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Abdel-Latif HMR, Soliman AA, Gewaily MS, Amer AA, Shukry M, Khalil RH, Shehata AI. Dietary effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Allium sativum on growth, antioxidant status, hepatic and intestinal histoarchitecture, expression of growth- and immune-related genes, and resistance of Oreochromis niloticus to Aeromonas sobria. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109493. [PMID: 38461877 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the benefits of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and/or garlic, Allium sativum supplementation in diets of Nile tilapia with regard to growth, antioxidant status, hepatic and intestinal histoarchitecture, expression of growth- and immune-related genes, and resistance to Aeromonas sobria infection. Fish (with an initial weight of 9.43 ± 0.08 g) were allocated to twelve hapas, organized into four triplicate treatment groups defined as control (no supplementation), yeast (4 g/kg diet), garlic (30 g/kg diet), and a mixture of both. This trial continued over a 60-day feeding period. Results revealed that combined treatment (yeast + garlic) demonstrated the most promising outcomes regarding growth, with significantly higher final body weights, weight gains, and specific growth rates compared to other groups. Moreover, this combination enhanced hepatic antioxidant status, as evidenced by elevated levels of reduced glutathione and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes, reflecting improved defense against oxidative stress. Histological assessments of the livers and intestines demonstrated structural enhancements in yeast and garlic treatments, suggesting improvements in organ health. In comparison to the control, the gene expression analyses unveiled increased expression of growth-related (igf-1 and ghr1) and immune-related (il-10, lyz, and hep) genes in the test groups, indicating a possible reinforcement of the growth and immune responses. The combined treatment also showed the highest resistance to A. sobria infection, as evidenced by improved survival rates and lower mortality compared with the other groups. These findings highlight the benefits of a combination of both yeast and garlic as a dietary supplementation regimen. In conclusion, this study suggests that the combined treatment regimen could be considered an effective strategy to promote the health and productivity of Nile tilapia under production conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt.
| | - Ali A Soliman
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Asem A Amer
- Department of Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agricultural Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, 44662, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Riad H Khalil
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt
| | - Akram Ismael Shehata
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt.
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Palaniyappan S, Sridhar A, Kari ZA, Téllez-Isaías G, Ramasamy T. Potentials of Aloe barbadensis inclusion in fish feeds on resilience to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in freshwater fish Labeo rohita. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:1435-1459. [PMID: 37996691 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic bacterial pathogens can cause severe economic loss in aquaculture industry. An opportunistic pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila is responsible for Motile Aeromonas Septicemia, leading to high mortality rates in fish. The present study was focused on the efficacy of Aloe barbadensis replacing fishmeal diets on hematological, serum biochemical, antioxidant, histopathological parameters, and disease resistance against A. hydrophila infection in Labeo rohita. Isonitrogenous fishmeal replaced diets (FMR) were prepared with varying levels of A. barbadensis at D1 (0%) (control), D2 (25%), D3 (50%), D4 (75%) and D5 (100%) then fed to L. rohita. After 60 days of post-feeding, the experimental fish were challenged with A. hydrophila. Blood and organs were collected and examined at 1- and 15-days post infection (dpi). The results demonstrated that on 1 dpi, white blood cells (WBC), total protein, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were significantly increased in D3 diet fed groups. The D2 and D3 diet fed group showed decreasing trends of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and antioxidant enzymes activity on 15 dpi. The histopathological architecture results clearly illustrated that the D3 diet fed group had given a higher protective effect by reducing the pathological changes associated with A. hydrophila infection in liver, intestine and muscle. Higher percentage of survival rate was also observed in D3 diet fed group. Therefore, the present study suggested that the dietary administration of A. barbadensis up to 50% fishmeal replacement (D3 diet) can elicit earlier antioxidant activity, innate immune response and improve survival rate in L. rohita against A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivagaami Palaniyappan
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arun Sridhar
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Malaysia
| | | | - Thirumurugan Ramasamy
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Luo Q, Qian R, Qiu Z, Yamamoto FY, Du Y, Lin X, Zhao J, Xu Q. Dietary α-ketoglutarate alleviates glycinin and β-conglycinin induced damage in the intestine of mirror carp ( Cyprinus carpio). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1140012. [PMID: 37187750 PMCID: PMC10179059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the glycinin and β-conglycinin induced intestinal damage and α-ketoglutarate alleviating the damage of glycinin and β-conglycinin in intestine. Carp were randomly divided into six dietary groups: containing fish meal (FM) as the protein source, soybean meal (SM), glycinin (FMG), β-conglycinin (FMc), glycinin+1.0% α-ketoglutarate (AKG) (FMGA), β-conglycinin+1.0% AKG (FMcA). The intestines were collected on 7th, and the hepatopancreas and intestines were collected on 56th. Fish treated with SM and FMc displayed reduced weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency. On 56th day, Fish fed on SM, FMG and FMc presented lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. FMGA and FMcA had higher SOD activity than those fed on the FMG and FMc, respectively. In intestine, fish fed on the SM diets collected on 7th presented upregulated the expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ1), AMP-activated protein kinase beta (AMPKβ), AMPKγ, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Fish fed FMG presented upregulated expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), caspase9, and AMPKγ, while downregulated the expression of claudin7 and AMPKα. FMc group presented upregulated expression of TGFβ1, caspase3, caspase8, and ACC. Fish fed FMGA showed upregulated expression of TGFβ1, claudin3c, claudin7, while downregulating the expression of TNF-α and AMPKγ when compared to fish fed FMG diet. FMcA upregulated the expression of TGFβ1, claudin3c than fed on the FMc. In intestine, the villus height and mucosal thickness of the proximal intestine (PI) and the distal intestine (DI) were decreased and crypt depth of the PI and mid intestine (MI) were increased in SM, FMG and FMc. In addition, fish fed on SM, FMG and FMc presented lower citrate synthase (CS), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (α-KGDHC) Na+/K+-ATPase activity in DI. FMGA had higher CS, ICD, α-KGDHC, and Na+/K+-ATPase activity in PI and MI than those fed on the FMG. FMcA had higher Na+/K+-ATPase activity in MI. In conclusion, dietary soybean meal destroys the intestine's health, the adverse effects are related to the presence of β-conglycinin and glycinin, especially glycinin. AKG may regulate intestinal energy via tricarboxylic acid cycle, thereby alleviating the damage intestinal morphology caused by the dietary soybean antigen proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohua Luo
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Rendong Qian
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Zongsheng Qiu
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Fernando Y. Yamamoto
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Yingying Du
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Lin
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Qiyou Xu
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiyou Xu,
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Fang H, Zhuang Z, Huang L, Zhao W, Niu J. Dietary Klebsormidium sp. Supplementation Improves Growth Performance, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Status, Metabolism, and Mid-Intestine Morphology of Litopenaeus Vannamei. Front Nutr 2022; 9:857351. [PMID: 35634387 PMCID: PMC9136981 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.857351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous microalga Klebsormidium sp. has huge potential to become a natural and healthy additive in aquatic feed since it contains various bioactive nutrients, such as linoleic acid (LA), carotenoids, and chlorophylls. Therefore, an eight-week feeding experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary Klebsormidium sp. on the growth performance, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status, metabolism, and mid-intestine morphology of Litopenaeus vannamei. Two isonitrogenous and isolipid diets supplemented with and without 5% Klebsormidium sp. were prepared. Results showed that L. vannamei fed with Klebsormidium sp. had better growth performance and feed utilization by optimizing mid-intestine morphology and improving the carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, Klebsormidium sp. also enhanced the antioxidant capacity of L. vannamei by downregulating antioxidant parameters (hepatopancreas T-SOD, hepatopancreas GSH-PX, hemolymph T-SOD, hemolymph MDA) and RNA expression levels of antioxidant genes (gsh-px and cat). Furthermore, the supplementations of dietary Klebsormidium sp. significantly improved hepatopancreas health by downregulating RNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory related genes (relish and rho). Therefore, a dose of 5% Klebsormidium sp. is recommended for the daily diet of L. vannamei to improve the growth performance, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status, metabolism, and mid-intestine morphology of shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaoHang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - ZhenXiao Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - LuoDong Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Zhao
| | - Jin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Jin Niu
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5
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Dietary supplementation with Weissella cibaria C-10 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens T-5 enhance immunity against Aeromonas veronii infection in crucian carp (Carassiu auratus). Microb Pathog 2022; 167:105559. [PMID: 35568093 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to discover novel lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus strains from fish as potential probiotics to replace antibiotics in aquaculture, the present study was conducted to isolate lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus from intestinal tract of healthy crucian carp (Carassiu auratus) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and evaluate their resistance against Aeromonas veronii. Based on the evaluation of antibacterial activity and tolerance test, one strain of lactic acid bacteria (Weissella cibaria C-10) and one strain of Bacillus (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens T-5) with strong environmental stability were screened out. The safety evaluation showed that these two strains were non-toxic to crucian carp and were sensitive to most antibiotics. In vivo study, the crucian carps were fed a basal diet supplemented with W. cibaria C-10 (C-10), B. amyloliquefaciens T-5 (T-5) and W. cibaria C-10 + B. amyloliquefaciens T-5 (C-10+T-5), respectively, for 5 weeks. Then, various immune parameters were measured at 35 days of post-feeding. Results showed both probiotics could improve the activities of related immune enzymes, immune factors and non-specific immune antibodies in blood and organs (gill, gut, kidney, liver, and spleen) of crucian carp in varying degrees. Moreover, after 7 days of challenge experiment, the survival rates after challenged with A. veronii of W. cibaria C-10 (C-10), B. amyloliquefaciens T-5 (T-5) and W. cibaria C-10 + B. amyloliquefaciens T-5 (C-10+T-5) supplemented groups to the crucian carps were 20%, 33% and 22%, respectively. Overall, W. cibaria C-10 and B. amyloliquefaciens T-5 could be considered to be developed into microecological preparations for the alternatives of antibiotics in aquaculture.
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Choi W, Moniruzzaman M, Bae J, Hamidoghli A, Lee S, Choi YH, Min T, Bai SC. Evaluation of Dietary Probiotic Bacteria and Processed Yeast (GroPro-Aqua) as the Alternative of Antibiotics in Juvenile Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020129. [PMID: 35203732 PMCID: PMC8868502 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the three probiotic bacteria and a processed yeast (GroPro-Aqua) as the replacers of antibiotics in juvenile olive flounder. A total of seven diets were used, that is, one basal or control (CON) diet; and six other diets, of which, three diets were prepared by supplementing probiotic bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis WB60 (BSWB60) at 1 × 108 CFU/g diet, Bacillus subtilis SJ10 (BSSJ10) at 1 × 108 CFU/g diet, and Enterococcus faecium SH30 (EFSH30) at 1 × 107 CFU/g diet; one diet with processed yeast (GRO) at 0.35% diet; and two other diets were supplemented with oxytetracycline (OTC) and amoxicillin (AMO) at 4 g/kg of each. Triplicate groups of fish (average 12.1 g) were fed one of the diets for eight weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the fish that were fed the probiotic bacteria-supplemented diets had a significantly higher final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate compared to the CON, OTC, and AMO diets. Fish that were fed the GRO diet had significantly higher feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratios than those of the fish that were fed the CON diet. Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glucose, and total protein were not affected by the diets. Lysozyme activity in fish that were fed the BSSJ10, BSWB60, and EFSH30 diets were significantly higher compared to the CON and OTC diets, whereas myeloperoxidase activity of fish fed the BSWB60 and EFSH30 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed the CON and AMO diets. Flounder growth hormone gene expressions of fish that were fed BSWB60 and GRO diets were significantly higher compared to the CON, OTC, and AMO diets. The interleukin-1β gene expression of fish that were fed the BSSJ10, BSWB60, EFSH30, OTC, and GRO diets was significantly higher than those of fish fed the CON diet. The interleukin-10 gene expression of fish that were fed the BSSJ10, EFSH30, and GRO diets was significantly higher than those of fish fed the CON and AMO diets. Posterior intestinal histology of fish showed significantly higher villi length in fish that were fed the BSSJ10, BSWB60, EFSH30, and GRO diets compared to the CON diet. After 15 days of challenge test with pathogenic bacteria Edwardsiella tarda, the cumulative survival rate of fish that were fed the BSSJ10, BSWB60, EFSH30, and GRO diets were significantly higher than those of fish that were fed the CON diet. Overall, the results indicate that dietary supplementation of B. subtilis (108 CFU/g diet), E. faecium (107 CFU/g diet), and processed yeast (GroPro-Aqua at 0.35% diet) could replace the antibiotics in terms of improving growth, immunity, gut health, and disease resistance in juvenile olive flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonsuk Choi
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea; (W.C.); (J.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) & Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Jinho Bae
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea; (W.C.); (J.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Ali Hamidoghli
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea; (W.C.); (J.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Seunghan Lee
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Korea;
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Department of Marine Bio-Materials & Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Taesun Min
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) & Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (S.C.B.); Tel.: +82-64-754-8347 (T.M.); +82-51-629-6873/7044 (S.C.B.)
| | - Sungchul C. Bai
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea; (W.C.); (J.B.); (A.H.)
- FAO World Fisheries University Pilot Program, Busan 48547, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (S.C.B.); Tel.: +82-64-754-8347 (T.M.); +82-51-629-6873/7044 (S.C.B.)
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Probiotics in Fish Nutrition—Long-Standing Household Remedy or Native Nutraceuticals? WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, aquaculture production increased rapidly. The future development of the industry highly relies on the sustainable utilization of natural resources. The need for improving disease resistance, growth performance, food conversion, and product safety for human consumption has stimulated the application of probiotics in aquaculture. Probiotics increase growth and feed conversion, improve health status, raise disease resistance, decrease stress susceptibility, and improve general vigor. Currently, most probiotics still originate from terrestrial sources rather than fish. However, host-associated (autochthonous) probiotics are likely more persistent in the gastrointestinal tract of fish and may, therefore, exhibit longer-lasting effects on the host. Probiotic candidates are commonly screened in in vitro assays, but the transfer to in vivo assessment is often problematic. In conclusion, modulation of the host-associated microbiome by the use of complex probiotics is promising, but a solid understanding of the interactions involved is only in its infancy and requires further research. Probiotics could be used to explore novel ingredients such as chitin-rich insect meal, which cannot be digested by the fish host alone. Most importantly, probiotics offer the opportunity to improve stress and disease resistance, which is among the most pressing problems in aquaculture.
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Ghodrati M, Rajabi Islami H, Hosseini Shekarabi SP, Shenavar Masouleh A, Shamsaie Mehrgan M. Combined effects of enzymes and probiotics on hemato-biochemical parameters and immunological responses of juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 112:116-124. [PMID: 33713825 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A 10-week feeding trial was run to investigate the separate and simultaneous effects of exogenous enzymes (Enz), probiotics (Pro), and Pro-Enz mixtures on the hematology indices, serum biochemical parameters, and innate-immunity status of juvenile Siberian sturgeon. The fish (138.06 ± 3.64 g) were randomly dispersed into 12 tanks (20 individuals per tank) and fed with Enz (Phytase, protease, and xylanase), Pro (Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactococcus lactis), and Pro-Enz cocktail. At the end of the feeding bioassay, the highest values of red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit level, and lymphocyte percentage followed by the lowest neutrophil percentage were obtained in Pro-Enz treatment (P < 0.05). Despite a significantly lower level of alkaline phosphatase in the fish fed with Pro supplemented diet (P < 0.05), no significant difference was found in the serum level of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase among the experimental groups (P > 0.05). Total protein content was significantly upregulated in serum and skin mucus samples from those fed with supplemented diets compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In both serum and skin mucus samples, higher immune responses in terms of lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin M, total protein was seen in Pro-Enz treatment compared to the control group followed by the serum complement components (P < 0.05). The results indicate that the combinational supplementation of Siberian sturgeon diet with the exogenous enzymes and probiotics modulates the physiometabolic responses and innate immune system to a higher grade than their individual supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ghodrati
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Houman Rajabi Islami
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Alireza Shenavar Masouleh
- Department of Fish Health and Diseases, International Sturgeon Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang Q, Song X, Sun W, Wang C, Li C, He L, Wang X, Tao H, Zeng X. Evaluation and Application of Different Cholesterol-Lowering Lactic Acid Bacteria as Potential Meat Starters. J Food Prot 2021; 84:63-72. [PMID: 32818231 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A total of 115 isolates of lactic acid bacteria were screened from traditional fermented foods in Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China. The cholesterol removal rates of 86 isolates ranged from 7.29 to 25.66%, and 18 isolates showed a cholesterol removal rate of more than 15%. According to the results of physiological and biological tests, 13 isolates were selected to determine the fermentation performance; 9 isolates-MT-4, MT-2, PJ-15, SR2-2, SQ-4, SQ-7, ST2-2, ST2-6, and NR1-7-had high tolerance of bile salt and acid and had a survival rate of more than 96% under pH 3.0 and 0.3% bile salt. ST2-2, SR2-2, NR1-7, SQ-4, and MT-4 had high survival rate in different concentrations of NaCl and NaNO2 under different temperatures. According to BLAST comparison results of the 16S rRNA sequence in the GenBank database and the genetic distance of the 16S rRNA sequence with an ortho-connected algorithm, SR2-2, NR1-7, and ST2-2 were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, MT-4 was identified as Lactobacillus pentosus, and SQ-4 was identified as Lactobacillus paraplantarum. Moreover, strains SQ-4 and MT-4 were added to fermented beef. Results showed that the fermented beef had delicious taste and was popular to consumers because of its proper pH, pleasant colors, high viable cell count, and suitable content of bound and immobilized water. These results provide a basis for the development of new starter formulation for the production of high-quality fermented meat products. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store & Processing of Guizhou Province (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0872 [L.H.]), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.,College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Song
- School of Food Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store & Processing of Guizhou Province (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0872 [L.H.]), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.,College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store & Processing of Guizhou Province (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0872 [L.H.]), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.,College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiqin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Laping He
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store & Processing of Guizhou Province (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0872 [L.H.]), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.,College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store & Processing of Guizhou Province (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0872 [L.H.]), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.,College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Tao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store & Processing of Guizhou Province (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0872 [L.H.]), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.,College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store & Processing of Guizhou Province (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3523-0872 [L.H.]), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China.,College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
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