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Chen HC, Feng WW, Audira G, Kurnia KA, Hung SH, Castillo AL, Roldan MJM, Hsiao CD, Hung CH. Evaluation of sub-chronic toxicity of melamine via systematic or oral delivery in adult zebrafish based on behavioral endpoints. Neurotoxicology 2024; 102:68-80. [PMID: 38599288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Melamine-tainted products have been found in the market and raised issues about food safety. Recent studies done in rodents and humans demonstrated the toxicities of melamine, especially in causing kidney damage and bladder stone formation. However, very few studies assessed its behavior toxicity in organisms, including fish. Therefore, in this study, the researchers aim to determine whether sub-chronic exposure to melamine via oral and systematic administration could induce behavioral abnormality in zebrafish. After 14 days of systematic exposure to melamine at doses of 0.1 and 10 ppm levels, zebrafish were subjected to multiple behavioral assays. Results from both exposure routes showed that melamine indeed slightly increased fish locomotion and altered their exploratory behaviors in the novel tank assay. Furthermore, tightened shoaling formation was also displayed by the treated fish in the waterborne exposure group. However, melamine exposure did not cause any obvious alterations in fish behaviors during other behavioral tests. In addition, in comparison with previously published data on the behavior toxicities of several solvents in zebrafish, our phenomic analysis suggests the relatively low behavior toxicities of melamine via either systematic exposure or oral administration to zebrafish compared to those solvents. Nevertheless, our data indicate that the potential neurotoxicity of chronic low-dose melamine should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chao Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Da-Shu, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan; Dr. Feng's Dermatology Clinic, Kaohsiung 811022, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Feng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Da-Shu, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan; Dr. Feng's Dermatology Clinic, Kaohsiung 811022, Taiwan
| | - Gilbert Audira
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Adi Kurnia
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - San-Ho Hung
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fooyin University, 151 Jinxue Rd., Daliao Dist., Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan; Department of Radiology, Fooyin University Hospital, No. 5, Zhongshan Road, Donggang Township, Pingtung 92847, Taiwan
| | - Agnes L Castillo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Graduate School and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
| | - Marri Jmelou M Roldan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; Research Center for Aquatic Toxicology and Pharmacology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsin Hung
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Da-Shu, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan.
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Jovanovic M, Zivaljevic V, Sipetic Grujicic S, Tausanovic K, Slijepcevic N, Rovcanin B, Jovanovic K, Odalovic B, Buzejic M, Bukumiric Z, Paunovic I. Effects of successful parathyroidectomy on neuropsychological and cognitive status in patients with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. Endocrine 2023; 81:592-601. [PMID: 37340287 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Besides typical clinical symptoms, primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is associated with impaired quality of life and cognitive status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life and cognitive impairment in patients with pHPT, before and after parathyroidectomy. METHODS We conducted a panel study, which included asymptomatic pHPT patients scheduled for parathyroidectomy. Besides demographic and clinical data, patients' quality of life and cognitive capacity were recorded before, 1 month, and 6 months following parathyroidectomy using the Short Form 36 questionnaire (RAND-36), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Symptom Check List 90-revised version (SCL90R). RESULTS During a 2-year follow-up, 101 patients entered the study (88 women), with an average age of 60.7 years. The Global score of RAND-36 test ameliorated by almost 50% 6 months after parathyroidectomy. The most sustained subscores of the RAND-36 test were role functioning/physical and health change, with an improvement of more than 125%. According to the BDI, DASS depression subscore, and SCL90R depression subscore, the extent of depressive symptoms reduction was approximately 60% 6 months postoperatively. The level of anxiety was reduced by 62.4%, measured by both the DASS and SCL90R anxiety subscores. The stress level was almost halved according to the DASS stress subscore (from 10.7 to 5.6 points). The results of the MMSE test showed a significant improvement postoperatively, for 1.2 points (4.4%). A worse preoperative score of each tool was related to the higher magnitude of improvement 6 months after parathyroidectomy. CONCLUSION A considerable number of pHPT patients, even without other typical symptoms, show signs of impaired quality of life and neurocognitive status preoperatively. After a successful parathyroidectomy, there is an improvement in quality of life, declined levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as amelioration of cognitive status. Patients with more impaired quality of life and pronounced neurocognitive symptoms may expect more benefits from the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Jovanovic
- Clinic for Endocrine Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vladan Zivaljevic
- Clinic for Endocrine Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Katarina Tausanovic
- Clinic for Endocrine Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Slijepcevic
- Clinic for Endocrine Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Rovcanin
- Clinic for Endocrine Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ksenija Jovanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Center for Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bozidar Odalovic
- Clinic for Endocrine Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine Pristina/K. Mitrovica, University of Pristina/K. Mitrovica, K. Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Matija Buzejic
- Clinic for Endocrine Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Bukumiric
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Paunovic
- Clinic for Endocrine Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Korie GC, Sallau AB, Kanu B, Kia GSN, Kwaga JKP. Rabies virus infection is associated with variations in calbindin D-28K and calretinin mRNA expression levels in mouse brain tissue. Arch Virol 2023; 168:143. [PMID: 37069450 PMCID: PMC10110483 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV) infection leads to a fatal neurological outcome in humans and animals and is associated with major alterations in cellular gene expression. In this study, we describe the effects of RABV infection on the mRNA expression levels of two genes, encoding the Ca2+-binding proteins (Ca-BPs) calbindin D-28K (Calb1) and calretinin (Calb2), in the brains of BALB/c mice. Sixty 4-week-old mice were divided into two test groups and one control group. Mice were inoculated intramuscularly with either a street rabies virus (SRV) strain or a challenge virus standard (CVS-11) strain and sacrificed at 3-day intervals up to day 18 postinfection. A direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT) was used to verify the presence of RABV antigen in brain tissues, and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was used to assess gene expression. Infection with both RABV strains resulted in significant (p < 0.05) increases in Calb1 and Calb2 expression in the test animals when compared with the controls at various time points in the study. Correlation analysis indicated very weak insignificant (p > 0.05) negative and positive relationships, respectively, between Calb1 expression (r = -0.04) and Calb2 expression (r = 0.08) with viral load (CVS-11 strain). Insignificant (p > 0.05) relationships were also observed Calb1 expression (r = -0.28) and Calb2 expression (r = 0.06) and viral load for the SRV strain.The observed alterations in Calb1 and Calb2 expression in this study indicate possible impairments in neuronal Ca2+ buffering and Ca2+ homeostasis as a result of RABV infection and, consequently, possible involvement of calbindin-D28K and calretinin in the neuropathogenesis of rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Korie
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- African Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University Centre, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi B Sallau
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
- African Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University Centre, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
| | - Brenda Kanu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- African Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University Centre, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Grace S N Kia
- African Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University Centre, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Jacob K P Kwaga
- African Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University Centre, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
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Chandran M, Yeh LTL, de Jong MC, Bilezikian JP, Parameswaran R. Cognitive deficits in primary hyperparathyroidism - what we know and what we do not know: A narrative review. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:1079-1087. [PMID: 35994179 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09750-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Classic symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) are seen in approximately 20% of patients. While features such as kidney stones and skeletal disease are often highlighted as directly related to the disease, others can be even more prevalent. For example, cognitive dysfunction and reduced quality of life are common complaints in many patients, even among those who are classified as being asymptomatic. The pathophysiology of PHPT involves the impact of excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) on calcium metabolism. Referencing putative neurocognitive issues, many animal studies have illustrated the potential roles of PTH and PTH receptors in the brain. Functional imaging and pre-and post-parathyroidectomy studies have suggested a link between the neuronal impact of elevated PTH levels on specific functional aspects of the central nervous system, such as cognition. Confounding a direct role for PTH are hypercalcemia and vitamin D deficiency, both of which could conceivably alter CNS function in PHPT. The lack of strong evidence that parathyroidectomy improves cognition in patients with PHPT raises the question as to whether parathyroid surgery should be recommended on this basis alone. This narrative review summarizes the available literature on neurocognitive function in PHPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Chandran
- Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
- DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Lydia Tan Li Yeh
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mechteld C de Jong
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John P Bilezikian
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Rajeev Parameswaran
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, National University Hospital System, Singapore, Singapore
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Zonneveld MH, Abbel D, le Cessie S, Jukema JW, Noordam R, Trompet S. Cardiac Troponin, Cognitive Function, and Dementia: A Systematic Review. Aging Dis 2022; 14:386-397. [PMID: 37008066 PMCID: PMC10017151 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated cardiac troponin, a biomarker of myocardial injury, has been found in individuals with brain damage and lower cognitive function. We conducted a systematic review to examine the association of troponin with cognitive function, incidence of dementia and dementia-related outcomes. PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched from inception to August 2022. Inclusion criteria were: (i) population-based cohort studies; (ii) troponin measured as determinant; and (iii) cognitive function in any metric or diagnosis of any type of dementia or dementia-related measures as outcomes. Fourteen studies were identified and included, with a combined total of 38,286 participants. Of these studies, four examined dementia-related outcomes, eight studies examined cognitive function, and two studies examined both dementia-related outcomes and cognitive function. Studies report higher troponin to be associated with higher prevalence of cognitive impairment (n=1), incident dementia (n=1), increased risk of dementia hospitalization (specifically due to vascular dementia) (n=1), but not with incident Alzheimer's Disease (n=2). Majority of studies on cognitive function found elevated troponin also associated with worse global cognitive function (n=3), attention (n=2), reaction time (n=1) and visuomotor speed (n=1), both cross-sectionally and prospectively. Evidence regarding the association between higher troponin and memory, executive function, processing speed, language and visuospatial function was mixed. This was the first systematic review on the association between troponin, cognitive function, and dementia. Higher troponin is associated with subclinical cerebrovascular damage and might act as a risk-marker of cognitive vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle H Zonneveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Michelle Zonneveld, M.S., Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Denise Abbel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Saskia le Cessie
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - J. Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Kanu B, Kia GSN, Aimola IA, Korie GC, Tekki IS. Rabies virus infection is associated with alterations in the expression of parvalbumin and secretagogin in mice brain. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1267-1275. [PMID: 33783673 PMCID: PMC8008021 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Infection with the deadly rabies virus (RABV) leads to alteration of cellular gene expression. The RABV, similar to other neurodegenerative diseases may be implicated in neuronal death due to an imbalance in Ca2+ homeostasis. Parvalbumin (PV) and Secretagogin (Scgn), two members of the Calcium-Binding Proteins (CBPs) are useful neuronal markers responsible for calcium regulation and buffering with possible protective roles against infections. This study investigated whether infection with rabies virus causes variance in expression levels of PV and Scgn using the Challenge virus standard (CVS) and Nigerian Street Rabies virus (SRV) strains. Forty-eight, 4-week-old BALB/c mice strains were divided into two test groups and challenged with Rabies virus (RABV) infection and one control group. The presence of RABV antigen was verified by direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT) and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to assess PV and Scgn gene expression. Infection with both virus strains resulted in significant (p < 0.05) increases in expression during early infection. Mid-infection phase caused reduced expression for both genes. However, as infection progressed to the terminal phase, a lower increase in expression was measured. Gene expression and viral load correlation indicated no positive relationship. Neurons with these CBPs may have a greater capacity to buffer calcium and be more resistant to degenerative changes caused by RABV. This implies that, when PV and Scgn expression levels are kept adequately high, the integrity of neurons may be maintained and degeneration caused by RABV infection may be prevented or stopped, hence, these are possible constituents of effective rabies therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Kanu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University Centre, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
| | - Grace S N Kia
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University Centre, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Idowu A Aimola
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University Centre, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - George C Korie
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University Centre, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Ishaya S Tekki
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
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Astrocyte Intracellular Ca 2+and TrkB Signaling in the Hippocampus Could Be Involved in the Beneficial Behavioral Effects of Antidepressant Treatment. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:860-871. [PMID: 33616872 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although monoaminergic-based antidepressant drugs are largely used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), their mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Intracellular Ca2+ (iCa2+) and Calmodulin 1(CaM-1) homeostasis have been proposed to participate in the therapeutic effects of these compounds. We investigated whether intra-hippocampal inhibition of CaM-1 would modulate the behavioral responses to chronic treatment with imipramine (IMI) or 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a selective inhibitor of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) enzyme that shows antidepressant-like effects. We also investigated the interactions of IMI and CaM-1 on transient astrocyte iCa2+ evoked by glutamate stimuli. Intra-hippocampal microinjection of the lentiviral delivered (LV) short hairpin iRNA-driven against the CaM-1 mRNA (LV-shRNA-CaM-1) or the CaM-1 inhibitor N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulphonamide (W-7) blocked the antidepressant-like effect of chronic treatment with IMI or 7-NI. The shRNA also inhibited the mRNA expression of the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) in the microinjection region. The iCa2+ in ex vivo hippocampus slices stained with fluorescent Ca2+indicator Oregon Green 488 BAPTA-1 revealed that IMI increased the intensity and duration of iCa2+ oscillation and reduced the number of events evoked by glutamate stimuli, evaluated by using CCD imaging and the % ΔF/Fo parameters. The pre-treatment with W-7 fully antagonized this effect. The present results indicate that the behavioral benefits of chronic antidepressant treatment might be associated with astrocyte intracellular Ca2+dynamics and TrkB mRNA expression in the hippocampus.
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Calsolaro V, Bottari M, Coppini G, Lemmi B, Monzani F. Endocrine dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2021; 46:335-349. [PMID: 33435644 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.20.03295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is a highly prevalent chronic disease among the older population, affecting more than 50 million people worldwide and representing a huge healthcare, social and economic burden. Dementia, and in particular Alzheimer's disease, prevalence is expected to raise within the next few years. Unfortunately, no disease-modifying therapies are available so far, despite a plethora of clinical trials targeting the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Given these premises, it appears crucial to address not only the neuropathological correlates of the disease, but also the modifiable risk factors. Among them, evidence suggest a role of the endocrine system not only in the brain development, but also in the maintenance of its health, having neurotrophic, antioxidant and metabolic functions crucial for the cognitive abilities. This review focuses on the evidence evaluating the impact of the endocrine systems, in particular thyroid function, insulin resistance, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D and sexual hormones on cognitive status. Results from epidemiological, preclinical and some clinical studies demonstrated the link between thyroid, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D and cognitive status, between diabetes, and insulin resistance in particular, and dementia, between sexual and adrenal hormones, particularly estrogen variation at menopause, and cognitive decline. The growing interest on the modifiable risks factors of cognitive decline increased the knowledge about the complex interplay of endocrine systems and cognition, highlighting the need and the usefulness of a multidisciplinary approach to the prevention of a complex and devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calsolaro
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marina Bottari
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Coppini
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Bianca Lemmi
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Monzani
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy -
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Sato Y, Takiguchi M, Tamano H, Takeda A. Extracellular Zn 2+-Dependent Amyloid-β 1-42 Neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:53-61. [PMID: 32281074 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02131-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The basal level of extracellular Zn2+ is in the range of low nanomolar (~ 10 nM) in the hippocampus. However, extracellular Zn2+ dynamics plays a key role for not only cognitive activity but also cognitive decline. Extracellular Zn2+ dynamics is modified by glutamatergic synapse excitation and the presence of amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42), a causative peptide in Alzheimer's disease (AD). When human Aβ1-42 reaches high picomolar (> 100 pM) in the extracellular compartment of the rat dentate gyrus, Zn-Aβ1-42 complexes are readily formed and taken up into dentate granule cells, followed by Aβ1-42-induced cognitive decline that is linked with Zn2+ released from intracellular Zn-Aβ1-42 complexes. Aβ1-42-induced intracellular Zn2+ toxicity is accelerated with aging because of age-related increase in extracellular Zn2+. The recent findings suggest that Aβ1-42 secreted continuously from neuron terminals causes age-related cognitive decline and neurodegeneration via intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation. On the other hand, metallothioneins (MTs), zinc-binding proteins, quickly serve for intracellular Zn2+-buffering under acute intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation. On the basis of the idea that the defense strategy against Aβ1-42-induced pathogenesis leads to preventing the AD development, this review deals with extracellular Zn2+-dependent Aβ1-42 neurotoxicity, which is accelerated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Sato
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Mako Takiguchi
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Haruna Tamano
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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10
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Therapeutic potential of mangiferin in the treatment of various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Neurochem Int 2020; 143:104939. [PMID: 33346032 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Xanthones are important chemical class of bioactive products that confers therapeutic benefits. Of several xanthones, mangiferin is known to be distributed widely across several fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants. Mangiferin has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in both in-vitro and in-vivo models. Mangiferin attenuates cerebral infarction, cerebral edema, lipid peroxidation (MDA), neuronal damage, etc. Mangiferin further potentiate levels of endogenous antioxidants to confer protection against the oxidative stress inside the neurons. Mangiferin is involved in the regulation of various signaling pathways that influences the production and levels of proinflammatory cytokines in brain. Mangiferin cosunteracted the neurotoxic effect of amyloid-beta, MPTP, rotenone, 6-OHDA etc and confer protection to neurons. These evidence suggested that the mangiferin may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of various neurological disorders. The present review demonstrated the pharmacodynamics-pharmacokinetics of mangiferin and neurotherapeutic potential in several neurological disorders with underlying mechanisms.
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Goldberg J, Currais A, Ates G, Huang L, Shokhirev M, Maher P, Schubert D. Targeting of intracellular Ca 2+ stores as a therapeutic strategy against age-related neurotoxicities. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2020; 6:10. [PMID: 32884834 PMCID: PMC7445274 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-020-00048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium dysregulation often underlies pathologies associated with aging and age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Cells express a unique pattern of Ca2+ channels and pumps geared to fulfill specific physiological requirements and there is a decline in the fidelity of these processes with age and age-associated diseases. J147 is an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) drug candidate that was identified using a phenotypic screening platform based upon age-related brain toxicities that are mediated by changes in calcium metabolism. The molecular target for J147 is the α-F1-ATP synthase (ATP5A). J147 has therapeutic efficacy in multiple mouse models of AD and accelerated aging and extends life span in flies. A bioinformatics analysis of gene expression in rapidly aging SAMP8 mice during the last quadrant of their life span shows that J147 has a significant effect on ion transport pathways that are changed with aging, making their expression look more like that of younger animals. The molecular basis of these changes was then investigated in cell culture neurotoxicity assays that were the primary screen in the development of J147. Here we show that J147 and its molecular target, ATP synthase, regulate the maintenance of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and cell death during acute neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Goldberg
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Antonio Currais
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Gamze Ates
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Ling Huang
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Maxim Shokhirev
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Pamela Maher
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - David Schubert
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
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12
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Steardo L, Luciano M, Sampogna G, Carbone EA, Caivano V, Di Cerbo A, Giallonardo V, Palummo C, Vece A, Del Vecchio V, De Fazio P, Fiorillo A. Clinical Severity and Calcium Metabolism in Patients with Bipolar Disorder. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10070417. [PMID: 32630307 PMCID: PMC7408522 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10070417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D and serum calcium play a key role in several physiological and pathological conditions. Vitamin D and PTH receptors are largely expressed in the central nervous system and are involved in the modulation of inflammatory responses. Few studies investigated the association between calcium homeostasis imbalance and psychiatric disorders. This study aims to assess calcium homeostasis imbalance in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and its impact on clinical outcome. We recruited 199 patients with BD, who were administered with validated assessment instruments to investigate depressive, manic and anxiety symptoms, affective temperaments, childhood trauma and global functioning. Serum calcium, vitamin D and PTH levels were assessed in all patients. Levels of PTH correlated with several clinical characteristics, including the diagnosis of bipolar disorder type I (BD-I), the presence of psychotic symptoms, lithium treatment, suicidality, total number of acute episodes and of hospitalizations (p < 0.0001) and seasonality (p < 0.05). At the regression analyses, higher levels of PTH were predicted by early age at onset, number of hospitalizations, aggressive behaviors (p < 0.05), higher Childhood Trauma Questionnaire total score (CTQ) (p < 0.001) and treatment with lithium (p = 0.01). Our findings suggest that the calcium homeostasis could play a role in BD patients, and that PTH levels are correlated with the clinical severity of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Steardo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (A.D.C.); (V.G.); (C.P.); (A.V.); (V.D.V.); (A.F.)
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.A.C.); (P.D.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0961712801 or +39-3208612071
| | - Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (A.D.C.); (V.G.); (C.P.); (A.V.); (V.D.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (A.D.C.); (V.G.); (C.P.); (A.V.); (V.D.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Elvira Anna Carbone
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.A.C.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Vito Caivano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (A.D.C.); (V.G.); (C.P.); (A.V.); (V.D.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Arcangelo Di Cerbo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (A.D.C.); (V.G.); (C.P.); (A.V.); (V.D.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Giallonardo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (A.D.C.); (V.G.); (C.P.); (A.V.); (V.D.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Carmela Palummo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (A.D.C.); (V.G.); (C.P.); (A.V.); (V.D.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Alfonso Vece
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (A.D.C.); (V.G.); (C.P.); (A.V.); (V.D.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Valeria Del Vecchio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (A.D.C.); (V.G.); (C.P.); (A.V.); (V.D.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Pasquale De Fazio
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.A.C.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (A.D.C.); (V.G.); (C.P.); (A.V.); (V.D.V.); (A.F.)
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Atsushi T, Tamano H. New insight into Parkinson's disease pathogenesis from reactive oxygen species-mediated extracellular Zn 2+ influx. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126545. [PMID: 32438294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly characterized by motor symptoms such as tremors, which is caused by selective loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons. Oxidative stress induced by the auto-oxidation of dopamine has been implicated as a key cause of the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons. METHODS To understand the selective loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons, the PD pathogenesis is reviewed focused on paraquat (PQ) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD in rats. RESULTS Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced by PQ and 6-OHDA, are retrogradely transported to presynaptic glutamatergic neuron terminals. ROS activate presynaptic transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) cation channels and induce extracellular glutamate accumulation in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), followed by age-related intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation. Loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons is accelerated by age-related intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation in the SNpc of rat PD models. The intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation in nigral dopaminergic neurons is linked with the rapid influx of extracellular Zn2+ via postsynaptic AMPA receptor activation, suggesting that PQ- and 6-OHDA-induced pathogenesis is linked with age-related intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation in the SNpc. Postsynaptic TRPM2 channels may be also involved in intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation in the SNpc. CONCLUSION A novel mechanism of nigral dopaminergic degeneration, in which ROS induce rapid intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation, figures out the PD pathogenesis induced by PQ and 6-OHDA in rats. This review deals with new insight into PD pathogenesis from ROS-mediated extracellular Zn2+ influx and its proposed defense strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeda Atsushi
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Haruna Tamano
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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14
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Ibañez S, Luebke JI, Chang W, Draguljić D, Weaver CM. Network Models Predict That Pyramidal Neuron Hyperexcitability and Synapse Loss in the dlPFC Lead to Age-Related Spatial Working Memory Impairment in Rhesus Monkeys. Front Comput Neurosci 2020; 13:89. [PMID: 32009920 PMCID: PMC6979278 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2019.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral studies have shown spatial working memory impairment with aging in several animal species, including humans. Persistent activity of layer 3 pyramidal dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) neurons during delay periods of working memory tasks is important for encoding memory of the stimulus. In vitro studies have shown that these neurons undergo significant age-related structural and functional changes, but the extent to which these changes affect neural mechanisms underlying spatial working memory is not understood fully. Here, we confirm previous studies showing impairment on the Delayed Recognition Span Task in the spatial condition (DRSTsp), and increased in vitro action potential firing rates (hyperexcitability), across the adult life span of the rhesus monkey. We use a bump attractor model to predict how empirically observed changes in the aging dlPFC affect performance on the Delayed Response Task (DRT), and introduce a model of memory retention in the DRSTsp. Persistent activity-and, in turn, cognitive performance-in both models was affected much more by hyperexcitability of pyramidal neurons than by a loss of synapses. Our DRT simulations predict that additional changes to the network, such as increased firing of inhibitory interneurons, are needed to account for lower firing rates during the DRT with aging reported in vivo. Synaptic facilitation was an essential feature of the DRSTsp model, but it did not compensate fully for the effects of the other age-related changes on DRT performance. Modeling pyramidal neuron hyperexcitability and synapse loss simultaneously led to a partial recovery of function in both tasks, with the simulated level of DRSTsp impairment similar to that observed in aging monkeys. This modeling work integrates empirical data across multiple scales, from synapse counts to cognitive testing, to further our understanding of aging in non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ibañez
- Department of Mathematics, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer I. Luebke
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wayne Chang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Danel Draguljić
- Department of Mathematics, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, United States
| | - Christina M. Weaver
- Department of Mathematics, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, United States
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15
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Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal, inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the huntingtin gene (HTT). While mutant HTT is present ubiquitously throughout life, HD onset typically occurs in mid-life, suggesting that aging may play an active role in pathogenesis. Cellular aging is defined as the slow decline in stress resistance and accumulation of damage over time. While different cells and tissues can age at different rates, 9 hallmarks of aging have emerged to better define the cellular aging process. Strikingly, many of the hallmarks of aging are also hallmarks of HD pathology. Models of HD and HD patients possess markers of accelerated aging, and processes that decline during aging also decline at a more rapid rate in HD, further implicating the role of aging in HD pathogenesis. Furthermore, accelerating aging in HD mouse and patient-derived neurons unmasks HD-specific phenotypes, suggesting an active role for the aging process in the onset and progression of HD. Here, we review the overlap between the hallmarks of aging and HD and discuss how aging may contribute to pathogenesis in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Machiela
- University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Amber L. Southwell
- University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Orlando, FL, USA
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16
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Experiments in macaque monkeys provide critical insights into age-associated changes in cognitive and sensory function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:26247-26254. [PMID: 31871147 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902279116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of animal models in brain aging research has led to numerous fundamental insights into the neurobiological processes that underlie changes in brain function associated with normative aging. Macaque monkeys have become the predominant nonhuman primate model system in brain aging research due to their striking similarities to humans in their behavioral capacities, sensory processing abilities, and brain architecture. Recent public concern about nonhuman primate research has made it imperative to attempt to clearly articulate the potential benefits to human health that this model enables. The present review will highlight how nonhuman primates provide a critical bridge between experiments conducted in rodents and development of therapeutics for humans. Several studies discussed here exemplify how nonhuman primate research has enriched our understanding of cognitive and sensory decline in the aging brain, as well as how this work has been important for translating mechanistic implications derived from experiments conducted in rodents to human brain aging research.
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17
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Tamano H, Takeda A. Age-Dependent Modification of Intracellular Zn 2+ Buffering in the Hippocampus and Its Impact. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:1070-1075. [PMID: 31257282 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The basal concentrations of extracellular Zn2+ and intracellular Zn2+, which are approximately 10 nM and 100 pM, respectively, in the brain, are markedly lower than those of extracellular Ca2+ (1.3 mM) and intracellular Ca2+ (100 nM), respectively, resulting in much less attention paid to Zn2+ than to Ca2+. However, intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation, which is closely linked with glutamate- and amyloid β-mediated extracellular Zn2+ influx, is more critical for cognitive decline and neurodegeneration than intracellular Ca2+ dysregulation. It is estimated that the age-dependent increase in the basal concentration of extracellular Zn2+ in the hippocampus plays a key role in cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. The characteristics of extracellular Zn2+ influx in the hippocampus may be modified age-dependently, probably followed by modification of intracellular Zn2+ buffering that is closely linked with age-related cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Reduction of intracellular Zn2+-buffering capacity may be linked with the pathophysiology of progressive neurodegeneration such as Alzheimer's disease. This paper deals with age-dependent modification of intracellular Zn2+ buffering in the hippocampus and its impact. On the basis of the estimated impact, we propose a potential defense strategy against Zn2+-mediated neurodegeneration, i.e., metallothionein induction in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Tamano
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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18
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Boczek T, Radzik T, Ferenc B, Zylinska L. The Puzzling Role of Neuron-Specific PMCA Isoforms in the Aging Process. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246338. [PMID: 31888192 PMCID: PMC6941135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging process is a physiological phenomenon associated with progressive changes in metabolism, genes expression, and cellular resistance to stress. In neurons, one of the hallmarks of senescence is a disturbance of calcium homeostasis that may have far-reaching detrimental consequences on neuronal physiology and function. Among several proteins involved in calcium handling, plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) is the most sensitive calcium detector controlling calcium homeostasis. PMCA exists in four main isoforms and PMCA2 and PMCA3 are highly expressed in the brain. The overall effects of impaired calcium extrusion due to age-dependent decline of PMCA function seem to accumulate with age, increasing the susceptibility to neurotoxic insults. To analyze the PMCA role in neuronal cells, we have developed stable transfected differentiated PC12 lines with down-regulated PMCA2 or PMCA3 isoforms to mimic age-related changes. The resting Ca2+ increased in both PMCA-deficient lines affecting the expression of several Ca2+-associated proteins, i.e., sarco/endoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), calmodulin, calcineurin, GAP43, CCR5, IP3Rs, and certain types of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs). Functional studies also demonstrated profound changes in intracellular pH regulation and mitochondrial metabolism. Moreover, modification of PMCAs membrane composition triggered some adaptive processes to counterbalance calcium overload, but the reduction of PMCA2 appeared to be more detrimental to the cells than PMCA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Boczek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (T.R.); (B.F.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Tomasz Radzik
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (T.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Bozena Ferenc
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (T.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Ludmila Zylinska
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (T.R.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-272-5680
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Prenatal melamine exposure impairs cognitive flexibility and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in adolescent and adult female rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 186:172791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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McPhee GM, Downey LA, Stough C. Effects of sustained cognitive activity on white matter microstructure and cognitive outcomes in healthy middle-aged adults: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 51:35-47. [PMID: 30802543 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Adults who remain cognitively active may be protected from age-associated changes in white matter (WM) and cognitive decline. To determine if cognitive activity is a precursor for WM plasticity, the available literature was systematically searched for Region of Interest (ROI) and whole-brain studies assessing the efficacy of cognitive training (CT) on WM microstructure using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in healthy adults (> 40 years). Seven studies were identified and included in this review. Results suggest there are beneficial effects to WM microstructure after CT in frontal and medial brain regions, with some studies showing improved performance in cognitive outcomes. Benefits of CT were shown to be protective against age-related WM microstructure decline by either maintaining or improving WM after training. These results have implications for determining the capacity for training-dependent WM plasticity in older adults and whether CT can be utilised to prevent age-associated cognitive decline. Additional studies with standardised training and imaging protocols are needed to confirm these outcomes.
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21
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Familial Alzheimer's disease-linked presenilin mutants and intracellular Ca 2+ handling: A single-organelle, FRET-based analysis. Cell Calcium 2019; 79:44-56. [PMID: 30822648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An imbalance in Ca2+ homeostasis represents an early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Presenilin-1 and -2 (PS1 and PS2) mutations, the major cause of familial AD (FAD), have been extensively associated with alterations in different Ca2+ signaling pathways, in particular those handled by storage compartments. However, FAD-PSs effect on organelles Ca2+ content is still debated and the mechanism of action of mutant proteins is unclear. To fulfil the need of a direct investigation of intracellular stores Ca2+ dynamics, we here present a detailed and quantitative single-cell analysis of FAD-PSs effects on organelle Ca2+ handling using specifically targeted, FRET (Fluorescence/Förster Resonance Energy Transfer)-based Ca2+ indicators. In SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and in patient-derived fibroblasts expressing different FAD-PSs mutations, we directly measured Ca2+ concentration within the main intracellular Ca2+ stores, e.g., Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and Golgi Apparatus (GA) medial- and trans-compartment. We unambiguously demonstrate that the expression of FAD-PS2 mutants, but not FAD-PS1, in either SH-SY5Y cells or FAD patient-derived fibroblasts, is able to alter Ca2+ handling of ER and medial-GA, but not trans-GA, reducing, compared to control cells, the Ca2+ content within these organelles by partially blocking SERCA (Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase) activity. Moreover, by using a cytosolic Ca2+ probe, we show that the expression of both FAD-PS1 and -PS2 reduces the Ca2+ influx activated by stores depletion (Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry; SOCE), by decreasing the expression levels of one of the key molecules, STIM1 (STromal Interaction Molecule 1), controlling this pathway. Our data indicate that FAD-linked PSs mutants differentially modulate the Ca2+ content of intracellular stores yet leading to a complex dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, which represents a common disease phenotype of AD.
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22
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Zaidi A, Adewale M, McLean L, Ramlow P. The plasma membrane calcium pumps-The old and the new. Neurosci Lett 2019; 663:12-17. [PMID: 29452610 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) pumps play a critical role in the maintenance of calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, crucial for optimal neuronal function and cell survival. Loss of Ca2+ homeostasis is a key precursor in neuronal dysfunction associated with brain aging and in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. In this article, we review evidence showing age-related changes in the PMCAs in synaptic plasma membranes (SPMs) and lipid raft microdomains isolated from rat brain. Both PMCA activity and protein levels decline progressively with increasing age. However, the loss of activity is disproportionate to the reduction of protein levels suggesting the presence of dysfunctional PMCA molecules in aged brain. PMCA activity is also diminished in post-mortem human brain samples from Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease patients and in cell models of these neurodegenerative disorders. Experimental reduction of the PMCAs not only alter Ca2+ homeostasis but also have diverse effects on neurons such as reduced neuritic network, impaired release of neurotransmitter and increased susceptibility to stressful stimuli, particularly to agents that elevate intracellular Ca2+ [Ca2+]i. Loss of PMCA is likely to contribute to neuronal dysfunction observed in the aging brain and in the development of age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders. Therapeutic (pharmacological and/or non-pharmacological) approaches that can enhance PMCA activity and stabilize [Ca2+]i homeostasis may be capable of preventing, slowing, and/or reversing neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Zaidi
- Division of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, 1750 Independence Avenue, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA.
| | - Mercy Adewale
- Division of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, 1750 Independence Avenue, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA
| | - Lauren McLean
- Division of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, 1750 Independence Avenue, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA
| | - Paul Ramlow
- Division of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, 1750 Independence Avenue, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA
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23
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Choudhary D, Kragelund BB, Heidarsson PO, Cecconi C. The Complex Conformational Dynamics of Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1: A Single Molecule Perspective. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:468. [PMID: 30618617 PMCID: PMC6304440 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The human neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) is a multispecific two-domain EF-hand protein expressed predominantly in neurons and is a member of the NCS protein family. Structure-function relationships of NCS-1 have been extensively studied showing that conformational dynamics linked to diverse ion-binding is important to its function. NCS-1 transduces Ca2+ changes in neurons and is linked to a wide range of neuronal functions such as regulation of neurotransmitter release, voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and neuronal outgrowth. Defective NCS-1 can be deleterious to cells and has been linked to serious neuronal disorders like autism. Here, we review recent studies describing at the single molecule level the structural and mechanistic details of the folding and misfolding processes of the non-myristoylated NCS-1. By manipulating one molecule at a time with optical tweezers, the conformational equilibria of the Ca2+-bound, Mg2+-bound and apo states of NCS-1 were investigated revealing a complex folding mechanism underlain by a rugged and multidimensional energy landscape. The molecular rearrangements that NCS-1 undergoes to transit from one conformation to another and the energetics of these reactions are tightly regulated by the binding of divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) to its EF-hands. At pathologically high Ca2+ concentrations the protein sometimes follows non-productive misfolding pathways leading to kinetically trapped and potentially harmful misfolded conformations. We discuss the significance of these misfolding events as well as the role of inter-domain interactions in shaping the energy landscape and ultimately the biological function of NCS-1. The conformational equilibria of NCS-1 are also compared to those of calmodulin (CaM) and differences and similarities in the behavior of these proteins are rationalized in terms of structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhawal Choudhary
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Center S3, CNR Institute Nanoscience, Modena, Italy
| | - Birthe B Kragelund
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ciro Cecconi
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Center S3, CNR Institute Nanoscience, Modena, Italy
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Chiodini I, Cairoli E, Palmieri S, Pepe J, Walker MD. Non classical complications of primary hyperparathyroidism. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 32:805-820. [PMID: 30665548 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Several studies suggested that the condition of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) may be associated not only with the classical bone, kidney and gastrointestinal consequences, but also with cardiovascular, neuromuscular and articular complications, impaired quality of life and increased cancer risk. However, the only cardiovascular complications associated with PHPT, which seems to improve after parathyroidectomy, is left ventricular hypertrophy, while, data regarding the reversibility of hypertension, valve calcifications and increased vascular stiffness are inconsistent. Parathyroidectomy seems to ameliorate neuropsychological, cognitive disturbances and quality of life in moderate-severe PHPT, while data in mild PHPT are less clear. At variance, the effect of parathyroidectomy on neuromuscular and articular complications is still unknown, and no studies demonstrated a reduction of cancer risk after recovery from PHPT. Overall, to date, cardiovascular and neuropsychological evaluation are not recommended solely because of PHPT, nor cardiovascular disease, muscle weakness, and neuropsychological complications are indication for parathyroidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Chiodini
- Unit for Bone Metabolism Diseases and Diabetes & Lab. of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - E Cairoli
- Unit for Bone Metabolism Diseases and Diabetes & Lab. of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S Palmieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - J Pepe
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - M D Walker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Panel M, Ghaleh B, Morin D. Mitochondria and aging: A role for the mitochondrial transition pore? Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12793. [PMID: 29888494 PMCID: PMC6052406 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms responsible for aging are poorly understood. Aging is considered as a degenerative process induced by the accumulation of cellular lesions leading progressively to organ dysfunction and death. The free radical theory of aging has long been considered the most relevant to explain the mechanisms of aging. As the mitochondrion is an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), this organelle is regarded as a key intracellular player in this process and a large amount of data supports the role of mitochondrial ROS production during aging. Thus, mitochondrial ROS, oxidative damage, aging, and aging-dependent diseases are strongly connected. However, other features of mitochondrial physiology and dysfunction have been recently implicated in the development of the aging process. Here, we examine the potential role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in normal aging and in aging-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Panel
- INSERM U955, équipe 3; Créteil France
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, DHU A-TVB, UPEC; Créteil France
| | - Bijan Ghaleh
- INSERM U955, équipe 3; Créteil France
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, DHU A-TVB, UPEC; Créteil France
| | - Didier Morin
- INSERM U955, équipe 3; Créteil France
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, DHU A-TVB, UPEC; Créteil France
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Li X, Sun W, An L. Nano-CuO impairs spatial cognition associated with inhibiting hippocampal long-term potentiation via affecting glutamatergic neurotransmission in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34:409-421. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233718758233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Manufactured metal nanoparticles and their applications are continuously expanding because of their unique characteristics while their increasing use may predispose to potential health problems. Several studies have reported the adverse effects of copper oxide nanoparticles (nano-CuO) relative to ecotoxicity and cell toxicity, whereas little is known about the neurotoxicity of nano-CuO. The present study aimed to examine its effects on spatial cognition, hippocampal function, and the possible mechanisms. Male Wistar rats were used to establish an animal model, and nano-CuO was administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was employed to evaluate learning and memory. The long-term potentiation (LTP) from Schaffer collaterals to the hippocampal CA1 region, and the effects of nano-CuO on synases were recorded in the hippocampal CA1 neurons of rats. MWM test showed that learning and memory abilities were impaired significantly by nano-CuO ( p < 0.05). The LTP test demonstrated that the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) slopes were significantly lower in nano-CuO-treated groups compared with the control group ( p < 0.01). Furthermore, the data of whole-cell patch-clamp experiments showed that nano-CuO markedly depressed the frequencies of both spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs), indicating an effect of nano-CuO on inhibiting the release frequency of glutamate presynapticly ( p < 0.01). Meanwhile, the amplitudes of both sEPSC and mEPSC were significantly reduced in nano-CuO-treated animals, which suggested that the effect of nano-CuO modulates postsynaptic receptor kinetics ( p < 0.01). Paired pulse facilitation (PPF) ( p < 0.05) and the expression of NR2A, but not NR2B, of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) subunits ( p < 0.05), were decreased significantly. In conclusion, nano-CuO impaired glutamate transmission presynapticly and postsynapticly, which may contribute importantly to diminished LTP and other induced cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Li
- Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei An
- Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Effects of Aging on Cortical Neural Dynamics and Local Sleep Homeostasis in Mice. J Neurosci 2018; 38:3911-3928. [PMID: 29581380 PMCID: PMC5907054 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2513-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with marked effects on sleep, including its daily amount and architecture, as well as the specific EEG oscillations. Neither the neurophysiological underpinnings nor the biological significance of these changes are understood, and crucially the question remains whether aging is associated with reduced sleep need or a diminished capacity to generate sufficient sleep. Here we tested the hypothesis that aging may affect local cortical networks, disrupting the capacity to generate and sustain sleep oscillations, and with it the local homeostatic response to sleep loss. We performed chronic recordings of cortical neural activity and local field potentials from the motor cortex in young and older male C57BL/6J mice, during spontaneous waking and sleep, as well as during sleep after sleep deprivation. In older animals, we observed an increase in the incidence of non-rapid eye movement sleep local field potential slow waves and their associated neuronal silent (OFF) periods, whereas the overall pattern of state-dependent cortical neuronal firing was generally similar between ages. Furthermore, we observed that the response to sleep deprivation at the level of local cortical network activity was not affected by aging. Our data thus suggest that the local cortical neural dynamics and local sleep homeostatic mechanisms, at least in the motor cortex, are not impaired during healthy senescence in mice. This indicates that powerful protective or compensatory mechanisms may exist to maintain neuronal function stable across the life span, counteracting global changes in sleep amount and architecture. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The biological significance of age-dependent changes in sleep is unknown but may reflect either a diminished sleep need or a reduced capacity to generate deep sleep stages. As aging has been linked to profound disruptions in cortical sleep oscillations and because sleep need is reflected in specific patterns of cortical activity, we performed chronic electrophysiological recordings of cortical neural activity during waking, sleep, and after sleep deprivation from young and older mice. We found that all main hallmarks of cortical activity during spontaneous sleep and recovery sleep after sleep deprivation were largely intact in older mice, suggesting that the well-described age-related changes in global sleep are unlikely to arise from a disruption of local network dynamics within the neocortex.
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Takeda A, Tamano H. The Impact of Synaptic Zn 2+ Dynamics on Cognition and Its Decline. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112411. [PMID: 29135924 PMCID: PMC5713379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal levels of extracellular Zn2+ are in the range of low nanomolar concentrations and less attention has been paid to Zn2+, compared to Ca2+, for synaptic activity. However, extracellular Zn2+ is necessary for synaptic activity. The basal levels of extracellular zinc are age-dependently increased in the rat hippocampus, implying that the basal levels of extracellular Zn2+ are also increased age-dependently and that extracellular Zn2+ dynamics are linked with age-related cognitive function and dysfunction. In the hippocampus, the influx of extracellular Zn2+ into postsynaptic neurons, which is often linked with Zn2+ release from neuron terminals, is critical for cognitive activity via long-term potentiation (LTP). In contrast, the excess influx of extracellular Zn2+ into postsynaptic neurons induces cognitive decline. Interestingly, the excess influx of extracellular Zn2+ more readily occurs in aged dentate granule cells and intracellular Zn2+-buffering, which is assessed with ZnAF-2DA, is weakened in the aged dentate granule cells. Characteristics (easiness) of extracellular Zn2+ influx seem to be linked with the weakened intracellular Zn2+-buffering in the aged dentate gyrus. This paper deals with the impact of synaptic Zn2+ signaling on cognition and its decline in comparison with synaptic Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Hanuna Tamano
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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A Brief Review of Neurotoxicity Induced by Melamine. Neurotox Res 2017; 32:301-309. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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An L, Sun W. Prenatal melamine exposure impairs spatial cognition and hippocampal synaptic plasticity by presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition of glutamatergic transmission in adolescent offspring. Toxicol Lett 2017; 269:55-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Boczek T, Lisek M, Ferenc B, Zylinska L. Cross talk among PMCA, calcineurin and NFAT transcription factors in control of calmodulin gene expression in differentiating PC12 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:502-515. [PMID: 28153703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Brain aging is characterized by progressive loss of plasma membrane calcium pump (PMCA) and its activator - calmodulin (CaM), but the mechanism of this phenomenon remains unresolved. CaM encoded by three genes Calm1, Calm2, Calm3, works to translate Ca2+ signal into changes in frequently opposite cellular activities. This unique function allows CaM to affect gene expression via stimulation of calcineurin (CaN) and its downstream target - nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) and to terminate Ca2+ signal by stimulation of its extrusion. PMCA, which exists in four isoforms PMCA1-4, may in turn shape the pattern of Ca2+ transients and control CaN activity by its direct binding. Therefore, the interplay between PMCA, CaM and CaN/NFAT is highly plausible. To verify that, we used differentiated PC12 cells with reduced expression of PMCA2 or PMCA3 to mimic the potential changes in aged brain. Manipulation in PMCAs level decreased CaM protein in PMCA2 or PMCA3-reduced lines that was accompanied by down-regulation of Calm1 and Calm2 in both lines, but Calm3 only in PMCA2-reduced cells. Further studies showed substantially higher NFATc2 nuclear accumulation and increased NFAT transcriptional activity. Blocking of CaN/NFAT signalling resulted in almost full CaM recovery, mainly due to up-regulation of Calm2 and Calm3 genes. Moreover, higher occupancy of Calm2 and Calm3 promoters by NFATc2 and increased expression of these genes in response to NFATc2 silencing were demonstrated in PMCA2 and PMCA3-reduced lines. Our results indicate that decrease in CaM level in response to PMCAs downregulation can be driven by CaN/NFAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Boczek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University, Mazowiecka 6/8 Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland; Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Malwina Lisek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University, Mazowiecka 6/8 Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bozena Ferenc
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University, Mazowiecka 6/8 Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ludmila Zylinska
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University, Mazowiecka 6/8 Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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Trombetti A, Christ ER, Henzen C, Gold G, Brändle M, Herrmann FR, Torriani C, Triponez F, Kraenzlin M, Rizzoli R, Meier C. Clinical presentation and management of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism of the Swiss Primary Hyperparathyroidism Cohort: a focus on neuro-behavioral and cognitive symptoms. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:567-76. [PMID: 26742935 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the clinical and biochemical profile of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) of the Swiss Hyperparathyroidism Cohort, with a focus on neurobehavioral and cognitive symptoms and on their changes in response to parathyroidectomy. METHODS From June 2007 to September 2012, 332 patients were enrolled in the Swiss PHPT Cohort Study, a nationwide prospective and non-interventional project collecting clinical, biochemical, and outcome data in newly diagnosed patients. Neuro-behavioral and cognitive status were evaluated annually using the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Clock Drawing tests. Follow-up data were recorded every 6 months. Patients with parathyroidectomy had one follow-up visit 3-6 months' postoperatively. RESULTS Symptomatic PHPT was present in 43 % of patients. Among asymptomatic patients, 69 % (131/189) had at least one of the US National Institutes for Health criteria for surgery, leaving thus a small number of patients with cognitive dysfunction or neuropsychological symptoms, but without any other indication for surgery. At baseline, a large proportion showed elevated depression and anxiety scores and cognitive dysfunction, but with no association between biochemical manifestations of the disease and test scores. In the 153 (46 %) patients who underwent parathyroidectomy, we observed an improvement in the Mini-Mental State Examination (P = 0.01), anxiety (P = 0.05) and depression (P = 0.05) scores. CONCLUSION PHPT patients often present elevated depression and anxiety scores and cognitive dysfunction, but rarely as isolated manifestations. These alterations may be relieved upon treatment by parathyroidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trombetti
- Bone Diseases Service, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| | - E R Christ
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 4, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Henzen
- Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital, Spitalstrasse, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - G Gold
- Division of Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - M Brändle
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - F R Herrmann
- Bone Diseases Service, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - C Torriani
- Bone Diseases Service, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - F Triponez
- Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - M Kraenzlin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Universitätsspital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21/Petersgraben, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Rizzoli
- Bone Diseases Service, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - C Meier
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Universitätsspital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21/Petersgraben, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
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Penner MR, Parrish RR, Hoang LT, Roth TL, Lubin FD, Barnes CA. Age-related changes in Egr1 transcription and DNA methylation within the hippocampus. Hippocampus 2016; 26:1008-20. [PMID: 26972614 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aged animals show functional alterations in hippocampal neurons that lead to deficits in synaptic plasticity and changes in cognitive function. Transcription of immediate-early genes (IEGs), including Egr1, is necessary for processes such as long-term potentiation and memory consolidation. Here, we show an age-related reduction in the transcription of Egr1 in the dentate gyrus following spatial behavior, whereas in the area CA1, Egr1 is reduced at rest, but its transcription can be effectively driven by spatial behavior to levels equivalent to those observed in adult animals. One mechanism possibly contributing to these aging-related changes is an age-associated, CpG site-specific change in methylation in DNA associated with the promoter region of the Egr1 gene. Our results add to a growing body of work demonstrating that complex transcriptional and epigenetic changes in the hippocampus significantly contribute to brain and cognitive aging. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Penner
- Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute and Division of Neural Systems, Memory and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - R R Parrish
- Department of Neurobiology and Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - L T Hoang
- Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute and Division of Neural Systems, Memory and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - T L Roth
- Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - F D Lubin
- Department of Neurobiology and Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - C A Barnes
- Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute and Division of Neural Systems, Memory and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department Psychology, Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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An L, Zhang T. Comparison Impairments of Spatial Cognition and Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity Between Prenatal and Postnatal Melamine Exposure in Male Adult Rats. Neurotox Res 2015; 29:218-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Jessen SB, Mathiesen C, Lind BL, Lauritzen M. Interneuron Deficit Associates Attenuated Network Synchronization to Mismatch of Energy Supply and Demand in Aging Mouse Brains. Cereb Cortex 2015; 27:646-659. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Barsballe Jessen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Claus Mathiesen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Lauritzen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup 2600, Denmark
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Lourida I, Thompson-Coon J, Dickens CM, Soni M, Kuźma E, Kos K, Llewellyn DJ. Parathyroid hormone, cognitive function and dementia: a systematic review. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127574. [PMID: 26010883 PMCID: PMC4444118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic factors are increasingly recognized to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Abnormal parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels play a role in neuronal calcium dysregulation, hypoperfusion and disrupted neuronal signaling. Some studies support a significant link between PTH levels and dementia whereas others do not. Methods We conducted a systematic review through January 2014 to evaluate the association between PTH and parathyroid conditions, cognitive function and dementia. Eleven electronic databases and citation indexes were searched including Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library. Hand searches of selected journals, reference lists of primary studies and reviews were also conducted along with websites of key organizations. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts of identified studies. Data extraction and study quality were performed by one and checked by a second reviewer using predefined criteria. A narrative synthesis was performed due to the heterogeneity of included studies. Results The twenty-seven studies identified were of low and moderate quality, and challenging to synthesize due to inadequate reporting. Findings from six observational studies were mixed but suggest a link between higher serum PTH levels and increased odds of poor cognition or dementia. Two case-control studies of hypoparathyroidism provide limited evidence for a link with poorer cognitive function. Thirteen pre-post surgery studies for primary hyperparathyroidism show mixed evidence for improvements in memory though limited agreement in other cognitive domains. There was some degree of cognitive impairment and improvement postoperatively in observational studies of secondary hyperparathyroidism but no evident pattern of associations with specific cognitive domains. Conclusions Mixed evidence offers weak support for a link between PTH, cognition and dementia due to the paucity of high quality research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilianna Lourida
- The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South West Peninsula (PenCLAHRC), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Thompson-Coon
- The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South West Peninsula (PenCLAHRC), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Chris M. Dickens
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Maya Soni
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Elżbieta Kuźma
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Katarina Kos
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Llewellyn
- The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South West Peninsula (PenCLAHRC), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Age-related changes in large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels in mammalian circadian clock neurons. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2176-83. [PMID: 25735218 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Aging impairs the function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN, the central mammalian clock), leading to a decline in the circadian rhythm of many physiological processes, including sleep-wake rhythms. Recent studies have found evidence of age-related changes in the circadian regulation of potassium currents; these changes presumably lead to a decrease in the SCN's electrical rhythm amplitude. Current through large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channels promote rhythmicity in both SCN neuronal activity and behavior. In many neuron types, changes in BK activity are correlated with changes in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i). We performed patch-clamp recordings of SCN neurons in aged mice and observed that the circadian modulation of BK channel activity was lost because of a reduction in BK currents during the night. This reduced current diminished the afterhyperpolarization, depolarized the resting membrane potential, widened the action potential, and increased [Ca(2+)]i. These data suggest that reduced BK current increases [Ca(2+)]i by altering the action potential waveform, possibly contributing to the observed age-related phenotype.
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Hermann PM, Watson SN, Wildering WC. Phospholipase A2 - nexus of aging, oxidative stress, neuronal excitability, and functional decline of the aging nervous system? Insights from a snail model system of neuronal aging and age-associated memory impairment. Front Genet 2014; 5:419. [PMID: 25538730 PMCID: PMC4255604 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging brain undergoes a range of changes varying from subtle structural and physiological changes causing only minor functional decline under healthy normal aging conditions, to severe cognitive or neurological impairment associated with extensive loss of neurons and circuits due to age-associated neurodegenerative disease conditions. Understanding how biological aging processes affect the brain and how they contribute to the onset and progress of age-associated neurodegenerative diseases is a core research goal in contemporary neuroscience. This review focuses on the idea that changes in intrinsic neuronal electrical excitability associated with (per)oxidation of membrane lipids and activation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes are an important mechanism of learning and memory failure under normal aging conditions. Specifically, in the context of this special issue on the biology of cognitive aging we portray the opportunities offered by the identifiable neurons and behaviorally characterized neural circuits of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis in neuronal aging research and recapitulate recent insights indicating a key role of lipid peroxidation-induced PLA2 as instruments of aging, oxidative stress and inflammation in age-associated neuronal and memory impairment in this model system. The findings are discussed in view of accumulating evidence suggesting involvement of analogous mechanisms in the etiology of age-associated dysfunction and disease of the human and mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra M Hermann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada ; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shawn N Watson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Willem C Wildering
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada ; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada ; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
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39
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Gray DT, Engle JR, Recanzone GH. Age-related neurochemical changes in the rhesus macaque cochlear nucleus. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:1527-41. [PMID: 24127432 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Neurochemical changes in the expression of various proteins within the central auditory system have been associated with natural aging. These changes may compensate in part for the loss of auditory sensitivity arising from two phenomena of the aging auditory system: cochlear histopathologies and increased excitability of central auditory neurons. Recent studies in the macaque monkey have revealed age-related changes in the density of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase (NADPHd) and parvalbumin (PV)-positive cells within the inferior colliculus and superior olivary complex. The cochlear nucleus (CN), which is the first central auditory nucleus, remains unstudied. Since the CN participates in the generation of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and receives direct innervation from the cochlea, it serves as an ideal nucleus to compare the relationship between these neurochemical changes and the physiological and peripheral changes of the aging auditory system. We used stereological sampling to calculate the densities of NADPHd and PV reactive neurons within the three subdivisions of the CN in middle-aged and aged rhesus macaques. Regression analyses of these values with ABR properties and cochlear histopathologies revealed relationships between these cell types and the changing characteristics of the aging auditory system. Our results indicate that NADPHd expression does change with age in a specific subdivision of the CN, but PV does not. Conversely, PV expression correlated with ABR amplitudes and outer hair cell loss in the cochlea, but NADPHd did not. These results indicate that NADPHd and PV may take part in distinct compensatory efforts of the aging auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Gray
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616
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40
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Prenatal melamine exposure induces impairments of spatial cognition and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in male adolescent rats. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 49:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Direct single-molecule observation of calcium-dependent misfolding in human neuronal calcium sensor-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:13069-74. [PMID: 25157171 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1401065111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are strongly linked to protein misfolding, and crucial to their explication is a detailed understanding of the underlying structural rearrangements and pathways that govern the formation of misfolded states. Here we use single-molecule optical tweezers to monitor misfolding reactions of the human neuronal calcium sensor-1, a multispecific EF-hand protein involved in neurotransmitter release and linked to severe neurological diseases. We directly observed two misfolding trajectories leading to distinct kinetically trapped misfolded conformations. Both trajectories originate from an on-pathway intermediate state and compete with native folding in a calcium-dependent manner. The relative probability of the different trajectories could be affected by modulating the relaxation rate of applied force, demonstrating an unprecedented real-time control over the free-energy landscape of a protein. Constant-force experiments in combination with hidden Markov analysis revealed the free-energy landscape of the misfolding transitions under both physiological and pathological calcium concentrations. Remarkably for a calcium sensor, we found that higher calcium concentrations increased the lifetimes of the misfolded conformations, slowing productive folding to the native state. We propose a rugged, multidimensional energy landscape for neuronal calcium sensor-1 and speculate on a direct link between protein misfolding and calcium dysregulation that could play a role in neurodegeneration.
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42
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Afanador L, Roltsch EA, Holcomb L, Campbell KS, Keeling DA, Zhang Y, Zimmer DB. The Ca2+ sensor S100A1 modulates neuroinflammation, histopathology and Akt activity in the PSAPP Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Cell Calcium 2014; 56:68-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Buechel HM, Popovic J, Staggs K, Anderson KL, Thibault O, Blalock EM. Aged rats are hypo-responsive to acute restraint: implications for psychosocial stress in aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:13. [PMID: 24575039 PMCID: PMC3921565 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive processes associated with prefrontal cortex and hippocampus decline with age and are vulnerable to disruption by stress. The stress/stress hormone/allostatic load hypotheses of brain aging posit that brain aging, at least in part, is the manifestation of life-long stress exposure. In addition, as humans age, there is a profound increase in the incidence of new onset stressors, many of which are psychosocial (e.g., loss of job, death of spouse, social isolation), and aged humans are well-understood to be more vulnerable to the negative consequences of such new-onset chronic psychosocial stress events. However, the mechanistic underpinnings of this age-related shift in chronic psychosocial stress response, or the initial acute phase of that chronic response, have been less well-studied. Here, we separated young (3 month) and aged (21 month) male F344 rats into control and acute restraint (an animal model of psychosocial stress) groups (n = 9–12/group). We then assessed hippocampus-associated behavioral, electrophysiological, and transcriptional outcomes, as well as blood glucocorticoid and sleep architecture changes. Aged rats showed characteristic water maze, deep sleep, transcriptome, and synaptic sensitivity changes compared to young. Young and aged rats showed similar levels of distress during the 3 h restraint, as well as highly significant increases in blood glucocorticoid levels 21 h after restraint. However, young, but not aged, animals responded to stress exposure with water maze deficits, loss of deep sleep and hyperthermia. These results demonstrate that aged subjects are hypo-responsive to new-onset acute psychosocial stress, which may have negative consequences for long-term stress adaptation and suggest that age itself may act as a stressor occluding the influence of new onset stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Buechel
- Blalock Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jelena Popovic
- Blalock Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kendra Staggs
- Blalock Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Katie L Anderson
- Thibault Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Olivier Thibault
- Thibault Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Eric M Blalock
- Blalock Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
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Thakurta IG, Banerjee P, Bagh MB, Ghosh A, Sahoo A, Chattopadhyay S, Chakrabarti S. Combination of N-acetylcysteine, α-lipoic acid and α-tocopherol substantially prevents the brain synaptosomal alterations and memory and learning deficits of aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2014; 50:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gray DT, Engle JR, Recanzone GH. Age-related neurochemical changes in the rhesus macaque superior olivary complex. J Comp Neurol 2013; 522:573-91. [PMID: 25232570 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Positive immunoreactivity to the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV) and nitric oxide synthase NADPH diaphorase (NADPHd) is well documented within neurons of the central auditory system of both rodents and primates. These proteins are thought to play roles in the regulation of auditory processing. Studies examining the age-related changes in expression of these proteins have been conducted primarily in rodents but are sparse in primate models. In the brainstem, the superior olivary complex (SOC) is crucial for the computation of sound source localization in azimuth, and one hallmark of age-related hearing deficits is a reduced ability to localize sounds. To investigate how these histochemical markers change as a function of age and hearing loss, we studied eight rhesus macaques ranging in age from 12 to 35 years. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were obtained in anesthetized animals for click and tone stimuli. The brainstems of the sesame animals were then stained for PV and NADPHd reactivity. Reactive neurons in the three nuclei of the SOC were counted, and the densities of each cell type were calculated. We found that PV and NADPHd expression increased with both age and ABR thresholds in the medial superior olive but not in either the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body or the lateral superior olive. Together these results suggest that the changes in protein expression employed by the SOC may compensate for the loss of efficacy of auditory sensitivity in the aged primate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Gray
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616
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46
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The developmental regulation of glutamate receptor-mediated calcium signaling in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Neuroreport 2013; 24:492-7. [PMID: 23660635 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e32836206b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the developmental changes of glutamate-induced calcium (Ca²⁺) response in primary cultured hippocampal neurons at three different stages of cultures, 3, 7-8, and 14-16 days in vitro (DIV), using fura-2 single-cell digital micro-fluorimetry. We found that glutamate-induced Ca²⁺ signaling was altered during development, and that two different ionotropic glutamate receptors, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptors (AMPARs) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), were differently involved in the modulation of calcium response at different stages of neuronal culture. In the stages of culture at 3 and 8 DIV, glutamate-induced Ca²⁺ influx was mostly because of AMPAR activation and subsequent opening of voltage-dependent calcium channels, as Ca²⁺ response can be largely reduced by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and by nifedipine. In the advanced culture (14-17 DIV), glutamate-induced Ca²⁺ response was less sensitive to 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione and nifedipine. Furthermore, AMPA-induced Ca²⁺ response increased in a time-dependent manner during the cultures of 3-8 DIV and then reduced in the advanced culture of 14-17 DIV. NMDA-induced Ca²⁺ influx increased in a time-dependent manner, with a marked increase in the advanced culture (14-17 DIV). These results suggest that glutamate-induced Ca²⁺ signaling switched from AMPA-voltage-dependent calcium channel to NMDA-calcium signaling during development.
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Martín-Cano FE, Camello-Almaraz C, Hernandez D, Pozo MJ, Camello PJ. mTOR pathway and Ca²⁺ stores mobilization in aged smooth muscle cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 5:339-46. [PMID: 23661091 PMCID: PMC3701109 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is considered to be driven by the so called senescence pathways, especially the mTOR route, although there is almost no information on its activity in aged tissues. Aging also induces Ca2+ signal alterations, but information regarding the mechanisms for these changes is almost inexistent. We investigated the possible involvement of the mTOR pathway in the age-dependent changes on Ca2+ stores mobilization in colonic smooth muscle cells of young (4 month old) and aged (24 month old) guinea pigs. mTORC1 activity was enhanced in aged smooth muscle, as revealed by phosphorylation of mTOR and its direct substrates S6K1 and 4E-BP1. Mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ stores through IP3R or RyR channels was impaired in aged cells, and it was facilitated by mTOR and by FKBP12, as indicated by the inhibitory effects of KU0063794 (a direct mTOR inhibitor), rapamycin (a FKBP12-mediated mTOR inhibitor) and FK506 (an FKBP12 binding immunosuppressant). Aging suppressed the facilitation of the Ca2+ mobilization by FKBP12 but not by mTOR, without changing the total expression of FKBP12 protein. In conclusion, or study shows that in smooth muscle aging enhances the constitutive activity of mTORC1 pathway and impairs Ca2+ stores mobilization by suppression of the FKBP12-induced facilitation of Ca2+ release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco E Martín-Cano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Nursing and Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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Deletion in the N-terminal half of olfactomedin 1 modifies its interaction with synaptic proteins and causes brain dystrophy and abnormal behavior in mice. Exp Neurol 2013; 250:205-18. [PMID: 24095980 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Olfactomedin 1 (Olfm1) is a secreted glycoprotein that is preferentially expressed in neuronal tissues. Here we show that deletion of exons 4 and 5 from the Olfm1 gene, which encodes a 52 amino acid long region in the N-terminal part of the protein, increased neonatal death and reduced body weight of surviving homozygous mice. Magnetic resonance imaging analyses revealed reduced brain volume and attenuated size of white matter tracts such as the anterior commissure, corpus callosum, and optic nerve. Adult Olfm1 mutant mice demonstrated abnormal behavior in several tests including reduced marble digging, elevated plus maze test, nesting activity and latency on balance beam tests as compared with their wild-type littermates. The olfactory system was both structurally and functionally disturbed by the mutation in the Olfm1 gene as shown by functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis and a smell test. Deficiencies of the olfactory system may contribute to the neonatal death and loss of body weight of Olfm1 mutant. Shotgun proteomics revealed 59 candidate proteins that co-precipitated with wild-type or mutant Olfm1 proteins in postnatal day 1 brain. Olfm1-binding targets included GluR2, Cav2.1, teneurin-4 and Kidins220. Modified interaction of Olfm1 with binding targets led to an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and activation of ERK1/2, MEK1 and CaMKII in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb of Olfm1 mutant mice compared with their wild-type littermates. Excessive activation of the CaMKII and Ras-ERK pathways in the Olfm1 mutant olfactory bulb and hippocampus by elevated intracellular calcium may contribute to the abnormal behavior and olfactory activity of Olfm1 mutant mice.
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Kincaid B, Bossy-Wetzel E. Forever young: SIRT3 a shield against mitochondrial meltdown, aging, and neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:48. [PMID: 24046746 PMCID: PMC3764375 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR), fasting, and exercise have long been recognized for their neuroprotective and lifespan-extending properties; however, the underlying mechanisms of these phenomena remain elusive. Such extraordinary benefits might be linked to the activation of sirtuins. In mammals, the sirtuin family has seven members (SIRT1–7), which diverge in tissue distribution, subcellular localization, enzymatic activity, and targets. SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT3 have deacetylase activity. Their dependence on NAD+ directly links their activity to the metabolic status of the cell. High NAD+ levels convey neuroprotective effects, possibly via activation of sirtuin family members. Mitochondrial sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) has received much attention for its role in metabolism and aging. Specific small nucleotide polymorphisms in Sirt3 are linked to increased human lifespan. SIRT3 mediates the adaptation of increased energy demand during CR, fasting, and exercise to increased production of energy equivalents. SIRT3 deacetylates and activates mitochondrial enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, amino acid metabolism, the electron transport chain, and antioxidant defenses. As a result, the mitochondrial energy metabolism increases. In addition, SIRT3 prevents apoptosis by lowering reactive oxygen species and inhibiting components of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Mitochondrial deficits associated with aging and neurodegeneration might therefore be slowed or even prevented by SIRT3 activation. In addition, upregulating SIRT3 activity by dietary supplementation of sirtuin activating compounds might promote the beneficial effects of this enzyme. The goal of this review is to summarize emerging data supporting a neuroprotective action of SIRT3 against Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Kincaid
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA
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50
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De Caluwé J, Dupont G. The progression towards Alzheimer's disease described as a bistable switch arising from the positive loop between amyloids and Ca(2+). J Theor Biol 2013; 331:12-8. [PMID: 23614875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people. It is characterized by the slow deposition of cerebral amyloid-β peptides in the brain and by dysregulations in neuronal Ca(2+) homeostasis. Numerous experimental studies have revealed the existence of a feed-forward loop wherein amyloids-β disturb neuronal Ca(2+) levels, which in turn affect the production of amyloids. Here, we formalize this positive loop in a minimal, qualitative model and show that it exhibits bistability. Thus, a stable steady state characterized by low levels of Ca(2+) and amyloids, corresponding to a healthy situation, coexists with another 'pathological state' where the levels of both compounds are high. The onset of the disease corresponds to the switch from the lower steady state to the higher one induced by a large-enough perturbation in either the metabolism of amyloids or the homeostasis of intracellular Ca(2+). Numerical simulations of the model reproduce a variety of experimental observations about the disease, as its irreversible character, the threshold-like transition to a severe pathology after the slow accumulation of symptoms, the effect of presenilins, the so-called 'prion-like' autocatalytic behaviour of amyloids and the inherent random character of the apparition of the disease that is well known for the sporadic form. The model thus provides a conceptual framework that could be useful when developing therapeutic protocols to slow down the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle De Caluwé
- Unité de Chronobiologie Théorique, Université Libre de Bruxelles ULB, Faculté des Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
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