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Wang ZY, Ge LP, Ouyang Y, Jin X, Jiang YZ. Targeting transposable elements in cancer: developments and opportunities. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189143. [PMID: 38936517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs), comprising nearly 50% of the human genome, have transitioned from being perceived as "genomic junk" to key players in cancer progression. Contemporary research links TE regulatory disruptions with cancer development, underscoring their therapeutic potential. Advances in long-read sequencing, computational analytics, single-cell sequencing, proteomics, and CRISPR-Cas9 technologies have enriched our understanding of TEs' clinical implications, notably their impact on genome architecture, gene regulation, and evolutionary processes. In cancer, TEs, including long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1), Alus, and long terminal repeat (LTR) elements, demonstrate altered patterns, influencing both tumorigenic and tumor-suppressive mechanisms. TE-derived nucleic acids and tumor antigens play critical roles in tumor immunity, bridging innate and adaptive responses. Given their central role in oncology, TE-targeted therapies, particularly through reverse transcriptase inhibitors and epigenetic modulators, represent a novel avenue in cancer treatment. Combining these TE-focused strategies with existing chemotherapy or immunotherapy regimens could enhance efficacy and offer a new dimension in cancer treatment. This review delves into recent TE detection advancements, explores their multifaceted roles in tumorigenesis and immune regulation, discusses emerging diagnostic and therapeutic approaches centered on TEs, and anticipates future directions in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li-Ping Ge
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Ouyang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Vylegzhanina AV, Bespalov IA, Novototskaya-Vlasova KA, Hall BM, Gleiberman AS, Yu H, Leontieva OV, Leonova KI, Kurnasov OV, Osterman AL, Dy GK, Komissarov AA, Vasilieva E, Gehlhausen J, Iwasaki A, Ambrosone CB, Tsuji T, Matsuzaki J, Odunsi K, Andrianova EL, Gudkov AV. Cancer Relevance of Circulating Antibodies Against LINE-1 Antigens in Humans. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:2256-2267. [PMID: 37870410 PMCID: PMC10631453 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1 or L1), the most abundant family of autonomous retrotransposons occupying over 17% of human DNA, is epigenetically silenced in normal tissues by the mechanisms involving p53 but is frequently derepressed in cancer, suggesting that L1-encoded proteins may act as tumor-associated antigens recognized by the immune system. In this study, we established an immunoassay to detect circulating autoantibodies against L1 proteins in human blood. Using this assay in >2,800 individuals with or without cancer, we observed significantly higher IgG titers against L1-encoded ORF1p and ORF2p in patients with lung, pancreatic, ovarian, esophageal, and liver cancers than in healthy individuals. Remarkably, elevated levels of anti-ORF1p-reactive IgG were observed in patients with cancer with disease stages 1 and 2, indicating that the immune response to L1 antigens can occur in the early phases of carcinogenesis. We concluded that the antibody response against L1 antigens could contribute to the diagnosis and determination of immunoreactivity of tumors among cancer types that frequently escape early detection. SIGNIFICANCE The discovery of autoantibodies against antigens encoded by L1 retrotransposons in patients with five poorly curable cancer types has potential implications for the detection of an ongoing carcinogenic process and tumor immunoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Han Yu
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | | | | | - Oleg V. Kurnasov
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Andrei L. Osterman
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Grace K. Dy
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Alexey A. Komissarov
- I.V. Davydovsky Clinical City Hospital, Moscow, Russia
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- I.V. Davydovsky Clinical City Hospital, Moscow, Russia
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | | | - Takemasa Tsuji
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Andrei V. Gudkov
- Genome Protection, Inc., Buffalo, New York
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
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Fu J, Qin T, Li C, Zhu J, Ding Y, Zhou M, Yang Q, Liu X, Zhou J, Chen F. Research progress of LINE-1 in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of gynecologic tumors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1201568. [PMID: 37546391 PMCID: PMC10399582 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1201568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The retrotransposon known as long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1), which is currently the sole autonomously mobile transposon in the human genome, can result in insertional mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, and genomic instability. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that LINE-1 is involved in the development of various diseases and also plays an important role in the immune regulation of the organism. The expression of LINE-1 in gynecologic tumors suggests that it is expected to be an independent indicator for early diagnosis and prognosis, and also, as a therapeutic target, LINE-1 is closely associated with gynecologic tumor prognosis. This article discusses the function of LINE-1 in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of ovarian, cervical, and endometrial malignancies, as well as other gynecologic malignancies. It offers fresh perspectives on the early detection of tumors and the creation of novel anti-tumor medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Fu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tiansheng Qin
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chaoming Li
- The First People’s Hospital of Longnan, Longnan City Hospital, Longnan, Gansu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yaoyao Ding
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Meiying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qing Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Juanhong Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fan Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Zhang X, Zhang R, Yu J. New Understanding of the Relevant Role of LINE-1 Retrotransposition in Human Disease and Immune Modulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:657. [PMID: 32850797 PMCID: PMC7426637 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) retrotransposition is a major hallmark of cancer accompanied by global chromosomal instability, genomic instability, and genetic heterogeneity and has become one indicator for the occurrence, development, and poor prognosis of many diseases. LINE-1 also modulates the immune system and affects the immune microenvironment in a variety of ways. Aberrant expression of LINE-1 retrotransposon can provide strong stimuli for an innate immune response, activate the immune system, and induce autoimmunity and inflammation. Therefore, inhibition the activity of LINE-1 has become a potential treatment strategy for various diseases. In this review, we discussed the components and regulatory mechanisms involved with LINE-1, its correlations with disease and immunity, and multiple inhibitors of LINE-1, providing a new understanding of LINE-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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Sharp CN, Korte EA, Hosseinejad K, Pitman J, Lavasanifar A, Eichenberger DJ, Sephton S, Cash E, Jortani SA. ELISA-based detection of Open Reading Frame protein 1 in patients at risk of developing lung cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 507:1-6. [PMID: 32275987 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of lung cancer significantly improves survival outcomes. Thus, lung cancer screening for high-risk individuals using low-dose CT scan (LDCT) is recommended. LDCT has several limitations, and often requires invasive follow up. Previously, we have developed an ELISA for measurement of Open Reading Frame 1 protein (ORF1p) in serum. We assessed whether ORF1p can be used as a risk assessment biomarker for patients at high risk for developing lung cancer. PATIENTS Patients with risk factors for lung cancer were enrolled in our study with consent under IRB approval. A total of 122 patients were included. The lung cancer cohort consisted of 38 patients with varying stages of cancer undergoing treatment. METHODS ORF1p quantification was performed using our ELISA assay on serum samples. RESULTS ORF1p was significantly increased in the serum of patients with identified lung nodules compared to those without nodules (P = 0.0007). ORF1p was also significantly increased in patients who were recommended for follow up (P = 0.0004). When comparing the at-risk cohort to patients with lung cancer, there was not a significant difference in ORF1p levels. CONCLUSION ORF1p can be used to identify patients at high risk of developing lung cancer and may provide an effective, non-invasive risk assessment marker to complement LDCT screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cierra N Sharp
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, 511 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Erik A Korte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, 511 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Keivan Hosseinejad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, 511 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Jennifer Pitman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, 511 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Afsaneh Lavasanifar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | | | - Sandra Sephton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, 322A Life Sciences Building, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 401 E Chestnut St # 170, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Saeed A Jortani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, 511 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
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Long interspersed nuclear element-1 mobilization as a target in cancer diagnostics, prognostics and therapeutics. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 493:52-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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