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Cash E, Albert C, Palmer I, Polzin B, Kabithe A, Crawford D, Bumpous JM, Sephton SE. Depressive Symptoms, Systemic Inflammation, and Survival Among Patients With Head and Neck Cancer. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024:2816490. [PMID: 38546616 PMCID: PMC10979366 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2024.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Importance Patients with head and neck cancer experience high rates of depression. Depression and systemic inflammation have been found to be associated in numerous cancer types, often independently from disease status. Depression-related inflammation may elevate the risks for poor tumor response to treatment and early mortality, and comprises a mechanism by which depression is associated with survival in head and neck cancer. Objective To assess mediation pathways incorporating pretreatment depressive symptoms, pretreatment inflammation, and tumor response posttreatment on overall survival among patients with head and neck cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a prospective observational cohort study of patients with head and neck cancer treated in a single multidisciplinary head and neck cancer clinic from May 10, 2013, to December 30, 2019, and followed up for 2 years. Data analysis was performed from June 29, 2022, to June 23, 2023. Exposures Patient-reported depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 item (PHQ-9) at treatment planning; pretreatment hematology workup for systemic inflammation index (SII) score; and clinical data review for tumor response (complete vs incomplete) and overall survival. Main Outcomes Two-year overall survival. Results The total study cohort included 394 patients (mean [SD] age, 62.5 [11.5] years; 277 [70.3%] males) with head and neck cancer. Among 285 patients (72.3%) who scored below the clinical cutoff for depression on the PHQ-9, depressive symptoms were significantly associated with inflammation (partial r, 0.168; 95% CI, 0.007-0.038). In addition, both depression and inflammation were associated with early mortality (PHQ-9: hazard ratio [HR], 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.07; SII: HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.08-1.71). The depression-survival association was fully mediated by inflammation (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.00-1.64). Depressive symptoms were also associated with poorer tumor response (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08), and the depression-survival association was partially mediated by tumor response (HR, 9.44; 95% CI, 6.23-14.32). Systemic inflammation was not associated with tumor response. Conclusions In this cohort study, systemic inflammation emerged as a novel candidate mechanism of the association of depression with mortality. Tumor response partially mediated effects of depression on mortality, replicating prior work. Thus, depression stands out as a highly feasible target for renewed clinical attention. Even mild symptoms of depression during the treatment-planning phase may be associated with higher systemic inflammation in addition to poorer tumor response to treatment and survival outcomes; therefore, depression should be clinically addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
- University of Louisville Healthcare−Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Christy Albert
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Iona Palmer
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Baylee Polzin
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Alyssa Kabithe
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Devaughn Crawford
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jeffrey M. Bumpous
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
- University of Louisville Healthcare−Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Sandra E. Sephton
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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Siwik CJ, Cash E, Sephton SE. Depressive symptoms and shorter survival in lung cancer: the role of leukocyte telomere length. Psychol Health 2023; 38:1649-1664. [PMID: 35240880 PMCID: PMC9440155 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2040500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between depressive symptoms, leukocyte telomere length-a marker of cellular ageing, and survival amongst lung cancer patients. DESIGN Patients with non-small cell lung cancer were recruited from a university-affiliated cancer center clinic. MAIN OUTCOME Patients (N = 67) reported on depressive symptoms and provided a blood sample for leukocyte telomere length assessment at baseline and at a 3-month follow-up. Survival status was tracked over 3 years. RESULTS Age at diagnosis and depressive symptoms, as measured by the CES-D, were associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length (p < .05), although only age at diagnosis contributed statistical significance to the model. Depressive symptoms predicted shorter survival from date of diagnosis (p < .01). Patients who reported experiencing clinically meaningful levels of depressive symptoms (CES-D scores ≥ 16) demonstrated shorter survival than those who reported sub-clinical levels of depressive symptoms (p < .05). Leukocyte telomere length did not emerge as a predictor of shorter survival. CONCLUSION Clinically meaningful levels of depressive symptoms are associated with shorter survival amongst lung cancer patients. These findings support the on-going efforts to screen all cancer patients for low mood and to investigate mechanisms linking depressive symptoms and shorter survival in cancer contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea J. Siwik
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- UofL Health - James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Sandra E. Sephton
- UofL Health - James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
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Cash E, Deitz K, Potts KL, Nabeta HW, Zahin M, Rai SN, Dryden GW, Palmer KE. Development and validation of a product acceptability questionnaire for intranasal Q-Griffithsin COVID-19 prophylaxis (SPRAY PAL). BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073735. [PMID: 37699630 PMCID: PMC10503384 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patient experiences are critical when determining the acceptability of novel interventional pharmaceuticals. Here, we report the development and validation of a product acceptability questionnaire (SPRAY PAL) assessing feasibility, acceptability and tolerability of an intranasal Q-Griffithsin (Q-GRFT) drug product designed for COVID-19 prophylaxis. DESIGN SPRAY PAL validation was undertaken as part of an ongoing phase 1 clinical trial designed to test the safety, pharmacokinetics and tolerability of intranasally administered Q-GRFT for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. SETTING The phase 1 clinical trial took place at a University Outpatient Clinical Trials Unit from November 2021 to September 2023. PARTICIPANTS The initial SPRAY PAL questionnaire was piloted among healthy volunteers ages 25 to 55 in phase 1a of the clinical trial (N=18) and revised for administration in phase 1b for participants ages 24-59 (N=22). RESULTS Spearman correlations tested convergent and discriminant validity. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients of responses collected from three repeated questionnaire administrations. The initial version demonstrated excellent internal consistency. The revised version demonstrated very good internal consistency after removal of one item (alpha=0.739). Excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass coefficient=0.927) and adequate convergent (r's=0.208-0.774) and discriminant (r's=0.123-0.392) validity were achieved. Subscales adequately distinguished between the constructs of acceptability, feasibility and tolerability. CONCLUSIONS The SPRAY PAL product acceptability questionnaire is a valid and reliable patient-reported outcomes measure that can be considered a credible tool for assessing patient-reported information about product acceptability, feasibility of use, tolerability of product and side effects and cost of product for novel intranasal drug formulations. The SPRAY PAL is generalisable, and items may be readily adapted to assess other intranasal formulations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS NCT05122260 and NCT05437029.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- UofL Healthcare-Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kailyn Deitz
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kevin L Potts
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Henry W Nabeta
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Maryam Zahin
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shesh N Rai
- College of Medicine Cancer Data Science Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gerald W Dryden
- Digestive and Liver Health, University of Louisville Physicians Outpatient Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kenneth E Palmer
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Gouldthorpe C, Ancoli-Israel S, Cash E, Innominato P, Jakobsen G, Lévi F, Miaskowski C, Parganiha A, Pati AK, Pereira D, Revell V, Zeitzer JM, Davies A. International e-Delphi Consensus Recommendations for the Assessment and Diagnosis of Circadian rest-Activity Rhythm Disorders (CARDs) in Patients with Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3784. [PMID: 37568600 PMCID: PMC10416864 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Circadian rest-Activity Rhythm Disorders (CARDs) are common in patients with cancer, particularly in advanced disease. CARDs are associated with increased symptom burden, poorer quality of life, and shorter survival. Research and reporting practices lack standardization, and formal diagnostic criteria do not exist. This electronic Delphi (e-Delphi) study aimed to formulate international recommendations for the assessment and diagnosis of CARDs in patients with cancer. METHODS An international e-Delphi was performed using an online platform (Welphi). Round 1 developed statements regarding circadian rest-activity rhythms, diagnostic criteria, and assessment techniques. Rounds 2 and 3 involved participants rating their level of agreement with the statements and providing comments until consensus (defined internally as 67%) and stability between rounds were achieved. Recommendations were then created and distributed to participants for comments before being finalized. RESULTS Sixteen participants from nine different clinical specialties and seven different countries, with 5-35 years of relevant research experience, were recruited, and thirteen participants completed all three rounds. Of the 164 generated statements, 66% achieved consensus, and responses were stable between the final two rounds. CONCLUSIONS The e-Delphi resulted in international recommendations for assessing and diagnosing CARDs in patients with cancer. These recommendations should ensure standardized research and reporting practices in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Gouldthorpe
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Academic Department of Palliative Medicine, Our Lady’s Hospice & Care Services, D6W RY72 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sonia Ancoli-Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery & Communicative Disorders, UofL Healthcare-Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Pasquale Innominato
- Oncology Department, Alaw, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor LL57 2PW, UK
- Cancer Research Centre, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- UPR “Chronotherapy, Cancers and Transplantation”, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Gunnhild Jakobsen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Cancer Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Francis Lévi
- UPR “Chronotherapy, Cancers and Transplantation”, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France
- Gastro-Intestinal and General Oncology Service, Paul Brousse Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94800 Villejuif, France
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Chronotherapy Team, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Christine Miaskowski
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Arti Parganiha
- School of Studies in Life Science & Centre for Translational Chronobiology, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, India
| | - Atanu Kumar Pati
- School of Studies in Life Science & Centre for Translational Chronobiology, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, India
- Odisha State Higher Education Council, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar 751001, India
- Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Deidre Pereira
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Victoria Revell
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Jamie M. Zeitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Andrew Davies
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Academic Department of Palliative Medicine, Our Lady’s Hospice & Care Services, D6W RY72 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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Babi M, Tarter ZW, Shutt T, Cash E, Jorgensen J. A Throwing Knife Injury to the Neck: Management of a Unique Airway Situation. Ear Nose Throat J 2023:1455613231186018. [PMID: 37491881 DOI: 10.1177/01455613231186018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Penetrating neck injuries (PNIs) can present as a simple wound or can be complicated by a disruption of the airway or associated vasculature. As such, stabilization of the vasculature and the airway is paramount. Here we present a case in which a hemodynamically stable 28-year-old female presents with a PNI involving the oropharynx and laryngopharynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Babi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Zachary W Tarter
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Travis Shutt
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- UofL Health - Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, USA
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Cash E, Albert C, Potts K, Chandran S, Horrell R. Near-Field LED Illumination Strategies for Tonsillectomy and Adenoid Surgery. Ear Nose Throat J 2023:1455613231183568. [PMID: 37365826 DOI: 10.1177/01455613231183568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Perform a pilot feasibility study to demonstrate viability, quality, and safety advantages of light-emitting diode (LED) illumination when performing tonsillectomy. Study Design: Prospective cohort. Setting: Children's Hospital and Community Multispecialty Hospital. Methods: We tested a commercially available LED light, held in position with a minimally modified mouth gag, for off-label use in a "cavernous wound." We assessed surgeons', residents', and nurses' perceptions of function, safety, as well as preferences compared to headlights. Results: The light was used in 30 cases. Noted advantages over traditional lighting methods included superior brightness, stability and consistency of illumination, and the ability for others to assist more quickly. The inability to adjust brightness and/or the angle of light was an observed disadvantage. A small oral cavity or large tonsillar pillars creating a shadow required the temporary addition of a headlight. However, LED light use was not discontinued. Surgeons and residents reported a preference for not wearing a headlight, and nurses expressed concerns about headlight cleanliness. Conclusion: LED lighting technology demonstrated utility for teaching surgeons, residents, and nurses, and was perceived as safe. Additional specifications may make the light applicable to a wider variety of cases and could potentially mitigate headlight use during procedures of the oral cavity and oropharynx.Level of Evidence: 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Christina Albert
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kevin Potts
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Swapna Chandran
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Robin Horrell
- Department of Otolaryngology, Billings Clinic, Billings, MT, USA
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Nesemeier R, Jones S, Jacob K, Cash E, Goldman J. Trends in Emergency Department Computed Tomography Usage for Diagnosis of Peritonsillar Abscess. Ear Nose Throat J 2023; 102:NP35-NP39. [PMID: 33433233 DOI: 10.1177/0145561320984996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peritonsillar abscess (PTA) is the most common deep neck space infection and a frequent cause for otolaryngology consultation. Patients often undergo computed tomography (CT) scan for confirmation in addition to physical examination. Our aims were to determine whether patients unnecessarily undergo CT scans in the emergency department (ED) when presenting with sore throat and identify physical examination characteristics that predict PTA. METHODS The electronic medical records of all patients (>18 years) presenting to an ED between June 2014 and June 2015 with a primary diagnosis of acute pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis, or PTA were reviewed for presenting symptoms and diagnostic imaging use. RESULTS Four hundred eight patients met inclusion criteria; 21 were diagnosed with PTA, including 13 based on history and physical alone. A total of 21 CT scans were ordered, 11 (52.3%) of which did not demonstrate abscess. Soft palatal fullness, uvular deviation, drooling, and muffled voice were all significantly associated with increased CT usage (all P values <.02). Rising subjective pain scores were associated with increased use of CT imaging (P = .029). Multivariable analyses revealed that soft palatal fullness, uvular deviation, and drooling were all significant predictors of PTA (all P values <.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with severe symptoms of PTA, including uvular deviation, drooling, and soft palatal fullness, were most likely to undergo CT imaging. Given the high likelihood of PTA, patients presenting with these symptoms could forego CT imaging, reducing exposure to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Nesemeier
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shawn Jones
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kevin Jacob
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Julie Goldman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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Chandran S, Mohiuddin A, Cash E, Albert C, Kehdy F. The Inclusion of Voice Assessments to Aid Diagnostic and Surgical Decision Making for Patients With Laryngopharyngeal Reflux. J Voice 2022:S0892-1997(22)00082-0. [PMID: 35537976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) present with a variety of symptoms, such as cough, hoarseness, and globus sensation, and often do not have the classic features associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease. STUDY DESIGN To achieve greater clarity in the symptom presentation, response to treatment, and the impact on vocal function among patients presenting with signs and symptoms consistent with LPR, we prospectively evaluated initial assessments and outcomes after medication or surgical management. METHODS A sample of 109 patients completed self-report measures of reflux symptoms, voice handicap, and underwent diagnostic workup by both laryngologist and foregut surgeon to include laryngoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, manometry and pH monitoring. Patients were then followed for at least 3 months, and outcomes of therapy were recorded. RESULTS The most common indicators on initial workup were reflux symptom inventory score ≥ 13 and at least one abnormality on manometry. Male patients were significantly more likely to demonstrate esophagitis on biopsy, abnormal upper esophageal sphincter mean pressure, and acid (vs nonacid) reflux. Older patients were more likely to have normal esophageal distal contractile integral activity. Significantly higher voice handicap ratings were observed among patients with a positive reflux indicator score in addition to abnormal upper esophageal sphincter mean basal pressure and contractile front velocity. Patients with acid versus nonacid reflux were equally as likely to report non-responsivity to antisecretory medications. Among a subset of patients with 3-month follow-up data (N = 39), reflux scores were significantly lower irrespective of treatment modality (surgical vs pharmacological intervention). CONCLUSION Extensive comprehensive workup did not reveal a single predictive indicator for LPR. Voice assessments may be more sensitive to upper esophageal symptomatology or dysfunction compared to reflux assessments, which may be better indicators of inflammation. Our collaborative data confirms the value of assessing vocal quality and impairment, especially in the presence of equivocal reflux indicators, as together these measures may achieve greater sensitivity to reflux issues and may aid in surgical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Chandran
- Department of Otolaryngology - HNS and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.
| | - Asim Mohiuddin
- University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Otolaryngology - HNS and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; UofL Healthcare - Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Christina Albert
- Department of Otolaryngology - HNS and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Farid Kehdy
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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Morgan SD, Yoder-Himes D, Jackson D, Naber J, Berry R, Cash E, Chandran S, Roussel T. Bactericidal effects of high-energy visible light on common otitis media pathogens. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1856-1865. [PMID: 34787955 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study assessed the use of high-energy, visible light on the survival rates of three bacteria commonly found in middle ear infections (i.e. otitis media; Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae). METHOD AND RESULTS Bacteria were cultured and then subjected to a single, 4-h treatment of 405 nm wavelength light at two different intensities. All three bacteria species were susceptible to the light at clinically significant rates (>99.9% reduction). Bacteria were susceptible to the high-energy visible (HEV) light in a dose-dependent manner (lower survival rates with increased intensity and duration of exposure). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that HEV light may provide a non-surgical, non-pharmaceutical approach to the therapeutic treatment of otitis media. SIGNIFICANCE AN IMPACT OF THE STUDY Given the growing concerns surrounding antibiotic resistance, this study demonstrates a rapid, alternative method for effective inactivation of bacterial pathogens partly responsible for instances of otitis media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shae D Morgan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery & Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Douglas Jackson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - John Naber
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rachel Berry
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery & Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery & Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Swapna Chandran
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery & Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Thomas Roussel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Phillips KM, Siwik C, Rodgers A, Salmon P, Litvan I, Jablonski ME, Filoteo JV, Cash E, Sephton SE. Association of Stress-Health Factors among Parkinson's Disease Patient/Caregiving-Partner Dyads. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 37:12-18. [PMID: 33876185 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies have explored the shared effects of Parkinson's disease (PD) within patient/caregiver dyads. To fill this gap, we compared stress-health outcomes of patients with those of caregiving-partners, examined individual stress-health associations, and explored stress-health associations within dyads. METHOD A total of 18 PD patient/caregiving-partner dyads (N = 36) reported on disease-specific distress, anxiety, quality of life (QOL), and provided saliva samples for cortisol assessment. This cross-sectional, secondary analysis of a prospective pilot study used Actor-Partner Interdependence Models to test aims. RESULTS Patients reported greater anxiety, poorer QOL, and demonstrated flatter cortisol slopes and higher mean bedtime cortisol compared to caregiving-partners. Both patients and caregiving-partners with greater anxiety had elevated bedtime cortisol and poorer QOL. Greater disease-specific distress in an individual was associated with higher diurnal mean cortisol in their partner. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the potential for psychosocial interventions at the dyadic level to reduce shared burden and promote coping among PD patient/caregiving-partner dyads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kala M Phillips
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Chelsea Siwik
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Allison Rodgers
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Paul Salmon
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Irene Litvan
- Department of Neurology - Division of Movement Disorders, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Megan E Jablonski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - J Vincent Filoteo
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sandra E Sephton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, USA
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11
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Cash E, Sephton S, Woolley C, Elbehi AM, R I A, Ekine-Afolabi B, Kok VC. The role of the circadian clock in cancer hallmark acquisition and immune-based cancer therapeutics. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:119. [PMID: 33794967 PMCID: PMC8017624 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01919-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian system temporally regulates physiology to maintain homeostasis. Co-opting and disrupting circadian signals appear to be distinct attributes that are functionally important for the development of a tumor and can enable or give rise to the hallmarks that tumors use to facilitate their initiation, growth and progression. Because circadian signals are also strong regulators of immune cell proliferation, trafficking and exhaustion states, they play a role in how tumors respond to immune-based cancer therapeutics. While immuno-oncology has heralded a paradigm shift in cancer therapeutics, greater accuracy is needed to increase our capability of predicting who will respond favorably to, or who is likely to experience the troubling adverse effects of, immunotherapy. Insights into circadian signals may further refine our understanding of biological determinants of response and help answer the fundamental question of whether certain perturbations in circadian signals interfere with the activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here we review the body of literature highlighting circadian disruption as a cancer promoter and synthesize the burgeoning evidence suggesting circadian signals play a role in how tumors respond to immune-based anti-cancer therapeutics. The goal is to develop a framework to advance our understanding of the relationships between circadian markers, cancer biology, and immunotherapeutics. Bolstered by this new understanding, these relationships may then be pursued in future clinical studies to improve our ability to predict which patients will respond favorably to, and avoid the adverse effects of, traditional and immune-based cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, 529 S Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Sandra Sephton
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Cassandra Woolley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Attia M Elbehi
- Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anu R I
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, MVR Cancer Center and Research Institute, Kerala, India
| | - Bene Ekine-Afolabi
- ZEAB Therapeutic Ltd, London, UK
- Department of Health, Sport & Bioscience, University of East London, Stratford, UK
| | - Victor C Kok
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kuang Tien General Hospital Cancer Center, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University Taiwan, Taichung, Taiwan
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12
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Levinson CA, Cash E, Welch K, Epskamp S, Hunt RA, Williams BM, Keshishian AC, Spoor SP. Personalized networks of eating disorder symptoms predicting eating disorder outcomes and remission. Int J Eat Disord 2020; 53:2086-2094. [PMID: 33179347 PMCID: PMC7864225 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT-E) is one of the primary evidence-based treatments for adults with eating disorders (EDs). However, up to 50% of individuals do not respond to CBT-E, likely because of the high heterogeneity present even within similar diagnoses. This high heterogeneity, especially in regard to presenting pathology, makes it difficult to develop a treatment based "on averages" and for clinicians to accurately pinpoint which symptoms should be targeted in treatment. As such, new models based at both the group, and individual level, are needed to more accurately refine targets for personalized evidence-based treatments that can lead to full remission. The current study (Expected N = 120 anorexia nervosa, atypical anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa) will build both group and individual longitudinal models of ED behaviors, cognitions, affect, and physiology. We will collect data for 30 days utilizing a mobile application to assess behaviors, cognition, and affect and a sensor wristband that assesses physiology (heart rate, acceleration). We will also collect outcome data at 1- and 6-month follow-ups to assess ED outcomes and remission status. These data will allow for identification of "on average" and "individual" targets that maintain ED pathology and test if these targets predict outcomes, including ED remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheri A. Levinson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Karla Welch
- Department of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Sacha Epskamp
- Department of Psychological Methods and Psychometrics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rowan A. Hunt
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Brenna M. Williams
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Ani C. Keshishian
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Samantha P. Spoor
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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13
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ballistic injuries to the temporal bone are uncommon but devastating injuries that damage critical neurovascular structures. This review describes outcomes after ballistic injuries to the temporal bone and offers initiatives for standardized high-quality future research. DATA SOURCES A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. REVIEW METHODS Studies in the review included adults who experienced temporal bone fractures due to gunshot wounds and survived longer than 48 hours. Individual case reports were excluded. The various searches returned 139 results, of which 6 met inclusion criteria. RESULTS Most of the included studies are case series with low-level evidence that report a wide range of outcomes and follow-up. Outcomes include demographic patient information, audiologic outcomes, vascular injuries, intracranial complications, facial nerve function, and surgical indications. CONCLUSION This review is the first to characterize the nature and progression of patients who experienced gunshot wounds to the temporal bone. Although all patients share an etiology of injury, they often have vastly different hospital courses and outcomes. This review provides a basis for future studies to guide care for these injuries, as most of the existing literature includes small dated case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L Kennedy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jessica Petrey
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jerry W Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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14
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Elbehi AM, Anu RI, Ekine-Afolabi B, Cash E. Emerging role of immune checkpoint inhibitors and predictive biomarkers in head and neck cancers. Oral Oncol 2020; 109:104977. [PMID: 32853912 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are a group of diverse and heterogeneous tumors, among which squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is the most prevalent. Current treatment modalities have limited efficacy; therefore, new therapies are being actively developed and evaluated. The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has led to a paradigm shift in the management of difficult-to-treat malignancies. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the development of immunotherapies, which are aimed at the functional restoration of the immune system to counteract immune-evasion strategies of cancer cells, and related biomarkers. Monotherapies with ICIs, which primarily target the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) pathway, have shown promising results in clinical trials of patients with recurrent and metastatic SCCHN. Combinations of ICIs with conventional or virus therapies often have synergistic therapeutic effects, without increased toxicity. As only a small subset of patients respond to immunotherapy, biomarkers are essential for the prediction of treatment response and better selection of patients for ICIs. PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) expression is correlated with response but has several limitations as a predictive marker, as its expression is dynamic and heterogeneous, and the cut-off needs further confirmation. Therefore, tumor mutation burden, gene expression signatures, microsatellite instability, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, viral antigens, and the oral microbiota are being investigated as predictive biomarkers. Finally, we delineate other challenges and future prospects for improving patient outcomes, including the major challenge of identifying and validating predictive biomarkers that need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attia M Elbehi
- School of Care and Health Sciences, University of South Wales, Wales, United Kingdom; Cancer Biology and Therapeutics: High Impact Cancer Research Postgraduate Certificate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - R I Anu
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics: High Impact Cancer Research Postgraduate Certificate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, MVR Cancer Center and Research Institute, Kerala, India
| | - Bene Ekine-Afolabi
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics: High Impact Cancer Research Postgraduate Certificate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Founder & CEO, ZEAB Therapeutic, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics: High Impact Cancer Research Postgraduate Certificate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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15
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Bayley-Veloso R, Szabo YZ, Cash E, Zimmaro L, Siwik C, Kloecker G, Salmon P, van der Gryp K, Sephton SE. The association between history of traumatic events and health-related quality of life among lung cancer patients. J Psychosoc Oncol 2020; 38:627-634. [PMID: 32597346 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2020.1780364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Promoting health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a primary goal of lung cancer treatment. Trauma history and distress can negatively impact HRQOL. DESIGN A cross-sectional design examined the associations of trauma history, cancer-specific distress, and HRQOL. SAMPLE/METHOD Sixty lung cancer patients completed questionnaires on trauma history including the number and severity of traumatic events experienced. Cancer-specific distress, HRQOL, and depression were also reported. FINDINGS As hypothesized, trauma history and cancer-specific distress were negatively associated with HRQOL (all r's > -.27). Depression emerged as a confound in the association between cancer-specific distress and HRQOL. CONCLUSIONS Retrospectively-reported trauma was linked with poorer HRQOL in lung cancer patients. IMPLICATIONS Interventions aimed at improving lung cancer patients' HRQOL should consider the possible role of trauma history (both frequency and distress).
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Affiliation(s)
- René Bayley-Veloso
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yvette Z Szabo
- VA VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lauren Zimmaro
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chelsea Siwik
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Goetz Kloecker
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Paul Salmon
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kathleen van der Gryp
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sandra E Sephton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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16
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Brenneman L, Cash E, Chermak GD, Guenette L, Masters G, Musiek FE, Brown M, Ceruti J, Fitzegerald K, Geissler K, Gonzalez J, Weihing J. The Relationship between Central Auditory Processing, Language, and Cognition in Children Being Evaluated for Central Auditory Processing Disorder. J Am Acad Audiol 2020; 28:758-769. [DOI: 10.3766/jaaa.16119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPediatric central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) is frequently comorbid with other childhood disorders. However, few studies have examined the relationship between commonly used CAPD, language, and cognition tests within the same sample.The present study examined the relationship between diagnostic CAPD tests and “gold standard” measures of language and cognitive ability, the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC).A retrospective study.Twenty-seven patients referred for CAPD testing who scored average or better on the CELF and low average or better on the WISC were initially included. Seven children who scored below the CELF and/or WISC inclusion criteria were then added to the dataset for a second analysis, yielding a sample size of 34.Participants were administered a CAPD battery that included at least the following three CAPD tests: Frequency Patterns (FP), Dichotic Digits (DD), and Competing Sentences (CS). In addition, they were administered the CELF and WISC. Relationships between scores on CAPD, language (CELF), and cognition (WISC) tests were examined using correlation analysis.DD and FP showed significant correlations with Full Scale Intelligence Quotient, and the DD left ear and the DD interaural difference measures both showed significant correlations with working memory. However, ∼80% or more of the variance in these CAPD tests was unexplained by language and cognition measures. Language and cognition measures were more strongly correlated with each other than were the CAPD tests with any CELF or WISC scale. Additional correlations with the CAPD tests were revealed when patients who scored in the mild–moderate deficit range on the CELF and/or in the borderline low intellectual functioning range on the WISC were included in the analysis.While both the DD and FP tests showed significant correlations with one or more cognition measures, the majority of the variance in these CAPD measures went unexplained by cognition. Unlike DD and FP, the CS test was not correlated with cognition. Additionally, language measures were not significantly correlated with any of the CAPD tests. Our findings emphasize that the outcomes and interpretation of results vary as a function of the subject inclusion criteria that are applied for the CELF and WISC. Including participants with poorer cognition and/or language scores increased the number of significant correlations observed. For this reason, it is important that studies investigating the relationship between CAPD and other domains or disorders report the specific inclusion criteria used for all tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Brenneman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Gail D. Chermak
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA
| | - Linda Guenette
- Department of Speech, Language, Hearing Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Gay Masters
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Frank E. Musiek
- Department of Speech, Language, Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Mallory Brown
- Department of Speech, Language, Hearing Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Julianne Ceruti
- Department of Speech, Language, Hearing Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Krista Fitzegerald
- Department of Speech, Language, Hearing Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Kristin Geissler
- Department of Speech, Language, Hearing Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Jennifer Gonzalez
- Department of Speech, Language, Hearing Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Jeffrey Weihing
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
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17
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Dennis AB, Ballesteros GI, Robin S, Schrader L, Bast J, Berghöfer J, Beukeboom LW, Belghazi M, Bretaudeau A, Buellesbach J, Cash E, Colinet D, Dumas Z, Errbii M, Falabella P, Gatti JL, Geuverink E, Gibson JD, Hertaeg C, Hartmann S, Jacquin-Joly E, Lammers M, Lavandero BI, Lindenbaum I, Massardier-Galata L, Meslin C, Montagné N, Pak N, Poirié M, Salvia R, Smith CR, Tagu D, Tares S, Vogel H, Schwander T, Simon JC, Figueroa CC, Vorburger C, Legeai F, Gadau J. Functional insights from the GC-poor genomes of two aphid parasitoids, Aphidius ervi and Lysiphlebus fabarum. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:376. [PMID: 32471448 PMCID: PMC7257214 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6764-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parasitoid wasps have fascinating life cycles and play an important role in trophic networks, yet little is known about their genome content and function. Parasitoids that infect aphids are an important group with the potential for biological control. Their success depends on adapting to develop inside aphids and overcoming both host aphid defenses and their protective endosymbionts. RESULTS We present the de novo genome assemblies, detailed annotation, and comparative analysis of two closely related parasitoid wasps that target pest aphids: Aphidius ervi and Lysiphlebus fabarum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae). The genomes are small (139 and 141 Mbp) and the most AT-rich reported thus far for any arthropod (GC content: 25.8 and 23.8%). This nucleotide bias is accompanied by skewed codon usage and is stronger in genes with adult-biased expression. AT-richness may be the consequence of reduced genome size, a near absence of DNA methylation, and energy efficiency. We identify missing desaturase genes, whose absence may underlie mimicry in the cuticular hydrocarbon profile of L. fabarum. We highlight key gene groups including those underlying venom composition, chemosensory perception, and sex determination, as well as potential losses in immune pathway genes. CONCLUSIONS These findings are of fundamental interest for insect evolution and biological control applications. They provide a strong foundation for further functional studies into coevolution between parasitoids and their hosts. Both genomes are available at https://bipaa.genouest.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B Dennis
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Gabriel I Ballesteros
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Laboratorio de Control Biológico, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Stéphanie Robin
- IGEPP, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAE, Université de Rennes, 35650, Le Rheu, France
- Université de Rennes 1, INRIA, CNRS, IRISA, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Lukas Schrader
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jens Bast
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Université de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Zoology, Universität zu Köln, 50674, Köln, Germany
| | - Jan Berghöfer
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Leo W Beukeboom
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maya Belghazi
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, PINT, PFNT, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Bretaudeau
- IGEPP, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAE, Université de Rennes, 35650, Le Rheu, France
- Université de Rennes 1, INRIA, CNRS, IRISA, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jan Buellesbach
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Zoé Dumas
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Université de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mohammed Errbii
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Jean-Luc Gatti
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Elzemiek Geuverink
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua D Gibson
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30460, USA
| | - Corinne Hertaeg
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, D-USYS, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Hartmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Diderot, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES-Paris, F-78000, Versailles, France
| | - Mark Lammers
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Blas I Lavandero
- Laboratorio de Control Biológico, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Ina Lindenbaum
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Camille Meslin
- INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Diderot, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES-Paris, F-78000, Versailles, France
| | - Nicolas Montagné
- INRAE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, Université Paris Diderot, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iEES-Paris, F-78000, Versailles, France
| | - Nina Pak
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Marylène Poirié
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Rosanna Salvia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Chris R Smith
- Department of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN, 47374, USA
| | - Denis Tagu
- IGEPP, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAE, Université de Rennes, 35650, Le Rheu, France
| | - Sophie Tares
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwander
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Université de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian C Figueroa
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Christoph Vorburger
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Legeai
- IGEPP, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAE, Université de Rennes, 35650, Le Rheu, France
- Université de Rennes 1, INRIA, CNRS, IRISA, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jürgen Gadau
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
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18
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Sharp CN, Korte EA, Hosseinejad K, Pitman J, Lavasanifar A, Eichenberger DJ, Sephton S, Cash E, Jortani SA. ELISA-based detection of Open Reading Frame protein 1 in patients at risk of developing lung cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 507:1-6. [PMID: 32275987 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of lung cancer significantly improves survival outcomes. Thus, lung cancer screening for high-risk individuals using low-dose CT scan (LDCT) is recommended. LDCT has several limitations, and often requires invasive follow up. Previously, we have developed an ELISA for measurement of Open Reading Frame 1 protein (ORF1p) in serum. We assessed whether ORF1p can be used as a risk assessment biomarker for patients at high risk for developing lung cancer. PATIENTS Patients with risk factors for lung cancer were enrolled in our study with consent under IRB approval. A total of 122 patients were included. The lung cancer cohort consisted of 38 patients with varying stages of cancer undergoing treatment. METHODS ORF1p quantification was performed using our ELISA assay on serum samples. RESULTS ORF1p was significantly increased in the serum of patients with identified lung nodules compared to those without nodules (P = 0.0007). ORF1p was also significantly increased in patients who were recommended for follow up (P = 0.0004). When comparing the at-risk cohort to patients with lung cancer, there was not a significant difference in ORF1p levels. CONCLUSION ORF1p can be used to identify patients at high risk of developing lung cancer and may provide an effective, non-invasive risk assessment marker to complement LDCT screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cierra N Sharp
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, 511 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Erik A Korte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, 511 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Keivan Hosseinejad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, 511 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Jennifer Pitman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, 511 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Afsaneh Lavasanifar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | | | - Sandra Sephton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, 322A Life Sciences Building, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 401 E Chestnut St # 170, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Saeed A Jortani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, 511 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
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19
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Ekine-Afolabi BA, Njan AA, Rotimi SO, R. I. A, Elbehi AM, Cash E, Adeyeye A. The Impact of Diet on the Involvement of Non-Coding RNAs, Extracellular Vesicles, and Gut Microbiome-Virome in Colorectal Cancer Initiation and Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 10:583372. [PMID: 33381452 PMCID: PMC7769005 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.583372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world today. The third most common cancer and which is most diet related is colorectal cancer (CRC). Although there is complexity and limited understanding in the link between diet and CRC, the advancement in research methods have demonstrated the involvement of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as key regulators of gene expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) which are a class of ncRNAs are key players in cancer related pathways in the context of dietary modulation. The involvement of ncRNA in cancer progression has recently been clarified throughout the last decade. ncRNAs are involved in biological processes relating to tumor onset and progression. The advances in research have given insights into cell to cell communication, by highlighting the pivotal involvement of extracellular vesicle (EV) associated-ncRNAs in tumorigenesis. The abundance and stability of EV associated ncRNAs act as a new diagnostic and therapeutic target for cancer. The understanding of the deranging of these molecules in cancer can give access to modulating the expression of the ncRNAs, thereby influencing the cancer phenotype. Food derived exosomes/vesicles (FDE) are gaining interest in the implication of exosomes in cell-cell communication with little or no understanding to date on the role FDE plays. There are resident microbiota in the colon; to which the imbalance in the normal intestinal occurrence leads to chronic inflammation and the production of carcinogenic metabolites that lead to neoplasm. Limited studies have shown the implication of various types of microbiome in CRC incidence, without particular emphasis on fungi and protozoa. This review discusses important dietary factors in relation to the expression of EV-associated ncRNAs in CRC, the impact of diet on the colon ecosystem with particular emphasis on molecular mechanisms of interactions in the ecosystem, the influence of homeostasis regulators such as glutathione, and its conjugating enzyme-glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphism on intestinal ecosystem, oxidative stress response, and its relationship to DNA adduct fighting enzyme-0-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms and interaction in the intestinal ecosystem will inform on the diagnostic, preventive and prognosis as well as treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bene A. Ekine-Afolabi
- ZEAB Therapeutic, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, High Impact Cancer Research Postgraduate Certificate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bene A. Ekine-Afolabi,
| | - Anoka A. Njan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Anu R. I.
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, High Impact Cancer Research Postgraduate Certificate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, MVR Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Calicut, India
| | - Attia M. Elbehi
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, High Impact Cancer Research Postgraduate Certificate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- School of Care and Health Sciences, University of South Wales, Cardif, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, High Impact Cancer Research Postgraduate Certificate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Ademola Adeyeye
- Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Burckardt E, Rebholz W, Allen S, Cash E, Goldman J. Predictors for hemorrhage following pediatric adenotonsillectomy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 117:143-147. [PMID: 30579069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine risk factors and trends for posttonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) following adenotonsillectomy (T&A) at a single children's tertiary referral hospital. METHODS Charts from all patients 2-12 years old undergoing T&A alone at a single children's hospital from January 1, 2010 through December 31, 2015 were reviewed. Data was collected on patient demographics, indication for procedure, time of year, academic affiliation of surgeon, surgical technique and method, post-operative pain medication prescribed,and readmission for PTH. Univariate chi-square analyses and logistic regression along with multivariable stepwise logistic regression were used to identify predictors of PTH. SPSS version 24 was used for statistical analyses with p < .05 indicating statistical significance. RESULTS There were 2565 children undergoing T&A during the study period. One hundred seventy-three (6.7%) patients were readmitted, of which 53 (30.6%) were due to PTH. Univariate analyses identified children at the highest age quartile of the study, 7.72-12.97 years old (odds ratio [OR] = 5.775, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.248-14.837, p < .001) and children with a BMI z-score of 2 or greater (OR = 3.391, 95% CI = 1.497-7.680, p = .003) were at increased risk for PTH. Multivariable analyses also identified both the highest age quartile and BMI z-score of 2 or greater to be a risk factor for PTH. CONCLUSION In children undergoing T&A, age greater than 7.72 years old and BMI z-score of 2 or greater are significant risk factors for PTH. Replication of these findings in a more highly powered trial is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Burckardt
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Whitney Rebholz
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Samantha Allen
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Julie Goldman
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Buellesbach J, Whyte BA, Cash E, Gibson JD, Scheckel KJ, Sandidge R, Tsutsui ND. Desiccation Resistance and Micro-Climate Adaptation: Cuticular Hydrocarbon Signatures of Different Argentine Ant Supercolonies Across California. J Chem Ecol 2018; 44:1101-1114. [PMID: 30430363 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-1029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), the dominant fraction of the insects' epicuticle and the primary barrier to desiccation, form the basis for a wide range of chemical signaling systems. In eusocial insects, CHCs are key mediators of nestmate recognition, and colony identity appears to be maintained through a uniform CHC profile. In the unicolonial Argentine ant Linepithema humile, an unparalleled invasive expansion has led to vast supercolonies whose nestmates can still recognize each other across thousands of miles. CHC profiles are expected to display considerable variation as they adapt to fundamentally differing environmental conditions across the Argentine ant's expanded range, yet this variation would largely conflict with the vastly extended nestmate recognition based on CHC uniformity. To shed light on these seemingly contradictory selective pressures, we attempt to decipher which CHC classes enable adaptation to such a wide array of environmental conditions and contrast them with the overall CHC profile uniformity postulated to maintain nestmate recognition. n-Alkanes and n-alkenes showed the largest adaptability to environmental conditions most closely associated with desiccation, pointing at their function for water-proofing. Trimethyl alkanes, on the other hand, were reduced in environments associated with higher desiccation stress. However, CHC patterns correlated with environmental conditions were largely overriden when taking overall CHC variation across the expanded range of L. humile into account, resulting in conserved colony-specific CHC signatures. This delivers intriguing insights into the hierarchy of CHC functionality integrating both adaptation to a wide array of different climatic conditions and the maintenance of a universally accepted chemical profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Buellesbach
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. .,Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Hüfferstr. 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Brian A Whyte
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Joshua D Gibson
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8042-1, Statesboro, GA, 30460, USA
| | - Kelsey J Scheckel
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Rebecca Sandidge
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Neil D Tsutsui
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Cash E, Duck CR, Brinkman C, Rebholz W, Albert C, Worthen M, Jusufbegovic M, Wilson L, Bumpous JM. Depressive symptoms and actigraphy-measured circadian disruption predict head and neck cancer survival. Psychooncology 2018; 27:2500-2507. [PMID: 30117225 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depressive symptoms have demonstrated prognostic significance among head and neck cancer patients. Depression is associated with circadian disruption, which is prognostic in multiple other cancer types. We hypothesized that depressive symptoms would be associated with circadian disruption in head and neck cancer, that each would be related to poorer 2-year overall survival, and that relationships would be mediated by tumor response to treatment. METHODS Patients (N = 55) reported on cognitive/affective and somatic depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) and wore an actigraph for 6 days to continuously record rest and activity cycles prior to chemoradiation. Records review documented treatment response and 2-year survival. Spearman correlations tested depressive symptoms and circadian disruption relationships. Cox proportional hazard models tested the predictive capability of depressive symptoms and circadian disruption, separately, on survival. RESULTS Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with circadian disruption, and both were significantly associated with shorter survival (somatic: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.325, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.089-1.611, P = .005; rest/activity rhythm: HR = 0.073, 95% CI = 0.009-0.563, P = .012; nighttime restfulness: HR = 0.910, 95% CI = 0.848-0.977, P = .009). Tumor response to treatment appeared to partly mediate the nighttime restfulness-survival relationship. CONCLUSIONS This study replicates and extends prior work with new evidence linking a subjective measure of depression and an objective measure of circadian disruption-2 known prognostic indicators-to shortened overall survival among head and neck cancer patients. Continued examination should elucidate mechanisms by which depressive symptomatology and circadian disruption translate to head and neck cancer progression and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - C Riley Duck
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Courtney Brinkman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Whitney Rebholz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Christy Albert
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mary Worthen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mia Jusufbegovic
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Liz Wilson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Bumpous
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, USA
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Cao A, Khayat S, Cash E, Nickel C, Gettelfinger J, Tennant P, Bumpous J. ACS NSQIP risk calculator reliability in head and neck oncology: The effect of prior chemoradiation on NSQIP risk estimates following laryngectomy. Am J Otolaryngol 2018; 39:192-196. [PMID: 29174070 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether inclusion of chemoradiation history increases estimated risk for complications following total laryngectomy using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Surgical Risk Calculator. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of 96 patients with laryngeal cancer, approximately half of who had received prior chemoradiation, who underwent laryngectomy between January 2010 and December 2014. NSQIP estimates were calculated and compared to actual event occurrence using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, Brier scores, and risk estimates. RESULTS Patients who had received prior chemoradiation were at significantly greater risk for complication postoperatively (OR=2.63, 95% CI=1.145-6.043). NSQIP Calculator discriminability and accuracy were generally poor for this sample. While NSQIP estimates significantly predicted risk for any postoperative complication, pneumonia, and discharge to nursing care for primary laryngectomy patients, predictive capability was lost among salvage laryngectomy patients. NSQIP adjustments to both Somewhat Higher and Significantly Higher Risk categories did not improve predictive capability. Of the risk factors considered by NSQIP, preoperative functional status (p=0.041), age at time of surgery (p<0.008), and inclusion of neck dissection (p=0.035) emerged as significant predictors of actual postoperative complications, though again estimates lost significance among salvage laryngectomy patients. CONCLUSIONS The NSQIP Calculator may be poorly calibrated to estimate postoperative complication risk for patients previously exposed to chemoradiation undergoing salvage laryngectomy. Caution should be used when estimating postoperative risk among patients undergoing salvage procedures, especially those of older age, poorer functional status, and those requiring neck dissection.
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24
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Miller SE, Wathen K, Cash E, Pitts T, Cornell L. Auditory sensory gating predicts acceptable noise level. Hear Res 2018; 359:76-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Amsbaugh MJ, Yusuf M, Cash E, Silverman C, Potts K, Dunlap N. Effect of time to simulation and treatment for patients with oropharyngeal cancer receiving definitive radiotherapy in the era of risk stratification using smoking and human papillomavirus status. Head Neck 2018; 40:687-695. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Amsbaugh
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Mehran Yusuf
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Craig Silverman
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Kevin Potts
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Neal Dunlap
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
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26
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Siwik C, Hicks A, Phillips K, Rebholz WN, Zimmaro LA, Weissbecker I, Cash E, Sephton SE. Impact of coping strategies on perceived stress, depression, and cortisol profiles among gynecologic cancer patients. J Health Psychol 2017; 25:993-1003. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105317740737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored associations between problem-focused, emotional processing, and emotional expression coping strategies and markers of stress including perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and diurnal cortisol profiles among women with gynecologic cancer. Problem-focused coping was associated with less perceived stress, fewer depressive symptoms, and more rhythmic diurnal salivary cortisol profiles. Emotional processing was associated with lower perceived stress and fewer depressive symptoms. Emotional expression was associated with fewer depressive symptoms and elevated diurnal mean and evening cortisol levels. Results point to key differences in coping strategies. In this sample, only problem-focused coping was linked with adaptive differences in both psychological and physiological stress measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandra E Sephton
- University of Louisville, USA
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, USA
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27
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Amsbaugh MJ, Yusuf M, Cash E, Silverman C, Wilson E, Bumpous J, Potts K, Perez C, Bert R, Redman R, Dunlap N. Distribution of Cervical Lymph Node Metastases From Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx in the Era of Risk Stratification Using Human Papillomavirus and Smoking Status. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016; 96:349-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.2450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Worthen M, Jusufbegovic M, Bumpous JM, Vaughn A, Cash E, Yang X, Fichandler C, Tennant P. Fungal contribution in chondroradionecrosis of the larynx. Laryngoscope 2016; 127:E159-E165. [PMID: 27666333 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of invasive fungal elements in the specimens of patients who underwent salvage total laryngectomy for chondroradionecrosis (CRN) in the absence of recurrent or persistent malignancy. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Tertiary academic medical center. METHODS One hundred fifty-nine patients were identified who underwent salvage total laryngectomy. Pathology reports were reviewed, and all laryngectomy specimens that did not contain residual malignancy were reevaluated for evidence of invasive fungal elements. RESULTS Twelve of 159 (7.5%) patients who underwent total laryngectomy after primary radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy had no evidence of residual malignancy. Each of these specimens contained histopathologic evidence of CRN; invasive fungal elements were identified in 25%. There was no statistical difference in demographic or treatment-related variables between patients who underwent salvage total laryngectomy with evidence of persistent or recurrent malignancy in the laryngectomy specimen versus patients without evidence of tumor on final histopathologic analysis. Patients with evidence of ulceration or necrosis in the laryngectomy specimen had reduced overall survival, irrespective of the presence of persistent malignancy (hazard ratio = 2.923, 95% confidence interval = 1.023-8.352, P = .045). CONCLUSION Among salvage total laryngectomy patients, no difference was identified between patients who underwent total laryngectomy for recurrent or persistent malignancy after primary radiotherapy and those who received total laryngectomy without evidence of malignancy in their specimens. Invasive fungal elements were detected in several laryngectomy specimens that did not contain residual malignancy. Empiric antifungal therapy may therefore benefit patients diagnosed with CRN who are at risk for progression to nonfunctional larynx. Patients with evidence of ulceration or necrosis in the salvage laryngectomy specimen had worse overall survival. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4. Laryngoscope, 127:E159-E165, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Worthen
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS and Communicative Disorders, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A
| | - Mia Jusufbegovic
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey M Bumpous
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS and Communicative Disorders, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A
| | - Andrew Vaughn
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS and Communicative Disorders, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A
| | - Xiu Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A
| | - Craig Fichandler
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A
| | - Paul Tennant
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS and Communicative Disorders, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A
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Rebholz WN, Cash E, Zimmaro LA, Bayley-Veloso R, Phillips K, Siwik C, Chagpar AB, Dhabhar FS, Spiegel D, Bell BS, Sephton SE. Distress and quality of life in an ethnically diverse sample awaiting breast cancer surgery. J Health Psychol 2016; 23:1438-1451. [PMID: 27466289 DOI: 10.1177/1359105316659916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor breast cancer-related quality of life is associated with flattened cortisol rhythms and inflammation in breast cancer survivors and women with advanced disease. We explored the associations of cancer-specific distress (Impact of Events Scale), mood (Profile of Mood States), activity/sleep (wake after sleep onset, 24-hour autocorrelation coefficient) and cortisol (diurnal slope) circadian rhythms, and inflammation (interleukin-6) with quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast) among patients awaiting breast cancer surgery ( N = 57). Models were adjusted for differences in age and cancer stage. Distress and mood disturbance were significantly correlated with lower quality of life. Ethnic differences in the relationship between distress and mood disturbance with global quality of life and subscales of quality of life were observed. Actigraphic measures showed that in comparison with non-Hispanic patients, African Americans had significantly poorer activity/sleep (wake after sleep onset, 24-hour autocorrelation coefficient). Circadian disruption and inflammation were not associated with quality of life. Physiological dysregulation and associated comorbidities may take time to develop over the course of disease and treatment.
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Perez C, Amsbaugh M, Claudino W, Yusuf M, Wu X, Rai S, Roberts T, Wilson L, Hall Volz L, Khanal S, Jenson A, Cash E, Bumpous J, Silverman C, Tennant P, Dunlap N, Redman R. High-Dose Versus Weekly Cisplatin Definitive Chemoradiation Therapy for Human Papillomavirus–Related Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Amsbaugh M, Yusuf M, Cash E, Silverman C, Bumpous J, Perez C, Bert R, Redman R, Dunlap N. Clinical Presentation of Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Modern Era: Does Risk Stratification Using Human Papillomavirus and Smoking Status Matter? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.12.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cappello Z, Eid M, Cash E, Wilson L, Tennant P, Bumpous J, Potts K. Prognostic Indications of p16 and Smoking Status in Predicting the Need for Posttreatment Neck Dissection After Chemoradiation Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.12.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bertke M, Shaughnessy J, Forsthoefel M, Cash E, Silverman C, Amsbaugh M, Bumpous J, Potts K, Redman R, Perez C, Dunlap N. HPV Status May Have Limited Value as a Prognostic Factor in Postoperative Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Compared to Extranodal Extension and Lymphovascular Space Invasion. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.12.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cash E, Salmon P, Weissbecker I, Rebholz WN, Bayley-Veloso R, Zimmaro LA, Floyd A, Dedert E, Sephton SE. Mindfulness meditation alleviates fibromyalgia symptoms in women: results of a randomized clinical trial. Ann Behav Med 2016; 49:319-30. [PMID: 25425224 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-014-9665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several recent reviews have evaluated evidence on the efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) among fibromyalgia sufferers, and concluded that more research should test effects on both psychological and physiological functioning. PURPOSE We conducted a randomized prospective trial of MBSR among female fibromyalgia patients. METHODS Effects on perceived stress, pain, sleep quality, fatigue, symptom severity, and salivary cortisol were tested in treatment (n=51) versus wait-list control participants (n=40) using data at baseline, post-program, and 2-month follow-up. RESULTS Analyses revealed that MBSR significantly reduced perceived stress, sleep disturbance, and symptom severity, with gains maintained at follow-up. Greater home practice at follow-up was associated with reduced symptom severity. MBSR did not significantly alter pain, physical functioning, or cortisol profiles. CONCLUSION MBSR ameliorated some of the major symptoms of fibromyalgia and reduced subjective illness burden. Further exploration of MBSR effects on physiological stress responses is warranted. These results support use of MBSR as a complementary treatment for women with fibromyalgia ( ISRCTN 34628811).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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Amsbaugh M, Yusuf M, Cash E, Silverman C, Wilson L, Bumpous J, Perez C, Bert R, Redman R, Dunlap N. Distribution of Cervical Lymph Node Metastases From Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx in the Era of Risk Stratification Using HPV and Smoking Status. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cash E, Sephton SE, Chagpar AB, Spiegel D, Rebholz WN, Zimmaro LA, Tillie JM, Dhabhar FS. Circadian disruption and biomarkers of tumor progression in breast cancer patients awaiting surgery. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 48:102-14. [PMID: 25728235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological distress, which can begin with cancer diagnosis and continue with treatment, is linked with circadian and endocrine disruption. In turn, circadian/endocrine factors are potent modulators of cancer progression. We hypothesized that circadian rest-activity rhythm disruption, distress, and diurnal cortisol rhythms would be associated with biomarkers of tumor progression in the peripheral blood of women awaiting breast cancer surgery. Breast cancer patients (n=43) provided actigraphic data on rest-activity rhythm, cancer-specific distress (IES, POMS), saliva samples for assessment of diurnal cortisol rhythm, cortisol awakening response (CAR), and diurnal mean. Ten potential markers of tumor progression were quantified in serum samples and grouped by exploratory factor analysis. Analyses yielded three factors, which appear to include biomarkers reflecting different aspects of tumor progression. Elevated factor scores indicate both high levels and strong clustering among serum signals. Factor 1 included VEGF, MMP-9, and TGF-β; suggesting tumor invasion/immunosuppression. Factor 2 included IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6R, MCP-1; suggesting inflammation/chemotaxis. Factor 3 included IL-6, IL-12, IFN-γ; suggesting inflammation/TH1-type immunity. Hierarchical regressions adjusting age, stage and socioeconomic status examined associations of circadian, distress, and endocrine variables with these three factor scores. Patients with poor circadian coordination as measured by rest-activity rhythms had higher Factor 1 scores (R(2)=.160, p=.038). Patients with elevated CAR also had higher Factor 1 scores (R(2)=.293, p=.020). These relationships appeared to be driven largely by VEGF concentrations. Distress was not related to tumor-relevant biomarkers, and no other significant relationships emerged. Women with strong circadian activity rhythms showed less evidence of tumor promotion and/or progression as indicated by peripheral blood biomarkers. The study was not equipped to discern the cause of these associations. Circadian/endocrine aberrations may be a manifestation of systemic effects of aggressive tumors. Alternatively, these results raise the possibility that, among patients with active breast tumors, disruption of circadian activity rhythms and elevated CAR may facilitate tumor promotion and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cash
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - S E Sephton
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.
| | - A B Chagpar
- The Breast Center - Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale-New Haven, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - D Spiegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - W N Rebholz
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - L A Zimmaro
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - J M Tillie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - F S Dhabhar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
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Bhatt AD, Goodwin N, Cash E, Bhatt G, Silverman CL, Spanos WJ, Bumpous JM, Potts K, Redman R, Allison WA, Dunlap NE. Impact of transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation on dysphagia in patients with head and neck cancer treated with definitive chemoradiation. Head Neck 2015; 37:1051-6. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aashish D. Bhatt
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Nicole Goodwin
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Surgery; Division of Otolaryngology-HNS; University of Louisville School of Medicine; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Geetika Bhatt
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Craig L. Silverman
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
| | - William J. Spanos
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Jeffrey M. Bumpous
- Department of Surgery; Division of Otolaryngology-HNS; University of Louisville School of Medicine; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Kevin Potts
- Department of Surgery; Division of Otolaryngology-HNS; University of Louisville School of Medicine; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Rebecca Redman
- Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Hematology-Oncology; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
| | | | - Neal E. Dunlap
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
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Abstract
Desaturase genes are essential for biological processes, including lipid metabolism, cell signaling, and membrane fluidity regulation. Insect desaturases are particularly interesting for their role in chemical communication, and potential contribution to speciation, symbioses, and sociality. Here, we describe the acyl-CoA desaturase gene families of 15 insects, with a focus on social Hymenoptera. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that the insect desaturases represent an ancient gene family characterized by eight subfamilies that differ strongly in their degree of conservation and frequency of gene gain and loss. Analyses of genomic organization showed that five of these subfamilies are represented in a highly microsyntenic region conserved across holometabolous insect taxa, indicating an ancestral expansion during early insect evolution. In three subfamilies, ants exhibit particularly large expansions of genes. Despite these expansions, however, selection analyses showed that desaturase genes in all insect lineages are predominantly undergoing strong purifying selection. Finally, for three expanded subfamilies, we show that ants exhibit variation in gene expression between species, and more importantly, between sexes and castes within species. This suggests functional differentiation of these genes and a role in the regulation of reproductive division of labor in ants. The dynamic pattern of gene gain and loss of acyl-CoA desaturases in ants may reflect changes in response to ecological diversification and an increased demand for chemical signal variability. This may provide an example of how gene family expansions can contribute to lineage-specific adaptations through structural and regulatory changes acting in concert to produce new adaptive phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jürgen Gadau
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University
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Tennant PA, Cash E, Bumpous JM, Potts KL. Persistent tracheostomy after primary chemoradiation for advanced laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer. Head Neck 2013; 36:1628-33. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Tennant
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, James Graham Brown Cancer Center; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, James Graham Brown Cancer Center; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Jeffrey M. Bumpous
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, James Graham Brown Cancer Center; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
| | - Kevin L. Potts
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, James Graham Brown Cancer Center; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky
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Cash E, Self E, Wilson L, Russ E, Bumpous JM. Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms, and Quality of Life in Newly Diagnosed Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599813496044a66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Psychological distress, including anxiety and depressive symptoms, is prevalent among newly diagnosed cancer patients. Greater distress may be related to poorer health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Here we describe a sample of newly diagnosed patients who reported on anxiety, depressive symptoms, and HRQOL upon initial presentation to a multidisciplinary head and neck clinic. Methods: Retrospective medical record review (October 2012 - February 2013) yielded 43 patients (33 male) who provided data of interest. This cohort completed screening measures of anxiety and depressive symptoms (HADS), and health-related social and physical quality of life (UW-QOL). These data were provided during the initial clinic visit, prior to initiation of adjuvant treatment. Average age was 61.8 years (SD=13.6). Eighteen (41.9%) patients had oral cavity/laryngeal cancers. Squamous cell pathology was noted in 28 (65%) cases. Many patients (n=19, 44.2%) scored above clinical cutoff for distress. A moderate impact to social-emotional and physical QOL was also noted. Younger patients had significantly greater anxiety symptoms (r=-.373, P = .015), and patients with more advanced cancer reported poorer social-emotional QOL (r=-.330, P = .040). Greater depressive symptoms were related to poorer physical QOL (r=-.454; P = .003), especially for those who scored above the clinical cutoff (F(1,42)=7.54; P = .009). Results: Relationships between psychological distress and HR-QOL are evident at the time of diagnosis, particularly for patients reporting clinically significant distress. Distress that begins with diagnosis and continues with treatment is also linked with circadian, endocrine, and immune disruption. Conclusions: These pathways are intriguing, as they may mediate relationships to HR-QOL highlighted here, and warrant further study.
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Smith AM, Rife E, Cash E, Peyton N, Woods C, Chandran SK. Trends in Hospitalizations for Pediatric Peritonsillar Abscess: 2003-2009. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599813496044a336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Peritonsillar abscesses (PTA) are the most common deep neck space infections. Although many of these infections are treated in the emergency department, these infections can become quite serious, compromising the airway or developing into Lemierre’s Syndrome, requiring hospitalization. We embarked on this study to determine current hospitalized costs, length of stay (LOS), and demographic stratification of peritonsillar abscess. Methods: This study used the Kid Inpatient Database for 2003, 2006, and 2009. We queried this for International Classification of Disease, ninth revision, clinical modification (ICD-9-CM) code 475.00, representing PTA. We obtained stratified data for this diagnosis. Hospital resource use was compared between teaching, non-teaching, and pediatric facilities using Statistical Analysis Software. Census data were used to calculate incidences. Results: The number of hospitalizations and incidence increased (3608 to 4502, 3.7 to 4.5/100000population). Hospitalizations increased with increasing age (for 15-19 yo vs other ages RR 2.18, 95%CI 2.14-2.22). Percent of cases receiving surgical drainage decreased (41% to 34%). Median LOS remained constant at 2 days. Patients had longer LOS at pediatric hospitals (2.3d vs 2.14d vs 2.02d, P < 0.001) accruing more charges ($14763 vs $10587 vs $9120, P < 0.001). Pediatric and teaching hospitals performed more drainage than nonteaching (39.4% and 40.4% vs 36.1%, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Incidence of pediatric hospitalizations for PTA increased from 2003-2009. These infections were more common among adolescents. Surgical management decreased. Overall cost per case increased, while LOS remained constant. The national emergence of community-acquired MRSA during this time period may be related to the increase in incidence.
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Smith AM, Nesemeier R, Cash E, Woods C, Chandran SK. Increased Resource Burden of Methicillin-Resistant Staphyloccoccus aureus Orbital Cellulitis in the Pediatric Population. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599813496044a318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Due to the colonization of the nares, the epidemic of community acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphyloccoccus aureus (MRSA) poses a risk of MRSA head and neck infections. Orbital cellulitis is one such infection that commonly follows sinusitis. This infection occurs posterior to the orbital septum, posing risk to nearby structures. The purpose of this study is to stratify the differences in epidemiology and resource use between MRSA orbital cellulitis and traditional non-MRSA orbital cellulitis. Methods: We queried the 2009 Kid Inpatient Database, identifying all cases with a primary diagnosis of International Classification of Disease, ninth revision, clinical modification (ICD-9-CM) code 376.01, orbital cellulitis. We then extracted these cases with a secondary diagnosis of ICD-9-CM code 041.12, MRSA, and compared the two groups using Statistical Analysis Software. Results: In 2009, the total number of cases for orbital cellulitis was 2502 with 133 having a secondary diagnosis of MRSA (5.3%). The median age for the MRSA group was older (8yo vs 5yo), with 15-19yo 3.14 times more likely to have MRSA (RR 3.14, 95%CI 2.17-4.56). Facial cellulitis was the most common comorbidity for the MRSA group (14%). The MRSA group was more likely to undergo orbitotomy (RR 2.39, 95%CI 1.56-3.66), accruing higher median total charges ($12595 vs $10131). Conclusions: Although MRSA can colonize the nares, MRSA orbital cellulitis more commonly occurs with facial cellulitis. This infection increases with increasing age. Orbital infection with MRSA poses a higher resource burden, requiring more frequent invasive measures.
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Smith AM, Cash E, Myers J, Smith M, Navale S, Woods C, Chandran SK. Trends and Comparison of Children Hospitalized for Retropharyngeal and Parapharyngeal Abscesses 2003-2009. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599813496044a335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Following the peritonsillar space, two confluent spaces house the majority of pediatric deep neck space infections, the retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal sites. Surgical drainage and conservative antibiotic management exist as treatment options. Methods: We queried the Kid Inpatient Database identifying all cases of International Classification of Disease, ninth revision, clinical modification (ICD-9-CM) codes 478.22, parapharyngeal abscess (PPA), and 478.24, retropharyngeal abscess (RPA) for 2003, 2006, and 2009. Comparisons were made between population level estimates using Statistical Analysis Software. Results: The incidence (0-20yo) of both RPA (0.67 to 0.81/100000population) and PPA (1.46 to 1.84/100000) increased slightly. Males were more likely than females to be afflicted (60% vs 40%). The median age for RPA was younger (4yo vs 5yo, P < 0.001). Median total charges increased (for RPA $12217 to $14453, P <0.01, for PPA $13184 to $19177, P < 0.01) with no cost difference between them ( P = 0.055). Median length of stay (LOS) remained constant (3 d). Surgical drainage occurred more often for PPA (43% vs 37%, P < 0.01); however, LOS increased when an RPA was surgically drained (4 vs 3 days, P < 0.01). Conclusions: These national population-based estimates show a similar demographic stratification for RPA and PPA. Incidence has increased slightly with RPA occurring more often and at a younger age. Costs per hospitalization increased, but lengths of stay were constant. Surgery occurred more often for PPA but increased LOS for RPA. Surgery increased overall costs; however, cost and resource use were similar for both infections.
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Simola DF, Wissler L, Donahue G, Waterhouse RM, Helmkampf M, Roux J, Nygaard S, Glastad KM, Hagen DE, Viljakainen L, Reese JT, Hunt BG, Graur D, Elhaik E, Kriventseva EV, Wen J, Parker BJ, Cash E, Privman E, Childers CP, Muñoz-Torres MC, Boomsma JJ, Bornberg-Bauer E, Currie CR, Elsik CG, Suen G, Goodisman MAD, Keller L, Liebig J, Rawls A, Reinberg D, Smith CD, Smith CR, Tsutsui N, Wurm Y, Zdobnov EM, Berger SL, Gadau J. Social insect genomes exhibit dramatic evolution in gene composition and regulation while preserving regulatory features linked to sociality. Genome Res 2013; 23:1235-47. [PMID: 23636946 PMCID: PMC3730098 DOI: 10.1101/gr.155408.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Genomes of eusocial insects code for dramatic examples of phenotypic plasticity and social organization. We compared the genomes of seven ants, the honeybee, and various solitary insects to examine whether eusocial lineages share distinct features of genomic organization. Each ant lineage contains ∼4000 novel genes, but only 64 of these genes are conserved among all seven ants. Many gene families have been expanded in ants, notably those involved in chemical communication (e.g., desaturases and odorant receptors). Alignment of the ant genomes revealed reduced purifying selection compared with Drosophila without significantly reduced synteny. Correspondingly, ant genomes exhibit dramatic divergence of noncoding regulatory elements; however, extant conserved regions are enriched for novel noncoding RNAs and transcription factor–binding sites. Comparison of orthologous gene promoters between eusocial and solitary species revealed significant regulatory evolution in both cis (e.g., Creb) and trans (e.g., fork head) for nearly 2000 genes, many of which exhibit phenotypic plasticity. Our results emphasize that genomic changes can occur remarkably fast in ants, because two recently diverged leaf-cutter ant species exhibit faster accumulation of species-specific genes and greater divergence in regulatory elements compared with other ants or Drosophila. Thus, while the “socio-genomes” of ants and the honeybee are broadly characterized by a pervasive pattern of divergence in gene composition and regulation, they preserve lineage-specific regulatory features linked to eusociality. We propose that changes in gene regulation played a key role in the origins of insect eusociality, whereas changes in gene composition were more relevant for lineage-specific eusocial adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Simola
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Williams SR, Cash E, Daup M, Geronimi EMC, Sephton SE, Woodruff-Borden J. Exploring patterns in cortisol synchrony among anxious and nonanxious mother and child dyads: a preliminary study. Biol Psychol 2013; 93:287-95. [PMID: 23511898 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Given that anxiety is highly familial, the current pilot study explored the association between anxiety diagnosis and diurnal cortisol rhythm in mother-child dyads with the hypothesis that a predisposition toward homogenous cortisol profiles may partially explain the familial linkage of anxiety. The role of family environment in stress response was also examined. Participants were 27 mother-child dyads. Results indicated that patterns of cortisol secretion between mother and child are synchronous. Maternal anxiety and aspects of family functioning significantly predicted child awakening cortisol pattern. Further, affective involvement and gender of the child significantly predicted mother-child diurnal cortisol secretion synchrony. These findings provide support for the degree of synchrony in patterns of physiological responsiveness between mother and child, as well as the importance of a child's affective environment in the prediction of a diagnosis of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Williams
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, 317 Life Sciences, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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Suen G, Teiling C, Li L, Holt C, Abouheif E, Bornberg-Bauer E, Bouffard P, Caldera EJ, Cash E, Cavanaugh A, Denas O, Elhaik E, Favé MJ, Gadau J, Gibson JD, Graur D, Grubbs KJ, Hagen DE, Harkins TT, Helmkampf M, Hu H, Johnson BR, Kim J, Marsh SE, Moeller JA, Muñoz-Torres MC, Murphy MC, Naughton MC, Nigam S, Overson R, Rajakumar R, Reese JT, Scott JJ, Smith CR, Tao S, Tsutsui ND, Viljakainen L, Wissler L, Yandell MD, Zimmer F, Taylor J, Slater SC, Clifton SW, Warren WC, Elsik CG, Smith CD, Weinstock GM, Gerardo NM, Currie CR. The genome sequence of the leaf-cutter ant Atta cephalotes reveals insights into its obligate symbiotic lifestyle. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002007. [PMID: 21347285 PMCID: PMC3037820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf-cutter ants are one of the most important herbivorous insects in the Neotropics, harvesting vast quantities of fresh leaf material. The ants use leaves to cultivate a fungus that serves as the colony's primary food source. This obligate ant-fungus mutualism is one of the few occurrences of farming by non-humans and likely facilitated the formation of their massive colonies. Mature leaf-cutter ant colonies contain millions of workers ranging in size from small garden tenders to large soldiers, resulting in one of the most complex polymorphic caste systems within ants. To begin uncovering the genomic underpinnings of this system, we sequenced the genome of Atta cephalotes using 454 pyrosequencing. One prediction from this ant's lifestyle is that it has undergone genetic modifications that reflect its obligate dependence on the fungus for nutrients. Analysis of this genome sequence is consistent with this hypothesis, as we find evidence for reductions in genes related to nutrient acquisition. These include extensive reductions in serine proteases (which are likely unnecessary because proteolysis is not a primary mechanism used to process nutrients obtained from the fungus), a loss of genes involved in arginine biosynthesis (suggesting that this amino acid is obtained from the fungus), and the absence of a hexamerin (which sequesters amino acids during larval development in other insects). Following recent reports of genome sequences from other insects that engage in symbioses with beneficial microbes, the A. cephalotes genome provides new insights into the symbiotic lifestyle of this ant and advances our understanding of host-microbe symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garret Suen
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.
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Lu HM, Cash E, Chen MH, Chin L, Manning WJ, Harris J, Bornstein B. Reduction of cardiac volume in left-breast treatment fields by respiratory maneuvers: a CT study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000; 47:895-904. [PMID: 10863057 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(00)00512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A previous study of healthy female volunteers suggested that deep inspiratory breath holding can reduce the cardiac volume in the treatment portals for left-breast cancer treatment. The reduction of irradiated cardiac volume may be important considering the reported late cardiac morbidity and mortality and the frequent coexistent use of potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. In the present study, we evaluated the heart volume in the fields and, thus, the true benefit of this respiratory maneuver in breast cancer patients undergoing CT simulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen patients (median age, 53) were studied. For each patient, CT scans were performed both when the patient breathed normally (quiet respiration) and when the patient held her breath after a deep inspiration. Tangential fields were planned using the same medial, lateral, superior, and inferior borders on skin for the normal breathing and the breath-holding configurations. The cardiac and left-lung volumes within the tangential fields were calculated for both breathing configurations. Multiple scan series were performed for the breath-holding configuration to provide a more accurate delineation of the cardiac tissue and to study the reproducibility of the patient's position between different cycles of deep inspiration. RESULTS None of the patients had difficulty holding her breath for 20 s. The cardiac volume in the field was reduced (-86 +/- 24%; p < 0.001) when patients held their breath after a deep inspiration compared to when breathing normally. For 7 patients (47%), deep inspiration moved the heart completely out of the radiation fields. The expansion of the lung tissue due to deep inspiration also increased the absolute lung volume in the tangential fields (183 cm(3) vs 97 cm(3), p < 0.001). However, the fractional volume of the left lung in the field was essentially unchanged. For all but 1 patient, the maximum difference between the external body contours from different breath holding cycles was 5 mm and occurred at the lateral aspect of the breast. At the medial aspect, as indicated by the position of the midline marker, the variations were well within the currently accepted tolerance for patient positioning during tangential treatment. CONCLUSIONS Deep-inspiration breath holding substantially reduces cardiac volume in the tangential fields for left-sided breast cancer treatment. The variation between patient positions at different cycles of breath holding was found to be reasonably small. Therefore, it appears feasible to reduce cardiac radiation by treating patients with intratreatment minifractions lasting 10-15 s while patients hold their breath.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Lu
- Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Lu H, Cash E, Nixon A, Berman S, Abner A, Hetelekidis S, Galper S, Lamb C, Kaplan I, Wong J, Stevenson M, Chin L, Harris J. 25 The impact of CT-simulation on the planning of tangential fields for left breast treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(99)90043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cash
- INSERM U283, Hopital Cochin, Université René Descartes, Paris, France
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Abstract
Influenza A viruses display T cell-independent polyclonal B cell-activating properties which are mediated by the B cell-superstimulatory envelope glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA). In this report, the receptor-binding requirements for B cell activation by influenza viruses were expected. Neuraminidase treatment of resting mature B cells from BALB/c mice abrogated late (proliferation/immunoglobulin synthesis), early (up-regulation of cell surface markers, including CD25, B220, and B7-1) and very-early events (homotypic adhesion) in virus-responding B lymphocytes. Similarly, pretreatment of murine responder cells with different inhibitors of N-glycosylation (tunicamycin, deoxymannojirimycin) significantly suppressed subsequent B lymphocyte activation by HA, but not control responses to lipopolysaccharide or anti-mu. Assays with chimeric HA transfectants, expressing the loop region of epitope B (amino acids 155-160) of the globular head of H2 (high B cell-stimulatory subtype) or H3 (medium-stimulatory subtype) on the protein backbone of a low-stimulatory subtype (H1) failed to alter the B cell-stimulatory activity of the virus, suggesting that the hypervariable loop region is not crucial in determining the B cell-activating properties of the protein. Collectively, our results imply that the B cell-superstimulatory function of influenza virus HA is not mediated by a direct protein/protein interaction, but via binding of HA to terminal sialic acid residues on cell surface receptor glycoproteins. These findings identify the influenza virus HA glycoprotein as the first viral lectin with lymphocyte-activating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Rott
- INSERM U. 283, Hôpital Cochin, Université René Descartes, Paris, France
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