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Fehrenbach LA, Adekanye AA, Palillo MB, Bidot WA, Malbrue RA, Coble DJ, Kendall GC. Internal Temperatures of Packaging for Overnight Cross-country Shipping of Zebrafish ( Danio Rerio). Comp Med 2022; 72:195-203. [PMID: 35676071 PMCID: PMC9334002 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-22-000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
As the use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a research model continues to rise, so too will the shipping and sharing of zebrafish strains across collaborating institutions. If done incorrectly, shipping can result in significant mortality, welfare concerns, and loss of valuable resources for researchers and research institutions. Here we introduce a novel method to track temperatures of zebrafish containers during shipping and show that internal packaging temperatures are directly affected by the external temperatures. We used temperature logging Thermochron iButtons to track the temperatures of 2 packages containing adult zebrafish that were shipped overnight from Dallas, TX to Columbus, OH during winter following recommended fish shipping guidelines. We found that the external packaging of both boxes of fish were exposed to temperatures that had previously been shown to be lethal to zebrafish. However, internal temperatures and, more specifically, water temperature, stayed within 24.0 to 26.5°C during shipment, resulting in 100% survival of adult zebrafish. This novel method of tracking packaging temperatures of live fish during shipping can help to inform fish health status on arrival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan A Fehrenbach
- Animal Resources Core, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,,Corresponding author.
| | - Adewole A Adekanye
- Animal Resources Core, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael B Palillo
- Department of Preventative Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Willie A Bidot
- Office of Animal Resources, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Raphael A Malbrue
- Animal Resources Core, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dondrae J Coble
- Animal Resources Core, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Genevieve C Kendall
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Brooks BW. Urbanization, environment and pharmaceuticals: advancing comparative physiology, pharmacology and toxicology. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 6:cox079. [PMID: 30364343 PMCID: PMC6194206 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cox079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are routinely reported in the environment, which indicates an increasingly urban water cycle and highlights a global megatrend. Physicochemical properties and intrinsic biological activity of medicines routinely differ from conventional organic contaminants; thus, diverging applicability domains often challenge environmental chemistry and toxicology computational tools and biological assays originally developed to address historical chemical stressors. Because pharmacology and toxicology information is more readily available for these contaminants of emerging concern than other chemicals in the environment, and many drug targets are conserved across species, leveraging mammalian drug discovery, safety testing and clinical pharmacology information appears useful to define environmental risks and to design less hazardous industrial chemicals. Research is needed to advance biological read across, which promises to reduce uncertainties during chemical assessment aimed at protecting public health and the environment. Whereas such comparative information has been critical to advance an understanding of pharmaceutical hazards and risks in urban ecosystems, studies of medicines with fish and other ecotoxicological models are reciprocally benefiting basic and translational efforts, advancing comparative mechanistic toxicology, and providing robust comparative bridges for integrating conservation and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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Li C, Fu L, Stafford J, Belosevic M, Gamal El-Din M. The toxicity of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW): A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:1785-1802. [PMID: 28618666 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Large volumes of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) are produced by the surface-mining oil sands industry in Alberta. Both laboratory and field studies have demonstrated that the exposure to OSPW leads to many physiological changes in a variety of organisms. Adverse effects include compromised immunological function, developmental delays, impaired reproduction, disrupted endocrine system, and higher prevalence of tissue-specific pathological manifestations. The composition of OSPW varies with several factors such as ore sources, mining process, and tailings management practices. Differences in water characteristics have confounded interpretation or comparison of OSPW toxicity across studies. Research on individual fractions extracted from OSPW has helped identify some target pollutants. Naphthenic acids (NAs) are considered as the major toxic components in OSPW, exhibiting toxic effects through multiple modes of action including narcosis and endocrine disruption. Other pollutants, like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals, and ions may also contribute to the overall OSPW toxicity. Studies have been conducted on OSPW as a whole complex effluent mixture, with consideration of the presence of unidentified components, and the interactions (potential synergistic or antagonistic reactions) among chemicals. This review summarizes the toxicological data derived from in vitro and in vivo exposure studies using different OSPW types, and different taxa of organisms. In general, toxicity of OSPW was found to be dependent on the OSPW type and concentration, duration of exposures (acute versus sub chronic), and organism studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G1H9, Canada
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2E9, Canada
| | - James Stafford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2E9, Canada
| | - Miodrag Belosevic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2E9, Canada.
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G1H9, Canada.
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Development of a promising fish model (Oryzias melastigma) for assessing multiple responses to stresses in the marine environment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:563131. [PMID: 24724087 PMCID: PMC3958766 DOI: 10.1155/2014/563131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing number of contaminants in the marine environment, various experimental organisms have been “taken into labs” by investigators to find the most suitable environmentally relevant models for toxicity testing. The marine medaka, Oryzias melastigma, has a number of advantages that make it a prime candidate for these tests. Recently, many studies have been conducted on marine medaka, especially in terms of their physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses after exposure to contaminants and other environmental stressors. This review provides a literature survey highlighting the steady increase of ecotoxicological research on marine medaka, summarizes the advantages of using O. melastigma as a tool for toxicological research, and promotes the utilization of this organism in future studies.
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Van Wettere AJ, Law JM, Hinton DE, Kullman SW. Anchoring hepatic gene expression with development of fibrosis and neoplasia in a toxicant-induced fish model of liver injury. Toxicol Pathol 2012. [PMID: 23197195 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312464308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fish have been used as laboratory models to study hepatic development and carcinogenesis but not for pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. In this study, a dimethylnitrosamine-induced fish model of hepatic injury was developed in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and gene expression was anchored with the development of hepatic fibrosis and neoplasia. Exposed livers exhibited mild hepatocellular degenerative changes 2 weeks' postexposure. Within 6 weeks, hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis was evident with development of neoplasia by 10 weeks. Stellate cell activation and development of fibrosis was associated with upregulation of transforming growth factor beta 1 (tgfb1), tgfb receptor 2, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (smad3a), smad3b, beta-catenin (ctnnb1), myc, matrix metalloproteinase (mmp2), mmp14a, mmp14b, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (timp) 2a, timp2b, timp3, collagen type I alpha 1a (col1a1a), and col1a1b and a less pronounced increase in mmp13 and col4a1 expression. Tgfb receptor I expression was unchanged. Immunohistochemistry suggested that biliary epithelial cells and stellate cells were the main producers of TGF-β1. This study identified a group of candidate genes likely to be involved in the development of hepatic fibrosis and demonstrated that the TGF-β pathway likely plays a major role in the pathogenesis. These results support the medaka as a viable fish model of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud J Van Wettere
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA.
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Cheung NKM, Hinton DE, Au DWT. A high-throughput histoarray for quantitative molecular profiling of multiple, uniformly oriented medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 155:18-25. [PMID: 21664293 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Embryos of aquatic animal model fish have proven to be useful organisms for developmental biology and for early life stage toxicity tests. By virtue of their transparent chorions, imaging of normal and abnormal development can be detected and related to exposure or to alterations due to environmental factors. However, the detection of changes at sub-individual levels of organization is hampered by time required to detect important events within cells and tissues of affected organisms. We describe herein development of a highly cost effective embryo chip enabling stringent inter-individual comparisons and multiplex detection in embryos and eleutheroembryos. As a proof of principle we examine cell proliferation and controlled cell death in normoxic and hypoxic conditions and relate these to tissue turnover in individual organisms. Coupled with a recently developed whole adult animal platform, we can now move beyond the common approach focusing on single target organ to the detection and characterization of systemic phenomena (syndromes) affecting the organism. Taken together, we can now determine adult consequences of early life stage exposure and assess ability of exposed individuals to respond to stresses superimposed along the axis of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napo K M Cheung
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution and Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Howarth DL, Law SHW, Law JM, Mondon JA, Kullman SW, Hinton DE. Exposure to the synthetic FXR agonist GW4064 causes alterations in gene expression and sublethal hepatotoxicity in eleutheroembryo medaka (Oryzias latipes). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 243:111-21. [PMID: 19963001 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The small freshwater teleost, medaka (Oryzias latipes), has a history of usage in studies of chronic toxicity of liver and biliary system. Recent progress with this model has focused on defining the medaka hepatobiliary system. Here we investigate critical liver function and toxicity by examining the in vivo role and function of the farnesoid X receptor alpha (FXRalpha, NR1H4), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that plays an essential role in the regulation of bile acid homeostasis. Quantitative mRNA analysis of medaka FXRalpha demonstrates differential expression of two FXRalpha isoforms designated Fxralpha1 and Fxralpha2, in both free swimming medaka embryos with remaining yolk (eleutheroembryos, EEs) and adults. Activation of medaka Fxralpha in vivo with GW4064 (a strong FXRalpha agonist) resulted in modification of gene expression for defined FXRalpha gene targets including the bile salt export protein, small heterodimer partner, and cytochrome P450 7A1. Histological examination of medaka liver subsequent to GW4064 exposure demonstrated significant lipid accumulation, cellular and organelle alterations in both hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells of the liver. This report of hepatobiliary injury following GW4064 exposure extends previous investigations of the intrahepatic biliary system in medaka, reveals sensitivity to toxicant exposure, and illustrates the need for added resolution in detection and interpretation of toxic responses in this vertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L Howarth
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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