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Babushku T, Lechner M, Ehrenberg S, Rambold U, Schmidt-Supprian M, Yates AJ, Rane S, Zimber-Strobl U, Strobl LJ. Notch2 controls developmental fate choices between germinal center and marginal zone B cells upon immunization. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1960. [PMID: 38438375 PMCID: PMC10912316 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustained Notch2 signals induce trans-differentiation of Follicular B (FoB) cells into Marginal Zone B (MZB) cells in mice, but the physiology underlying this differentiation pathway is still elusive. Here, we demonstrate that most B cells receive a basal Notch signal, which is intensified in pre-MZB and MZB cells. Ablation or constitutive activation of Notch2 upon T-cell-dependent immunization reveals an interplay between antigen-induced activation and Notch2 signaling, in which FoB cells that turn off Notch2 signaling enter germinal centers (GC), while high Notch2 signaling leads to generation of MZB cells or to initiation of plasmablast differentiation. Notch2 signaling is dispensable for GC dynamics but appears to be re-induced in some centrocytes to govern expansion of IgG1+ GCB cells. Mathematical modelling suggests that antigen-activated FoB cells make a Notch2 dependent binary fate-decision to differentiate into either GCB or MZB cells. This bifurcation might serve as a mechanism to archive antigen-specific clones into functionally and spatially diverse B cell states to generate robust antibody and memory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Babushku
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Research Group B Cell Development and Activation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Lechner
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Research Group B Cell Development and Activation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ehrenberg
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Research Group B Cell Development and Activation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ursula Rambold
- Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew J Yates
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sanket Rane
- Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, 1190 Amsterdam Ave, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Ursula Zimber-Strobl
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Research Group B Cell Development and Activation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Lothar J Strobl
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Research Group B Cell Development and Activation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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Staniek J, Kalina T, Andrieux G, Boerries M, Janowska I, Fuentes M, Díez P, Bakardjieva M, Stancikova J, Raabe J, Neumann J, Schwenk S, Arpesella L, Stuchly J, Benes V, García Valiente R, Fernández García J, Carsetti R, Piano Mortari E, Catala A, de la Calle O, Sogkas G, Neven B, Rieux-Laucat F, Magerus A, Neth O, Olbrich P, Voll RE, Alsina L, Allende LM, Gonzalez-Granado LI, Böhler C, Thiel J, Venhoff N, Lorenzetti R, Warnatz K, Unger S, Seidl M, Mielenz D, Schneider P, Ehl S, Rensing-Ehl A, Smulski CR, Rizzi M. Non-apoptotic FAS signaling controls mTOR activation and extrafollicular maturation in human B cells. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadj5948. [PMID: 38215192 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adj5948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Defective FAS (CD95/Apo-1/TNFRSF6) signaling causes autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS). Hypergammaglobulinemia is a common feature in ALPS with FAS mutations (ALPS-FAS), but paradoxically, fewer conventional memory cells differentiate from FAS-expressing germinal center (GC) B cells. Resistance to FAS-induced apoptosis does not explain this phenotype. We tested the hypothesis that defective non-apoptotic FAS signaling may contribute to impaired B cell differentiation in ALPS. We analyzed secondary lymphoid organs of patients with ALPS-FAS and found low numbers of memory B cells, fewer GC B cells, and an expanded extrafollicular (EF) B cell response. Enhanced mTOR activity has been shown to favor EF versus GC fate decision, and we found enhanced PI3K/mTOR and BCR signaling in ALPS-FAS splenic B cells. Modeling initial T-dependent B cell activation with CD40L in vitro, we showed that FAS competent cells with transient FAS ligation showed specifically decreased mTOR axis activation without apoptosis. Mechanistically, transient FAS engagement with involvement of caspase-8 induced nuclear exclusion of PTEN, leading to mTOR inhibition. In addition, FASL-dependent PTEN nuclear exclusion and mTOR modulation were defective in patients with ALPS-FAS. In the early phase of activation, FAS stimulation promoted expression of genes related to GC initiation at the expense of processes related to the EF response. Hence, our data suggest that non-apoptotic FAS signaling acts as molecular switch between EF versus GC fate decisions via regulation of the mTOR axis and transcription. The defect of this modulatory circuit may explain the observed hypergammaglobulinemia and low memory B cell numbers in ALPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Staniek
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tomas Kalina
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iga Janowska
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, Proteomics Unit, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paula Díez
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, Proteomics Unit, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marina Bakardjieva
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Stancikova
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Raabe
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julika Neumann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Schwenk
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leonardo Arpesella
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Stuchly
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rodrigo García Valiente
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, Proteomics Unit, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jonatan Fernández García
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, Proteomics Unit, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rita Carsetti
- B Cell Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eva Piano Mortari
- B Cell Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Albert Catala
- Department of Hematology, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar de la Calle
- Immunology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgios Sogkas
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bénédicte Neven
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
- Université de Paris, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Aude Magerus
- Université de Paris, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Olaf Neth
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology and Immunology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio (HUVR), Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Universidad de Sevilla/CSIC, Red de Investigación Traslacional en Infectología Pediátrica RITIP, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Peter Olbrich
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology and Immunology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio (HUVR), Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Universidad de Sevilla/CSIC, Red de Investigación Traslacional en Infectología Pediátrica RITIP, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Reinhard E Voll
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laia Alsina
- Department of Hematology, Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis M Allende
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis I Gonzalez-Granado
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute Hospital 12 Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chiara Böhler
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Thiel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nils Venhoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Lorenzetti
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Unger
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Seidl
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus Fiebiger Zentrum, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Rensing-Ehl
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cristian Roberto Smulski
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Medical Physics Department, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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