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Keppanan R, Sivaperumal S, Chadra Kanta D, Akutse KS, Wang L. Molecular docking of protease from Metarhizium anisopliae and their toxic effect against model insect Galleria mellonella. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 138:8-14. [PMID: 28456309 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fungal virulence has been mostly associated with cuticle-degrading enzymes, which form the first formidable barrier to pathogens and pass through certain discrete stages before breaching the insect cuticle. The present study was conducted to extract and purify the extracellular protease enzyme from three isolates from Metarhizium anisopliae. The molecular weight of protease enzyme from each isolate was identified using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and found to be 35-40kDa. The partially purified enzymes were tested to identify its toxic effects against the developmental stages of IVth instar larvae of Galleria mellonella and the mortality of larvae among the three isolates was observed. The Tk6 isolate showed an ascending effect after 48h of exposure, with highest mortality at 120h post inoculation. It also showed more virulence against the model insect compared to other strains. Tk6 isolate's active protein band was analyzed by MALDI-TOF and docking study was carried out to find the interaction between the fungal and insect proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindran Keppanan
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests - Vegetable subcenter, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Sivaramakrishnan Sivaperumal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Dash Chadra Kanta
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests - Vegetable subcenter, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Komivi Senyo Akutse
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, MOE., Faculty of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Liande Wang
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests - Vegetable subcenter, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, MOE., Faculty of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
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Fernandes EG, Valério HM, Feltrin T, Van Der Sand ST. Variability in the production of extracellular enzymes by entomopathogenic fungi grown on different substrates. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:827-33. [PMID: 24031896 PMCID: PMC3768820 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822012000200049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi are important controllers of pest-insects populations in agricultural production systems and in natural environment. These fungi have enzymatic machinery which involve since the recognition and adherence of spores in their hosts culminating with infection and death of these insects. The main objective of this study was to analyzed extracellular enzyme production of the fungi strains Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces sp when cultured on substrates. These fungi were grown in minimal media containing specific substrates for the analysis of different enzymes such as amylases, cellulases, esterases, lipases, proteases (gelatin and caseinase), pectinases and cuticles of Musca domestica larvae and adults. All the assays were performed with and without the presence of dextrose in the culture media. The quantification of enzyme activity was performed by the ratio of halo / colony (H/C) and the results subjected to variance analysis level of 5% (ANOVA) followed by post-Tukey test. All strains were positive for lipase and also they showed a high significant enzyme production for gelatin at concentrations of 4 and 1%. B. bassiana and Paecilomyces sp. were positive for amylase, pectinase and caseinase, and only Paecilomyces sp. showed cellulase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio Gomes Fernandes
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre, RS , Brasil
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Abstract
Some fungi cause disease in humans and plants, while others have demonstrable potential for the control of insect pests. In addition, fungi are also a rich reservoir of therapeutic metabolites and industrially useful enzymes. Detailed analysis of fungal biochemistry is now enabled by multiple technologies including protein mass spectrometry, genome and transcriptome sequencing and advances in bioinformatics. Yet, the assignment of function to fungal proteins, encoded either by in silico annotated, or unannotated genes, remains problematic. The purpose of this review is to describe the strategies used by many researchers to reveal protein function in fungi, and more importantly, to consolidate the nomenclature of 'unknown function protein' as opposed to 'hypothetical protein' - once any protein has been identified by protein mass spectrometry. A combination of approaches including comparative proteomics, pathogen-induced protein expression and immunoproteomics are outlined, which, when used in combination with a variety of other techniques (e.g. functional genomics, microarray analysis, immunochemical and infection model systems), appear to yield comprehensive and definitive information on protein function in fungi. The relative advantages of proteomic, as opposed to transcriptomic-only, analyses are also described. In the future, combined high-throughput, quantitative proteomics, allied to transcriptomic sequencing, are set to reveal much about protein function in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Doyle
- Department of Biology and National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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Manalil NS, Junior Te'o VS, Braithwaite K, Brumbley S, Samson P, Nevalainen KMH. A proteomic view into infection of greyback canegrubs (Dermolepida albohirtum) by Metarhizium anisopliae. Curr Genet 2009; 55:571-81. [PMID: 19730866 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-009-0270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metarhizium anisopliae is a naturally occurring cosmopolitan fungus infecting greyback canegrubs (Dermolepida albohirtum). The main molecular factors involved in the complex interactions occurring between the greyback canegrubs and M. anisopliae (FI-1045) were investigated by comparing the proteomes of healthy canegrubs, canegrubs infected with Metarhizium and fungus only. Differentially expressed proteins from the infected canegrubs were subjected to mass spectrometry to search for pathogenicity related proteins. Immune-related proteins of canegrubs identified in this study include cytoskeletal proteins (actin), cell communication proteins, proteases and peptidases. Fungal proteins identified include metalloproteins, acyl-CoA, cyclin proteins and chorismate mutase. Comparative proteome analysis provided a view into the cellular reactions triggered in the canegrub in response to the fungal infection at the onset of biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupama Shoby Manalil
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Oulevey C, Widmer F, Kölliker R, Enkerli J. An optimized microsatellite marker set for detection of Metarhizium anisopliae genotype diversity on field and regional scales. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 113:1016-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Murad AM, Noronha EF, Miller RNG, Costa FT, Pereira CD, Mehta Â, Caldas RA, Franco OL. Proteomic analysis of Metarhizium anisopliae secretion in the presence of the insect pest Callosobruchus maculatus. Microbiology (Reading) 2008; 154:3766-3774. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2008/022913-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- André M. Murad
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia UCB, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Eliane F. Noronha
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia UCB, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Robert N. G. Miller
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia UCB, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Fabio T. Costa
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia UCB, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Caroline D. Pereira
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia UCB, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Ângela Mehta
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Ruy A. Caldas
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia UCB, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Octávio L. Franco
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora-MG, Brazil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia UCB, Brasília-DF, Brazil
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Mehta A, Brasileiro ACM, Souza DSL, Romano E, Campos MA, Grossi-de-Sá MF, Silva MS, Franco OL, Fragoso RR, Bevitori R, Rocha TL. Plant-pathogen interactions: what is proteomics telling us? FEBS J 2008; 275:3731-46. [PMID: 18616468 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, several studies have been performed to analyse plant-pathogen interactions. Recently, functional genomic strategies, including proteomics and transcriptomics, have contributed to the effort of defining gene and protein function and expression profiles. Using these 'omic' approaches, pathogenicity- and defence-related genes and proteins expressed during phytopathogen infections have been identified and enormous datasets have been accumulated. However, the understanding of molecular plant-pathogen interactions is still an intriguing area of investigation. Proteomics has dramatically evolved in the pursuit of large-scale functional assignment of candidate proteins and, by using this approach, several proteins expressed during phytopathogenic interactions have been identified. In this review, we highlight the proteins expressed during plant-virus, plant-bacterium, plant-fungus and plant-nematode interactions reported in proteomic studies, and discuss these findings considering the advantages and limitations of current proteomic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mehta
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brazil.
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Bonavides KB, Pelegrini PB, Laumann RA, Grossi-de-Sá MF, Bloch C, Melo JAT, Quirino BF, Noronha EF, Franco OL. Molecular identification of four different alpha-amylase inhibitors from baru (Dipteryx alata) seeds with activity toward insect enzymes. BMB Rep 2007; 40:494-500. [PMID: 17669264 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2007.40.4.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The endophytic bruchid pest Callosobruchus maculatus causes severe damage to storage cowpea seeds, leading to economical losses. For this reason the use of alpha-amylase inhibitors to interfere with the pest digestion process has been an interesting alternative to control bruchids. With this aim, alpha-amylase inhibitors from baru seeds (Dipteryx alata) were isolated by affinity chromatographic procedures, causing enhanced inhibition of C. maculatus and Anthonomus grandis alpha-amylases. To attempt further purification, this fraction was applied onto a reversed-phase HPLC column, generating four peaks with remarkable inhibition toward C. maculatus alpha-amylases. SDS-PAGE and MALDI-ToF analysis identified major proteins of approximately 5.0, 11.0, 20.0 and 55 kDa that showed alpha-amylase inhibition. Results of in vivo bioassays using artificial seeds containing 1.0% (w/w) of baru crude extract revealed 40% cowpea weevil larvae mortality. These results provide evidence that several alpha-amylase inhibitors classes, with biotechnological potential, can be isolated from a single plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna B Bonavides
- Centro de Análises Proteomicas e Bioquimicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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