1
|
Bernal-Jácome LA, Izar-Landeta JM, Flores-Ramírez R, González-Salazar LF, Vargas-Berrones KX. Nonylphenol ethoxylate degradation in detergents during shelf time, a new exposure pathway, and a perspective on their substitution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33260-7. [PMID: 38607492 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Detergents are highly produced pollutants with environmental problems like foam generation and toxic effects in biota. Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) are efficient, economical, and versatile surfactants, used in detergents for more than 40 years due to their detergency capacity. In the environment, NPE biodegrades into the metabolite nonylphenol (NP), classified as an endocrine disruptor. The identification and quantification of 4-NP in a designed detergent and 30 commercially available detergents were performed to prove the degradation of NPE into 4-NP during storage time. This investigation introduces the first evidence of NPE degradation during storage in commercially available detergents, demonstrating a novel exposure pathway in humans that has not been explored before, representing potential human health risks. Therefore, simple, easy, low-cost, and available approaches to remove and substitute NP is paramount. Alkyl polyglucoside (APG) was assessed as a substitute, and the feasibility of this substitution was proven according to physical and chemical properties, cleaning performance, and antimicrobial properties. NPE substitution in detergents is demonstrated as a viable strategy to minimize exposure risks in humans and the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Armando Bernal-Jácome
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado Edificio P. Facultad de Ingeniería, Zona Universitaria, Dr. Manuel Nava #8, C.P. 78290, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, México
| | - Juan Manuel Izar-Landeta
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Rioverde, Carretera Rioverde-San Ciro Km 4.5, CP, 79610, Rioverde, San Luis Potosi, México
| | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- CONACYT Research Fellow, Coordinación Para La Innovación y Aplicación de La Ciencia y La Tecnología (CIACYT), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Luis Fernando González-Salazar
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Karla Ximena Vargas-Berrones
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Rioverde, Carretera Rioverde-San Ciro Km 4.5, CP, 79610, Rioverde, San Luis Potosi, México.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tello P, Calero N, Santos J, Trujillo-Cayado LA. Development of Avocado and Lemon Oil Emulgels Based on Natural Products: Phycocyanin and Pectin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2067. [PMID: 37631281 PMCID: PMC10458885 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin (PC), a natural product obtained from algae, is attracting attention due to its health benefits, such as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This work studies the use of PC as the main stabilizer in avocado and lemon oil emulgels, a format for drug delivery. The influence of PC concentration on droplet size distribution, rheological properties, and physical stability is studied using a laser diffraction technique, rheological measurements, and multiple light scattering. The 5 wt.% PC emulsions show the lowest droplet size and, consequently, the best stability against creaming and droplet growth. Emulsions formulated with PC as the only stabilizer show a slight pseudoplastic character with an apparent viscosity below 10 mPa·s at 2 Pa. This indicates that these emulsions undergo creaming with aging time. In order to reduce creaming, pectin is incorporated into the 5 wt.% PC emulsion at different concentrations. Interestingly, yield stress and an incipient gel character are observed due to the presence of pectin. This is why the creaming mechanism is reduced. In conclusion, PC forms a layer that protects the interface against coalescence and Ostwald ripening. And, pectin is incorporated to reduce creaming. This research has the potential to make valuable contributions to diverse fields, such as health, medicine, and encapsulation technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Tello
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Virgen de África 7, E41011 Sevilla, Spain; (P.T.); (L.A.T.-C.)
| | - Nuria Calero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Profesor García González S/N, E41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jenifer Santos
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Avda. de las Universidades s/n, Dos Hermanas, E41703 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis A. Trujillo-Cayado
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Virgen de África 7, E41011 Sevilla, Spain; (P.T.); (L.A.T.-C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Effect of the Welan Gum Concentration on the Rheological and Structural Behaviour of Biocomposite Hydrogels with Sepiolite as Filler. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010033. [PMID: 36616383 PMCID: PMC9823385 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A very positive and effective approach to tuning the mechanical properties of polymers has been the development of composites. This paper deals with novel biocomposite hydrogels composed by two biocompatible materials: welan gum as biopolymer matrix and sepiolite as filler. Welan gum content was studied as a tuning parameter to control the rheological properties of the developed biocomposites. The rheological and microstructural behaviour of the composites was investigated by mean of steady-state flow curves, creep-recovery tests, small amplitude oscillatory shear tests, and electron microscopy. An increase in welan gum content provoked the progressive disappearance of the shear-thinningzero-shear-thinning behaviour with a yield point which was clearly defined, characteristic of sepiolite gels, leading to a conventional shear-thinning behaviour, typical of polymeric systems. Also, a higher content of biopolymer in the mixtures led to a more elastic and compact structure characterized by higher values of both G' and G". The fundamental novelty was based on taking the flowability provided by the biopolymer as the main objective and reinforcing the viscosity yielded by welan gum with sepiolite, which contributed to increasing the biocomposite consistency. Thus, rheological properties can be adjusted, taking into account the balance of the components to adapt them to the requirements of each application.
Collapse
|
4
|
Time-Dependent Viscous Flow Behavior of a Hydrophobic Fumed Silica Suspension. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9050807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The viscous flow behavior of a 12.5 vol% hydrophobic fumed silica (Aerosil® R816) suspension in polypropylene glycol of low molecular weight (PPG400) was studied in a stress-controlled rheometer. The steady flow curve showed shear thickening between two shear thinning regions. Time-dependent viscosity response provoked by step changes in shear stresses corresponding to the shear-thickening region apparently agrees with thixotropic behavior just after the very initial stages are surpassed. Almost instantaneous jamming can justify misinterpretation of the results.
Collapse
|
5
|
Savignano L, Fabozzi A, Vitiello R, Fornasier M, Murgia S, Guido S, Guida V, Paduano L, D’Errico G. Effect of tail branching on the phase behavior and the rheological properties of amine oxide/ethoxysulfate surfactant mixtures. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.126091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
6
|
Trujillo-Cayado LA, Santos J, Calero N, Alfaro-Rodríguez MC, Muñoz J. Strategies for reducing Ostwald ripening phenomenon in nanoemulsions based on thyme essential oil. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:1671-1677. [PMID: 31802496 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White thyme essential oil, which can be incorporated in clean-label and food emulsion-based products, is a natural antimicrobial agent. However, emulsions containing essential oils commonly undergo Ostwald ripening as the main destabilization process. The main objective of this work was to evaluate various strategies for the inhibition of Ostwald ripening so as to develop stable nanoemulsions containing white thyme essential oil as food preservative and Kolliphor EL as surfactant. RESULTS In a first approach, the influence of the surfactant/dispersed phase ratio and the number of cycles through a microfluidizer on droplet size distribution was evaluated. Unfortunately, these emulsions underwent Ostwald ripening, which was demonstrated by the application of the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory. In order to reduce this destabilization mechanism, two different techniques based on the modification of the formulation (addition of rosin gum or Aerosil COK84) were analysed using laser diffraction and multiple light scattering techniques. The addition of rosin gum inhibited the Ostwald ripening mechanism, but only partially. Conversely, the incorporation of Aerosil COK84 to the continuous phase led to a gel-like rheological behaviour which seemed to practically avoid Ostwald ripening. CONCLUSIONS Aerosil particles cover the droplets and form a three-dimensional network suggesting a Pickering stabilization, which was confirmed using transmission electronic microscopy. The results confirmed the role of Aerosil COK84, not only as a thickener or gelling agent, but also as an Ostwald ripening inhibitor. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Trujillo-Cayado
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jenifer Santos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nuria Calero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - José Muñoz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Santos J, Calero N, García-Capitán J, Muñoz J. Preparation and characterization of emulgels loaded with sweet fennel oil. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2019.1623688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Santos
- Reología Aplicada. Tecnología de Coloides. Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla c/P. García González, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nuria Calero
- Reología Aplicada. Tecnología de Coloides. Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla c/P. García González, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julia García-Capitán
- Reología Aplicada. Tecnología de Coloides. Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla c/P. García González, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Muñoz
- Reología Aplicada. Tecnología de Coloides. Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla c/P. García González, Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fabozzi A, Russo Krauss I, Vitiello R, Fornasier M, Sicignano L, King S, Guido S, Jones C, Paduano L, Murgia S, D'Errico G. Branched alkyldimethylamine oxide surfactants: An effective strategy for the design of high concentration/low viscosity surfactant formulations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 552:448-463. [PMID: 31151022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The rational design of branched-tail surfactants is a suitable strategy to obtain low-viscosity surfactant-rich isotropic aqueous mixtures with negligible effects on biodegradability. This opens a way to the design of concentrated ("water-free") surfactant formulations, highly attractive for their ecological and economic benefits. EXPERIMENTS The aggregation behaviour of N,N-dimethyl-2-propylheptan-1-amine oxide (C10DAO-branched) in aqueous mixtures is investigated across the entire composition range by polarized optical microscopy, small angle X-ray and neutron scattering, electron paramagnetic resonance, and pulse-gradient stimulated echo nuclear magnetic resonance. The humidity scanning quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring technique is validated as a tool for the fast screening of surfactants phase behaviour. Furthermore, the shear viscosities and viscoelastic moduli of the systems are determined by rheological measurements. FINDINGS With respect to the linear isomer, C10DAO-branched presents a much lower tendency to form lyotropic liquid crystalline phases. Except for a narrow composition and temperature range in which a lamellar structure is observed, C10DAO-branched aqueous mixtures are isotropic liquids whose microstructure changes, with increasing concentration, from micellar solutions to unstructured dispersions of hydrated surfactant molecules. Low-viscosity was found for all these mixtures, including the most concentrated ones. Thus, the introduction of a single short side-chain in the tail is demonstrated to be an effective approach to increase the active concentration in surfactant formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fabozzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Russo Krauss
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, I-80126 Naples, Italy; CSGI, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosa Vitiello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Fornasier
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, s.s. 554 bivio Sestu, Monserrato, CA I-09042, Italy
| | - Luca Sicignano
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, I-80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Stephen King
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron & Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Guido
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, I-80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Christopher Jones
- Procter & Gamble Innovation Centre, Strombeek-Bever Temseelan 100, B-1853, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luigi Paduano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, I-80126 Naples, Italy; CSGI, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Sergio Murgia
- CSGI, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, s.s. 554 bivio Sestu, Monserrato, CA I-09042, Italy.
| | - Gerardino D'Errico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, I-80126 Naples, Italy; CSGI, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Influence of a shear post-treatment on rheological properties, microstructure and physical stability of emulgels formed by rosemary essential oil and a fumed silica. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
10
|
Santos J, Calero N, Trujillo-Cayado L, Muñoz J. Development and characterisation of a continuous phase based on a fumed silica and a green surfactant with emulsion applications. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|