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Oskolas H, Nogueira FCN, Domont GB, Yu KH, Semenov YR, Sorger P, Steinfelder E, Corps L, Schulz L, Wieslander E, Fenyö D, Kárpáti S, Holló P, Kemény LV, Döme B, Megyesfalvi Z, Pawłowski K, Nishimura T, Kwon H, Encarnación-Guevara S, Szasz AM, Veréb Z, Gyulai R, Németh IB, Appelqvist R, Rezeli M, Baldetorp B, Horvatovich P, Malmström J, Pla I, Sanchez A, Knudsen B, Kiss A, Malm J, Marko-Varga G, Gil J. Comprehensive biobanking strategy with clinical impact at the European Cancer Moonshot Lund Center. J Proteomics 2025; 316:105442. [PMID: 40246065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2025.105442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2025] [Revised: 03/26/2025] [Accepted: 04/12/2025] [Indexed: 04/19/2025]
Abstract
This white paper presents a comprehensive biobanking framework developed at the European Cancer Moonshot Lund Center that merges rigorous sample handling, advanced automation, and multi-omic analyses to accelerate precision oncology. Tumor and blood-based workflows, supported by automated fractionation systems and standardized protocols, ensure the collection of high-quality biospecimens suitable for proteomic, genomic, and metabolic studies. A robust informatics infrastructure, integrating LIMS, barcoding, and REDCap, supports end-to-end traceability and realtime data synchronization, thereby enriching each sample with critical clinical metadata. Proteogenomic integration lies at the core of this initiative, uncovering tumor- and blood-based molecular profiles that inform cancer heterogeneity, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Machine learning and AI-driven models further enhance these datasets by stratifying patient populations, predicting therapeutic responses, and expediting the discovery of actionable targets and companion biomarkers. This synergy between technology, automation, and high-dimensional data analytics enables individualized treatment strategies in melanoma, lung, and other cancer types. Aligned with international programs such as the Cancer Moonshot and the ICPC, the Lund Center's approach fosters open collaboration and data sharing on a global scale. This scalable, patient-centric biobanking paradigm provides an adaptable model for institutions aiming to unify clinical, molecular, and computational resources for transformative cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriett Oskolas
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Fábio C N Nogueira
- Research Center for Precision Medicine, IBCCF & Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilberto B Domont
- Research Center for Precision Medicine, IBCCF & Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kun-Hsing Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yevgeniy R Semenov
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Sorger
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvrad Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Les Corps
- Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elisabet Wieslander
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - David Fenyö
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Sarolta Kárpáti
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermato oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Holló
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermato oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lajos V Kemény
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermato oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physiology, HCEMM-SU Translational Dermatology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balazs Döme
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Sweden; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Megyesfalvi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krzysztof Pawłowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, TX, USA
| | | | - HoJeong Kwon
- Chemical Genomics Global Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - A Marcell Szasz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Veréb
- University Hospital Szeged Biobank, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rolland Gyulai
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Balázs Németh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roger Appelqvist
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Bo Baldetorp
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Horvatovich
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Malmström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; BioMS, Department of Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Indira Pla
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Aniel Sanchez
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Beatrice Knudsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - András Kiss
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Johan Malm
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Board of Directors, Japan Society of Clinical Proteogenomics, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; 1st Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeovanis Gil
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Sweden.
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Zhai X, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Wu Y, Zhen C, Liu Y, Lin Y, Chen C. Current and future therapies for small cell lung carcinoma. J Hematol Oncol 2025; 18:37. [PMID: 40170056 PMCID: PMC11959764 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-025-01690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2025] [Accepted: 03/14/2025] [Indexed: 04/03/2025] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by rapid proliferation and high metastatic potential. It is characterized by universal inactivation of and RB1, overexpression of the MYC family and dysregulation of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. Among different patients, SCLCs are similar at the genetic level but exhibit significant heterogeneity at the molecular level. The classification of SCLC has evolved from a simple neuroendocrine (NE)/non-neuroendocrine (non-NE) classification system to a transcription factor-based molecular subtype system; lineage plasticity adds further complexity and poses challenges for therapeutic development. While SCLC is initially sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy, resistance develops rapidly, leading to a dismal prognosis. Various antibodies, including PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and antibody‒drug conjugates, have been introduced into clinical practice or are being evaluated in clinical trials. However, their therapeutic benefits for SCLC patients remain limited. This review summarizes SCLC carcinogenic mechanisms, tumor heterogeneity, and the immune microenvironment of SCLC, with a focus on recent advances in metastasis and resistance mechanisms. Additionally, the corresponding clinical progress in tackling these challenges is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhai
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 1, Keyuan 4th Road, Gaopeng Avenue, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanmou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Zhen
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 1, Keyuan 4th Road, Gaopeng Avenue, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yiyun Lin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 1, Keyuan 4th Road, Gaopeng Avenue, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Sztankovics D, Szalai F, Moldvai D, Dankó T, Scheich B, Pápay J, Sebestyén A, Krencz I. Comparison of molecular subtype composition between independent sets of primary and brain metastatic small cell lung carcinoma and matched samples. Lung Cancer 2025; 199:108071. [PMID: 39721126 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2024.108071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2024] [Revised: 11/14/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent advances in the subclassification of small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs) may help to overcome the unmet need for targeted therapies and improve survival. However, limited information is available on how the expression of the subtype markers changes during tumour progression. Our study aimed to compare the expression of these markers in primary and brain metastatic SCLCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of the subtype markers was performed on 120 SCLCs (including 10 matched samples) and SCLC xenografts. RESULTS Compared to primary SCLCs, there was a significant increase in the proportion of mixed subtypes in brain metastases, with a rate of ASCL1high/NeuroD1high and ASCL1high/NeuroD1high/YAP1high subtypes increasing to 48 % and 18 %, respectively. The subtype of the paired samples matched in only one-third of the cases. Although we did not observe a significant change after chemotherapy, a continuous decrease in ASCL1 expression coupled with an increase in the NeuroD1 expression was detected in the xenografts in a long-term experiment. DISCUSSION Our results indicate that the expression of subtype markers frequently changes during disease progression, and subtype analysis of the primary SCLC may not provide accurate information about the characteristics of the recurrent or metastatic tumour. Therefore, repeated sampling and subtyping may be necessary for subtype-specific targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Sztankovics
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői, út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fatime Szalai
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői, út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Moldvai
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői, út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Titanilla Dankó
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői, út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Scheich
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői, út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Pápay
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői, út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Sebestyén
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői, út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Krencz
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői, út 26., H-1085 Budapest, Hungary.
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Ren Z, Shang S, Chen D. Recent advances in immunotherapy for small cell lung cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 2024:00001622-990000000-00220. [PMID: 39526685 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000001105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to provide an overview of recent advances in immunotherapy for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), with a focus on the current status of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), novel combination strategies, and key biomarkers. RECENT FINDINGS The integration of ICIs into standard chemotherapy has established them as the first-line treatment for extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC). The ADRIATIC trial further demonstrated the efficacy of ICI maintenance therapy in limited-stage SCLC. Additionally, combining radiotherapy with ICIs has shown promising synergistic effects, including the abscopal and radscopal effects. Ongoing investigations into the combination of ICIs with targeted therapies, such as antiangiogenic agents and DNA damage response inhibitors, have yielded encouraging preliminary results. Notably, the novel therapeutic agent tarlatamab, the first bispecific DLL3-directed CD3 T-cell engager, has recently received FDA approval for second-line treatment of ES-SCLC. Advances in omics technologies have shed light on the intra-tumor and inter-tumor heterogeneity of SCLC, leading to the identification of new molecular subtypes and biomarkers, thereby paving the way for precision medicine. SUMMARY Despite the improved outcomes associated with immunotherapy in SCLC, the overall clinical benefit remains modest. Further preclinical and clinical studies are essential to identify optimal treatment regimens and enhance therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Ozakinci H, Alontaga AY, Cano P, Koomen JM, Perez BA, Beg AA, Chiappori AA, Haura EB, Boyle TA. Unveiling the Molecular Features of SCLC With a Clinical RNA Expression Panel. JTO Clin Res Rep 2024; 5:100723. [PMID: 39386315 PMCID: PMC11459576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2024.100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The translation of gene expression profiles of SCLC to clinical testing remains relatively unexplored. In this study, gene expression variations in SCLC were evaluated to identify potential biomarkers. Methods RNA expression profiling was performed on 44 tumor samples from 35 patients diagnosed with SCLC using the clinically validated RNA Salah Targeted Expression Panel (RNA STEP). RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and immunohistochemistry were performed on two different SCLC cohorts, and correlation analyses were performed for the ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3, and YAP1 genes and their corresponding proteins. RNA STEP and RNA-Seq results were evaluated for gene expression profiles and heterogeneity between SCLC primary and metastatic sites. RNA STEP gene expression profiles of independent SCLC samples (n = 35) were compared with lung adenocarcinoma (n = 160) and squamous cell carcinoma results (n = 25). Results The RNA STEP results were highly correlated with RNA-Seq and immunohistochemistry results. The dominant transcription regulator by RNA STEP was ASCL1 in 74.2% of the samples, NEUROD1 in 20%, and POU2F3 in 2.9%. The ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3 gene expression profiles were heterogeneous between primary and metastatic sites. SCLCs displayed markedly high expression for targetable genes DLL3, EZH2, TERT, and RET. SCLCs were found to have relatively colder immune profiles than lung adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, characterized by lower expression of HLA genes, immune cell, and immune checkpoint genes, except the LAG3 gene. Conclusions Clinical-grade SCLC RNA expression profiling has value for SCLC subtyping, design of clinical trials, and identification of patients for trials and potential targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ozakinci
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Aileen Y. Alontaga
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Pedro Cano
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - John M. Koomen
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Bradford A. Perez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute, Trinity Cancer Center, Trinity, Florida
| | - Amer A. Beg
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Alberto A. Chiappori
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Eric B. Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Theresa A. Boyle
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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Sen T, Takahashi N, Chakraborty S, Takebe N, Nassar AH, Karim NA, Puri S, Naqash AR. Emerging advances in defining the molecular and therapeutic landscape of small-cell lung cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:610-627. [PMID: 38965396 PMCID: PMC11875021 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) has traditionally been considered a recalcitrant cancer with a dismal prognosis, with only modest advances in therapeutic strategies over the past several decades. Comprehensive genomic assessments of SCLC have revealed that most of these tumours harbour deletions of the tumour-suppressor genes TP53 and RB1 but, in contrast to non-small-cell lung cancer, have failed to identify targetable alterations. The expression status of four transcription factors with key roles in SCLC pathogenesis defines distinct molecular subtypes of the disease, potentially enabling specific therapeutic approaches. Overexpression and amplification of MYC paralogues also affect the biology and therapeutic vulnerabilities of SCLC. Several other attractive targets have emerged in the past few years, including inhibitors of DNA-damage-response pathways, epigenetic modifiers, antibody-drug conjugates and chimeric antigen receptor T cells. However, the rapid development of therapeutic resistance and lack of biomarkers for effective selection of patients with SCLC are ongoing challenges. Emerging single-cell RNA sequencing data are providing insights into the plasticity and intratumoural and intertumoural heterogeneity of SCLC that might be associated with therapeutic resistance. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in genomic and transcriptomic characterization of SCLC with a particular focus on opportunities for translation into new therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triparna Sen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Subhamoy Chakraborty
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amin H Nassar
- Division of Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nagla A Karim
- Inova Schar Cancer Institute Virginia, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Sonam Puri
- Division of Medical Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Abdul Rafeh Naqash
- Medical Oncology/ TSET Phase 1 program, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Solta A, Ernhofer B, Boettiger K, Megyesfalvi Z, Heeke S, Hoda MA, Lang C, Aigner C, Hirsch FR, Schelch K, Döme B. Small cells - big issues: biological implications and preclinical advancements in small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:41. [PMID: 38395864 PMCID: PMC10893629 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Current treatment guidelines refer to small cell lung cancer (SCLC), one of the deadliest human malignancies, as a homogeneous disease. Accordingly, SCLC therapy comprises chemoradiation with or without immunotherapy. Meanwhile, recent studies have made significant advances in subclassifying SCLC based on the elevated expression of the transcription factors ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3, as well as on certain inflammatory characteristics. The role of the transcription regulator YAP1 in defining a unique SCLC subset remains to be established. Although preclinical analyses have described numerous subtype-specific characteristics and vulnerabilities, the so far non-existing clinical subtype distinction may be a contributor to negative clinical trial outcomes. This comprehensive review aims to provide a framework for the development of novel personalized therapeutic approaches by compiling the most recent discoveries achieved by preclinical SCLC research. We highlight the challenges faced due to limited access to patient material as well as the advances accomplished by implementing state-of-the-art models and methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Solta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Büsra Ernhofer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristiina Boettiger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsolt Megyesfalvi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Simon Heeke
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mir Alireza Hoda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Lang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Aigner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Mount Sinai Health System, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Karin Schelch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Balazs Döme
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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