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Lösslein AK, Henneke P. Macrophage Differentiation and Metabolic Adaptation in Mycobacterial Infections. Annu Rev Immunol 2025; 43:423-450. [PMID: 40014665 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-120757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2025]
Abstract
The adaptation of macrophages-the most common tissue-resident immune cells-to metabolic and microbial cues with high local variability is essential for the maintenance of organ integrity. In homeostasis, macrophages show largely predictable tissue-specific differentiation, as recently revealed by multidimensional methods. However, chronic infections with human-adapted pathogens substantially contribute to the differentiation complexity of tissue macrophages, which has been only partially resolved. Specifically, the response to mycobacterial species-which range from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (with highest specificity for humans, broad organ tropism, yet tissue-specific disease phenotypes) to environmental mycobacteria with humans as accidental hosts-may serve as a paradigm of tissue macrophage adaptation mechanisms. While mycobacterial species-specific tissue preferences are partially related to the mode of acquisition and pathogen characteristics, evolutionary convergence with macrophages driven by metabolic features of the target organ likely contributes to infection resistance and immunopathology. In this review, we unravel the mechanisms of tissue-specific macrophage differentiation and its limitations in mycobacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kathrin Lösslein
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Control, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Control, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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2
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Li K, Lu L, Yao X, Wu Z, Sun P, Wen X, Li X, Wang K, Yin X. The NFATC2/Nrf2 cascade regulates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury by controlling inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Regen Ther 2025; 28:126-133. [PMID: 39720703 PMCID: PMC11666890 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 11/20/2024] [Indexed: 12/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury (SCII) can cause major autonomic, sensory, and motor damage and loss. The upregulation of Nrf2, a primary orchestrator of the oxidative stress response, has beneficial effects in SCII. Here, we aimed to uncover a SCII-related transcription factor that is able to elevate Nrf2 expression. Rat PC12 cells were subjected to treatment with oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to induce an in vitro neuronal IR injury model. A rat model of SCII was established by blocking the left common carotid artery and aortic arch in SD rats. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. IL-1β and TNF-α levels were detected by ELISA. The oxidative stress was tested by assessing ROS and MDA contents and SOD and GSH-Px activity. The NFATC2/Nrf2 relationship was predicted by bioinformatic analysis and validated by ChIP and luciferase reporter assays. Nrf2 and NFATC2 levels were reduced in PC12 cells after OGD/R treatment. Nrf2 increase significantly attenuated OGD/R-triggered inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress in PC12 cells. Moreover, Nrf2 increase alleviated spinal cord pathological changes, inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress in rats after SCII. Mechanistically, NFATC2 could activate Nrf2 transcription and promote its expression. Nrf2 reduction exerted a counteracting impact on NFATC2's anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidative stress functions in PC12 cells under OGD/R conditions. Our study demonstrates that the NFATC2/Nrf2 cascade has a regulatory capacity in inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress after SCII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunbin Li
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Liming Lu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xianli Yao
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Pingge Sun
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wen
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Xiaoxing Li
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Xiran Yin
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
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Silberman J, Olagbiyan M, Moore E. Metformin Treatment of Macrophages Increases Microvessel Growth in Three-Dimensional Hydrogel Coculture. Tissue Eng Part A 2024; 30:460-472. [PMID: 38308479 PMCID: PMC11573715 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The global population is aging rapidly, posing unprecedented challenges to health care systems. This study investigates the often-overlooked role of macrophages in microvascular dysfunction associated with aging. We use a three-dimensional in vitro hydrogel model to assess the effects of both age and metformin, an anti-aging therapeutic, on macrophage interactions with microvasculature. Metformin's broad cellular impact is a subject of significant interest, yet its precise mechanisms remain unclear. Our research reveals that metformin treatment enhances genetic pathways associated with macrophage-mediated support of angiogenesis, resulting in increased microvessel density. Of importance, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression is upregulated with metformin treatment and positively correlated with microvascular volume, shedding light on a potential mechanism for metformin's promotion of macrophage support of vasculogenesis. This work not only uncovers metformin's impact on human macrophages but also supports its potential as an antiaging therapeutic, offering new avenues for combating age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Silberman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Olagbiyan
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Erika Moore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Santos-Ribeiro D, Cunha C, Carvalho A. Humoral pathways of innate immune regulation in granuloma formation. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:419-427. [PMID: 38762333 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The humoral arm of mammalian innate immunity regulates several molecular mechanisms involved in resistance to pathogens, inflammation, and tissue repair. Recent studies highlight the crucial role played by humoral mediators in granulomatous inflammation. However the molecular mechanisms linking the function of these soluble molecules to the initiation and maintenance of granulomas remain elusive. We propose that humoral innate immunity coordinates fundamental physiological processes in macrophages which, in turn, initiate activation and transformation events that enable granuloma formation. We discuss the involvement of humoral mediators in processes such as immune activation, phagocytosis, metabolism, and tissue remodeling, and how these can dictate macrophage functionality during granuloma formation. These advances present opportunities for discovering novel disease factors and developing targeted, more effective treatments for granulomatous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Santos-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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He P, Zhao B, He W, Song Z, Pei S, Liu D, Xia H, Wang S, Ou X, Zheng Y, Zhou Y, Song Y, Wang Y, Cao X, Xing R, Zhao Y. Impact of MSMEG5257 Deletion on Mycolicibacterium smegmatis Growth. Microorganisms 2024; 12:770. [PMID: 38674714 PMCID: PMC11052289 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial membrane proteins play a pivotal role in the bacterial invasion of host cells; however, the precise mechanisms underlying certain membrane proteins remain elusive. Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (Ms) msmeg5257 is a hemolysin III family protein that is homologous to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) Rv1085c, but it has an unclear function in growth. To address this issue, we utilized the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editor to construct Δmsmeg5257 strains and combined RNA transcription and LC-MS/MS protein profiling to determine the functional role of msmeg5257 in Ms growth. The correlative analysis showed that the deletion of msmeg5257 inhibits ABC transporters in the cytomembrane and inhibits the biosynthesis of amino acids in the cell wall. Corresponding to these results, we confirmed that MSMEG5257 localizes in the cytomembrane via subcellular fractionation and also plays a role in facilitating the transport of iron ions in environments with low iron levels. Our data provide insights that msmeg5257 plays a role in maintaining Ms metabolic homeostasis, and the deletion of msmeg5257 significantly impacts the growth rate of Ms. Furthermore, msmeg5257, a promising drug target, offers a direction for the development of novel therapeutic strategies against mycobacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping He
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (P.H.); (B.Z.); (W.H.); (Z.S.); (D.L.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (X.O.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (R.X.)
| | - Bing Zhao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (P.H.); (B.Z.); (W.H.); (Z.S.); (D.L.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (X.O.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (R.X.)
| | - Wencong He
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (P.H.); (B.Z.); (W.H.); (Z.S.); (D.L.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (X.O.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (R.X.)
| | - Zexuan Song
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (P.H.); (B.Z.); (W.H.); (Z.S.); (D.L.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (X.O.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (R.X.)
| | - Shaojun Pei
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Dongxin Liu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (P.H.); (B.Z.); (W.H.); (Z.S.); (D.L.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (X.O.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (R.X.)
| | - Hui Xia
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (P.H.); (B.Z.); (W.H.); (Z.S.); (D.L.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (X.O.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (R.X.)
| | - Shengfen Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (P.H.); (B.Z.); (W.H.); (Z.S.); (D.L.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (X.O.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (R.X.)
| | - Xichao Ou
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (P.H.); (B.Z.); (W.H.); (Z.S.); (D.L.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (X.O.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (R.X.)
| | - Yang Zheng
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (P.H.); (B.Z.); (W.H.); (Z.S.); (D.L.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (X.O.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (R.X.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (P.H.); (B.Z.); (W.H.); (Z.S.); (D.L.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (X.O.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (R.X.)
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (P.H.); (B.Z.); (W.H.); (Z.S.); (D.L.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (X.O.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (R.X.)
| | - Yiting Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (P.H.); (B.Z.); (W.H.); (Z.S.); (D.L.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (X.O.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (R.X.)
| | - Xiaolong Cao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (P.H.); (B.Z.); (W.H.); (Z.S.); (D.L.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (X.O.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (R.X.)
| | - Ruida Xing
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (P.H.); (B.Z.); (W.H.); (Z.S.); (D.L.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (X.O.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (R.X.)
| | - Yanlin Zhao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; (P.H.); (B.Z.); (W.H.); (Z.S.); (D.L.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (X.O.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (R.X.)
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Martin Flores N, Podpolny M, McLeod F, Workman I, Crawford K, Ivanov D, Leonenko G, Escott-Price V, Salinas PC. Downregulation of Dickkopf-3, a Wnt antagonist elevated in Alzheimer's disease, restores synapse integrity and memory in a disease mouse model. eLife 2024; 12:RP89453. [PMID: 38285009 PMCID: PMC10945611 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports a role for deficient Wnt signaling in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies reveal that the secreted Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) colocalizes to amyloid plaques in AD patients. Here, we investigate the contribution of DKK3 to synapse integrity in healthy and AD brains. Our findings show that DKK3 expression is upregulated in the brains of AD subjects and that DKK3 protein levels increase at early stages in the disease. In hAPP-J20 and hAPPNL-G-F/NL-G-F mouse AD models, extracellular DKK3 levels are increased and DKK3 accumulates at dystrophic neuronal processes around plaques. Functionally, DKK3 triggers the loss of excitatory synapses through blockade of the Wnt/GSK3β signaling with a concomitant increase in inhibitory synapses via activation of the Wnt/JNK pathway. In contrast, DKK3 knockdown restores synapse number and memory in hAPP-J20 mice. Collectively, our findings identify DKK3 as a novel driver of synaptic defects and memory impairment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Martin Flores
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Marina Podpolny
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Faye McLeod
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Isaac Workman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Karen Crawford
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Dobril Ivanov
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Ganna Leonenko
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Patricia C Salinas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Kwok ML, Geyer M, Chan WC, Zhao S, Gu L, Huang F, Vogel SM, Petukhov PA, Komarova Y. Targeting EB3-IP 3R3 Interface with Cognate Peptide Protects from Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:391-403. [PMID: 37290041 PMCID: PMC10557916 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0217oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a lung disease characterized by acute onset of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, hypoxemia, and respiratory insufficiency. The current treatment for ARDS is mainly supportive in nature, providing a critical need for targeted pharmacological management. We addressed this medical problem by developing a pharmacological treatment for pulmonary vascular leakage, a culprit of alveolar damage and lung inflammation. Our novel therapeutic target is the microtubule accessory factor EB3 (end binding protein 3), which contributes to pulmonary vascular leakage by amplifying pathological calcium signaling in endothelial cells in response to inflammatory stimuli. EB3 interacts with IP3R3 (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 3) and orchestrates calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum stores. Here, we designed and tested the therapeutic benefits of a 14-aa peptide named CIPRI (cognate IP3 receptor inhibitor), which disrupted EB3-IP3R3 interaction in vitro and in lungs of mice challenged with endotoxin. Treatment with CIPRI or depletion of IP3R3 in lung microvascular endothelial monolayers mitigated calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum stores and prevented a disassembly of vascular endothelial cadherin junctions in response to the proinflammatory mediator α-thrombin. Furthermore, intravenous administration of CIPRI in mice mitigated inflammation-induced lung injury, blocked pulmonary microvascular leakage, prevented activation of NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) signaling, and reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines in the lung tissue. CIPRI also improved survival of mice from endotoxemia and polymicrobial sepsis. Together, these data demonstrate that targeting EB3-IP3R3 interaction with a cognate peptide is a promising strategy to address hyperpermeability of microvessels in inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Long Kwok
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, and
| | - Melissa Geyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, and
| | - Wan Ching Chan
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, and
| | - Shuangping Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, and
| | - Lianzhi Gu
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, and
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, and
| | - Steven M. Vogel
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, and
| | - Pavel A. Petukhov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yulia Komarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, and
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Abstract
Modelling adult diseases to understand their aetiology and progression, and to develop new therapies, is a major challenge for medical biology. We are excited by new efforts in the zebrafish community to develop models of adult diseases that range from cancer to heart, infectious and age-related diseases, and those that relate to toxicology and complex social behaviours. Here, we discuss some of the advances in the field of zebrafish models of adult disease, and where we see opportunities and challenges ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. White
- Ludwig Cancer Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - E. Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, CRUK Scotland Centre and Edinburgh Cancer Research, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH42XU, UK
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