1
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Wang Y, Shtylla B, Chou T. Order-of-Mutation Effects on Cancer Progression: Models for Myeloproliferative Neoplasm. Bull Math Biol 2024; 86:32. [PMID: 38363386 PMCID: PMC10873249 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-024-01257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
In some patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), two genetic mutations are often found: JAK2 V617F and one in the TET2 gene. Whether one mutation is present influences how the other subsequent mutation will affect the regulation of gene expression. In other words, when a patient carries both mutations, the order of when they first arose has been shown to influence disease progression and prognosis. We propose a nonlinear ordinary differential equation, the Moran process, and Markov chain models to explain the non-additive and non-commutative mutation effects on recent clinical observations of gene expression patterns, proportions of cells with different mutations, and ages at diagnosis of MPN. Combined, these observations are used to shape our modeling framework. Our key proposal is that bistability in gene expression provides a natural explanation for many observed order-of-mutation effects. We also propose potential experimental measurements that can be used to confirm or refute predictions of our models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Statistics, Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Blerta Shtylla
- Mathematics Department, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
- Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Pfizer Research and Development, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Tom Chou
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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2
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Zhang C, Liang S, Zhang H, Wang R, Qiao H. Epigenetic regulation of mRNA mediates the phenotypic plasticity of cancer cells during metastasis and therapeutic resistance (Review). Oncol Rep 2024; 51:28. [PMID: 38131215 PMCID: PMC10777459 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasticity, the ability of cancer cells to transition between differentiation states without genomic alterations, has been recognized as a major source of intratumoral heterogeneity. It has a crucial role in cancer metastasis and treatment resistance. Thus, targeting plasticity holds tremendous promise. However, the molecular mechanisms of plasticity in cancer cells remain poorly understood. Several studies found that mRNA, which acts as a bridge linking the genetic information of DNA and protein, has an important role in translating genotypes into phenotypes. The present review provided an overview of the regulation of cancer cell plasticity occurring via changes in the transcription and editing of mRNAs. The role of the transcriptional regulation of mRNA in cancer cell plasticity was discussed, including DNA‑binding transcriptional factors, DNA methylation, histone modifications and enhancers. Furthermore, the role of mRNA editing in cancer cell plasticity was debated, including mRNA splicing and mRNA modification. In addition, the role of non‑coding (nc)RNAs in cancer plasticity was expounded, including microRNAs, long intergenic ncRNAs and circular RNAs. Finally, different strategies for targeting cancer cell plasticity to overcome metastasis and therapeutic resistance in cancer were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Liang
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Hanning Zhang
- Clinical Medical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300270, P.R. China
| | - Ruoxi Wang
- Sophomore, Farragut School #3 of Yangtai Road, Tianjin 300042, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Qiao
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
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3
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Heyes E, Wilhelmson AS, Wenzel A, Manhart G, Eder T, Schuster MB, Rzepa E, Pundhir S, D'Altri T, Frank AK, Gentil C, Woessmann J, Schoof EM, Meggendorfer M, Schwaller J, Haferlach T, Grebien F, Porse BT. TET2 lesions enhance the aggressiveness of CEBPA-mutant acute myeloid leukemia by rebalancing GATA2 expression. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6185. [PMID: 37794021 PMCID: PMC10550934 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The myeloid transcription factor CEBPA is recurrently biallelically mutated (i.e., double mutated; CEBPADM) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a combination of hypermorphic N-terminal mutations (CEBPANT), promoting expression of the leukemia-associated p30 isoform, and amorphic C-terminal mutations. The most frequently co-mutated genes in CEBPADM AML are GATA2 and TET2, however the molecular mechanisms underlying this co-mutational spectrum are incomplete. By combining transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses of CEBPA-TET2 co-mutated patients with models thereof, we identify GATA2 as a conserved target of the CEBPA-TET2 mutational axis, providing a rationale for the mutational spectra in CEBPADM AML. Elevated CEBPA levels, driven by CEBPANT, mediate recruitment of TET2 to the Gata2 distal hematopoietic enhancer thereby increasing Gata2 expression. Concurrent loss of TET2 in CEBPADM AML induces a competitive advantage by increasing Gata2 promoter methylation, thereby rebalancing GATA2 levels. Of clinical relevance, demethylating treatment of Cebpa-Tet2 co-mutated AML restores Gata2 levels and prolongs disease latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Heyes
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna S Wilhelmson
- The Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Wenzel
- The Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gabriele Manhart
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Eder
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mikkel B Schuster
- The Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edwin Rzepa
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sachin Pundhir
- The Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Teresa D'Altri
- The Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Katrine Frank
- The Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Coline Gentil
- The Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Woessmann
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Erwin M Schoof
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Jürg Schwaller
- Department of Biomedicine, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Florian Grebien
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna, Austria.
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bo T Porse
- The Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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4
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Humphries S, Bond DR, Germon ZP, Keely S, Enjeti AK, Dun MD, Lee HJ. Crosstalk between DNA methylation and hypoxia in acute myeloid leukaemia. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:150. [PMID: 37705055 PMCID: PMC10500762 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a deadly disease characterised by the uncontrolled proliferation of immature myeloid cells within the bone marrow. Altered regulation of DNA methylation is an important epigenetic driver of AML, where the hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment can help facilitate leukaemogenesis. Thus, interactions between epigenetic regulation and hypoxia signalling will have important implications for AML development and treatment. MAIN BODY This review summarises the importance of DNA methylation and the hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment in the development, progression, and treatment of AML. Here, we focus on the role hypoxia plays on signalling and the subsequent regulation of DNA methylation. Hypoxia is likely to influence DNA methylation through altered metabolic pathways, transcriptional control of epigenetic regulators, and direct effects on the enzymatic activity of epigenetic modifiers. DNA methylation may also prevent activation of hypoxia-responsive genes, demonstrating bidirectional crosstalk between epigenetic regulation and the hypoxic microenvironment. Finally, we consider the clinical implications of these interactions, suggesting that reduced cell cycling within the hypoxic bone marrow may decrease the efficacy of hypomethylating agents. CONCLUSION Hypoxia is likely to influence AML progression through complex interactions with DNA methylation, where the therapeutic efficacy of hypomethylating agents may be limited within the hypoxic bone marrow. To achieve optimal outcomes for AML patients, future studies should therefore consider co-treatments that can promote cycling of AML cells within the bone marrow or encourage their dissociation from the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Humphries
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Danielle R Bond
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Zacary P Germon
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Anoop K Enjeti
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Calvary Mater Hospital, Waratah, NSW, 2298, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Matthew D Dun
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Heather J Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia.
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5
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang C, Wang X. TET (Ten-eleven translocation) family proteins: structure, biological functions and applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:297. [PMID: 37563110 PMCID: PMC10415333 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation (TET) family proteins (TETs), specifically, TET1, TET2 and TET3, can modify DNA by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine (5mC) iteratively to yield 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxycytosine (5caC), and then two of these intermediates (5fC and 5caC) can be excised and return to unmethylated cytosines by thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG)-mediated base excision repair. Because DNA methylation and demethylation play an important role in numerous biological processes, including zygote formation, embryogenesis, spatial learning and immune homeostasis, the regulation of TETs functions is complicated, and dysregulation of their functions is implicated in many diseases such as myeloid malignancies. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that TET2 is able to catalyze the hydroxymethylation of RNA to perform post-transcriptional regulation. Notably, catalytic-independent functions of TETs in certain biological contexts have been identified, further highlighting their multifunctional roles. Interestingly, by reactivating the expression of selected target genes, accumulated evidences support the potential therapeutic use of TETs-based DNA methylation editing tools in disorders associated with epigenetic silencing. In this review, we summarize recent key findings in TETs functions, activity regulators at various levels, technological advances in the detection of 5hmC, the main TETs oxidative product, and TETs emerging applications in epigenetic editing. Furthermore, we discuss existing challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chaofu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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6
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Li Y, Xue M, Deng X, Dong L, Nguyen LXT, Ren L, Han L, Li C, Xue J, Zhao Z, Li W, Qing Y, Shen C, Tan B, Chen Z, Leung K, Wang K, Swaminathan S, Li L, Wunderlich M, Mulloy JC, Li X, Chen H, Zhang B, Horne D, Rosen ST, Marcucci G, Xu M, Li Z, Wei M, Tian J, Shen B, Su R, Chen J. TET2-mediated mRNA demethylation regulates leukemia stem cell homing and self-renewal. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1072-1090.e10. [PMID: 37541212 PMCID: PMC11166201 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
TET2 is recurrently mutated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its deficiency promotes leukemogenesis (driven by aggressive oncogenic mutations) and enhances leukemia stem cell (LSC) self-renewal. However, the underlying cellular/molecular mechanisms have yet to be fully understood. Here, we show that Tet2 deficiency significantly facilitates leukemogenesis in various AML models (mediated by aggressive or less aggressive mutations) through promoting homing of LSCs into bone marrow (BM) niche to increase their self-renewal/proliferation. TET2 deficiency in AML blast cells increases expression of Tetraspanin 13 (TSPAN13) and thereby activates the CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling, leading to increased homing/migration of LSCs into BM niche. Mechanistically, TET2 deficiency results in the accumulation of methyl-5-cytosine (m5C) modification in TSPAN13 mRNA; YBX1 specifically recognizes the m5C modification and increases the stability and expression of TSPAN13 transcripts. Collectively, our studies reveal the functional importance of TET2 in leukemogenesis, leukemic blast cell migration/homing, and LSC self-renewal as an mRNA m5C demethylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchan Li
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Meilin Xue
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaolan Deng
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Le Xuan Truong Nguyen
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Lili Ren
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenying Li
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 31003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhuang Xue
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Zhicong Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Ying Qing
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Brandon Tan
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Keith Leung
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Kitty Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Srividya Swaminathan
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mark Wunderlich
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - James C Mulloy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David Horne
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Steven T Rosen
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zejuan Li
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingyan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Baiyong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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7
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Stölzel F, Fordham SE, Nandana D, Lin WY, Blair H, Elstob C, Bell HL, Mohr B, Ruhnke L, Kunadt D, Dill C, Allsop D, Piddock R, Soura EN, Park C, Fadly M, Rahman T, Alharbi A, Wobus M, Altmann H, Röllig C, Wagenführ L, Jones GL, Menne T, Jackson GH, Marr HJ, Fitzgibbon J, Onel K, Meggendorfer M, Robinson A, Bziuk Z, Bowes E, Heidenreich O, Haferlach T, Villar S, Ariceta B, Diaz RA, Altschuler SJ, Wu LF, Prosper F, Montesinos P, Martinez-Lopez J, Bornhäuser M, Allan JM. Biallelic TET2 mutations confer sensitivity to 5'-azacitidine in acute myeloid leukemia. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e150368. [PMID: 36480300 PMCID: PMC9977313 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine can significantly improve outcomes for patients with cancer, but implementation requires comprehensive characterization of tumor cells to identify therapeutically exploitable vulnerabilities. Here, we describe somatic biallelic TET2 mutations in an elderly patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that was chemoresistant to anthracycline and cytarabine but acutely sensitive to 5'-azacitidine (5'-Aza) hypomethylating monotherapy, resulting in long-term morphological remission. Given the role of TET2 as a regulator of genomic methylation, we hypothesized that mutant TET2 allele dosage affects response to 5'-Aza. Using an isogenic cell model system and an orthotopic mouse xenograft, we demonstrate that biallelic TET2 mutations confer sensitivity to 5'-Aza compared with cells with monoallelic mutations. Our data argue in favor of using hypomethylating agents for chemoresistant disease or as first-line therapy in patients with biallelic TET2-mutated AML and demonstrate the importance of considering mutant allele dosage in the implementation of precision medicine for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Stölzel
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah E. Fordham
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Devi Nandana
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Yu Lin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Blair
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Elstob
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Hayden L. Bell
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Brigitte Mohr
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leo Ruhnke
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Desiree Kunadt
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Dill
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Allsop
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Piddock
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanouela-Niki Soura
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Park
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mohd Fadly
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Thahira Rahman
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Abrar Alharbi
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Manja Wobus
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heidi Altmann
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Röllig
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lisa Wagenführ
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gail L. Jones
- Department of Hematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Menne
- Department of Hematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Graham H. Jackson
- Department of Hematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Helen J. Marr
- Department of Hematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jude Fitzgibbon
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenan Onel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Amber Robinson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Zuzanna Bziuk
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Bowes
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sara Villar
- Department of Hematology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beñat Ariceta
- Hematological Diseases Laboratory, CIMA LAB Diagnostics, University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayala Diaz
- Hematology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Steven J. Altschuler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lani F. Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Department of Hematology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pau Montesinos
- Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquin Martinez-Lopez
- Hematology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Dresden, Germany
| | - James M. Allan
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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8
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MIR retrotransposons link the epigenome and the transcriptome of coding genes in acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6524. [PMID: 36316347 PMCID: PMC9622910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
DNMT3A and IDH1/2 mutations combinatorically regulate the transcriptome and the epigenome in acute myeloid leukemia; yet the mechanisms of this interplay are unknown. Using a systems approach within topologically associating domains, we find that genes with significant expression-methylation correlations are enriched in signaling and metabolic pathways. The common denominator across these methylation-regulated genes is the density in MIR retrotransposons of their introns. Moreover, a discrete number of CpGs overlapping enhancers are responsible for regulating most of these genes. Established mouse models recapitulate the dependency of MIR-rich genes on the balanced expression of epigenetic modifiers, while projection of leukemic profiles onto normal hematopoiesis ones further consolidates the dependencies of methylation-regulated genes on MIRs. Collectively, MIR elements on genes and enhancers are susceptible to changes in DNA methylation activity and explain the cooperativity of proteins in this pathway in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
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9
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Florez MA, Tran BT, Wathan TK, DeGregori J, Pietras EM, King KY. Clonal hematopoiesis: Mutation-specific adaptation to environmental change. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:882-904. [PMID: 35659875 PMCID: PMC9202417 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) describes a widespread expansion of genetically variant hematopoietic cells that increases exponentially with age and is associated with increased risks of cancers, cardiovascular disease, and other maladies. Here, we discuss how environmental contexts associated with CHIP, such as old age, infections, chemotherapy, or cigarette smoking, alter tissue microenvironments to facilitate the selection and expansion of specific CHIP mutant clones. Further, we consider major remaining gaps in knowledge, including intrinsic effects, clone size thresholds, and factors affecting clonal competition, that will determine future application of this field in transplant and preventive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Florez
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1150, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1150, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brandon T Tran
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Cancer and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1150, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1150, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Trisha K Wathan
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1150, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James DeGregori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eric M Pietras
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katherine Y King
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1150, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Cancer and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1150, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1150, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 1150, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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10
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Interleukin-17 Weakens the NAFLD/NASH Process by Facilitating Intestinal Barrier Restoration Depending on the Gut Microbiota. mBio 2022; 13:e0368821. [PMID: 35266816 PMCID: PMC9040850 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03688-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and gut microbiota, and how IL-17 mediates the NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) process depending on the gut microbiota is unclear. We found that T helper 17 (TH17) cells were decreased in the small intestine in a methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH model. IL-17-deficient (Il17−/−) mice showed alterations in intestinal microbiota, including the inhibition of probiotic growth and the overgrowth of certain pathogenic bacteria, and were prone to higher endotoxemia levels and more severe gastrointestinal barrier defects than wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, TH17 cells were responsible for restoring the intestinal barrier after administration of recombinant IL-17 to Il17−/− mice or injection of CD4+ T cells into a Rag1−/− mouse model. Additionally, transplantation of the microbiota from WT mice to Il17−/− mice restored the intestinal barrier. Notably, microbiota-depleted Il17−/− mice were resistant to MCD diet-induced intestinal barrier impairment. Fecal microbiota transplantation from Il17−/− mice to microbiota-depleted mice aggravated intestinal barrier impairment and then promoted the development of NASH. Collectively, this study showed that host IL-17 could strengthen intestinal mucosal barrier integrity and reduce dysbiosis-induced intestinal injury and secondary extraintestinal organ injury induced by a special diet.
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11
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Christen F, Hablesreiter R, Hoyer K, Hennch C, Maluck-Böttcher A, Segler A, Madadi A, Frick M, Bullinger L, Briest F, Damm F. Modeling clonal hematopoiesis in umbilical cord blood cells by CRISPR/Cas9. Leukemia 2022; 36:1102-1110. [PMID: 34782715 PMCID: PMC8979818 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate clonal hematopoiesis associated gene mutations in vitro and to unravel the direct impact on the human stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) compartment, we targeted healthy, young hematopoietic progenitor cells, derived from umbilical cord blood samples, with CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Site-specific mutations were introduced in defined regions of DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1 in CD34+ progenitor cells that were subsequently analyzed in short-term as well as long-term in vitro culture assays to assess self-renewal and differentiation capacities. Colony-forming unit (CFU) assays revealed enhanced self-renewal of TET2 mutated (TET2mut) cells, whereas ASXL1mut as well as DNMT3Amut cells did not reveal significant changes in short-term culture. Strikingly, enhanced colony formation could be detected in long-term culture experiments in all mutants, indicating increased self-renewal capacities. While we could also demonstrate preferential clonal expansion of distinct cell clones for all mutants, the clonal composition after long-term culture revealed a mutation-specific impact on HSPCs. Thus, by using primary umbilical cord blood cells, we were able to investigate epigenetic driver mutations without confounding factors like age or a complex mutational landscape, and our findings provide evidence for a direct impact of clonal hematopoiesis-associated mutations on self-renewal and clonal composition of human stem and progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Christen
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raphael Hablesreiter
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kaja Hoyer
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelius Hennch
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Maluck-Böttcher
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela Segler
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Gynecology with Center for Oncological Surgery, Berlin, Germany ,grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Obstetrics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annett Madadi
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Obstetrics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mareike Frick
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Berlin, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Berlin, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Briest
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederik Damm
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Berlin, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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Thymoquinone Inhibits Growth of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells through Reversal SHP-1 and SOCS-3 Hypermethylation: In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121287. [PMID: 34959687 PMCID: PMC8703481 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) plays an essential role in cancer pathogenesis, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). All of SHP-1, SOCS-1, and SOCS-3 are TSGs that negatively regulate JAK/STAT signaling. Enhanced re-expression of TSGs through de-methylation represents a therapeutic target in several cancers. Thymoquinone (TQ) is a major component of Nigella sativa seeds with anticancer effects against several cancers. However, the effects of TQ on DNA methylation are not entirely understood. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of TQ to re-express SHP-1, SOCS-1, and SOCS-3 in MV4-11 AML cells through de-methylation. Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell cycle assays were performed using WSTs-8 kit, Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit, and fluorometric-red cell cycle assay kit, respectively. The methylation of SHP-1, SOCS-1, and SOCS-3 was evaluated by pyrosequencing analysis. The expression of SHP-1, SOCS-1, SOCS-3, JAK2, STAT3, STAT5A, STAT5B, FLT3-ITD, DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, TET2, and WT1 was assessed by RT-qPCR. The molecular docking of TQ to JAK2, STAT3, and STAT5 was evaluated. The results revealed that TQ significantly inhibited the growth of MV4-11 cells and induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, the results showed that TQ binds the active pocket of JAK2, STAT3, and STAT5 to inhibit their enzymatic activity and significantly enhances the re-expression of SHP-1 and SOCS-3 through de-methylation. In conclusion, TQ curbs MV4-11 cells by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of JAK/STAT signaling through hypomethylation and re-expression of JAK/STAT negative regulators and could be a promising therapeutic candidate for AML patients.
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13
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Maifrede S, Le BV, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Golovine K, Sullivan-Reed K, Dunuwille WMB, Nacson J, Hulse M, Keith K, Madzo J, Caruso LB, Gazze Z, Lian Z, Padella A, Chitrala KN, Bartholdy BA, Matlawska-Wasowska K, Di Marcantonio D, Simonetti G, Greiner G, Sykes SM, Valent P, Paietta EM, Tallman MS, Fernandez HF, Litzow MR, Minden MD, Huang J, Martinelli G, Vassiliou GS, Tempera I, Piwocka K, Johnson N, Challen GA, Skorski T. TET2 and DNMT3A Mutations Exert Divergent Effects on DNA Repair and Sensitivity of Leukemia Cells to PARP Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5089-5101. [PMID: 34215619 PMCID: PMC8487956 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Somatic variants in TET2 and DNMT3A are founding mutations in hematological malignancies that affect the epigenetic regulation of DNA methylation. Mutations in both genes often co-occur with activating mutations in genes encoding oncogenic tyrosine kinases such as FLT3ITD, BCR-ABL1, JAK2V617F , and MPLW515L , or with mutations affecting related signaling pathways such as NRASG12D and CALRdel52 . Here, we show that TET2 and DNMT3A mutations exert divergent roles in regulating DNA repair activities in leukemia cells expressing these oncogenes. Malignant TET2-deficient cells displayed downregulation of BRCA1 and LIG4, resulting in reduced activity of BRCA1/2-mediated homologous recombination (HR) and DNA-PK-mediated non-homologous end-joining (D-NHEJ), respectively. TET2-deficient cells relied on PARP1-mediated alternative NHEJ (Alt-NHEJ) for protection from the toxic effects of spontaneous and drug-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Conversely, DNMT3A-deficient cells favored HR/D-NHEJ owing to downregulation of PARP1 and reduction of Alt-NHEJ. Consequently, malignant TET2-deficient cells were sensitive to PARP inhibitor (PARPi) treatment in vitro and in vivo, whereas DNMT3A-deficient cells were resistant. Disruption of TET2 dioxygenase activity or TET2-Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1)-binding ability was responsible for DNA repair defects and sensitivity to PARPi associated with TET2 deficiency. Moreover, mutation or deletion of WT1 mimicked the effect of TET2 mutation on DSB repair activity and sensitivity to PARPi. Collectively, these findings reveal that TET2 and WT1 mutations may serve as biomarkers of synthetic lethality triggered by PARPi, which should be explored therapeutically. SIGNIFICANCE: TET2 and DNMT3A mutations affect distinct DNA repair mechanisms and govern the differential sensitivities of oncogenic tyrosine kinase-positive malignant hematopoietic cells to PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maifrede
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bac Viet Le
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Margaret Nieborowska-Skorska
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Konstantin Golovine
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine Sullivan-Reed
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wangisa M B Dunuwille
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Joseph Nacson
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Hulse
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelsey Keith
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Jozef Madzo
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Lisa Beatrice Caruso
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zachary Gazze
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhaorui Lian
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Antonella Padella
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori," Meldola, Italy
| | - Kumaraswamy N Chitrala
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Boris A Bartholdy
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Ksenia Matlawska-Wasowska
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Daniela Di Marcantonio
- Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, Immune Cell Development and Host Defense, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori," Meldola, Italy
| | - Georg Greiner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephen M Sykes
- Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, Immune Cell Development and Host Defense, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth M Paietta
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Martin S Tallman
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hugo F Fernandez
- Moffitt Malignant Hematology and Cellular Therapy at Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, Florida
| | - Mark R Litzow
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jian Huang
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori," Meldola, Italy
| | - George S Vassiliou
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Italo Tempera
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Neil Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Grant A Challen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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14
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TET3 promotes AML growth and epigenetically regulates glucose metabolism and leukemic stem cell associated pathways. Leukemia 2021; 36:416-425. [PMID: 34462525 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is considered a poor prognosis malignancy where patients exhibit altered glucose metabolism and stem cell signatures that contribute to AML growth and maintenance. Here, we report that the epigenetic factor, Ten-Eleven Translocation 3 (TET3) dioxygenase is overexpressed in AML patients and functionally validated human leukemic stem cells (LSCs), is required for leukemic growth by virtue of its regulation of glucose metabolism in AML cells. In human AML cells, TET3 maintains 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) epigenetic marks and expression of early myeloid progenitor program, critical glucose metabolism and STAT5A signaling pathway genes, which also positively correlate with TET3 expression in AML patients. Consequently, TET3 depletion impedes hexokinase activity and L-Lactate production in AML cells. Conversely, overexpression of TET3 in healthy human hematopoietic stem progenitors (HSPCs) upregulates the expression of glucose metabolism, STAT5A signaling and AML associated genes, and impairs normal HSPC lineage differentiation in vitro. Finally, TET3 depletion renders AML cells highly sensitive to blockage of the TET3 downstream pathways glycolysis and STAT5 signaling via the combination of 2-Deoxy-D-glucose and STAT5 inhibitor which preferentially targets AML cells but spares healthy CD34+ HSPCs.
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15
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Zhang L, Xu S, Cheng X, Zheng J, Wang Y, Wu J, Wang X, Wu L, Yu H, Bao J. Diallyl trisulphide, a H 2 S donor, compromises the stem cell phenotype and restores thyroid-specific gene expression in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells by targeting AKT-SOX2 axis. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3428-3443. [PMID: 33751676 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), a rare, extremely aggressive malignant, is enriched by cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are closely related to the pathogenesis of ATC. In the present study, we demonstrated that diallyl trisulphide (DATS), a well-known hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) donor, suppressed sphere formation and restored the expression of iodide-metabolizing genes in human ATC cells, which were associated with H2 S generation. Two other H2 S donors, NaHS and GYY4137, could also suppress the self-renewal properties of ATC cells in vitro. Compared with normal thyroid tissues and papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), the elevated expressions of SOX2 and MYC, two cancer stem cell markers, in ATCs were validated in the combined Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort. DATS decreased the expression of SOX2, which was mediated by H2 S generation. Furthermore, knockdown of AKT or inhibition of AKT by DATS led to a decrease of SOX2 expression in ATC cells. AKT knockdown phenocopied restoration of thyroid-specific gene expression in ATC cells. Our data suggest that H2 S donors treatment can compromise the stem cell phenotype and restore thyroid-specific gene expression of ATC cells by targeting AKT-SOX2 pathway, which may serve as a therapeutic strategy to intervene the CSC progression of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China.,Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shichen Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Xian Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiangxia Zheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yunping Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liying Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Huixin Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiandong Bao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
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16
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Reconciling Non-Genetic Plasticity with Somatic Evolution in Cancer. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:309-322. [PMID: 33536158 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-treatment progression of tumors is commonly explained by somatic Darwinian evolution (i.e., selection of cells carrying genetic mutations that create more aggressive cell traits). But cancer genome and transcriptome analyses now paint a picture far more complex, prompting us to see beyond the Darwinian scheme: non-genetic cell phenotype plasticity explained by alternative stable gene expression states ('attractors'), may also produce aggressive phenotypes that can be selected for, without mutations. Worse, treatment may even induce cell state transitions into more malignant attractors. We review recent evidence for non-genetic mechanisms of progression, explain the theoretical foundation of attractor transitions behind treatment-induced increase of aggressiveness, and provide a framework for unifying genetic and non-genetic dynamics in tumor progression.
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Kazerouni AS, Gadde M, Gardner A, Hormuth DA, Jarrett AM, Johnson KE, Lima EAF, Lorenzo G, Phillips C, Brock A, Yankeelov TE. Integrating Quantitative Assays with Biologically Based Mathematical Modeling for Predictive Oncology. iScience 2020; 23:101807. [PMID: 33299976 PMCID: PMC7704401 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide an overview on the use of biological assays to calibrate and initialize mechanism-based models of cancer phenomena. Although artificial intelligence methods currently dominate the landscape in computational oncology, mathematical models that seek to explicitly incorporate biological mechanisms into their formalism are of increasing interest. These models can guide experimental design and provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of cancer progression. Historically, these models have included a myriad of parameters that have been difficult to quantify in biologically relevant systems, limiting their practical insights. Recently, however, there has been much interest calibrating biologically based models with the quantitative measurements available from (for example) RNA sequencing, time-resolved microscopy, and in vivo imaging. In this contribution, we summarize how a variety of experimental methods quantify tumor characteristics from the molecular to tissue scales and describe how such data can be directly integrated with mechanism-based models to improve predictions of tumor growth and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum S. Kazerouni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Manasa Gadde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Andrea Gardner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - David A. Hormuth
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Angela M. Jarrett
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kaitlyn E. Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ernesto A.B. F. Lima
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Texas Advanced Computing Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Guillermo Lorenzo
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Caleb Phillips
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Amy Brock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Thomas E. Yankeelov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Oncology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Kunimoto H, Nakajima H. TET2: A cornerstone in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:31-40. [PMID: 33048426 PMCID: PMC7780023 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of genome‐wide DNA methylation is fundamental for a variety of biological processes such as mammalian development, stem cell function, cellular proliferation/differentiation, and oncogenesis. Among the regulators of DNA methylation, ten‐eleven translocation 2 (TET2) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and in various hematological malignancies, underscoring a pivotal role for TET2 in blood homeostasis and hematopoietic transformation. TET2 oxidizes methylated cytosines to further modify cytosines, which behave as intermediates in active/passive DNA demethylation processes. TET2 itself associates with histone modifiers, thereby regulating histone modifications and expression of target genes. A number of studies have reported pleiotropic effects of TET2 on hematopoietic stem cell self‐renewal, hematopoietic differentiation, genome instability and inflammatory response. Recent single‐cell genomics studies have identified gene promoters as well as transcription factor binding sites as TET2‐targeted genetic loci in which disruption of DNA methylation can fundamentally modify hematopoietic differentiation and promote leukemogenesis. TET2 mutations show convergent cooperativity with other disease alleles in signaling molecules, epigenetic modifiers, and spliceosome factors in hematopoietic transformation. Future studies focusing on the molecular basis of stem cell and immune regulation by TET2 loss will further deepen our understanding of the entire landscape of pathophysiology and molecular vulnerabilities of TET2‐mutated hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Kunimoto
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Giannarelli C. Loss of TET2 boosts cell fitness. Sci Transl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd3619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The loss of TET2 favors a pathogenic switch to a stem cell–like state in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giannarelli
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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