano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Derby Road, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - A Hoare
- South East Vets, 314 Commercial Street, Mount Gambier, SA 5290, Australia
| | - K Hummitzsch
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - I C McMillen
- The Chancellery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - J L Morrison
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, SA 5001, Australia
| | - R J Rodgers
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - V E A Perry
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; and Corresponding author.
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Meakin AS, Morrison JL, Bradshaw EL, Holman SL, Saif Z, Gatford KL, Wallace MJ, Bischof RJ, Moss TJM, Clifton VL. Identification of placental androgen receptor isoforms in a sheep model of maternal allergic asthma. Placenta 2021; 104:232-235. [PMID: 33450642 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maternal asthma is known to impact intrauterine growth outcomes, which may be mediated, in part, by altered androgen signalling. Our aim was to explore whether the sheep placenta expresses androgen receptor (AR) isoforms and determine if the differential expression of AR protein isoforms is altered by maternal asthma. Four known AR isoforms were detected (AR-FL, AR-v1, AR-v7, and AR-45), and their expression and subcellular distribution was altered in the presence of maternal allergic asthma. These findings underscore the importance for in vivo models of maternal asthma to delineate molecular patterns that may contribute to feto-placental growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S Meakin
- Pregnancy and Development Group, Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Emma L Bradshaw
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zarqa Saif
- Pregnancy and Development Group, Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Megan J Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Robert J Bischof
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Timothy J M Moss
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Vicki L Clifton
- Pregnancy and Development Group, Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Darby JRT, Varcoe TJ, Holman SL, McMillen IC, Morrison JL. The reliance on α-adrenergic receptor stimuli for blood pressure regulation in the chronically hypoxaemic fetus is not dependent on post-ganglionic activation. J Physiol 2020; 599:1307-1318. [PMID: 33347615 DOI: 10.1113/jp280693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Chronic hypoxaemia is associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and a predisposition to the development of hypertension in adult life. IUGR fetuses exhibit a greater reliance on α-adrenergic activation for blood pressure regulation. The fetal blood pressure response to post-ganglionic blockade is not different between control and IUGR fetuses. The decrease in mean arterial pressure is greater in the IUGR sheep fetus after α-adrenergic receptor blockade at the level of the vasculature and this is inversely related to fetal P O 2 . The increased reliance that the IUGR fetus has on α-adrenergic activation for maintenance of mean arterial pressure is not a result of increased post-ganglionic sympathetic activation. ABSTRACT Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adult life. Placental restriction (PR) in sheep results in chronic hypoxaemia and early onset IUGR with increased circulating plasma noradrenaline concentrations. These IUGR fetuses exhibit a greater decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) during α-adrenergic blockade. We aimed to determine the role of post-ganglionic sympathetic activation with respect to regulating MAP in IUGR fetal sheep. PR was induced by carunclectomy surgery prior to conception. Fetal vascular catheterization was performed at 110-126 days gestational age (GA) (term, 150 days) in nine control and seven PR-IUGR fetuses. The fetal blood pressure response to both a post-ganglionic and an α-adrenergic receptor blocker was assessed at 116-120 days GA and/or 129-131 days GA. The effect of both post ganglionic and α-adrenergic blockade on fetal blood pressure was then compared between control and IUGR fetuses at both GAs. There was no difference in the effect of post-ganglionic blockade on MAP in control and IUGR fetal sheep at either 116-120 days GA or 129-131 days GA. α-adrenergic receptor blockade decreased MAP to the same extent in both control and IUGR fetuses at 116-120 days GA. At 129-131 days GA, the drop in MAP in response to α-adrenergic receptor blockade was greater in IUGR fetuses than controls. There was a significant inverse relationship between the drop in MAP in response to α-adrenergic receptor blockade at both GAs with fetal P O 2 . Thus, the increased dependence on α-adrenergic activation for blood pressure regulation in the chronically hypoxaemic IUGR fetus is not a result of increased post-ganglionic sympathetic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tamara J Varcoe
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - I Caroline McMillen
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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McBride GM, Soo JY, Varcoe T, Morrison JL, Wiese MD. Development of a method to determine cytochrome P450 1A2, 2C9, 2D6 and 3A4 activity sheep hepatic microsomes. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2020; 106:106934. [PMID: 33080390 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ex vivo studies of human fetal hepatic drug metabolism are uncommon as it requires access to functional liver tissue and therefore raises practical and ethical concerns. Large animal models provide an alternative opportunity to study changes in cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity in the mother and fetus during pregnancy. We aimed to develop methods to determine the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 in sheep hepatic microsomes. METHODS We identified optimal conditions to determine the activity of CYP1A2 (using the probe drug phenacetin), CYP2C9 (diclofenac), CYP2D6 (dextromethorphan) and CYP3A4 (midazolam) by varying techniques for microsome extraction, probe drug concentration, incubation time and microsome concentration. The specificity of each probe drug was assessed by determining the rate of metabolism when specific CYP enzyme inhibitors were included in the reaction. RESULTS The optimum incubation time and probe drug concentration was six hours with 5 μM phenacetin (CYP1A2), four hours with 10 μM diclofenac (CYP2C9), 30 min with 1 μM of midazolam (CYP3A4) and 10 min with 1 μM dextromethorphan (CYP2D6). For both CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 reactions required 20 μg of microsomal protein, whereas for CYP1A2 and CYP2C9, reactions required 40 μg of microsomal protein. Metabolism of phenacetin, dextromethorphan and midazolam was reduced by specific enzyme inhibitors, but the specific CYP2C9 inhibitor sulfaphenazole did not substantially inhibit diclofenac metabolism. DISCUSSION This study identifies the optimal conditions for determining CYP activity in maternal sheep hepatic microsomes. In doing so, we have developed a standardised protocol for assessment of microsomal activity of CYP3A4, CYP1A2 and CYP2D6, but we were unable to optimise conditions for assessment of CYP2C9. This approach can be applied to investigate the impact of pregnancy complications on maternal and fetal hepatic drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M McBride
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Jia Yin Soo
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Tamara Varcoe
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Michael D Wiese
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
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Darby JRT, Schrauben EM, Saini BS, Holman SL, Perumal SR, Seed M, Macgowan CK, Morrison JL. Umbilical vein infusion of prostaglandin I 2 increases ductus venosus shunting of oxygen-rich blood but does not increase cerebral oxygen delivery in the fetal sheep. J Physiol 2020; 598:4957-4967. [PMID: 32776527 DOI: 10.1113/jp280019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The ductus venosus (DV) is a dynamic fetal shunt that allows substrate-rich blood from the umbilical vein to bypass the hepatic circulation. In vitro studies suggest a direct role of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2 ) in the regulation of DV tone; however, the extent of this regulation has not been determined in utero. 4D flow and T2 oximetry magnetic resonance imaging can be combined to determine blood flow and oxygen delivery within the fetal circulation. PGI2 increases DV shunting of substrate-rich blood but this does not increase cerebral oxygen delivery. ABSTRACT During fetal development, the maintenance of adequate oxygen and nutrient supply to vital organs is regulated through specialized fetal shunts. One of these shunts, the ductus venosus (DV), allows oxygen-rich blood to preferentially stream from the placenta toward the heart and brain. Herein, we combine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques that measure blood flow (4D flow) and oxygen saturation (T2 oximetry) in the fetal circuit to determine whether umbilical vein infusion of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2 , regulator of DV tone ex utero) directly dilates the DV and thus increases the preferential streaming of oxygen-rich blood toward the brain. At 114-115 days gestational age (dGA; term = 150 days), fetal sheep (n = 6) underwent surgery to implant vascular catheters in the fetal femoral artery, femoral vein, amniotic cavity and umbilical vein. Fetal MRI scans were performed at 119-124 dGA. 4D flow and T2 oximetry were performed to measure blood flow and oxygen saturation across the fetal circulation in both a basal state and whilst the fetus was receiving a continuous infusion of PGI2 . The proportion of oxygenated blood that passed through the DV from the umbilical vein was increased by PGI2 . Cerebral oxygen delivery was unchanged in the PGI2 state. This may be a result of decreased flow from the right to left side of the heart as blood flow through the foramen ovale was decreased by PGI2 . We have shown that although PGI2 acts on the DV to increase the proportion of oxygen-rich blood that bypasses the liver, this does not increase cerebral oxygen delivery in the fetal sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Eric M Schrauben
- Univeristy of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brahmdeep S Saini
- Univeristy of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Sunthara Rajan Perumal
- Preclinical, Imaging & Research Laboratories, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mike Seed
- Univeristy of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
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Schrauben EM, Darby JRT, Saini BS, Holman SL, Lock MC, Perumal SR, Seed M, Morrison JL, Macgowan CK. Technique for comprehensive fetal hepatic blood flow assessment in sheep using 4D flow MRI. J Physiol 2020; 598:3555-3567. [PMID: 32533704 DOI: 10.1113/jp279631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The comprehensive visualization and quantification of in vivo fetal hepatic haemodynamics, particularly the shunting of ductus venosus blood, has been elusive and is not yet fully understood. We introduce the combination of chronically instrumented fetal sheep and 4D flow MRI of the whole fetal liver, which allows retrospective blood flow measurement in all visible vessels as well as qualitative assessment. The applicability and usefulness of this technique is exhibited in normally grown fetal Merino sheep in mid- and late-gestation with detailed dynamic distribution of hepatic blood flow presented. The feasibility of this approach in clinical pathology is demonstrated in two growth-restricted fetuses at mid-gestation. Further exemplification of blood flow quantification is performed over major hepatic vessels. ABSTRACT Although the fetal vasculature has been demarcated and well understood for several decades, the corresponding haemodynamics permitting oxygen- and nutrient-rich blood delivery to the fetal organs has been comparatively difficult to study. We married two well-established methods: 4D flow MRI, a volumetric and dynamic blood-flow measurement technique, and chronically instrumented sheep to broadly assess fetal hepatic circulation. We performed this technique in mid- and late-gestation fetal Merino sheep under normoxemic conditions and major hepatic vasculature was segmented to quantify blood flow and related parameters. Dynamic blood flow was visualized, exhibiting an acceleration of umbilical vein blood through the ductus venosus as well as spiralling into the inferior vena cava where its stream remained separate from that of the hepatic veins and lower body. Ductus venosus changes from mid- to late-gestation included larger diameter (mid: 5.8 ± 0.9 vs. late: 7.1 ± 1.1 mm; P = 0.003) and cross-sectional area (mid: 27.1 ± 8.6 vs. late: 40.4 ± 11.8 mm2 ; P = 0.003), and lower velocity averaged over the cardiac cycle (mid: 15.7 ± 5.4 vs. late: 9.8 ± 7.0 cm s-1 ; P = 0.020). This resulted in higher magnitude blood flow (indexed to umbilical vein input) at mid-gestation in the ductus venosus (mid: 0.73 ± 0.21; late: 0.46 ± 0.21; P = 0.008). The visualization and quantification results support the further use of this technique to better understand regional blood flow changes during normal or abnormal fetal growth, as well as to observe acute haemodynamic responses to physiological challenges or drug interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia
| | - Brahmdeep S Saini
- Heart Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia
| | - Sunthara R Perumal
- Preclinical Imaging and Research Laboratories, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute
| | - Mike Seed
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia
| | - Christopher K Macgowan
- Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto
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Lock MC, Tellam RL, Darby JRT, Soo JY, Brooks DA, Seed M, Selvanayagam JB, Morrison JL. Identification of Novel miRNAs Involved in Cardiac Repair Following Infarction in Fetal and Adolescent Sheep Hearts. Front Physiol 2020; 11:614. [PMID: 32587529 PMCID: PMC7298149 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Animal models have been used to show that there are critical molecular mechanisms that can be activated to induce myocardial repair at specific times in development. For example, specific miRNAs are critical for regulating the response to myocardial infarction (MI) and improving the response to injury. Manipulating these miRNAs in small animal models provides beneficial effects post-MI; however it is not known if these miRNAs are regulated similarly in large mammals. Studying a large animal where the timing of heart development in relation to birth is similar to humans may provide insights to better understand the capacity to repair a developing mammalian heart and its application to the adult heart. Methods We used a sheep model of MI that included permanent ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Surgery was performed on fetuses (at 105 days gestation when all cardiomyocytes are mononucleated and proliferative) and adolescent sheep (at 6 months of age when all cardiomyocytes contribute to heart growth by hypertrophy). A microarray was utilized to determine the expression of known miRNAs within the damaged and undamaged tissue regions in fetal and adolescent hearts after MI. Results 73 miRNAs were up-regulated and 58 miRNAs were down-regulated significantly within the fetal infarct compared to remote cardiac samples. From adolescent hearts 69 non-redundant miRNAs were up-regulated and 63 miRNAs were down-regulated significantly in the infarct area compared to remote samples. Opposite differential expression profiles of 10 miRNAs within tissue regions (Infarct area, Border zone and Remote area of the left ventricle) occurred between the fetuses and adolescent sheep. These included miR-558 and miR-1538, which when suppressed using LNA anti-miRNAs in cell culture, increased cardiomyoblast proliferation. Conclusion There were significant differences in miRNA responses in fetal and adolescent sheep hearts following a MI, suggesting that the modulation of novel miRNA expression may have therapeutic potential, by promoting proliferation or repair in a damaged heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ross L Tellam
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jia Yin Soo
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mike Seed
- Division of Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph B Selvanayagam
- Cardiac Imaging Research, Department of Heart Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Cho SKS, Darby JRT, Saini BS, Lock MC, Holman SL, Lim JM, Perumal SR, Macgowan CK, Morrison JL, Seed M. Feasibility of ventricular volumetry by cardiovascular MRI to assess cardiac function in the fetal sheep. J Physiol 2020; 598:2557-2573. [PMID: 32378201 DOI: 10.1113/jp279054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The application of fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) to assess fetal cardiovascular physiology and cardiac function through the quantification of ventricular volumes has previously been investigated, but the approach has not yet been fully validated. Ventricular output measurements calculated from heart rate and stroke volumes (SV) of the right and left ventricles measured by ventricular volumetry (VV) exhibited a high level of agreement with phase-contrast (PC) blood flow measurements in the main pulmonary artery and ascending aorta, respectively. Ejection fraction of the right ventricle, which is lower than that of the left ventricle in postnatal subjects, was similar to the left ventricular ejection fraction in the fetus; probably due to the different loading conditions present in the fetal circulation. This study provides evidence to support the reliability of VV in the sheep fetus, providing evidence for its use in animal models of human diseases affecting the fetal circulation. ABSTRACT The application of ventricular volumetry (VV) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in the fetus remains challenging due to the small size of the fetal heart and high heart rate. The reliability of this technique in utero has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and reliability of VV in a fetal sheep model of human pregnancy. Right and left ventricular outputs by stroke volume (SV) measured using VV were compared with 2D phase-contrast (PC) CMR measurements of blood flow in the main pulmonary artery (MPA) and ascending aorta (AAo). At 124-140 days (d) gestation, singleton bearing Merino ewes underwent CMR under general anaesthesia using fetal femoral artery catheters, implanted at 109-117d, to trigger cine steady state free precession acquisitions of ventricular short-axis stacks. The short-axis cine stacks were segmented at end-systole and end-diastole, yielding right and left ventricular SV, ejection fraction, and cardiac outputs (SV × heart rate). PC cine acquisitions of MPA and AAo were analysed to measure blood flow, which served as comparators for the right and left cardiac outputs by VV. There was good correlation and agreement between VV and PC measures of ventricular outputs with no significant bias (r2 = 0.926; P < 0.0001; Bias = -4.7 ± 10.5 ml min-1 kg-1 ; 95% limits of agreement: -15.9 to 25.2 ml min-1 kg-1 ). This study validates fetal VV by CMR in a large animal model of human pregnancy and provides preliminary reference values of fetal sheep right and left ventricles in late gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K S Cho
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.,Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Brahmdeep S Saini
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Jessie Mei Lim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sunthara Rajan Perumal
- Preclinical, Imaging & Research Laboratories, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christopher K Macgowan
- Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Mike Seed
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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