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van der Westhuizen ET. Single nucleotide variations encoding missense mutations in G protein-coupled receptors may contribute to autism. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 36787962 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition with a range of symptoms that vary in intensity and severity from person to person. Genetic sequencing has identified thousands of genes containing mutations in autistic individuals, which may contribute to the development of autistic symptoms. Several of these genes encode G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are cell surface expressed proteins that transduce extracellular messages to the intracellular space. Mutations in GPCRs can impact their function, resulting in aberrant signalling within cells and across neurotransmitter systems in the brain. This review summarises the current knowledge on autism-associated single nucleotide variations encoding missense mutations in GPCRs and the impact of these genetic mutations on GPCR function. For some autism-associated mutations, changes in GPCR expression levels, ligand affinity, potency and efficacy have been observed. However, for many the functional consequences remain unknown. Thus, further work to characterise the functional impacts of the genetically identified mutations is required.
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Martín-Guerrero SM, Alonso P, Iglesias A, Cimadevila M, Brea J, Loza MI, Casado P, Martín-Oliva D, Cutillas PR, González-Maeso J, López-Giménez JF. His452Tyr polymorphism in the human 5-HT 2A receptor affects clozapine-induced signaling networks revealed by quantitative phosphoproteomics. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 185:114440. [PMID: 33539816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs remain the current standard for schizophrenia treatment. Although they directly recognize the orthosteric binding site of numerous monoaminergic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), these drugs, and particularly second-generation antipsychotics such as clozapine, all have in common a very high affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR). Using classical pharmacology and targeted signaling pathway assays, previous findings suggest that clozapine and other atypical antipsychotics behave principally as 5-HT2AR neutral antagonists and/or inverse agonists. However, more recent findings showed that antipsychotics may also behave as pathway-specific agonists. Reversible phosphorylation is a common element in multiple signaling networks. Combining a quantitative phosphoproteomic method with signaling network analysis, we tested the effect of clozapine treatment on the overall level of protein phosphorylation and signal transduction cascades in vitro in mammalian cell lines induced to express either the human 5-HT2AR or the H452Y variant of the gene encoding the 5-HT2AR receptor. This naturally occurring variation within the 5-HT2AR gene was selected because it has been repeatedly associated with schizophrenia patients who do not respond to clozapine treatment. Our data show that short time exposure (5 or 10 min) to clozapine (10-5 M) led to phosphorylation of numerous signaling components of pathways involved in processes such as endocytosis, ErbB signaling, insulin signaling or estrogen signaling. Cells induced to express the H452Y variant showed a different basal phosphoproteome, with increases in the phosphorylation of mTOR signaling components as a translationally relevant example. However, the effect of clozapine on the functional landscape of the phosphoproteome was significantly reduced in cells expressing the 5-HT2AR-H452Y construct. Together, these findings suggest that clozapine behaves as an agonist inducing phosphorylation of numerous pathways downstream of the 5-HT2AR, and that the single nucleotide polymorphism encoding 5-HT2AR-H452Y affects these clozapine-induced phosphorylation-dependent signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Alonso
- Biofarma Research Group, Depto Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de investigación CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela. Spain
| | - Alba Iglesias
- Biofarma Research Group, Depto Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de investigación CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela. Spain
| | - Marta Cimadevila
- Biofarma Research Group, Depto Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de investigación CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela. Spain
| | - José Brea
- Biofarma Research Group, Depto Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de investigación CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela. Spain
| | - M Isabel Loza
- Biofarma Research Group, Depto Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de investigación CIMUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela. Spain
| | - Pedro Casado
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - David Martín-Oliva
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada. Spain
| | - Pedro R Cutillas
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Javier González-Maeso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Juan F López-Giménez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", CSIC, E-18016 Granada, Spain.
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Modifiers in Drosophila Reveal the Phospholipase D Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Target. Genetics 2020; 215:747-766. [PMID: 32345615 PMCID: PMC7337071 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder lacking effective treatments. ALS pathology is linked to mutations in several different genes indicating... Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder lacking effective treatments. ALS pathology is linked to mutations in >20 different genes indicating a complex underlying genetic architecture that is effectively unknown. Here, in an attempt to identify genes and pathways for potential therapeutic intervention and explore the genetic circuitry underlying Drosophila models of ALS, we carry out two independent genome-wide screens for modifiers of degenerative phenotypes associated with the expression of transgenic constructs carrying familial ALS-causing alleles of FUS (hFUSR521C) and TDP-43 (hTDP-43M337V). We uncover a complex array of genes affecting either or both of the two strains, and investigate their activities in additional ALS models. Our studies indicate the pathway that governs phospholipase D activity as a major modifier of ALS-related phenotypes, a notion supported by data we generated in mice and others collected in humans.
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Luo LD, Li G, Wang Y. PLD1 promotes dendritic spine development by inhibiting ADAM10-mediated N-cadherin cleavage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6035. [PMID: 28729535 PMCID: PMC5519554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synapses are the basic units of information transmission, processing and integration in the nervous system. Dysfunction of the synaptic development has been recognized as one of the main reasons for mental dementia and psychiatric diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and autism. However, the underlying mechanisms of the synapse formation are far from clear. Here we report that phospholipase D1 (PLD1) promotes the development of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons. We found that overexpressing PLD1 increases both the density and the area of dendritic spines. On the contrary, loss of function of PLD1, including overexpression of the catalytically-inactive PLD1 (PLD1ci) or knocking down PLD1 by siRNAs, leads to reduction in the spine density and the spine area. Moreover, we found that PLD1 promotes the dendritic spine development via regulating the membrane level of N-cadherin. Further studies showed that the regulation of surface N-cadherin by PLD1 is related with the cleavage of N-cadherin by a member of the disintegrin and metalloprotease family-ADAM10. Taking together, our results indicate a positive role of PLD1 in synaptogenesis by inhibiting the ADAM10 mediated N-cadherin cleavage and provide new therapeutic clues for some neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Da Luo
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Gang Li
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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