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Kou Y, Rong X, Tang R, Zhang Y, Yang P, Liu H, Ma W, Li M. Eldecalcitol prevented OVX-induced osteoporosis through inhibiting BMSCs senescence by regulating the SIRT1-Nrf2 signal. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1067085. [PMID: 36937895 PMCID: PMC10020367 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1067085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Aging and oxidative stress are considered to be the proximal culprits of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Eldecalcitol (ED-71), a new active vitamin D derivative, has shown a good therapeutic effect on different types of osteoporosis, but the mechanism is unclear. This study focused on exploring whether ED-71 could prevent bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis by regulating the cell senescence of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and explaining its specific mechanism of action. Materials and methods: An ovariectomized (OVX) rat model was established and 30 ng/kg ED-71 was administered orally once a day. The weight of rats was recorded regularly. Micro-computed tomography (CT) and histochemical staining were used to evaluate bone mass, histological parameters, and aging-related factors. Rat bone mesenchymal stem cells were extracted and cultivated in vitro. Aging cells were marked with senescence-associated β-gal (SA-β-gal) dyeing. The mRNA and protein levels of aging-related factors and SIRT1-Nrf2 signal were detected by RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected by DCFH-DA staining. Results: Compared with the Sham group, the bone volume of the ovariectomized group rats decreased while their weight increased significantly. ED-71 prevented bone loss and inhibited weight gain in ovariectomized rats. More importantly, although the expression of aging-related factors in the bone tissue increased in the ovariectomized group, the addition of ED-71 reversed changes in these factors. After extracting and in vitro culturing bone mesenchymal stem cells, the proportion of aging bone mesenchymal stem cells was higher in the ovariectomized group than in the Sham group, accompanied by a significant decrease in the osteogenic capacity. ED-71 significantly improved the bone mesenchymal stem cells senescence caused by ovariectomized. In addition, ED-71 increased the expression of SIRT1 and Nrf2 in ovariectomized rat bone mesenchymal stem cells. Inhibition of SIRT1 or Nrf2 decreased the inhibitory effect of ED-71 on bone mesenchymal stem cells senescence. ED-71 also showed a suppression effect on the reactive oxygen species level in bone mesenchymal stem cells. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that ED-71 could inhibit the cell senescence of bone mesenchymal stem cells in ovariectomized rats by regulating the SIRT1-Nrf2 signal, thereby preventing bone loss caused by osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Kou
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xing Rong
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wanli Ma
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Wanli Ma, ; Minqi Li,
| | - Minqi Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Wanli Ma, ; Minqi Li,
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Burns JS, Kassem M. Identifying Biomarkers for Osteogenic Potency Assay Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1420:39-58. [PMID: 37258783 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30040-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
There has been extensive exploration of how cells may serve as advanced therapy medicinal products to treat skeletal pathologies. Osteoblast progenitors responsible for production of extracellular matrix that is subsequently mineralized during bone formation have been characterised as a rare bone marrow subpopulation of cell culture plastic adherent cells. Conveniently, they proliferate to form single-cell derived colonies of fibroblastoid cells, termed colony forming unit fibroblasts that can subsequently differentiate to aggregates resembling small areas of cartilage or bone. However, donor heterogeneity and loss of osteogenic differentiation capacity during extended cell culture have made the discovery of reliable potency assay biomarkers difficult. Nonetheless, functional osteoblast models derived from telomerised human bone marrow stromal cells have allowed extensive comparative analysis of gene expression, microRNA, morphological phenotypes and secreted proteins. This chapter highlights numerous insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning osteogenic differentiation of multipotent stromal cells and bone formation, discussing aspects involved in the choice of useful biomarkers for functional attributes that can be quantitively measured in osteogenic potency assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S Burns
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- University Hospital of Odense, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Rumman M, Dhawan J. PTPRU, a quiescence-induced receptor tyrosine phosphatase negatively regulates osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 636:41-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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4
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HIF1α Promotes BMP9-Mediated Osteoblastic Differentiation and Vascularization by Interacting with CBFA1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2475169. [PMID: 36217388 PMCID: PMC9547689 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2475169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) as the most potent osteogenic molecule which initiates the differentiation of stem cells into the osteoblast lineage and regulates angiogenesis, remains unclear how BMP9-regulated angiogenic signaling is coupled to the osteogenic pathway. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) is critical for vascularization and osteogenic differentiation and the CBFA1, known as runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) which plays a regulatory role in osteogenesis. This study investigated the combined effect of HIF1α and Runx2 on BMP9-induced osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation of the immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (iMEFs). The effect of HIF1α and Runx2 on the osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation of iMEFs was evaluated. The relationship between HIF1α- and Runx2-mediated angiogenesis during BMP9-regulated osteogenic differentiation of iMEFs was evaluated by ChIP assays. We demonstrated that exogenous expression of HIF1α and Runx2 is coupled to potentiate BMP9-induced osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation both in vitro and animal model. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays (ChIP) showed that Runx2 is a downstream target of HIF1α that regulates BMP9-mediated osteogenesis and angiogenic differentiation. Our findings reveal that HIF1α immediately regulates Runx2 and may originate an essential regulatory thread to harmonize osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation in iMEFs, and this coupling between HIF1α and Runx2 is essential for bone healing.
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Xu Y, Bao X, Chen X, Wu P, Chen S, Zhang B, Ma J, Xu G, Ma D. STARD3NL inhibits the osteogenic differentiation by inactivating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway via binding to Annexin A2 in osteoporosis. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1643-1655. [PMID: 35098646 PMCID: PMC8899174 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is one of the leading forms of systemic diseases related to bone metabolism in the world. STARD3 N‐terminal like (STARD3NL) showed robust association with osteoporosis‐related traits. Yet, the molecular functional mechanisms of STARD3NL in osteoblasts is still obscure. In this study, we demonstrated a high level of STARD3NL expression in the bone tissues from the patients with low bone mass and ovariectomized (OVX)‐induced osteoporotic mice. We identified Stard3nl as a potent factor that negatively and positively regulates osteoblast differentiation and cell proliferation, respectively. Furthermore, inhibition of Stard3nl induced β‐catenin gene expression and the nuclear translocation of β‐catenin, as well as Wnt signalling activities, contributing to the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. Mechanistic studies revealed that Stard3nl bound with Annexin A2 (Anxa2) to suppress β‐catenin expression, resulting into the suppression of Wnt signalling and downstream osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, adeno‐associated virus 9 (AAV9)‐mediated silencing of Stard3nl reversed bone loss in OVX‐induced osteoporotic mice by the injection into the knee joints. Collectively, our study revealed that Stard3nl suppressed osteogenesis via binding with Anxa2, resulting into the inactivation of Wnt signalling. It also highlights the preventive and therapeutic potential of STARD3NL as a specific and novel target for osteoporotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaogang Bao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery The Spine Surgical CenterSecond Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong City Hong Kong
| | - Peixuan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery ENT Institute Eye & ENT Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Guohua Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery The Spine Surgical CenterSecond Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Duan Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
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6
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Jing Z, Wang C, Wen S, Jin Y, Meng Q, Liu Q, Wu J, Sun H, Liu M. Phosphocreatine Promotes Osteoblastic Activities in H 2O 2-Induced MC3T3-E1 Cells by Regulating SIRT1/FOXO1/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:609-621. [PMID: 33198615 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021999201116160247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis, characterized by bone loss, usually occurs with the increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. H2O2-induced MC3T3-E1 cells are commonly used for the study of osteoblastic activities, which play a crucial role in bone formation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of Phosphocreatine (PCr) on the osteoblastic activities in H2O2-induced MC3T3-E1 cells and elaborate on the possible molecular mechanism. METHODS The Osteoprotegerin (OPG)/Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand (RANKL) ratio and osteogenic markers were detected to investigate the effects of PCr on osteoblastic activities, and the osteoblastic apoptosis was detected using Hochest staining. Moreover, oxidative stress, Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) generation and the expression of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), Forkhead Box O 1 (FOXO1) and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Γ Coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) were also examined to uncover the possible molecular mechanism in H2O2-induced MC3T3-E1 cells. RESULT The results showed that PCr promoted the osteoblastic differentiation by increasing the expression levels of osteogenic markers of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), as well as increased the OPG/RANKL ratio and suppressed the osteoblastic apoptosis in H2O2-induced MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, treatment with PCr suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) over-generation and promoted the ATP production as well as increased the PGC-1α, FOXO1 and SIRT1 protein expression levels in H2O2-induced MC3T3-E1 cells. CONCLUSION PCr treatment could promote osteoblastic activities via suppressing oxidative stress and increasing the ATP generation in H2O2-induced MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, the positive effects of PCr on osteoblasts might be regulated by SIRT1/FOXO1/ PGC-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jing
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shijie Wen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Jin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mozhen Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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7
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The stem cell revolution: on the role of CD164 as a human stem cell marker. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:33. [PMID: 34103536 PMCID: PMC8187384 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurately defining hierarchical relationships between human stem cells and their progeny, and using this knowledge for new cellular therapies, will undoubtedly lead to further successful treatments for life threatening and chronic diseases, which represent substantial burdens on patient quality of life and to healthcare systems globally. Clinical translation relies in part on appropriate biomarker, in vitro manipulation and transplantation strategies. CD164 has recently been cited as an important biomarker for enriching both human haematopoietic and skeletal stem cells, yet a thorough description of extant human CD164 monoclonal antibody (Mab) characteristics, which are critical for identifying and purifying these stem cells, was not discussed in these articles. Here, we highlight earlier but crucial research describing these relevant characteristics, including the differing human CD164 Mab avidities and their binding sites on the human CD164 sialomucin, which importantly may affect subsequent stem cell function and fate.
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8
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Rossetti R, Rós FA, Souza LEBD, Maçonetto JDM, Costa PNMD, Ferreira FU, Borges JS, Carvalho JVD, Morotti NP, Kashima S, Covas DT. Hypoxia-cultured mouse mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow and compact bone display different phenotypic traits. Exp Cell Res 2020; 399:112434. [PMID: 33340494 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that the bone marrow microenvironment harbors two distinct populations of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), one with a perivascular location and other present in the endosteum. A better understanding of the biology of these MSC subsets has been pursued in order to refine its clinical application. However, most comparative characterizations of mouse MSC have been performed in normoxia. This can result in misleading interpretations since mouse MSC subsets with low/defective p53 activity are known to be selected during culture in normoxia. Here, we report a comprehensive in vitro characterization of mouse MSC isolated from bone marrow (BM-MSC) and compact bone (CB-MSC) expanded and assayed under hypoxia for their morphology, clonogenic efficiency and differentiation capacity. We found that, under hypoxia, compact bone is richer in absolute numbers of MSC and isolation of MSC from compact bone is associated with a reduced risk of hematopoietic cell carryover. In addition, CB-MSC have higher in vitro osteogenic capacity than BM-MSC, while adipogenic differentiation potential is similar. These findings reinforce the hypothesis of the existence of MSC in bone marrow and compact bone representing functionally distinct cell populations and highlight the compact bone as an efficient source of murine MSC under physiological oxygen concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Rossetti
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto - Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 2501 Tenente Catão Roxo Avenue, 14051-060, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Augusto Rós
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto - Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 2501 Tenente Catão Roxo Avenue, 14051-060, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Eduardo Botelho de Souza
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto - Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 2501 Tenente Catão Roxo Avenue, 14051-060, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Matos Maçonetto
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto - Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 2501 Tenente Catão Roxo Avenue, 14051-060, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Péricles Natan Mendes da Costa
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto - Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 2501 Tenente Catão Roxo Avenue, 14051-060, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ursoli Ferreira
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto - Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 2501 Tenente Catão Roxo Avenue, 14051-060, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josiane Serrano Borges
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto - Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 2501 Tenente Catão Roxo Avenue, 14051-060, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julianne Vargas de Carvalho
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto - Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 2501 Tenente Catão Roxo Avenue, 14051-060, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nayara Patrícia Morotti
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto - Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 2501 Tenente Catão Roxo Avenue, 14051-060, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Kashima
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto - Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 2501 Tenente Catão Roxo Avenue, 14051-060, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto - Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 2501 Tenente Catão Roxo Avenue, 14051-060, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Salhotra A, Shah HN, Levi B, Longaker MT. Mechanisms of bone development and repair. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:696-711. [PMID: 32901139 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone development occurs through a series of synchronous events that result in the formation of the body scaffold. The repair potential of bone and its surrounding microenvironment - including inflammatory, endothelial and Schwann cells - persists throughout adulthood, enabling restoration of tissue to its homeostatic functional state. The isolation of a single skeletal stem cell population through cell surface markers and the development of single-cell technologies are enabling precise elucidation of cellular activity and fate during bone repair by providing key insights into the mechanisms that maintain and regenerate bone during homeostasis and repair. Increased understanding of bone development, as well as normal and aberrant bone repair, has important therapeutic implications for the treatment of bone disease and ageing-related degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Salhotra
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Harsh N Shah
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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10
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Spatial Distributions, Characteristics, and Applications of Craniofacial Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8868593. [PMID: 32908545 PMCID: PMC7475745 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8868593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells play an irreplaceable role in the development, homeostasis, and regeneration of the craniofacial bone. Multiple populations of tissue-resident craniofacial skeletal stem cells have been identified in different stem cell niches, including the cranial periosteum, jawbone marrow, temporomandibular joint, cranial sutures, and periodontium. These cells exhibit self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation abilities. Here, we summarized the properties of craniofacial skeletal stem cells, based on their spatial distribution. Specifically, we focused on the in vivo genetic fate mapping of stem cells, by exploring specific stem cell markers and observing their lineage commitment in both the homeostatic and regenerative states. Finally, we discussed their application in regenerative medicine.
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11
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Chen P, Song M, Wang Y, Deng S, Hong W, Zhang X, Yu B. Identification of key genes of human bone marrow stromal cells adipogenesis at an early stage. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9484. [PMID: 32742785 PMCID: PMC7380279 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow adipocyte (BMA), closely associated with bone degeneration, shares common progenitors with osteoblastic lineage. However, the intrinsic mechanism of cells fate commitment between BMA and osteogenic lineage remains unclear. Methods Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE107789 publicly available was downloaded and analyzed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using GEO2R. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses of Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were conducted by The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery and Gene set enrichment analysis software. Protein-protein interactions (PPI) network was obtained using STRING database, visualized and clustered by Cytoscape software. Transcriptional levels of key genes were verified by real-time quantitative PCR in vitro in Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) undergoing adipogenic differentiation at day 7 and in vivo in ovariectomized mice model. Results A total of 2,869 DEGs, including 1,357 up-regulated and 1,512 down-regulated ones, were screened out from transcriptional profile of human BMSCs undergoing adipogenic induction at day 7 vs. day 0. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis, combined with modules analysis of PPI network, highlighted ACSL1, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors 3 (S1PR3), ZBTB16 and glypican 3 as key genes up-regulated at the early stage of BMSCs adipogenic differentiation. Furthermore, up-regulated mRNA expression levels of ACSL1, S1PR3 and ZBTB16 were confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion ACSL1, S1PR3 and ZBTB16 may play crucial roles in early regulation of BMSCs adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingrui Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yutian Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Songyun Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weisheng Hong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianrong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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12
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Lienemann PS, Vallmajo‐Martin Q, Papageorgiou P, Blache U, Metzger S, Kiveliö A, Milleret V, Sala A, Hoehnel S, Roch A, Reuten R, Koch M, Naveiras O, Weber FE, Weber W, Lutolf MP, Ehrbar M. Smart Hydrogels for the Augmentation of Bone Regeneration by Endogenous Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell Recruitment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903395. [PMID: 32274319 PMCID: PMC7141038 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of bone defects with recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) requires high doses precluding broad clinical application. Here, a bioengineering approach is presented that strongly improves low-dose BMP-2-based bone regeneration by mobilizing healing-associated mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs). Smart synthetic hydrogels are used to trap and study endogenous MPCs trafficking to bone defects. Hydrogel-trapped and prospectively isolated MPCs differentiate into multiple lineages in vitro and form bone in vivo. In vitro screenings reveal that platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) strongly recruits prospective MPCs making it a promising candidate for the engineering of hydrogels that enrich endogenous MPCs in vivo. However, PDGF-BB inhibits BMP-2-mediated osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, smart two-way dynamic release hydrogels with fast-release of PDGF-BB and sustained delivery of BMP-2 beneficially promote the healing of bone defects. Collectively, it is shown that modulating the dynamics of endogenous progenitor cells in vivo by smart synthetic hydrogels significantly improves bone healing and holds great potential for other advanced applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp S. Lienemann
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Queralt Vallmajo‐Martin
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Panagiota Papageorgiou
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Blache
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Metzger
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Anna‐Sofia Kiveliö
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Vincent Milleret
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
| | - Ana Sala
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
| | - Sylke Hoehnel
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Aline Roch
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Raphael Reuten
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal BiologyCenter for BiochemistryUniversity of CologneCologne50931Germany
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal BiologyCenter for BiochemistryUniversity of CologneCologne50931Germany
| | - Olaia Naveiras
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Franz E. Weber
- Department of Cranio‐Maxillofacial SurgeryOral Biotechnology and BioengineeringUniversity Hospital ZurichFrauenklinikstrasse 24Zurich8091Switzerland
| | - Wilfried Weber
- Faculty of Biology and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgSchänzlestr. 18Freiburg79104Germany
| | - Matthias P. Lutolf
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life Sciences and School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 15Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichSchmelzbergstr. 12Zurich8091Switzerland
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13
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Tratwal J, Labella R, Bravenboer N, Kerckhofs G, Douni E, Scheller EL, Badr S, Karampinos DC, Beck-Cormier S, Palmisano B, Poloni A, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Fretz J, Rodeheffer MS, Boroumand P, Rosen CJ, Horowitz MC, van der Eerden BCJ, Veldhuis-Vlug AG, Naveiras O. Reporting Guidelines, Review of Methodological Standards, and Challenges Toward Harmonization in Bone Marrow Adiposity Research. Report of the Methodologies Working Group of the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:65. [PMID: 32180758 PMCID: PMC7059536 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in bone marrow adiposity (BMA) has increased over the last decade due to its association with, and potential role, in a range of diseases (osteoporosis, diabetes, anorexia, cancer) as well as treatments (corticosteroid, radiation, chemotherapy, thiazolidinediones). However, to advance the field of BMA research, standardization of methods is desirable to increase comparability of study outcomes and foster collaboration. Therefore, at the 2017 annual BMA meeting, the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS) founded a working group to evaluate methodologies in BMA research. All BMAS members could volunteer to participate. The working group members, who are all active preclinical or clinical BMA researchers, searched the literature for articles investigating BMA and discussed the results during personal and telephone conferences. According to the consensus opinion, both based on the review of the literature and on expert opinion, we describe existing methodologies and discuss the challenges and future directions for (1) histomorphometry of bone marrow adipocytes, (2) ex vivo BMA imaging, (3) in vivo BMA imaging, (4) cell isolation, culture, differentiation and in vitro modulation of primary bone marrow adipocytes and bone marrow stromal cell precursors, (5) lineage tracing and in vivo BMA modulation, and (6) BMA biobanking. We identify as accepted standards in BMA research: manual histomorphometry and osmium tetroxide 3D contrast-enhanced μCT for ex vivo quantification, specific MRI sequences (WFI and H-MRS) for in vivo studies, and RT-qPCR with a minimal four gene panel or lipid-based assays for in vitro quantification of bone marrow adipogenesis. Emerging techniques are described which may soon come to complement or substitute these gold standards. Known confounding factors and minimal reporting standards are presented, and their use is encouraged to facilitate comparison across studies. In conclusion, specific BMA methodologies have been developed. However, important challenges remain. In particular, we advocate for the harmonization of methodologies, the precise reporting of known confounding factors, and the identification of methods to modulate BMA independently from other tissues. Wider use of existing animal models with impaired BMA production (e.g., Pfrt-/-, KitW/W-v) and development of specific BMA deletion models would be highly desirable for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Tratwal
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rossella Labella
- Tissue and Tumour Microenvironments Lab, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Biomechanics Lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eleni Douni
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Erica L. Scheller
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sammy Badr
- Univ. Lille, EA 4490 - PMOI - Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Radiologie et Imagerie Musculosquelettique, Lille, France
| | - Dimitrios C. Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Beck-Cormier
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
| | - Biagio Palmisano
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Antonella Poloni
- Hematology, Department of Clinic and Molecular Science, Università Politecnica Marche-AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria J. Moreno-Aliaga
- Centre for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jackie Fretz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Matthew S. Rodeheffer
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Parastoo Boroumand
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Mark C. Horowitz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Bram C. J. van der Eerden
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annegreet G. Veldhuis-Vlug
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Scarborough, ME, United States
- Jan van Goyen Medical Center/OLVG Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Annegreet G. Veldhuis-Vlug
| | - Olaia Naveiras
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Hematology Service, Departments of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Olaia Naveiras ;
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14
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" Bridging the Gap" Everything that Could Have Been Avoided If We Had Applied Gender Medicine, Pharmacogenetics and Personalized Medicine in the Gender-Omics and Sex-Omics Era. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010296. [PMID: 31906252 PMCID: PMC6982247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender medicine is the first step of personalized medicine and patient-centred care, an essential development to achieve the standard goal of a holistic approach to patients and diseases. By addressing the interrelation and integration of biological markers (i.e., sex) with indicators of psychological/cultural behaviour (i.e., gender), gender medicine represents the crucial assumption for achieving the personalized health-care required in the third millennium. However, ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ are often misused as synonyms, leading to frequent misunderstandings in those who are not deeply involved in the field. Overall, we have to face the evidence that biological, genetic, epigenetic, psycho-social, cultural, and environmental factors mutually interact in defining sex/gender differences, and at the same time in establishing potential unwanted sex/gender disparities. Prioritizing the role of sex/gender in physiological and pathological processes is crucial in terms of efficient prevention, clinical signs’ identification, prognosis definition, and therapy optimization. In this regard, the omics-approach has become a powerful tool to identify sex/gender-specific disease markers, with potential benefits also in terms of socio-psychological wellbeing for each individual, and cost-effectiveness for National Healthcare systems. “Being a male or being a female” is indeed important from a health point of view and it is no longer possible to avoid “sex and gender lens” when approaching patients. Accordingly, personalized healthcare must be based on evidence from targeted research studies aimed at understanding how sex and gender influence health across the entire life span. The rapid development of genetic tools in the molecular medicine approaches and their impact in healthcare is an example of highly specialized applications that have moved from specialists to primary care providers (e.g., pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic applications in routine medical practice). Gender medicine needs to follow the same path and become an established medical approach. To face the genetic, molecular and pharmacological bases of the existing sex/gender gap by means of omics approaches will pave the way to the discovery and identification of novel drug-targets/therapeutic protocols, personalized laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures (sex/gender-omics). In this scenario, the aim of the present review is not to simply resume the state-of-the-art in the field, rather an opportunity to gain insights into gender medicine, spanning from molecular up to social and psychological stances. The description and critical discussion of some key selected multidisciplinary topics considered as paradigmatic of sex/gender differences and sex/gender inequalities will allow to draft and design strategies useful to fill the existing gap and move forward.
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15
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Barrio-Hernandez I, Jafari A, Rigbolt KTG, Hallenborg P, Sanchez-Quiles V, Skovrind I, Akimov V, Kratchmarova I, Dengjel J, Kassem M, Blagoev B. Phosphoproteomic profiling reveals a defined genetic program for osteoblastic lineage commitment of human bone marrow-derived stromal stem cells. Genome Res 2019; 30:127-137. [PMID: 31831592 PMCID: PMC6961576 DOI: 10.1101/gr.248286.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into osteoblasts upon stimulation by signals present in their niche. Because the global signaling cascades involved in the early phases of MSCs osteoblast (OB) differentiation are not well-defined, we used quantitative mass spectrometry to delineate changes in human MSCs proteome and phosphoproteome during the first 24 h of their OB lineage commitment. The temporal profiles of 6252 proteins and 15,059 phosphorylation sites suggested at least two distinct signaling waves: one peaking within 30 to 60 min after stimulation and a second upsurge after 24 h. In addition to providing a comprehensive view of the proteome and phosphoproteome dynamics during early MSCs differentiation, our analyses identified a key role of serine/threonine protein kinase D1 (PRKD1) in OB commitment. At the onset of OB differentiation, PRKD1 initiates activation of the pro-osteogenic transcription factor RUNX2 by triggering phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion of the histone deacetylase HDAC7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inigo Barrio-Hernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital of Odense and University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer T G Rigbolt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Philip Hallenborg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Virginia Sanchez-Quiles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ida Skovrind
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Vyacheslav Akimov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Irina Kratchmarova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Joern Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital of Odense and University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blagoy Blagoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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16
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The shift in the balance between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells mediated by glucocorticoid receptor. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:377. [PMID: 31805987 PMCID: PMC6896503 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into several tissues, such as bone, cartilage, and fat. Glucocorticoids affect a variety of biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of various cell types, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, or chondrocytes. Glucocorticoids exert their function by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Physiological concentrations of glucocorticoids stimulate osteoblast proliferation and promote osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. However, pharmacological concentrations of glucocorticoids can not only induce apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes but can also reduce proliferation and inhibit the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells. Several signaling pathways, including the Wnt, TGFβ/BMP superfamily and Notch signaling pathways, transcription factors, post-transcriptional regulators, and other regulators, regulate osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis of MSCs mediated by GR. These signaling pathways target key transcription factors, such as Runx2 and TAZ for osteogenesis and PPARγ and C/EBPs for adipogenesis. Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis and osteoporosis are caused by various factors including dysfunction of bone marrow MSCs. Transplantation of MSCs is valuable in regenerative medicine for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, and other skeletal disorders. However, the mechanism of inducing MSCs to differentiate toward the osteogenic lineage is the key to an efficient treatment. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the imbalance between GR-mediated osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis of MSCs would not only help us to identify the pathogenic causes of glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis and osteoporosis but also promote future clinical applications for stem cell-based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Here, we primarily review the signaling mechanisms involved in adipogenesis and osteogenesis mediated by GR and discuss the factors that control the adipo-osteogenic balance.
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17
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Metabolic programming determines the lineage-differentiation fate of murine bone marrow stromal progenitor cells. Bone Res 2019; 7:35. [PMID: 31754546 PMCID: PMC6856123 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced bone marrow adipogenesis and impaired osteoblastogenesis have been observed in obesity, suggesting that the metabolic microenvironment regulates bone marrow adipocyte and osteoblast progenitor differentiation fate. To determine the molecular mechanisms, we studied two immortalized murine cell lines of adipocyte or osteoblast progenitors (BMSCsadipo and BMSCsosteo, respectively) under basal and adipogenic culture conditions. At baseline, BMSCsadipo, and BMSCsosteo exhibit a distinct metabolic program evidenced by the presence of specific global gene expression, cellular bioenergetics, and metabolomic signatures that are dependent on insulin signaling and glycolysis in BMSCsosteo versus oxidative phosphorylation in BMSCsadipo. To test the flexibility of the metabolic program, we treated BMSCsadipo with parathyroid hormone, S961 (an inhibitor of insulin signaling) and oligomycin (an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation). The treatment induced significant changes in cellular bioenergetics that were associated with decreased adipocytic differentiation. Similarly, 12 weeks of a high-fat diet in mice led to the expansion of adipocyte progenitors, enhanced adipocyte differentiation and insulin signaling in cultured BMSCs. Our data demonstrate that BMSC progenitors possess a distinct metabolic program and are poised to respond to exogenous metabolic cues that regulate their differentiation fate.
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18
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Salvador F, Llorente A, Gomis RR. From latency to overt bone metastasis in breast cancer: potential for treatment and prevention. J Pathol 2019; 249:6-18. [PMID: 31095738 PMCID: PMC6771808 DOI: 10.1002/path.5292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is present in a high percentage of breast cancer (BCa) patients with distant disease, especially in those with the estrogen receptor‐positive (ER+) subtype. Most cells that escape primary tumors are unable to establish metastatic lesions, which suggests that target organ microenvironments are hostile for tumor cells. This implies that BCa cells must achieve a process of speciation to adapt to the new conditions imposed in the new organ. Bone has unique characteristics that can be exploited by cancer cells: it undergoes constant remodeling and comprises diverse environments (including osteogenic, perivascular, and hematopoietic stem cell niches). This allows colonizing cells to take advantage of numerous adhesion molecules, matrix proteins, and soluble factors that facilitate homing, survival, and, eventually, metastatic outgrowth. However, in most cases, metastatic lesions enter into a latency state that can last months, years, or even decades, before forming a clinically detectable macrometastasis. This dormant state challenges the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy. Detecting which tumors are more prone to metastasize to bone and developing new specific therapies that target bone metastasis represent urgent clinical needs. Here, we review the biological mechanisms of BCa bone metastasis and provide the latest options of treatments and predictive markers that are currently in clinical use or are being tested in clinical assays. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Salvador
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Llorente
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger R Gomis
- Cancer Science Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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New Insights on Properties and Spatial Distributions of Skeletal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9026729. [PMID: 31281389 PMCID: PMC6589297 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9026729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) are postnatal self-renewing, multipotent, and skeletal lineage-committed progenitors that are capable of giving rise to cartilage, bone, and bone marrow stroma including marrow adipocytes and stromal cells in vitro and in an exogenous environment after transplantation in vivo. Identifying and isolating defined SSCs as well as illuminating their spatiotemporal properties contribute to our understating of skeletal biology and pathology. In this review, we revisit skeletal stem cells identified most recently and systematically discuss their origin and distributions.
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20
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Nehlin JO, Jafari A, Tencerova M, Kassem M. Aging and lineage allocation changes of bone marrow skeletal (stromal) stem cells. Bone 2019; 123:265-273. [PMID: 30946971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with decreased bone mass and accumulation of bone marrow adipocytes. Both bone forming osteoblastic cells and bone marrow adipocytes are derived from a stem cell population within the bone marrow stroma called bone marrow stromal (skeletal or mesenchymal) stem cells (BMSC). In the present review, we provide an overview, based on the current literature, regarding the physiological aging processes that cause changes in BMSC lineage allocation, enhancement of adipocyte and defective osteoblast differentiation, leading to gradual exhaustion of stem cell regenerative potential and defects in bone tissue homeostasis and metabolism. We discuss strategies to preserve the "youthful" state of BMSC, to reduce bone marrow age-associated adiposity, and to counteract the overall negative effects of aging on bone tissues with the aim of decreasing bone fragility and risk of fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan O Nehlin
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Clinical Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Abbas Jafari
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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21
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Hachemi Y, Rapp AE, Picke AK, Weidinger G, Ignatius A, Tuckermann J. Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoids on skeleton and bone regeneration after fracture. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:R75-R90. [PMID: 29588427 PMCID: PMC5976078 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid hormones (GCs) have profound effects on bone metabolism. Via their nuclear hormone receptor - the GR - they act locally within bone cells and modulate their proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. Consequently, high glucocorticoid levels - as present during steroid therapy or stress - impair bone growth and integrity, leading to retarded growth and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, respectively. Because of their profound impact on the immune system and bone cell differentiation, GCs also affect bone regeneration and fracture healing. The use of conditional-mutant mouse strains in recent research provided insights into the cell-type-specific actions of the GR. However, despite recent advances in system biology approaches addressing GR genomics in general, little is still known about the molecular mechanisms of GCs and GR in bone cells. Here, we review the most recent findings on the molecular mechanisms of the GR in general and the known cell-type-specific actions of the GR in mesenchymal cells and their derivatives as well as in osteoclasts during bone homeostasis, GC excess, bone regeneration and fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Hachemi
- Institute of Comparative Molecular EndocrinologyUlm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna E Rapp
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and BiomechanicsUlm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Picke
- Institute of Comparative Molecular EndocrinologyUlm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gilbert Weidinger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUlm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and BiomechanicsUlm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular EndocrinologyUlm University, Ulm, Germany
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22
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Clonal Analysis Delineates Transcriptional Programs of Osteogenic and Adipogenic Lineages of Adult Mouse Skeletal Progenitors. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:212-227. [PMID: 29937146 PMCID: PMC6067065 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone, cartilage, and marrow adipocytes are generated by skeletal progenitors, but the relationships between lineages and mechanisms controlling their differentiation are poorly understood. We established mouse clonal skeletal progenitors with distinct differentiation properties and analyzed their transcriptome. Unipotent osteogenic and adipogenic cells expressed specific transcriptional programs, whereas bipotent clones combined expression of those genes and did not show a unique signature. We tested potential regulators of lineage commitment and found that in the presence of interferon-γ (IFNγ) adipogenic clones can be induced to osteogenesis and that their adipogenic capacity is inhibited. Analysis of IFNγ-regulated genes showed that lineage signatures and fate commitment of skeletal progenitors were controlled by EGR1 and EGR2. Knockdown experiments revealed that EGR1 is a positive regulator of the adipogenic transcriptional program and differentiation capacity, whereas EGR2 inhibits the osteogenic program and potency. Therefore, our work revealed transcriptional signatures of osteogenic and adipogenic lineages and mechanism triggering cell fate. Bone marrow osteo- and adipogenic progenitors have specific transcriptional profiles Bipotent progenitors combine expression of osteogenic and adipogenic programs IFNγ inhibits adipogenesis and induces osteogenesis via downregulation of Egr1/Egr2 Egr1 maintains adipogenic and Egr2 suppresses osteogenic lineage commitment
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23
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Zhuang X, Hu G. In vitro Osteoclastogenesis Assays Using Primary Mouse Bone Marrow Cells. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e2875. [PMID: 34285989 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are a group of bone-absorbing cells to degenerate bone matrix and play pivotal roles in bone growth and homeostasis. The unbalanced induction of osteoclast differentiation (osteoclastogenesis) in pathological conditions, such as osteoporosis, arthritis and skeleton metastasis of cancer, causes great pain, bone fracture, hypercalcemia or even death to patients. In vitro osteoclastogenesis analysis is useful to better understand osteoclast formation in physiological and pathological conditions. Here we summarized an easy-to-follow osteoclastogenesis protocol, which is suitable to evaluate the effect of different factors (cytokines, small molecular chemicals and conditioned medium from cell culture) on osteoclast differentiation using primary murine bone marrow cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Zhuang
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohong Hu
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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24
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Amaroli A, Agas D, Laus F, Cuteri V, Hanna R, Sabbieti MG, Benedicenti S. The Effects of Photobiomodulation of 808 nm Diode Laser Therapy at Higher Fluence on the in Vitro Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. Front Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29527174 PMCID: PMC5829029 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature has supported the concept of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in bone regeneration as one of the most important applications in oro-maxillofacial reconstructions. However, the fate of the transplanted cells and their effects on the clinical outcome is still uncertain. Photobiomodulation (PBM) plays an important role in the acceleration of tissue regeneration and potential repair. The aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate the effectiveness of PBM with 808 nm diode laser therapy, using a flat-top hand-piece delivery system at a higher-fluence (64 J/cm2) irradiation (1 W, continuous-wave) on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). The BMSCs of 3 old female Balb-c mice were analyzed. The cells were divided into two groups: irradiated group and control group. In the former the cells were irradiated every 24 h during 0 day (T0), 5 (T1), 10 (T2), and 15 (T3) days, whereas the control group was non-irradiated. The results have shown that the 64 J/cm2 laser irradiation has increased the Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). Runx2 is the most important early marker of osteoblast differentiation. The higher-fluence suppressed the synthesis of adipogenic transcription factor (PPARγ), the pivotal transcription factor in adipogenic differentiation. Also, the osteogenic markers such as Osterix (Osx) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were upregulated with an increase in the matrix mineralization. Furthermore, western blotting data demonstrated that the laser therapy has induced a statistically valid increase in the synthesis of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) but had no effects on the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) production. The data has statistically validated the down-regulation of the important pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin IL-6, and IL-17 after 808 nm PBM exposition. An increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1rα and IL-10 was observed. These in vitro studies provide for first time the initial proof that the PBM of the 808 nm diode laser therapy with flat-top hand-piece delivery system at a higher-fluence irradiation of 64 J/cm2 (1 W/cm2) can modulate BMSCs differentiation in enhancing osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Amaroli
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, Laser Therapy Center, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dimitrios Agas
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Fulvio Laus
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cuteri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Reem Hanna
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, Laser Therapy Center, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, Laser Therapy Center, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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25
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Tang Y, Zhang L, Tu T, Li Y, Murray D, Tu Q, Chen JJ. MicroRNA-99a is a novel regulator of KDM6B-mediated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2162-2176. [PMID: 29377540 PMCID: PMC5867145 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal tissue originates from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with differentiation potential into the osteoblast lineage regulated by essential transcriptional and post‐transcriptional mechanisms. Recently, miRNAs and histone modifications have been identified as novel key regulators of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Here, we identified miR‐99a and its target lysine (K)‐specific demethylase 6B (KDM6B) gene as novel modulators of osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Microarray profiling and further validation by quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR revealed that miR‐99a was up‐regulated during osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs, and decreased in differentiated osteoblasts. Transfection of miR‐99a mimics inhibited osteoblastic commitment and differentiation of BMSCs, whereas inhibition of miR‐99a by inhibitors enhances these processes. KDM6B was determined as one of important targets of miR‐99a, which was further confirmed by luciferase assay of 3′‐UTR of KDM6B. Moreover, HOX gene level decreased after transfection of miR‐99a mimics in BMSCs, which indicated that KDM6B is a bona fide target of miR‐99a. Furthermore, in a model of in vivo bone regeneration, osteoblast‐specific gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments performed using cranial bone defects revealed that miR‐99a mimics‐transfected BMSCs reduced bone formation, and conversely, miR‐99a inhibitors‐transfected BMSCs increased in vivo bone formation. Tissue‐specific inhibition of miR‐99a may be a potential novel therapeutic approach for enhancing BMSCs‐based bone formation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Tang
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School & Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianchi Tu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yijia Li
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dana Murray
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qisheng Tu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jake Jinkun Chen
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Scott RW, Underhill TM. Methods and Strategies for Lineage Tracing of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1416:171-203. [PMID: 27236672 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3584-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal progenitors (MP) are found to varying extents in most tissues and organs. Their relationship to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remains unclear, however, both populations appear to share a number of properties as defined by functional assays, clonogenic activity, and genetic and cell surface markers. MSCs were originally defined by their in vitro colony forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) activity and their ability to contribute to various mesenchymal lineages (i.e. cartilage, bone, and fat). MSCs also appear to exhibit some unique properties, in that expanded clones in the absence of bone-inducing factors generate bone spicules/organs in vivo. Subsequent analysis of these elements has demonstrated that the transplanted cells directly contribute to multiple mesenchymal lineages. Our ability to study MP and/or MSC behavior and lineage potential in vivo has been hampered by a lack of suitable Cre lines in which to effectively genetically mark and follow the fate and activity of these cells in development, growth, homeostasis and following injury or in disease. The emergence of several new genetic lines is enabling us to now address critical questions regarding MP/MSC location, behavior, function, and fate. The use of these lines and others in conjunction with suitable reporter lines will be described for MP/MSC cell fate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wilder Scott
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences and Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, USA
| | - T Michael Underhill
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences and Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, USA.
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27
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Baumgart SJ, Najafova Z, Hossan T, Xie W, Nagarajan S, Kari V, Ditzel N, Kassem M, Johnsen SA. CHD1 regulates cell fate determination by activation of differentiation-induced genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:7722-7735. [PMID: 28475736 PMCID: PMC5570082 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordinated temporal and spatial activation of gene expression is essential for proper stem cell differentiation. The Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding protein 1 (CHD1) is a chromatin remodeler closely associated with transcription and nucleosome turnover downstream of the transcriptional start site (TSS). In this study, we show that CHD1 is required for the induction of osteoblast-specific gene expression, extracellular-matrix mineralization and ectopic bone formation in vivo. Genome-wide occupancy analyses revealed increased CHD1 occupancy around the TSS of differentiation-activated genes. Furthermore, we observed that CHD1-dependent genes are mainly induced during osteoblast differentiation and are characterized by higher levels of CHD1 occupancy around the TSS. Interestingly, CHD1 depletion resulted in increased pausing of RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) and decreased H2A.Z occupancy close to the TSS, but not at enhancer regions. These findings reveal a novel role for CHD1 during osteoblast differentiation and provide further insights into the intricacies of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms controlling cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Baumgart
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zeynab Najafova
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tareq Hossan
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wanhua Xie
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sankari Nagarajan
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vijayalakshmi Kari
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicholas Ditzel
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), University Hospital of Odense and University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), University Hospital of Odense and University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Steven A Johnsen
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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28
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SIRT3/SOD2 maintains osteoblast differentiation and bone formation by regulating mitochondrial stress. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:229-240. [PMID: 28914882 PMCID: PMC5762839 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed robust metabolic changes during cell differentiation. Mitochondria, the organelles where many vital metabolic reactions occur, may play an important role. Here, we report the involvement of SIRT3-regulated mitochondrial stress in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. In both the osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 and primary calvarial osteoblasts, robust mitochondrial biogenesis and supercomplex formation were observed during differentiation, accompanied by increased ATP production and decreased mitochondrial stress. Inhibition of mitochondrial activity or an increase in mitochondrial superoxide production significantly suppressed osteoblast differentiation. During differentiation, SOD2 was specifically induced to eliminate excess mitochondrial superoxide and protein oxidation, whereas SIRT3 expression was increased to enhance SOD2 activity through deacetylation of K68. Both SOD2 and SIRT3 knockdown resulted in suppression of differentiation. Meanwhile, mice deficient in SIRT3 exhibited obvious osteopenia accompanied by osteoblast dysfunction, whereas overexpression of SOD2 or SIRT3 improved the differentiation capability of primary osteoblasts derived from SIRT3-deficient mice. These results suggest that SIRT3/SOD2 is required for regulating mitochondrial stress and plays a vital role in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
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29
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Esteves CL, Sheldrake TA, Dawson L, Menghini T, Rink BE, Amilon K, Khan N, Péault B, Donadeu FX. Equine Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Retain a Pericyte-Like Phenotype. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:964-972. [PMID: 28376684 PMCID: PMC5510672 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been used in human and equine regenerative medicine, and interest in exploiting their potential has increased dramatically over the years. Despite significant effort to characterize equine MSCs, the actual origin of these cells and how much of their native phenotype is maintained in culture have not been determined. In this study, we investigated the relationship between MSCs, derived from adipose tissue (AT) and bone marrow (BM), and pericytes in the horse. Both pericyte (CD146, NG2, and αSMA) and MSC (CD29, CD90, and CD73) markers were detected in equine AT and colocalized around blood vessels. Importantly, as assessed by flow cytometry, both pericyte (CD146, NG2, and αSMA) and MSC (CD29, CD44, CD90, and CD105) markers were present in a majority (≥90%) of cells in cultures of AT-MSCs and BM-MSCs; however, levels of pericyte markers were variable within each of those populations. Moreover, the expression of pericyte markers was maintained for at least eight passages in both AT-MSCs and BM-MSCs. Hematopoietic (CD45) and endothelial (CD144) markers were also detected at low levels in MSCs by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Finally, in coculture experiments, AT-MSCs closely associated with networks produced by endothelial cells, resembling the natural perivascular location of pericytes in vivo. Our results indicate that equine MSCs originate from perivascular cells and moreover maintain a pericyte-like phenotype in culture. Therefore, we suggest that, in addition to classical MSC markers, pericyte markers such as CD146 could be used when assessing and characterizing equine MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tara A. Sheldrake
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Dawson
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Menghini
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Karin Amilon
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nusrat Khan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Péault
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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30
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EL-Sobky TA, El-Haddad A, Elsobky E, Elsayed SM, Sakr HM. Reversal of skeletal radiographic pathology in a case of malignant infantile osteopetrosis following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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31
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Predicting the Remaining Lifespan and Cultivation-Related Loss of Osteogenic Capacity of Bone Marrow Multipotential Stromal Cells Applicable across a Broad Donor Age Range. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:6129596. [PMID: 28298930 PMCID: PMC5337353 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6129596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives. Culture expanded multipotential stromal cells (MSCs) have considerable potential for bone regeneration therapy but their wider use is constrained by the lack of simple and predictive assays of functional potency. Extended passaging leads to loss of multipotency but speed of decline depends on MSC donor age. The aim of this study was to develop an assay predictive of MSC culture longevity applicable to a broad donor age range. Materials and Methods. Bone marrow (BM, n = 7) was obtained from a diverse range (2–72 years) of healthy donors. MSCs were culture expanded to senescence and their osteoprogenitor content, gene expression profiles, epigenetic signature, and telomere behaviour were measured throughout. Output data was combined for modelling purposes. Results. Regardless of donor age, cultures' osteoprogenitor content correlated better with remaining lifespan (population doublings before senescence, PD-BS) than proliferative history (accrued PDs). Individual gene's expression or telomere length did not predict PD-BS but methylation of individual CpG islands did, PRAMEF2 in particular (r = 0.775). Coupling the steep relationship of relative SPARC expression with PD-BS (r = −0.753) the formula SPARC × 1/PREMEF2 gave an improved correlation (r = −0.893). Conclusion. A formula based on SPARC mRNA and PRAMEF2 methylation may be used to predict remaining BM-MSC longevity and related loss of multipotentiality independent of donor age.
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32
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de Souza LEB, Malta TM, Kashima Haddad S, Covas DT. Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Pericytes: To What Extent Are They Related? Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1843-1852. [PMID: 27702398 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were initially identified as progenitors of skeletal tissues within mammalian bone marrow and cells with similar properties were also obtained from other tissues such as adipose and dental pulp. Although MSCs have been extensively investigated, their native behavior and in vivo identity remain poorly defined. Uncovering the in vivo identity of MSCs has been challenging due to the lack of exclusive cell markers, cellular alterations caused by culture methods, and extensive focus on in vitro properties for characterization. Although MSC site of origin influences their functional properties, these mesenchymal progenitors can be found in the perivascular space in virtually all organs from where they were obtained. However, the precise identity of MSCs within the vascular wall is highly controversial. The recurrent concept that MSCs correspond to pericytes in vivo has been supported mainly by their perivascular localization and expression of some molecular markers. However, this view has been a subject of controversy, in part, due to the application of loose criteria to define pericytes and due to the lack of a marker able to unequivocally identify these cells. Furthermore, recent evidences indicate that subpopulations of MSCs can be found at extravascular sites such as the endosteum. In this opinion review, we bring together the advances and pitfalls on the search for the in vivo identity of MSCs and highlight the recent evidences that suggest that perivascular MSCs are adventitial cells, acting as precursors of pericytes and other stromal cells during tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Eduardo Botelho de Souza
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil .,2 National Institute of Science and Technology for Stem Cell and Cell Therapy , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Tathiane Maistro Malta
- 2 National Institute of Science and Technology for Stem Cell and Cell Therapy , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil .,3 Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Simone Kashima Haddad
- 2 National Institute of Science and Technology for Stem Cell and Cell Therapy , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil .,2 National Institute of Science and Technology for Stem Cell and Cell Therapy , Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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33
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Salazar VS, Ohte S, Capelo LP, Gamer L, Rosen V. Specification of osteoblast cell fate by canonical Wnt signaling requires Bmp2. Development 2016; 143:4352-4367. [PMID: 27802170 DOI: 10.1242/dev.136879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced BMP or canonical Wnt (cWnt) signaling are therapeutic strategies employed to enhance bone formation and fracture repair, but the mechanisms each pathway utilizes to specify cell fate of bone-forming osteoblasts remain poorly understood. Among all BMPs expressed in bone, we find that singular deficiency of Bmp2 blocks the ability of cWnt signaling to specify osteoblasts from limb bud or bone marrow progenitors. When exposed to cWnts, Bmp2-deficient cells fail to progress through the Runx2/Osx1 checkpoint and thus do not upregulate multiple genes controlling mineral metabolism in osteoblasts. Cells lacking Bmp2 after induction of Osx1 differentiate normally in response to cWnts, suggesting that pre-Osx1+ osteoprogenitors are an essential source and a target of BMP2. Our analysis furthermore reveals Grainyhead-like 3 (Grhl3) as a transcription factor in the osteoblast gene regulatory network induced during bone development and bone repair, which acts upstream of Osx1 in a BMP2-dependent manner. The Runx2/Osx1 transition therefore receives crucial regulatory inputs from BMP2 that are not compensated for by cWnt signaling, and this is mediated at least in part by induction and activation of Grhl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S Salazar
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Satoshi Ohte
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
| | - Luciane P Capelo
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Talim, 330, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, CEP 12231-280, Brazil
| | - Laura Gamer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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34
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Vezzani B, Pierantozzi E, Sorrentino V. Not All Pericytes Are Born Equal: Pericytes from Human Adult Tissues Present Different Differentiation Properties. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1549-1558. [PMID: 27549576 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes (PCs) have been recognized for a long time only as structural cells of the blood vessels. The identification of tight contacts with endothelial cells and the ability to interact with surrounding cells through paracrine signaling revealed additional functions of PCs in maintaining the homeostasis of the perivascular environment. PCs got the front page, in the late 1990s, after the identification and characterization of a new embryonic cell population, the mesoangioblasts, from which PCs present in the adult organism are thought to derive. From these studies, it was clear that PCs were also endowed with multipotent mesodermal abilities. Furthermore, their ability to cross the vascular wall and to reconstitute skeletal muscle tissue after systemic injection opened the way to a number of studies aimed to develop therapeutic protocols for a cell therapy of muscular dystrophy. This has resulted in a major effort to characterize pericytic cell populations from skeletal muscle and other adult tissues. Additional studies also addressed their relationship with other cells of the perivascular compartment and with mesenchymal stem cells. These data have provided initial evidence that PCs from different adult tissues might be endowed with distinctive differentiation abilities. This would suggest that the multipotent mesenchymal ability of PCs might be restrained within different tissues, likely depending on the specific cell renewal and repair requirements of each tissue. This review presents current knowledge on human PCs and highlights recent data on the differentiation properties of PCs isolated from different adult tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Vezzani
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena , Siena, Italy
| | - Enrico Pierantozzi
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena , Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena , Siena, Italy
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35
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Characterization of Cellular and Molecular Heterogeneity of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9378081. [PMID: 27610142 PMCID: PMC5004045 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9378081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow-derived stromal stem cells (hBMSC) exhibit multiple functions, including differentiation into skeletal cells (progenitor function), hematopoiesis support, and immune regulation (nonprogenitor function). We have previously demonstrated the presence of morphological and functional heterogeneity of hBMSC cultures. In the present study, we characterized in detail two hTERT-BMSC clonal cell populations termed here CL1 and CL2 that represent an opposing phenotype with respect to morphology, markers expression: alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and CD146, and ex vivo differentiation potential. CL1 differentiated readily to osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes as shown by expression of lineage specific genes and proteins. Whole genome transcriptome profiling of CL1 versus CL2 revealed enrichment in CL1 of bone-, mineralization-, and skeletal muscle-related genes, for example, ALP, POSTN, IGFBP5 BMP4, and CXCL12. On the other hand, CL2 transcriptome was enriched in immune modulatory genes, for example, CD14, CD99, NOTCH3, CXCL6, CFB, and CFI. Furthermore, gene expression microarray analysis of osteoblast differentiated CL1 versus CL2 showed significant upregulation in CL1 of bone development and osteoblast differentiation genes which included several homeobox genes: TBX15, HOXA2 and HOXA10, and IGF1, FGFR3, BMP6, MCAM, ITGA10, IGFBP5, and ALP. siRNA-based downregulation of the ALP gene in CL1 impaired osteoblastic and adipocytic differentiation. Our studies demonstrate the existence of molecular and functional heterogeneity in cultured hBMSC. ALP can be employed to identify osteoblastic and adipocytic progenitor cells in the heterogeneous hBMSC cultures.
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Osinga R, Di Maggio N, Todorov A, Allafi N, Barbero A, Laurent F, Schaefer DJ, Martin I, Scherberich A. Generation of a Bone Organ by Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Through Endochondral Ossification. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1090-7. [PMID: 27334490 PMCID: PMC4954448 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : Recapitulation of endochondral ossification (ECO) (i.e., generation of marrow-containing ossicles through a cartilage intermediate) has relevance to develop human organotypic models for bone or hematopoietic cells and to engineer grafts for bone regeneration. Unlike bone marrow-derived stromal cells (also known as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells), adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) have so far failed to form a bone organ by ECO. The goal of the present study was to assess whether priming human ASC to a defined stage of chondrogenesis in vitro allows their autonomous ECO upon ectopic implantation. ASC were cultured either as micromass pellets or into collagen sponges in chondrogenic medium containing transforming growth factor-β3 and bone morphogenetic protein-6 for 4 weeks (early hypertrophic templates) or for two additional weeks in medium supplemented with β-glycerophosphate, l-thyroxin, and interleukin1-β to induce hypertrophic maturation (late hypertrophic templates). Constructs were implanted in vivo and analyzed after 8 weeks. In vitro, ASC deposited cartilaginous matrix positive for glycosaminoglycans, type II collagen, and Indian hedgehog. Hypertrophic maturation induced upregulation of type X collagen, bone sialoprotein, and matrix metalloproteinase13 (MMP13). In vivo, both early and late hypertrophic templates underwent cartilage remodeling, as assessed by MMP13- and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive staining, and developed bone ossicles, including bone marrow elements, although to variable degrees of efficiency. In situ hybridization for human-specific sequences and staining with a human specific anti-CD146 antibody demonstrated the direct contribution of ASC to bone and stromal tissue formation. In conclusion, despite their debated skeletal progenitor nature, human ASC can generate bone organs through ECO when suitably primed in vitro. SIGNIFICANCE Recapitulation of endochondral ossification (ECO) (i.e., generation of marrow-containing ossicles through a cartilage intermediate) has relevance to develop human organotypic models for bone or hematopoietic cells and to engineer grafts for bone regeneration. This study demonstrated that expanded, human adult adipose-derived stromal cells can generate ectopic bone through ECO, as previously reported for bone marrow stromal cells. This system can be used as a model in a variety of settings for mimicking ECO during development, physiology, or pathology (e.g., to investigate the role of BMPs, their receptors, and signaling pathways). The findings have also translational relevance in the field of bone regeneration, which, despite several advances in the domains of materials and surgical techniques, still faces various limitations before being introduced in the routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Osinga
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic, and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nunzia Di Maggio
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Atanas Todorov
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nima Allafi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic, and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Developmental Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Johannes Schaefer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic, and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Scherberich
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract
During the past decade preclinical studies have defined many of the mechanisms used by tumours to hijack the skeleton and promote bone metastasis. This has led to the development and widespread clinical use of bone-targeted drugs to prevent skeletal-related events. This understanding has also identified a critical dependency between colonizing tumour cells and the cells of bone. This is particularly important when tumour cells first arrive in bone, adapt to their new microenvironment and enter a long-lived dormant state. In this Review, we discuss the role of different bone cell types in supporting disseminated tumour cell dormancy and reactivation, and highlight the new opportunities this provides for targeting the bone microenvironment to control dormancy and bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter I Croucher
- Division of Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Michelle M McDonald
- Division of Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - T John Martin
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
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Sabali M, Mangano A, Lianos GD, Boni L, Dionigi G, Mangano A. Bone regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells: challenges and future perspectives in regenerative surgery. Regen Med 2016; 10:543-7. [PMID: 26237699 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Sabali
- Department of Craniofacial Development & Stem Cell Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 27, Tower, Guy's Hospital London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Georgios D Lianos
- Center for Biosystems & Genomic Network Medicine - CBS.GenNetMed, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GR 451 10, Greece.,Department of Surgery, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GR 451 10, Greece
| | - Luigi Boni
- Department of Surgical Sciences & Human Morphology, Insubria University Vares-Como, 1st Division of General Surgery Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Viale Luigi Borri 57, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Gianlorenzo Dionigi
- Department of Surgical Sciences & Human Morphology, Insubria University Vares-Como, 1st Division of General Surgery Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Viale Luigi Borri 57, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Alberto Mangano
- Department of Surgical Sciences & Human Morphology, Insubria University Vares-Como, 1st Division of General Surgery Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Viale Luigi Borri 57, 21100 Varese, Italy.,Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Viale Luigi Borri 57, 21100 Varese, Italy
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39
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Jones EA, Giannoudis PV, Kouroupis D. Bone repair with skeletal stem cells: rationale, progress to date and clinical application. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2016; 8:57-71. [PMID: 27247633 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x16642372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) contains stem cells for both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic lineages. Hematopoietic stem cells enable hematopoiesis to occur in a controlled manner in order to accurately compensate for the loss of short- as well as long-lived mature blood cells. The physiological role of nonhematopoietic BM stem cells, often referred to as multipotential stromal cells or skeletal stem cells (SSCs), is less understood. According to an authoritative current opinion, the main function of SSCs is to give rise to cartilage, bone, marrow fat and hematopoiesis-supportive stroma, in a specific sequence during embryonic and postnatal development. This review outlines recent advances in the understanding of origins and homeostatic functions of SSCs in vivo and highlights current and future SSC-based treatments for skeletal and joint disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Room 5.24 Clinical Sciences Building, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Leeds, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Biomedical Research, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University Campus of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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40
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Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration: From Cell-Based Therapies to Decellularised Engineered Extracellular Matrices. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9352598. [PMID: 26997959 PMCID: PMC4779529 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9352598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, autologous bone grafting represents the clinical gold standard in orthopaedic surgery. In certain cases, however, alternative techniques are required. The clinical utility of stem and stromal cells has been demonstrated for the repair and regeneration of craniomaxillofacial and long bone defects although clinical adoption of bone tissue engineering protocols has been very limited. Initial tissue engineering studies focused on the bone marrow as a source of cells for bone regeneration, and while a number of promising results continue to emerge, limitations to this technique have prompted the exploration of alternative cell sources, including adipose and muscle tissue. In this review paper we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cell sources with a focus on adipose tissue and the bone marrow. Additionally, we highlight the relatively recent paradigm of developmental engineering, which promotes the recapitulation of naturally occurring developmental processes to allow the implant to optimally respond to endogenous cues. Finally we examine efforts to apply lessons from studies into different cell sources and developmental approaches to stimulate bone growth by use of decellularised hypertrophic cartilage templates.
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Harkness L, Zaher W, Ditzel N, Isa A, Kassem M. CD146/MCAM defines functionality of human bone marrow stromal stem cell populations. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:4. [PMID: 26753846 PMCID: PMC4710006 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of surface markers for prospective isolation of functionally homogenous populations of human skeletal (stromal, mesenchymal) stem cells (hMSCs) is highly relevant for cell therapy protocols. Thus, we examined the possible use of CD146 to subtype a heterogeneous hMSC population. Methods Using flow cytometry and cell sorting, we isolated two distinct hMSC-CD146+ and hMSC-CD146− cell populations from the telomerized human bone marrow-derived stromal cell line (hMSC-TERT). Cells were examined for differences in their size, shape and texture by using high-content analysis and additionally for their ability to differentiate toward osteogenesis in vitro and form bone in vivo, and their migrational ability in vivo and in vitro was investigated. Results In vitro, the two cell populations exhibited similar growth rate and differentiation capacity to osteoblasts and adipocytes on the basis of gene expression and protein production of lineage-specific markers. In vivo, hMSC-CD146+ and hMSC-CD146− cells formed bone and bone marrow organ when implanted subcutaneously in immune-deficient mice. Bone was enriched in hMSC-CD146− cells (12.6 % versus 8.1 %) and bone marrow elements enriched in implants containing hMSC-CD146+ cells (0.5 % versus 0.05 %). hMSC-CD146+ cells exhibited greater chemotactic attraction in a transwell migration assay and, when injected intravenously into immune-deficient mice following closed femoral fracture, exhibited wider tissue distribution and significantly increased migration ability as demonstrated by bioluminescence imaging. Conclusion Our studies demonstrate that CD146 defines a subpopulation of hMSCs capable of bone formation and in vivo trans-endothelial migration and thus represents a population of hMSCs suitable for use in clinical protocols of bone tissue regeneration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0266-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Harkness
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Winslowparken 25.1, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Walid Zaher
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Winslowparken 25.1, 5000, Odense C, Denmark. .,Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, 4852 Ash Shaikh Hasan Ibn Abdullah Al Ash Shaikh, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nicholas Ditzel
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Winslowparken 25.1, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Adiba Isa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Winslowparken 25.1, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Winslowparken 25.1, 5000, Odense C, Denmark. .,Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark. .,Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, 4852 Ash Shaikh Hasan Ibn Abdullah Al Ash Shaikh, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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42
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Bone Marrow Stromal Stem Cells for Bone Repair: Basic and Translational Aspects. RECENT ADVANCES IN STEM CELLS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33270-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Tencerova M, Kassem M. The Bone Marrow-Derived Stromal Cells: Commitment and Regulation of Adipogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:127. [PMID: 27708616 PMCID: PMC5030474 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) microenvironment represents an important compartment of bone that regulates bone homeostasis and the balance between bone formation and bone resorption depending on the physiological needs of the organism. Abnormalities of BM microenvironmental dynamics can lead to metabolic bone diseases. BM stromal cells (also known as skeletal or mesenchymal stem cells) [bone marrow stromal stem cell (BMSC)] are multipotent stem cells located within BM stroma and give rise to osteoblasts and adipocytes. However, cellular and molecular mechanisms of BMSC lineage commitment to adipocytic lineage and regulation of BM adipocyte formation are not fully understood. In this review, we will discuss recent findings pertaining to identification and characterization of adipocyte progenitor cells in BM and the regulation of differentiation into mature adipocytes. We have also emphasized the clinical relevance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Tencerova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Michaela Tencerova,
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense, Denmark
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Prospective isolation of resident adult human mesenchymal stem cell population from multiple organs. Int J Hematol 2015; 103:138-44. [PMID: 26676805 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-015-1921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have the potential to form colonies in culture and reside in adult tissues. Because MSCs have been defined using cells cultured in vitro, discrepancies have arisen between studies concerning their properties. There are also differences between populations obtained using different isolation methods. This review article focuses on recent developments in the identification of novel MSC markers for the in vivo localization and prospective isolation of human MSCs. The prospective isolation method described in this study represents an important strategy for the isolation of MSCs in a short period of time, and may find applications for regenerative medicine. Purified MSCs can be tailored according to their intended clinical therapeutic applications. Lineage tracing methods define the MSC phenotype and can be used to investigate the physiological roles of MSCs in vivo. These findings may facilitate the development of effective stem cell treatments.
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45
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Lattanzi W, Parolisi R, Barba M, Bonfanti L. Osteogenic and Neurogenic Stem Cells in Their Own Place: Unraveling Differences and Similarities Between Niches. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:455. [PMID: 26635534 PMCID: PMC4656862 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although therapeutic use of stem cells (SCs) is already available in some tissues (cornea, blood, and skin), in most organs we are far from reaching the translational goal of regenerative medicine. In the nervous system, due to intrinsic features which make it refractory to regeneration/repair, it is very hard to obtain functionally integrated regenerative outcomes, even starting from its own SCs (the neural stem cells; NSCs). Besides NSCs, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have also been proposed for therapeutic purposes in neurological diseases. Yet, direct (regenerative) and indirect (bystander) effects are often confused, as are MSCs and bone marrow-derived (stromal, osteogenic) stem cells (BMSCs), whose plasticity is actually overestimated (i.e., trans-differentiation along non-mesodermal lineages, including neural fates). In order to better understand failure in the "regenerative" use of SCs for neurological disorders, it could be helpful to understand how NSCs and BMSCs have adapted to their respective organ niches. In this perspective, here the adult osteogenic and neurogenic niches are considered and compared within their in vivo environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Lattanzi
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy ; Latium Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank , Rome , Italy
| | - Roberta Parolisi
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO) , Orbassano , Italy ; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Marta Barba
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Luca Bonfanti
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO) , Orbassano , Italy ; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin , Turin , Italy
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Aldahmash A. Skeletal stem cells and their contribution to skeletal fragility: senescence and rejuvenation. Biogerontology 2015; 17:297-304. [PMID: 26510555 PMCID: PMC4819465 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9623-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Age-related osteoporotic fractures are major health care problem worldwide and are the result of impaired bone formation, decreased bone mass and bone fragility. Bone formation is accomplished by skeletal stem cells (SSC) that are recruited to bone surfaces from bone marrow microenvironment. This review discusses targeting SSC to enhance bone formation and to abolish age-related bone fragility in the context of using stem cells for treatment of age-related disorders. Recent studies are presented that have demonstrated that SSC exhibit impaired functions during aging due to intrinsic senescence-related changes as well as the presence of senescent microenvironment. Also, a number of approaches aiming at increasing bone formation through targeting SSC and that include systemic SSC transplantation, systemic SSC targeting using aptamers or antibodies, use of therapeutic screteome and tissue engineering approaches will be presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Aldahmash
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital of Odense, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
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Secretion of PDGF isoforms during osteoclastogenesis and its modulation by anti-osteoclast drugs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 462:159-64. [PMID: 25951977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to identify secretory products of osteoclasts that mediate the coupling of bone formation to resorption, we found that along with osteoclast differentiation, PDGF-A gene expression increase occurred first, by 12 h after stimulation of bone marrow macrophages with M-CSF and RANKL, and peaked at 36 h. This was next followed by a progressive increase in PDGF-B gene expression until a peak at 60 h, when mature osteoclasts formed. Isoform-specific ELISA of the conditioned medium collected every 24 h revealed that all three of the isoforms of PDGF-AA, AB and BB were secreted, in this temporal order as differentiation proceeded. Their secretion was enhanced when osteoclasts were activated by placing them on dentin slices. The secretion of all three isoforms was decreased in cathepsin K-deficient osteoclasts compared with wild-type osteoclasts. Pharmacological inhibition of cathepsin K with odanacatib also inhibited the secretion of all three isoforms, as was also the case with alendronate treatment. The secretion of sphingosine-1-phosphate, which increased during osteoclastogenesis, was reduced from cathepsin K-deficient osteoclasts, and was inhibited by treatment with odanacatib more profoundly than with alendronate. Thus, all three isoforms of PDGF, which are secreted at distinct differentiation stages of osteoclasts, appear to have distinct roles in the cell-cell communication that takes place in the microenvironment of bone remodeling, especially from the osteoclast lineage to mesenchymal cells and vascular cells, thereby stimulating osteogenesis and angiogenesis.
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