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Feng B, Jiang W, Deng R, Lu J, Tsiakaras P, Yin S. Agglomeration inhibition engineering of nickel-cobalt alloys by a sacrificial template for efficient urea electrolysis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 663:1019-1027. [PMID: 38452543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Designing efficient non-precious metal-based catalysts for urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is essential for achieving energy-saving hydrogen production and the treatment of wastewater containing ammonia. In this study, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is employed as a sacrificial template to synthesize NiCo alloy nanowires (NiCo(SDS)/CC), and the instinct formation mechanism is investigated. It is found that SDS can inhibit the Ostwald ripening during hydrothermal and calcination processes, which could release abundant active cobalt, thereby modulating the electronic structure to promote the catalytic reaction. Moreover, SDS as a sacrificial template can induce the deposition of metal atoms and increase the specific surface area of the catalyst, providing abundant active sites to accelerate the reaction kinetics. As expected, the NiCo(SDS)/CC exhibits good activity for both UOR and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) and it requires only 1.31 V and -86 mV to obtain a current density of ±10 mA cm-2, respectively. This work provides a new strategy for reducing the agglomeration of transition metals to design high-performance composite catalysts for urea oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyao Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Rui Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiali Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Panagiotis Tsiakaras
- Laboratory of Alternative Energy Conversion Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Thessaly, Pedion Areos 38834, Greece.
| | - Shibin Yin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China; Laboratory of Alternative Energy Conversion Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Thessaly, Pedion Areos 38834, Greece.
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2
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Yu H, Li Y, Liu F, Wang L, Song Y. Yolk shell structured YS-Si@N-doped carbon derived from covalent organic frameworks for enhanced lithium storage. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 662:313-321. [PMID: 38354558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) has ultra-high theoretical capacity (4200 mAh g-1) and accordingly is widely studied as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, its huge volume expansion during charging/discharging is a fatal challenge. The preparation of Si-based composite materials with yolk shell structure is the key to solving the Si volume expansion. Here, N-doped carbon-coated Si nanoparticles (SiNPs) nanocomposites (YS-Si@NC-60) with yolk shell structure derived from covalent organic frameworks (COFs) was prepared. N-doped carbon shells derived from COFs not only maintain the well-ordered nanosized pores of COFs, which facilitates the transport of Li+ to contact with internal SiNPs, but also provide more extra active sites for Li+ storage. Most importantly, the internal void can effectively alleviate the damage effect of SiNPs volume expansion. The obtained YS-Si@NC-60 as a LIBs anode show high cyclic stability and Li+ storage performances. At 0.1 A g-1, the capacity is 1446 mAh g-1 after 110 cycles, and initial coulomb efficiency is as high as 82.2 %. The excellent performance can be attributed to the unique yolk shell structure. This simple and template-free strategy provides a new idea for preparing Si-C nanocomposites with yolk shell structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yuan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Fang Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Li Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Yonghai Song
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China.
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3
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Liu Q, Fang Y, Xiong X, Xu W, Cui J. Ostwald ripening for designing time-dependent crystal hydrogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320095. [PMID: 38419359 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Ostwald ripening (OR), a classic solution theory describing molecular transfer from metastable crystal to stable one, is applied to design time-dependent crystal hydrogels that can automatically change their mechanical properties. Using a system made from crosslinked polyacrylamide (PAM) and sodium acetate (NaAc), we demonstrate that metastable fibrous crystal networks of NaAc preferably form in PAM hydrogels via a polymer-involving mismatch nucleation. These fibrous crystals would undergo OR and evolve into isolated bulk crystals, leading to a significant reduction in material rigidity (179 folds) and interfacial adhesion (20 folds). This transformation can be applied to program time-dependent self-recovery in shape and self-delamination. Since OR is a ubiquitous, robust feature of various crystals, the approach reported here represents a new direction for designing advanced transient soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwei Liu
- Department: Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Yuanlai Fang
- Department: Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P. R. China
| | - Xinhong Xiong
- Department: Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
| | - Weiming Xu
- Department: Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Jiaxi Cui
- Department: Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
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Petralito S, Garzoli S, Ovidi E, Laghezza Masci V, Trilli J, Bigi B, Di Muzio L, Carriero VC, Casadei MA, Paolicelli P. Long-Term Stability of Lavandula x intermedia Essential Oil Nanoemulsions: Can the Addition of the Ripening Inhibitor Impact the Biocidal Activity of the Nanoformulations? Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:108. [PMID: 38258118 PMCID: PMC10821147 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, Lavandula x intermedia essential oil (LEO) was encapsulated in lipid-based nanoemulsions (NanoLEO) using the solvent-displacement technique. In order to preserve the colloidal stability of the formulation, LEO was appropriately doped with the incorporation of different levels of a water-insoluble oil used as a ripening inhibitor. All the nanoemulsion samples were evaluated in terms of the impact of the water-insoluble oil on the nanoemulsion formation, physical-chemical properties, and antibacterial effectiveness against E. coli (Gram-negative) and B. cereus (Gram-positive). The presence of the inert oil added benefits to the formulations in terms of appearance, colloidal stability, and loss of volatile components. However, the antimicrobial activity of the nanoemulsions dramatically decreased with the ripening inhibitor addition, probably because it hampered the internalization of the antimicrobial components of LEO within the bacterial cell membranes, thus nullifying the delivery ability of the nanoemulsion formulation. On the contrary, the undoped NanoLEO formulation showed unaltered antibacterial activity in both E. coli and B. cereus up to 40 weeks from the preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Petralito
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (J.T.); (B.B.); (L.D.M.); (V.C.C.); (M.A.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (J.T.); (B.B.); (L.D.M.); (V.C.C.); (M.A.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Elisa Ovidi
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.O.); (V.L.M.)
| | - Valentina Laghezza Masci
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.O.); (V.L.M.)
| | - Jordan Trilli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (J.T.); (B.B.); (L.D.M.); (V.C.C.); (M.A.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Barbara Bigi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (J.T.); (B.B.); (L.D.M.); (V.C.C.); (M.A.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Laura Di Muzio
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (J.T.); (B.B.); (L.D.M.); (V.C.C.); (M.A.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Vito Cosimo Carriero
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (J.T.); (B.B.); (L.D.M.); (V.C.C.); (M.A.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Casadei
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (J.T.); (B.B.); (L.D.M.); (V.C.C.); (M.A.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Patrizia Paolicelli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (J.T.); (B.B.); (L.D.M.); (V.C.C.); (M.A.C.); (P.P.)
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5
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Rahman AT, Ohyama Y, Tsuda S, Kondo H. Evaluation of Ice Recrystallization Inhibition of Ice-Binding Proteins by Monitoring Specific Ice Crystals. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2730:93-100. [PMID: 37943452 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3503-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Ice recrystallization is a phenomenon in which large ice crystals are formed at the expense of smaller ones. The resultant large ice crystals degrade the quality of frozen foods and cryopreserved biomaterials. To minimize freeze damage by controlling the ice recrystallization process, various compounds have been developed, including biological antifreezes, synthetic peptides, glycopeptides, polymers, and small molecules. To compare their efficiency, evaluation methods of ice recrystallization inhibition are important. This chapter describes a practical protocol to quantify the inhibition efficiency by observing specific ice crystals exhibiting uniform growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika T Rahman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yasushi Ohyama
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sakae Tsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- OPERANDO Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Kondo
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan.
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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6
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Galvani N, Pasquet M, Mukherjee A, Requier A, Cohen-Addad S, Pitois O, Höhler R, Rio E, Salonen A, Durian DJ, Langevin D. Hierarchical bubble size distributions in coarsening wet liquid foams. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306551120. [PMID: 37708201 PMCID: PMC10515135 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306551120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Coarsening of two-phase systems is crucial for the stability of dense particle packings such as alloys, foams, emulsions, or supersaturated solutions. Mean field theories predict an asymptotic scaling state with a broad particle size distribution. Aqueous foams are good model systems for investigations of coarsening-induced structures, because the continuous liquid as well as the dispersed gas phases are uniform and isotropic. We present coarsening experiments on wet foams, with liquid fractions up to their unjamming point and beyond, that are performed under microgravity to avoid gravitational drainage. As time elapses, a self-similar regime is reached where the normalized bubble size distribution is invariant. Unexpectedly, the distribution features an excess of small roaming bubbles, mobile within the network of jammed larger bubbles. These roaming bubbles are reminiscent of rattlers in granular materials (grains not subjected to contact forces). We identify a critical liquid fraction [Formula: see text], above which the bubble assembly unjams and the two bubble populations merge into a single narrow distribution of bubbly liquids. Unexpectedly, [Formula: see text] is larger than the random close packing fraction of the foam [Formula: see text]. This is because, between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], the large bubbles remain connected due to a weak adhesion between bubbles. We present models that identify the physical mechanisms explaining our observations. We propose a new comprehensive view of the coarsening phenomenon in wet foams. Our results should be applicable to other phase-separating systems and they may also help to control the elaboration of solid foams with hierarchical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Galvani
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Paris75005, France
- Lab Navier, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, CNRS, Champs-sur-Marne77420, France
| | - Marina Pasquet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Orsay91405, France
| | - Arnab Mukherjee
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Paris75005, France
| | - Alice Requier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Orsay91405, France
| | - Sylvie Cohen-Addad
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Paris75005, France
- Université Gustave Eiffel, Champs-sur-Marne77420, France
| | - Olivier Pitois
- Lab Navier, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, CNRS, Champs-sur-Marne77420, France
| | - Reinhard Höhler
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Paris75005, France
- Université Gustave Eiffel, Champs-sur-Marne77420, France
| | - Emmanuelle Rio
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Orsay91405, France
| | - Anniina Salonen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Orsay91405, France
| | - Douglas J. Durian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY10010
| | - Dominique Langevin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Orsay91405, France
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7
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Curk T, Luijten E. Phase separation and ripening in a viscoelastic gel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304655120. [PMID: 37523528 PMCID: PMC10410768 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304655120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of phase separation in elastic solids and viscous fluids is of fundamental importance to the stability and function of soft materials. We explore the dynamics of phase separation and domain growth in a viscoelastic material such as a polymer gel. Using analytical theory and Monte Carlo simulations, we report a domain growth regime in which the domain size increases algebraically with a ripening exponent [Formula: see text] that depends on the viscoelastic properties of the material. For a prototypical Maxwell material, we obtain [Formula: see text], which is markedly different from the well-known Ostwald ripening process with [Formula: see text]. We generalize our theory to systems with arbitrary power-law relaxation behavior and discuss our findings in the context of the long-term stability of materials as well as recent experimental results on phase separation in cross-linked networks and cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Curk
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Erik Luijten
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Engineering Sciences & Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
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8
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Visser N, Turner SJ, Stewart JA, Vandegehuchte BD, van der Hoeven JES, de Jongh PE. Direct Observation of Ni Nanoparticle Growth in Carbon-Supported Nickel under Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation Atmosphere. ACS Nano 2023; 17:14963-14973. [PMID: 37504574 PMCID: PMC10416566 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding nanoparticle growth is crucial to increase the lifetime of supported metal catalysts. In this study, we employ in situ gas-phase transmission electron microscopy to visualize the movement and growth of ensembles of tens of nickel nanoparticles supported on carbon for CO2 hydrogenation at atmospheric pressure (H2:CO2 = 4:1) and relevant temperature (450 °C) in real time. We observe two modes of particle movement with an order of magnitude difference in velocity: fast, intermittent movement (vmax = 0.7 nm s-1) and slow, gradual movement (vaverage = 0.05 nm s-1). We visualize the two distinct particle growth mechanisms: diffusion and coalescence, and Ostwald ripening. The diffusion and coalescence mechanism dominates at small interparticle distances, whereas Ostwald ripening is driven by differences in particle size. Strikingly, we demonstrate an interplay between the two mechanisms, where first coalescence takes place, followed by fast Ostwald ripening due to the increased difference in particle size. Our direct visualization of the complex nanoparticle growth mechanisms highlights the relevance of studying nanoparticle growth in supported nanoparticle ensembles under reaction conditions and contributes to the fundamental understanding of the stability in supported metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke
L. Visser
- Materials
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Savannah J. Turner
- Materials
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jessi E. S. van der Hoeven
- Materials
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra E. de Jongh
- Materials
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Sejwal G, Singh SK. Perspective: The unexplored dimensions behind the foam formation in River Yamuna, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:90458-90470. [PMID: 37479928 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
For nearly two years, a persistent foam cover has been observed during the post-monsoon season in the Yamuna River beneath the barrage near Okhla in Delhi, India. This affair has been a matter of public concern now, after the gigantic appearance of foam in November 2021, as the visibility of foam has awakened people's environmental 'conscience' over the 'concealed' chemical pollution. The mechanisms of agents responsible for foaming in rivers, particularly surfactants and phosphates, have received wide attention in the dynamic community of river pollution. Many studies in the past, around the globe, have evidently provided different rationales behind the dense foam formation in rivers, yet the Concerned Govt. Authorities have highlighted the cause of foam formation in the river Yamuna is associated with the presence of detergents and phosphates as foaming agents. Despite this, an aperture with copious unaccounted factors or underlying agents still exists to rationalize the foam formation and persistence. In this article, we outline these unaccounted factors which might be responsible for the foam formation and stabilization and give indications for future research directives towards the emergence of studies regarding the dense foam formation in river Yamuna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sejwal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India.
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10
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Park W, Park J, Im S, Choi SJ. Influence of the type and concentration of hydrocolloids on Ostwald ripening of emulsions stabilized with small molecular and non-ionic surfactants. Food Chem 2023; 411:135504. [PMID: 36682162 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The effects of hydrocolloid gum, gum arabic, carrageenan, and xanthan on the Ostwald ripening of emulsions fabricated using Brij or Tween surfactants were examined. Emulsions prepared using pure n-decane exhibited low stability to Ostwald ripening, and modifying the oil composition by mixing corn oil improved the stability to Ostwald ripening. When gums were added to emulsions prepared using pure n-decane, the stability to Ostwald ripening decreased further, except for xanthan in emulsions stabilized using Tween surfactant. This could be because gums may affect interactions between water molecules and the hydrophilic head of the surfactant, increasing the water solubility of n-decane. However, gum addition (or viscosity increment) increased the stability of emulsions prepared using the modified oil composition (90% n-decane and 10% corn oil). In conclusion, emulsions unstable to Ostwald ripening may be negatively affected by gum addition, whereas emulsions relatively stable to Ostwald ripening may be positively affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwoo Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Im
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea; Center for Functional Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Liu P, Dörfler A, Tabrizi AA, Skokan L, Rawach D, Wang P, Peng Z, Zhang J, Ruediger AP, Claverie JP. In Operando Photoswitching of Cu Oxidation States in Cu-Based Plasmonic Heterogeneous Photocatalysis for Efficient H 2 Evolution. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37257196 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles (NP) supported on TiO2 are known to be efficient photocatalysts for solar-to-chemical energy conversion. While TiO2 decorated with copper NPs has the potential to become an attractive system, the poor oxidative stability of Cu severely limits its applicability. In this work, we demonstrate that, when Cu NPs supported on TiO2 nanobelts (NBs) are engaged in the photocatalytic generation of H2 from water under light illumination, Cu is not only oxidized in CuO but also dissolved under the form of Cu+/Cu2+ ions, leading to a continuous reconstruction of nanoparticles via Ostwald ripening. By nanoencapsulating the CuOx (Cu/CuO/Cu2O) NPs by a few layers of carbon supported on TiO2 (TC@C), Ostwald ripening can be suppressed. Simultaneously, the resulting CuOx@C NPs are photoreduced under light illumination to generate Cu@C NPs. This photoswitching strategy allows the preparation of a Cu plasmonic photocatalyst with enhanced activity for H2 production. Remarkably, the photocatalyst is even active when illuminated with visible light, indicating a clear plasmonic enhancement of photocatalytic activity from the surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) effect of Cu NPs. Three-dimensional electromagnetic wave-frequency domain (3D-EWFD) simulations were conducted to confirm the SPR enhancement. This advance bodes for the development of scalable multifunctional Cu-based plasmonic photocatalysts for solar energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Liu
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Blvd de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K2R1, Canada
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux & Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Andreas Dörfler
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux & Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Afsaneh Asgariyan Tabrizi
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux & Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Lilian Skokan
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux & Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Diane Rawach
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux & Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Peikui Wang
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Blvd de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K2R1, Canada
| | - Zhiyuan Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP8888, Montréal QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Jianming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Andreas Peter Ruediger
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux & Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Jerome P Claverie
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Blvd de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K2R1, Canada
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12
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Singh D, Friis HA, Jettestuen E, Helland JO. Pore-scale Ostwald ripening of gas bubbles in the presence of oil and water in porous media. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 647:331-343. [PMID: 37267796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Ostwald ripening of gas bubbles is a spontaneous mass transfer process that can impact the storage volume of trapped gas in the subsurface. In homogeneous porous media with identical pores, bubbles evolve toward an equilibrium state of equal pressure and volume. How the presence of two liquids impacts ripening of a bubble population is less known. We hypothesize that the equilibrium bubble sizes depend on the surrounding liquid configuration and oil/water capillary pressure. METHOD AND NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS We investigate ripening of nitrogen bubbles in homogeneous porous media containing decane and water using a level set method that alternately simulates capillary-controlled displacement and mass transfer between bubbles to eradicate chemical-potential differences. We explore impacts of initial fluid distribution and oil/water capillary pressure on the bubble evolution. FINDINGS Ripening in three-phase scenarios in porous media stabilizes gas bubbles to sizes that depend on their surrounding liquids. Bubbles in oil decrease in size while bubbles in water increase in size with increasing oil/water capillary pressure. Bubbles in oil reach local equilibrium before the three-phase system stabilizes globally. A potential implication for field-scale gas storage is that the trapped gas fractions in oil and water vary with depth in the oil/water transition zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Singh
- Department of Energy and Petroleum Engineering, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Helmer André Friis
- Department of Energy and Petroleum Engineering, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Espen Jettestuen
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Tullins gate 2, N-0166 Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Olav Helland
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068 Stavanger, Norway
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13
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Jian L, Li M, Liu X, Wang G, Zhang X, Kim MG, Fu Y, Ma H. Unveiling Hierarchical Dendritic Co 3O 4-SnO 2 Heterostructure for Efficient Water Purification. Nano Lett 2023; 23:3739-3747. [PMID: 37075087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c05010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The construction of a desirable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective nanoheterostructure photoanode to treat refractory organics is critical and challenging. Herein, we unveiled a hierarchical dendritic Co3O4-SnO2 heterostructure via a sequential hydrothermal process. The time of the secondary hydrothermal process can control the size of the ultrathin SnO2 nanosheets on the basis of the Ostwald solidification mass conservation principle. Ti/Co3O4-SnO2-168h with critical growth size demonstrated a photoelectrocatalysis degradation rate of ∼93.3% for a high dye concentrate of 90 mg/L with acceptable long-term cyclability and durability over reported Co3O4-based electrodes because of the large electrochemically active area, low charge transfer resistance, and high photocurrent intensity. To gain insight into the photoelectric synergy, we proposed a type-II heterojunction between Co3O4 and SnO2, which prevents photogenerated carriers' recombination and improves the generation of dominant active species •O2-, 1O2, and h+. This work uncovered the Ti/Co3O4-SnO2-168 as a promising catalyst and provided a simple and inexpensive assembly strategy to obtain binary integrated nanohybrids with targeted functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhan Jian
- School of Light Industry & Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, No. 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Light Industry & Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, No. 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-Gu, Suwon 03063, Republic of Korea
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Physics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMTS), Thandalam, Chennai, 602105 Tamilnadu, India
| | - Guowen Wang
- School of Light Industry & Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, No. 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Light Industry & Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, No. 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Min Gyu Kim
- Beamline Research Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yinghuan Fu
- School of Light Industry & Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, No. 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Hongchao Ma
- School of Light Industry & Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, No. 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
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14
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Murphy JG, Raybin JG, Ansay GE, Sibener SJ. Spatiotemporal Mapping of Hole Nucleation and Growth during Block Copolymer Terracing with High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy. ACS Nano 2023; 17:5644-5652. [PMID: 36912602 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As a platform for investigating two-dimensional phase separation, we track the structural evolution of block copolymer thin films during thermal annealing with environmentally controlled atomic force microscopy (AFM). Upon thermal annealing, block copolymer films with incommensurate thickness separate into a terraced morphology decorated with holes. With in situ imaging at 200 °C, we follow the continuous progression of terrace formation in a single region of a cylinder-forming poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) thin film, beginning with the disordered morphology on an unpatterned silicon substrate and continuing through nucleation and coarsening stages. Topographic AFM imaging with nanoscale resolution simultaneously captures ensemble hole growth statistics while locally tracking polymer diffusion through measurements of the film thickness. At early times, we observe homogeneous hole nucleation and isotropic growth, with kinetics following the predictions of classical nucleation theory. At later times, however, we find anomalous hole growth which arises due to the combination of Ostwald ripening and coalescence mechanisms. In each case, our real-space observations highlight the importance of hole interactions for determining coarsening kinetics, mediated either through the interconnected phase for Ostwald ripening or through binary collision events for coalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia G Murphy
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jonathan G Raybin
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Genevieve E Ansay
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Steven J Sibener
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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15
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Solano E, Dendooven J, Deduytsche D, Poonkottil N, Feng JY, Roeffaers MBJ, Detavernier C, Filez M. Metal Nanocatalyst Sintering Interrogated at Complementary Length Scales. Small 2023; 19:e2205217. [PMID: 36445117 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticle (NP) sintering is a prime cause of catalyst degradation, limiting its economic lifetime and viability. To date, sintering phenomena are interrogated either at the bulk scale to probe averaged NP properties or at the level of individual NPs to visualize atomic motion. Yet, "mesoscale" strategies which bridge these worlds can chart NP populations at intermediate length scales but remain elusive due to characterization challenges. Here, a multi-pronged approach is developed to provide complementary information on Pt NP sintering covering multiple length scales. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) and Monte Carlo simulation show that the size evolution of individual NPs depends on the number of coalescence events they undergo during their lifetime. In its turn, the probability of coalescence is strongly dependent on the NP's mesoscale environment, where local population heterogeneities generate NP-rich "hotspots" and NP-free zones during sintering. Surprisingly, advanced in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction shows that not all NPs within the small NP sub-population are equally prone to sintering, depending on their crystallographic orientation on the support surface. The demonstrated approach shows that mesoscale heterogeneities in the NP population drive sintering and mitigation strategies demand their maximal elimination via advanced catalyst synthesis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Solano
- NCD-SWEET beamline, ALBA synchrotron light source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290, Spain
| | - Jolien Dendooven
- Conformal Coating of Nanomaterials (CoCooN), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Davy Deduytsche
- Conformal Coating of Nanomaterials (CoCooN), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Nithin Poonkottil
- Conformal Coating of Nanomaterials (CoCooN), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Ji-Yu Feng
- Conformal Coating of Nanomaterials (CoCooN), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Maarten B J Roeffaers
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan, 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detavernier
- Conformal Coating of Nanomaterials (CoCooN), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Matthias Filez
- Conformal Coating of Nanomaterials (CoCooN), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan, 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
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16
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Kothari M, Cohen T. The crucial role of elasticity in regulating liquid–liquid phase separation in cells. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2022. [PMID: 36565390 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation has emerged as a fundamental mechanism underlying intracellular organization, with evidence for it being reported in numerous different systems. However, there is a growing concern regarding the lack of quantitative rigor in the techniques employed to study phase separation, and their ability to account for the complex nature of the cellular milieu, which affects key experimentally observable measures, such as the shape, size and transport dynamics of liquid droplets. Here, we bridge this gap by combining recent experimental data with theoretical predictions that capture the subtleties of nonlinear elasticity and fluid transport. We show that within a biologically accessible range of material parameters, phase separation is highly sensitive to elastic properties and can thus be used as a mechanical switch to rapidly transition between different states in cellular systems. Furthermore, we show that this active mechanically mediated mechanism can drive transport across cells at biologically relevant timescales and could play a crucial role in promoting spatial localization of condensates; whether cells exploit such mechanisms for transport of their constituents remains an open question.
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17
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Cairoli A, Spenlehauer A, Overby DR, Lee CF. Model of inverse bleb growth explains giant vacuole dynamics during cell mechanoadaptation. PNAS Nexus 2022; 2:pgac304. [PMID: 36845355 PMCID: PMC9944300 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cells can withstand hostile environmental conditions manifest as large mechanical forces such as pressure gradients and/or shear stresses by dynamically changing their shape. Such conditions are realized in the Schlemm's canal of the eye where endothelial cells that cover the inner vessel wall are subjected to the hydrodynamic pressure gradients exerted by the aqueous humor outflow. These cells form fluid-filled dynamic outpouchings of their basal membrane called giant vacuoles. The inverses of giant vacuoles are reminiscent of cellular blebs, extracellular cytoplasmic protrusions triggered by local temporary disruption of the contractile actomyosin cortex. Inverse blebbing has also been first observed experimentally during sprouting angiogenesis, but its underlying physical mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we hypothesize that giant vacuole formation can be described as inverse blebbing and formulate a biophysical model of this process. Our model elucidates how cell membrane mechanical properties affect the morphology and dynamics of giant vacuoles and predicts coarsening akin to Ostwald ripening between multiple invaginating vacuoles. Our results are in qualitative agreement with observations from the formation of giant vacuoles during perfusion experiments. Our model not only elucidates the biophysical mechanisms driving inverse blebbing and giant vacuole dynamics, but also identifies universal features of the cellular response to pressure loads that are relevant to many experimental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Spenlehauer
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Darryl R Overby
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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18
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Rockenhäuser C, von Hartrott P, Skrotzki B. Brinell-Hardness data (HBW 2.5/62.5) of aluminum alloy EN AW-2618A after different aging times and temperatures. Data Brief 2022; 46:108830. [PMID: 36591388 PMCID: PMC9800173 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The article covers data on the Brinell hardness of the forged precipitation-hardened aluminum alloy EN AW-2618A in the initial T61 condition (i. e. slightly underaged) and after isothermal aging for up to 25,000 h at aging temperatures between 160 °C and 350 °C. In addition, the hardness was determined on specimens after creep testing at 190 °C and various stresses. The hardness decreases with increasing aging time due to the microstructural evolution of the hardening precipitates. The drop occurs faster the higher the aging temperature. Aging under creep load additionally accelerates the hardness decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rockenhäuser
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp von Hartrott
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Werkstoffmechanik (IWM), Wöhlerstraße 11, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Skrotzki
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany,Corresponding author.
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19
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Heltberg MS, Lucchetti A, Hsieh FS, Minh Nguyen DP, Chen SH, Jensen MH. Enhanced DNA repair through droplet formation and p53 oscillations. Cell 2022; 185:4394-4408.e10. [PMID: 36368307 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms are constantly exposed to DNA damage, and optimal repair is therefore crucial. A characteristic hallmark of the response is the formation of sub-compartments around the site of damage, known as foci. Following multiple DNA breaks, the transcription factor p53 exhibits oscillations in its nuclear concentration, but how this dynamics can affect the repair remains unknown. Here, we formulate a theory for foci formation through droplet condensation and discover how oscillations in p53, with its specific periodicity and amplitude, optimize the repair process by preventing Ostwald ripening and distributing protein material in space and time. Based on the theory predictions, we reveal experimentally that the oscillatory dynamics of p53 does enhance the repair efficiency. These results connect the dynamical signaling of p53 with the microscopic repair process and create a new paradigm for the interplay of complex dynamics and phase transitions in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias S Heltberg
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
| | | | - Feng-Shu Hsieh
- Lab for Cell Dynamics, Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Duy Pham Minh Nguyen
- Lab for Cell Dynamics, Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hong Chen
- Lab for Cell Dynamics, Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan; National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Physics Division, Complex Systems, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Mogens H Jensen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
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20
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Abstract
Additives, such as ions, small molecules, and macromolecules, have been found to regulate the formation of CaCO3 and control its morphologies and properties. However, a single additive usually affects dominantly one process in CaCO3's formation and is seldom found to significantly affect multiple CaCO3 formation processes. Here, we used in situ grazing incidence X-ray techniques to observe the heterogeneous formation of CaCO3 and found that a series of formation processes (i.e., nucleation, growth, and Ostwald ripening) were modulated by sulfate. In the nucleation process, increased interfacial free energy and bulk free energy cooperatively increased the nucleation barrier and decreased nucleation rates. In the growth process, sulfate reduced the electrostatic repulsion between CaCO3 precursors and nuclei, promoting CaCO3 growth. This influence on the growth counteracted the inhibition effect in the nucleation process, causing a nearly 100% increase in the volume of heterogeneously formed CaCO3. Meanwhile, adsorbed sulfate on CaCO3 nuclei may poison the surface of smaller CaCO3 nuclei, inhibiting Ostwald ripening. These revealed sulfate's active roles in controlling CaCO3 formation advance our understanding of sulfate-incorporated biomineralization and scaling phenomena in natural and engineered aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Zhu
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Zhenwei Gao
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Young-Shin Jun
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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21
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Diallo TM, Aziziyan MR, Arvinte R, Harmand JC, Patriarche G, Renard C, Fafard S, Arès R, Boucherif A. In-Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Observation of Germanium Growth on Freestanding Graphene: Unfolding Mechanism of 3D Crystal Growth During Van der Waals Epitaxy. Small 2022; 18:e2101890. [PMID: 34761502 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Breakthroughs in cutting-edge research fields such as hetero-integration of materials and the development of quantum devices are heavily bound to the control of misfit strain during heteroepitaxy. While remote epitaxy offers one of the most intriguing avenues, demonstrations of functional hybrid heterostructures are hardly possible without a deep understanding of the nucleation and growth kinetics of 3D crystals on graphene and their mutual interactions. Here, the kinetics of such processes from real-time observations of germanium (Ge) growth on freestanding single layer graphene (SLG) using in-situ transmission electron microscopy are unraveled. This powerful technique provides a unique opportunity to observe new and yet unexplored phenomena, which are not accessible to the standard ex situ characterizations. Through direct observations, remote interactions are elucidated between Ge crystals through the graphene layer in double heterostructures of Ge/graphene/Ge. Notably, the data show real-time evidence of vertical Ge atoms diffusion through the graphene layer. This phenomenon is attributed to the remote interactions of Ge atoms through the graphene lattice, due to its interatomic interaction transparency. Additionally, key mechanisms governing nucleation and initial growth in graphene were systematically determined. These findings enlighten the growth mechanism of graphene and provide a new pathway for disruptive hybrid semiconductor-graphene devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierno Mamoudou Diallo
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K OA5, Canada
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2)-CNRS UMI-3463 Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K OA5, Canada
| | - Mohammad Reza Aziziyan
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K OA5, Canada
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2)-CNRS UMI-3463 Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K OA5, Canada
| | - Roxana Arvinte
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K OA5, Canada
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2)-CNRS UMI-3463 Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K OA5, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Harmand
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Gilles Patriarche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Charles Renard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Simon Fafard
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K OA5, Canada
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2)-CNRS UMI-3463 Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K OA5, Canada
| | - Richard Arès
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K OA5, Canada
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2)-CNRS UMI-3463 Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K OA5, Canada
| | - Abderraouf Boucherif
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K OA5, Canada
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2)-CNRS UMI-3463 Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K OA5, Canada
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22
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Wang S, Huang F, Li X, Li W, Chen Y, Tang X, Jiao S, Cao R. Regulating Li 2S Deposition by Ostwald Ripening in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:4204-4210. [PMID: 35029365 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have attracted tremendous attention from both academia and industry for their high energy density and environmental benignity. However, the cell performance suffers from the passivation of the conductive matrix caused by uncontrolled lithium sulfide (Li2S) deposition. Therefore, regulation of Li2S deposition is essential to advanced Li-S batteries. In this work, the role of temperature in regulating Li2S deposition is comprehensively investigated. At room temperature (25 °C), Li2S exhibits a two-dimensional (2D) growth mode. The dense and insulating Li2S film covers the conductive surface rapidly, inhibiting the charge transfer for subsequent polysulfide reduction. Consequently, the severe passivation of the conductive surface degrades the cell performance. In contrast, three-dimensional (3D) Li2S is formed at a high temperature (60 °C) because of a faster Ostwald ripening rate at an elevated temperature. The passivation of the conductive matrix is mitigated effectively, and the cell performance is enhanced significantly, thanks to the formation of 3D Li2S. Ostwald ripening is also valid for Li-S cells under rigorous conditions. The cell working at 60 °C achieves a high specific capacity of 1228 mA h g-1 under the conditions of high S loading and a lean electrolyte (S loading = 3.6 mg cm-2, electrolyte/sulfur ratio = 3 μL mg-1), which is substantially higher than that at 25 °C. This work enriches the intrinsic understanding of Li2S deposition in Li-S batteries and provides facile strategies for improving the cell performance under practical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 Anhui, PR China
| | - Fanyang Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 Anhui, PR China
| | - Xinpeng Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 Anhui, PR China
| | - Wanxia Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 Anhui, PR China
| | - Yawei Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 Anhui, PR China
| | - Xin Tang
- Research Centre for Sustainable Energy Technologies, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 Anhui, PR China
| | - Shuhong Jiao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 Anhui, PR China
| | - Ruiguo Cao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 Anhui, PR China
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Sharma KS, Dubey AK, Kumar C, Phadnis PP, Sudarsan V, Vatsa RK. Mesoporous Silica-Coated Upconversion Nanoparticles Assisted Photodynamic Therapy Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid: Mechanistic and In Vivo Studies. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022; 5:583-597. [PMID: 35025194 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exclusively red-emitting upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with the composition NaErF4:0.5%Tm as a core and NaYF4 as a shell were synthesized for performing photodynamic therapy (PDT). A possible mechanism was proposed for core-shell UCNPs formation. For loading a maximum amount of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), mesoporous silica coating was performed on UCNPs. Studies under dark conditions confirmed the biocompatibility of 5-ALA-loaded UCNPs formulation (UCNPs-5-ALA) with MCF-7 cells. Meanwhile, studies under light-exposed conditions exhibited effective cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells. Studies employing D2O-based cell cultured media and addition of DABCO in cell culture established that the cell death was due to oxidation of cellular components by reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggering the apoptosis. The formation of ROS was confirmed by DCF(H)DA-based ROS analysis via fluorescence microscopy to demonstrate the ROS production, which mediates the programmed cell death. Additionally, we have validated the apoptosis in MCF-7 cells with flow cytometry analyses. This was further confirmed by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay on nuclear extract and measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential. In the case of animal model studies, the formulation UCNPs-5-ALA without irradiation (980 nm) did not possess any in vivo cytotoxicity on tumor-induced SCID mice and there was a minimum migration of UCNPs-5-ALA to the vital organs but maximum retention at the tumor site only. Meanwhile, only the mice treated with UCNPs-5-ALA and irradiated on the tumor region with 980 nm laser (500 mW) for 20 min possessed a tumor with a size reduced to about 75% as compared with the corresponding control groups. To the best of our knowledge, this type of study was conducted for the first time employing exclusively red-emitting phosphors for effective PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shitaljit Sharma
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Akhil K Dubey
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Prasad P Phadnis
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | | | - Rajesh K Vatsa
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
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24
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Kadukkattil Ramanunny A, Singh SK, Wadhwa S, Gulati M, Kapoor B, Khursheed R, Kuppusamy G, Dua K, Dureja H, Chellappan DK, Jha NK, Gupta PK, Vishwas S. Overcoming hydrolytic degradation challenges in topical delivery: non-aqueous nano-emulsions. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 19:23-45. [PMID: 34913772 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2019218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-aqueous nano-emulsions (NANEs) are colloidal lipid-based dispersions with nano-sized droplets formed by mixing two immiscible phases, none of which happens to be an aqueous phase. Their ability to incorporate water and oxygen sensitive drugs without any susceptibility to degradation makes them the optimum dosage form for such candidates. In NANEs, polar liquids or polyols replace the aqueous phase while surfactants remain same as used in conventional emulsions. They are a part of the nano-emulsion family albeit with substantial difference in composition and application. AREAS COVERED The present review provides a brief insight into the strategies of loading water-sensitive drugs into NANEs. Further advancement in these anhydrous systems with the use of solid particulate surfactants in the form of Pickering emulsions is also discussed. EXPERT OPINION NANEs offer a unique platform for delivering water-sensitive drugs by loading them in anhydrous formulation. The biggest advantage of NANEs vis-à-vis the other nano-cargos is that they can also be prepared without using equipment-intensive techniques. However, the use of NANEs in drug delivery is quite limited. Looking at the small number of studies available in this direction, a need for further research in this field is required to explore this delivery system further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Sheetu Wadhwa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, India.,Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience & Technology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (Set), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
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25
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Zeng L, Liu Y, Yuan Z, Wang Z. Formation and Physical Stability of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Essential Oil Based Nanoemulsions Co-Stabilized with Tea Saponin and Synthetic Surfactant. Molecules 2021; 26:7464. [PMID: 34946544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the possibility of adding tea saponin (TS) to reduce the synthetic surfactant concentration, and maintain or improve the shelf stability of nanoemulsions. The Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil (2.5 wt%) loaded oil-in-water nanoemulsions were co-stabilized by Tween 40 (0.5–2.5 wt%) and TS (0.1–5 wt%). A combination of several analytical techniques, such as dynamic laser scattering, interfacial tension, zeta potential, and transmission electron microscope, were used for the characterization of nanoemulsions. Low levels of TS (0.1–0.5 wt%) with Tween 40 had significant effects on the emulsification, and a nanoemulsion with the smallest droplet diameter of 89.63 ± 0.67 nm was obtained. However, in the presence of high TS concentration (0.5–5 wt%), micelles generated by the non-adsorbed surfactants in the aqueous lead to droplets growth. In addition, the combinations of Tween 40 and TS at the high level (>3.5 wt%) exerted a synergistic effect on stabilizing the nanoemulsions and preventing both Ostwald ripening and coalescence. The negative charged TS endowed the droplets with electrostatic repulsion and steric hinderance appeared to prevent flocculation and coalescence. These results would provide a potential application of natural TS in the preparation and stabilization of nanoemulsions containing essential oil.
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26
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Choupanian S, Nagel A, Möller W, Pacholski C, Ronning C. The disappearance and return of nanoparticles upon low energy ion irradiation. Nanotechnology 2021; 33:035703. [PMID: 34619667 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2dc3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ion irradiation of bulk and thin film materials is tightly connected to well described effects such as sputtering or/and ion beam mixing. However, when a nanoparticle is ion irradiated and the ion range is comparable to the nanoparticle size, these effects are to be reconsidered essentially. This study investigates the morphology changes of silver nanoparticles on top of silicon substrates, being irradiated with Ga+ions in an energy range from 1 to 30 keV. The hemispherical shaped nanoparticles become conical due to an enhanced and curvature-dependent sputtering, before they finally disappear. The sputter yield and morphology changes can be well described by 3D Monte Carlo TRI3DYN simulations. However, the combination of sputtering, ion beam mixing, ion beam induced diffusion, and Ostwald ripening at ion energies lower than 8 keV results in the reappearance of new particles. These newly formed nanoparticles appear in various structures depending on the material and ion energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Choupanian
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alessandro Nagel
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wolfhard Möller
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Pacholski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Carsten Ronning
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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27
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Iqbal S, Mady AH, Kim YI, Javed U, Shafi PM, Nguyen VQ, Hussain I, Tuma D, Shim JJ. Self-templated hollow nanospheres of B-site engineered non-stoichiometric perovskite for supercapacitive energy storage via anion-intercalation mechanism. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 600:729-739. [PMID: 34051462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The continual increase in energy demand and inconsistent supply have attracted attention towards sustainable energy storage/conversion devices, such as electrochemical capacitors with high energy densities and power densities. Perovskite oxides have received significant attention as anion-intercalation electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors. In this study, hollow nanospheres of non-stoichiometric cubic perovskite fluorides, KNi1-xCoxF3-δ (x = 0.2; δ = 0.33) (KNCF-0.2) have been synthesized using a localized Ostwald ripening. The electrochemical performance of the non-stoichiometric perovskite has been studied in an aqueous 3 M KOH electrolyte to categorically investigate the fluorine-vacancy-mediated charge storage capabilities. High capacities up to 198.55 mA h g-1 or 714.8 C g-1 (equivalent to 1435 F g-1) have been obtained through oxygen anion-intercalation mechanism (peroxide pathway, O-). The results have been validated using ICP (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) analysis and cyclic voltammetry. An asymmetric supercapacitor device has been fabricated by coupling KNCF-0.2 with activated carbon to deliver a high energy density of 40 W h kg-1 as well as excellent cycling stability of 98% for 10,000 cycles. The special attributes of hollow-spherical, non-stoichiometric perovskite (KNCF-0.2) have exhibited immense promise for their usability as anion-intercalation type electrodes in supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmad Iqbal
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Amr Hussein Mady
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea; Petrochemical Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Umer Javed
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - P Muhammed Shafi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Quang Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Dirk Tuma
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jae-Jin Shim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
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El-Hawari L, Bunjes H. Premix Membrane Emulsification: Preparation and Stability of Medium-Chain Triglyceride Emulsions with Droplet Sizes below 100 nm. Molecules 2021; 26:6029. [PMID: 34641572 PMCID: PMC8512003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Premix membrane emulsification is a promising method for the production of colloidal oil-in-water emulsions as drug carrier systems for intravenous administration. The present study investigated the possibility of preparing medium-chain triglyceride emulsions with a mean particle size below 100 nm and a narrow particle size distribution using sucrose laurate as an emulsifier. To manufacture the emulsions, a coarse pre-emulsion was repeatedly extruded through alumina membranes (Anodisc™) of 200 nm, 100 nm and 20 nm nominal pore size. When Anodisc™ membranes with 20 nm pore size were employed, nanoemulsions with z-average diameters of about 50 nm to 90 nm and polydispersity indices smaller than 0.08 could be obtained. Particle growth due to Ostwald ripening was observed over 18 weeks of storage. The Ostwald ripening rate linearly depended on the emulsifier concentration and the concentration of free emulsifier, indicating that micelles in the aqueous phase accelerated the Ostwald ripening process. Long-term stability of the nanoemulsions could be achieved by using a minimised emulsifier concentration or by osmotic stabilisation with soybean oil added in a mass ratio of 1:1 to the lipid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara El-Hawari
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Straße 35a, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heike Bunjes
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Straße 35a, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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29
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Ribis J, Mouton I, Baumier C, Gentils A, Loyer-Prost M, Lunéville L, Siméone D. Nano-Structured Materials under Irradiation: Oxide Dispersion-Strengthened Steels. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2590. [PMID: 34685031 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxide dispersion-strengthened materials are reinforced by a (Y, Ti, O) nano-oxide dispersion and thus can be considered as nanostructured materials. In this alloy, most of the nanoprecipitates are (Y, Ti, O) nano-oxides exhibiting a Y2Ti2O7 pyrochlore-like structure. However, the lattice structure of the smallest oxides is difficult to determine, but it is likely to be close to the atomic structure of the host matrix. Designed to serve in extreme environments—i.e., a nuclear power plant—the challenge for ODS steels is to preserve the nano-oxide dispersion under irradiation in order to maintain the excellent creep properties of the alloy in the reactor. Under irradiation, the nano-oxides exhibit different behaviour as a function of the temperature. At low temperature, the nano-oxides tend to dissolve owing to the frequent ballistic ejection of the solute atoms. At medium temperature, the thermal diffusion balances the ballistic dissolution, and the nano-oxides display an apparent stability. At high temperature, the nano-oxides start to coarsen, resulting in an increase in their size and a decrease in their number density. If the small nano-oxides coarsen through a radiation-enhanced Ostwald ripening mechanism, some large oxides disappear to the benefit of the small ones through a radiation-induced inverse Ostwald ripening. In conclusion, it is suggested that, under irradiation, the nano-oxide dispersion prevails over dislocations, grain boundaries and free surfaces to remove the point defects created by irradiation.
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Alexandrova IV, Alexandrov DV, Makoveeva EV. Ostwald ripening in the presence of simultaneous occurrence of various mass transfer mechanisms: an extension of the Lifshitz-Slyozov theory. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2021; 379:20200308. [PMID: 34275363 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Ostwald ripening stage of a phase transformation process with allowance for synchronous operation of various mass transfer mechanisms (volume diffusion and diffusion along the block boundaries and dislocations) and the initial condition for the particle-radius distribution function is theoretically studied. The initial condition is taken from the analytical solution describing the intermediate stage of a phase transition process. The present theory focuses on relaxation dynamics from the beginning of the ripening process to its final asymptotic state, which is described by the previously constructed theories (Slezov VV. et al. 1978 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 39, 705-709. (doi:10.1016/0022-3697(78)90002-1) and Alexandrov & Alexandrova 2020 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 378, 20190247. (doi:10.1098/rsta.2019.0247)). An evolutionary behaviour of particle growth rates dependent on various mass transfer mechanisms and time is analytically described. The boundaries of the transition layer, which surround the blocking point, are found. The fundamental and relaxation contributions to the particle-radius distribution function are derived for the simultaneous occurrence of various mass transfer mechanisms. The left branch of this function is shifted to smaller particle radii whereas its right branch extends to the right of the blocking point as compared with the asymptotic universal distribution function. The theory under consideration well agrees with experimental data. This article is part of the theme issue 'Transport phenomena in complex systems (part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Alexandrova
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitri V Alexandrov
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russian Federation
| | - Eugenya V Makoveeva
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russian Federation
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31
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Ito F, Naganawa R, Fujimoto Y, Takimoto M, Mochiduki Y, Katsumi S. Real-Time Fluorescence Visualization of Nanoparticle Aggregation and the Polymorph-Transition Process of a Mechanofluorochromic Difluoroboron-β-Diketone Derivative. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1662-1666. [PMID: 34181311 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of organic nanomaterials in biomedical and optical devices has been widely studied. The key to improving the performance and stability of these devices is to control the fabrication process, which determines the phase stability and photophysical properties. In this study, fluorescence changes were observed during the reprecipitation process of mechanofluorochromic molecules of dibenzoyl(methanato)boron difluoride. The cyan-emission phase (C-phase) was first identified. The time evolution of the resolved fluorescence spectra revealed that the green-emission phase (G-phase) was formed from the amorphous phase with yellow emission via the C-phase, in addition to the direct formation of the G-phase. Combined with the results of the investigation into the thermal properties, the fluorescence changes clearly indicate a two-step nucleation process and Ostwald's rule of stages for polymorph transition, which enables us to not only provide guidance for controlling the fabrication process but also propose the ripening process for organic nanoparticle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Institution of Education, Shinshu University, 6-ro, Nishinagano, Nagano, 380-8544, Japan
| | - Ryuji Naganawa
- Department of Chemistry, Institution of Education, Shinshu University, 6-ro, Nishinagano, Nagano, 380-8544, Japan
| | - Yushi Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Institution of Education, Shinshu University, 6-ro, Nishinagano, Nagano, 380-8544, Japan
| | - Maori Takimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Institution of Education, Shinshu University, 6-ro, Nishinagano, Nagano, 380-8544, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Mochiduki
- Department of Chemistry, Institution of Education, Shinshu University, 6-ro, Nishinagano, Nagano, 380-8544, Japan
| | - Shiho Katsumi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Institution 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
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Doan-Nguyen TP, Jiang S, Koynov K, Landfester K, Crespy D. Ultrasmall Nanocapsules Obtained by Controlling Ostwald Ripening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18094-18102. [PMID: 34056797 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We describe here a method to synthesize ultrasmall nanocapsules with a diameter of 6 nm, exhibiting a well-defined core-shell morphology. Remarkably, the nanocapules are synthesized in a miniemulsion process without the need of large amounts of surfactant as commonly used in the microemulsion process. Ultrasmall nanocapsules with an oil core and a silica shell are formed by the concurrent processes of a sol-gel reaction and Ostwald ripening. Using solvents with different water solubilities and alkoxysilanes with different reactivities, we demonstrate that sizes of obtained nanocapsules depend on the ripening rate and alkoxysilane conversion rate. The method can be also used for encapsulating natural oils such as peppermint oil and limonene. This work shows that the Ostwald ripening phenomenon can be employed beneficially for the preparation of very small colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao P Doan-Nguyen
- Max Planck-VISTEC Partner Laboratory for Sustainable Materials, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, 21210, Thailand.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Max Planck-VISTEC Partner Laboratory for Sustainable Materials, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, 21210, Thailand.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Crespy
- Max Planck-VISTEC Partner Laboratory for Sustainable Materials, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, 21210, Thailand.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, 21210, Thailand
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33
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Zandkarimi B, Poths P, Alexandrova AN. When Fluxionality Beats Size Selection: Acceleration of Ostwald Ripening of Sub-Nano Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11973-11982. [PMID: 33651898 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Size selection was demonstrated to suppress Ostwald ripening of supported catalytic nanoparticles. When the supported clusters are subnanometer in size and highly fluxional, such as Pt clusters on the rutile TiO2 (110) surface, this paradigm breaks down, and the established theory of sintering needs a revision. At temperatures characteristic of catalysis (i.e. 700 K), sub-nano clusters thermally populate many low-energy metastable isomers. As these isomers all have different geometric and electronic structures, and thus, formation and dissociation energies (in lieu of surface energy), Ostwald ripening is not suppressed, despite the size-selection. However, some clusters arise as magic numbers in terms of sintering stability at the ensemble level. Acceleration of sintering by metastable species persists though weakens in polydisperse cluster systems. We propose a competing pathways theory for sintering, which at the atomistic level describes the found size-specific sintering behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Zandkarimi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Patricia Poths
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Xu M, Liang L, Qi J, Wu T, Zhou D, Xiao Z. Intralayered Ostwald Ripening-Induced Self-Catalyzed Growth of CNTs on MXene for Robust Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. Small 2021; 17:e2007446. [PMID: 33733628 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The distinguishable physicochemical properties of MXenes render them attractive in electrochemical energy storage. However, the strong tendency to self-restack owing to the van der Waals interactions between the MXene layers incurs a massive decrease in surface area and blocking of ions transfer and electrolytes penetration. Here, in situ generated Ti3 C2 Tx MXene-carbon nanotubes (Ti3 C2 Tx -CNTs) hybrids are reported via low-temperature self-catalyzing growth of CNTs on Ti3 C2 Tx nanosheets without the addition of any catalyst precursors. With combined spectroscopic studies and theoretical calculation results, it is certified that the intralayered Ostwald ripening-induced Ti3 C2 Tx nanomesh structure contributes to the uniform precipitation of ultrafine metal Ti catalysts on Ti3 C2 Tx , thus giving rise to the in situ CNTs formation on the surface of Ti3 C2 Tx with high integrity. Taking advantages of intimate electrolyte penetration, unobstructed 3D Li+ /e transport, and rich electroactive sites, the Ti3 C2 Tx -CNTs hybrids are confirmed to be ideal 3D scaffolds for accommodating sulfur and regulating the polysulfides conversion for high-loaded lithium-sulfur batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Tianli Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zhubing Xiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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Ravera F, Dziza K, Santini E, Cristofolini L, Liggieri L. Emulsification and emulsion stability: The role of the interfacial properties. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 288:102344. [PMID: 33359938 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we highlight and discuss the effects of interfacial properties on the major mechanisms governing the aging of emulsions: flocculation, coalescence and Ostwald ripening. The process of emulsification is also addressed, as it is well recognized that the adsorption properties of emulsifiers play an important role on it. The consolidated background on these phenomena is briefly summarised based on selected literature, reporting relevant findings and results, and discussing some criticalities. The typical experimental approaches adopted to investigate the above effects are also summarised, underlining in particular the role of adsorption at the droplet interface. Attention is paid to different types of surface-active species involved with emulsion production, including solid particles. The latter being of increasing interest in a wide variety of emulsions-related products and technologies in various fields. The possibility to stop the long term aging caused by Ostwald ripening in emulsions is also discussed, quantifying under which conditions it may occur in practice.
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Delic A, Mariussen E, Roede ED, Krivokapic A, Erbe A, Lindgren M, Benelmekki M, Einarsrud MA. Fluorescent Nanocomposites: Hollow Silica Microspheres with Embedded Carbon Dots. Chempluschem 2021; 86:176-183. [PMID: 33476099 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically fluorescent carbon dots may form the basis for a safer and more accurate sensor technology for digital counting in bioanalytical assays. This work presents a simple and inexpensive synthesis method for producing fluorescent carbon dots embedded in hollow silica particles. Hydrothermal treatment at low temperature (160 °C) of microporous silica particles in presence of urea and citric acid results in fluorescent, microporous and hollow nanocomposites with a surface area of 12 m2 /g. High absolute zeta potential (-44 mV) at neutral pH demonstrates the high electrosteric stability of the nanocomposites in aqueous solution. Their fluorescence emission at 445 nm is remarkably stable in aqueous dispersion under a wide pH range (3-12) and in the dried state. The biocompatibility of the composite particles is excellent, as the particles were found to show low genotoxicity at exposures up to 10 μg/cm2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmira Delic
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Saelands vei 12, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Espen Mariussen
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, NO-2007, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Erik Dobloug Roede
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Saelands vei 12, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Andreas Erbe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Saelands vei 12, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mikael Lindgren
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria Benelmekki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Saelands vei 12, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mari-Ann Einarsrud
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Saelands vei 12, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
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Che Lah NA, Kamaruzaman A, Trigueros S. pH-Dependent Formation of Oriented Zinc Oxide Nanostructures in the Presence of Tannic Acid. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 11:nano11010034. [PMID: 33375524 PMCID: PMC7823811 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
To crucially comprehend the relaying factors behind the growth mechanism of ZnO nanostructures, the needs to understand the cause of preferences in the enhancement of desired physicochemical properties are essential. The particular oriented attachment (OA) is believed to become the cause of the classical growth pattern of ZnO nanostructures which is mainly controlled by the Ostwald ripening (OR) process. In the present work, the concerns over the systematic changes in size and the morphological surface of ZnO nanostructures upon exposure to tannic acid (TA) prepared by drop-wise method turns the particles to different surface adjustment state. Here, we assessed the TA capping ability and its tendency to influence the OA process of the ZnO nanostructures. The detailed process of the growth-based TA system via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and FFT autocorrelation revealed the pH effect on their physical properties which proved the transition surface properties state of the particles from rough to smooth states due to oriented attachment. For pure ZnO nanostructures, the surface is almost smooth owing to the strong bonding particles which are then changed to coarsened surface structures upon the introduction of TA. Strong surface adsorption of Zn cations and phenol ligands mediated the agglomerated nanocrystals, surprisingly with smaller nanostructures dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Akmal Che Lah
- Faculty of Manufacturing & Mechatronics Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang 26600, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-9424-5825
| | - Aqilah Kamaruzaman
- Faculty of Manufacturing & Mechatronics Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang 26600, Malaysia;
| | - Sonia Trigueros
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK;
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Wan Q, Lin H, Wang S, Dai J, Chen C. Ripening-resistance of Pd on TiO 2(110) from first-principles kinetics. Front Optoelectron 2020; 13:409-417. [PMID: 36641558 PMCID: PMC9743926 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-019-0926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Suppressing sintering of supported particles is of importance for the study and application of metal-TiO2 system. Theoretical study of Ostwald ripening of TiO2(110)-supported Pd particles would be helpful to extend the understanding of the sintering. In this paper, based on density functional theory (DFT), the surface energy of Pd and the total activation energy (the sum of formation energy and diffusion barrier) of TiO2-supported Pd were calculated. Since the total activation energy is mainly contributed from the formation energy, it is indicated that the ripening of Pd particles would be in the interface control limit. Subsequently, the calculated surface energy and total activation energy were used to simulate Ostwald ripening of TiO2(110)-supported Pd particles. As a result, in comparison with larger particles, smaller particles would worsen the performance of ripening-resistance according to its lower onset temperature and shorter half-life time. The differences on ripening-resistance among different size particles could be mitigated along with the increase of temperature. Moreover, it is verified that the monodispersity can improve ripening resistance especially for the smaller particles. However, the different performances of the ripening originating from difference of the relative standard deviation are more obvious at higher temperature than lower temperature. This temperature effect for the relative standard deviation is the inverse of that for the initial main particle size. It is indicated that the influence of dispersity of TiO2(110)-supported Pd particles on ripening may be more sensitive at higher temperature. In this contribution, we extend the first principle kinetics to elaborate the ripening of Pd on TiO2(110). It is expected that the information from first principle kinetics would be helpful to the study in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Wan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory for Optoelectronics and Communication of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Hao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 110623, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiangnan Dai
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Changqing Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Yang WS, Liu S, Han SW, Wang JW, Guo J, Yan Y, Guo HJ. Characteristics and Transformation Mechanism of Nonmetallic Inclusions in 304 Stainless Steel during Heat Treatment at 1250 °C. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13235396. [PMID: 33261087 PMCID: PMC7729443 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evolutions of two typical types of nonmetallic inclusions, i.e., inclusions based on CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 and MnO-SiO2-Al2O3 of 304 stainless steel were investigated in laboratory-scale experiments under isothermal heat treatment at 1250 °C for 0, 30, 60 and 120 min. Results show inclusion population density increases at the first stage and then decreases while their average size decreases and then increases. Moreover, almost no Cr2O3 content within the inclusion before the heat treatment, but Cr2O3 content increases gradually along with increasing heat treatment time. Furthermore, the increasing of Cr2O3 content in the inclusions would increase their melting points and reduce their plasticities. The experimental results and thermodynamic analysis indicate that there are three steps for inclusion evolution during the heat treatment process, in which Ostwald ripening plays an important role in inclusion evolution, i.e., inclusions grow by absorbing the newly formed small-size MnO-Cr2O3 inclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sheng Yang
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100083, China; (W.-S.Y.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.-J.G.)
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100083, China; (W.-S.Y.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.-J.G.)
| | - Shao-Wei Han
- Steelmaking Department, Beijing Shougang Co., Ltd, Qian’an 064400, China;
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- Material Research and Surface Engineering Research Center, Dongfang Electric Corporation Dongfang Turbine Co., LTD, Deyang 618000, China;
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100083, China; (W.-S.Y.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.-J.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+86-010-15801530260
| | - Yan Yan
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100083, China; (W.-S.Y.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.-J.G.)
| | - Han-Jie Guo
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100083, China; (W.-S.Y.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (H.-J.G.)
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40
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Jamoussi Y, Zaiter T, Desrumaux C, Acar N, Pellequer Y, Béduneau A. Investigation of the spontaneous nanoemulsification process with medium- and long-chain triglycerides. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111432. [PMID: 33166936 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oil-in-water nanoemulsions are used in numerous biomedical applications as delivery systems. The droplet size in the nanometer range and their composition were extensively developed for carrying and enhancing the absorption of lipophilic drugs and lipids of interest. In the present study, critical parameters involved in the spontaneous nanoemulsification process such as the temperature, the oil type, the surfactant-to-oil and water-to-oil ratios were investigated. The aim was to design a solvent-free procedure for the spontaneous nanoemulsification at a low temperature of a large variety of triglycerides including vegetable oils. Nanoemulsification of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) was not dependent on the temperature while nanodroplets of long-chain triglycerides (LCT) were only obtained by reaching the cloud point of ethoxylated surfactant Kolliphor® HS15. The molar volume of triglycerides was considered as a predictive parameter governing both, the spontaneous nanoemulsification at low temperature and the Ostwald ripening rate. The physical mixture of MCT and LCT was a promising strategy to prepare stable and fine nanoemulsions at 37 °C. They were characterized by a hydrodynamic diameter comprised between 20 and 30 nm and a narrow size distribution. These findings pave the way to new applications for the parenteral nutrition and the delivery of thermosensitive drugs and lipophilic molecules such as antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Jamoussi
- PEPITE EA4267, Labex LipSTIC, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Taghrid Zaiter
- PEPITE EA4267, Labex LipSTIC, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Catherine Desrumaux
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Dementia Laboratory (MMDN), INSERM, U1198, Environmental Impact in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (EiAlz) Team, 34095 Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; EPHE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Yann Pellequer
- PEPITE EA4267, Labex LipSTIC, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Arnaud Béduneau
- PEPITE EA4267, Labex LipSTIC, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.
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Ernst OC, Lange F, Uebel D, Teubner T, Boeck T. Analysis of catalyst surface wetting: the early stage of epitaxial germanium nanowire growth. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2020; 11:1371-1380. [PMID: 32974115 PMCID: PMC7492698 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The dewetting process is crucial for several applications in nanotechnology. Even though not all dewetting phenomena are fully understood yet, especially regarding metallic fluids, it is clear that the formation of nanometre-sized particles, droplets, and clusters as well as their movement are strongly linked to their wetting behaviour. For this reason, the thermodynamic stability of thin metal layers (0.1-100 nm) with respect to their free energy is examined here. The decisive factor for the theoretical considerations is the interfacial energy. In order to achieve a better understanding of the interfacial interactions, three different models for estimating the interfacial energy are presented here: (i) fully theoretical, (ii) empirical, and (iii) semi-empirical models. The formation of nanometre-sized gold particles on silicon and silicon oxide substrates is investigated in detail. In addition, the strengths and weaknesses of the three models are elucidated, the different substrates used are compared, and the possibility to further process the obtained particles as nanocatalysts is verified. The importance of a persistent thin communication wetting layer between the particles and its effects on particle size and number is also clarified here. In particular, the intrinsic reduction of the Laplace pressure of the system due to material re-evaporation and Ostwald ripening describes the theoretically predicted and experimentally obtained results. Thus, dewetting phenomena of thin metal layers can be used to manufacture nanostructured devices. From this point of view, the application of gold droplets as catalysts to grow germanium nanowires on different substrates is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen C Ernst
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Max-Born-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Lange
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Max-Born-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Uebel
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Max-Born-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Teubner
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Max-Born-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Boeck
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Max-Born-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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42
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Liu Y, Zheng Y, Zhu Y, Ma F, Zheng X, Yang K, Zheng X, Xu Z, Ju S, Zheng Y, Guo T, Qian L, Li F. Unclonable Perovskite Fluorescent Dots with Fingerprint Pattern for Multilevel Anticounterfeiting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:39649-39656. [PMID: 32698573 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Anticounterfeiting techniques based on physical unclonable functions exhibit great potential in security protection of extensive commodities from daily necessities to high-end products. Herein, we propose a facile strategy to fabricate an unclonable super micro fingerprint (SMFP) array by introducing in situ grown perovskite crystals for multilevel anticounterfeiting labels. The unclonable features are formed on the basis of the differential transportation of a microscale perovskite precursor droplet during the inkjet printing process, coupled with random crystallization and Ostwald ripening of perovskite crystals originating from their ion crystal property. Furthermore, the unclonable patterns can be readily tailored by tuning in situ crystallization conditions of the perovskite. Three-dimensional height information on the perovskite patterns are introduced into a security label and further transformed into structural color, significantly enhancing the capacity of anticounterfeiting labels. The SMFPs are characterized with tunable multilevel anticounterfeiting properties, including macroscale patterns, microscale unclonable pattern, fluorescent two-dimensional pattens, and colorful three-dimensional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhui Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangbin Zhu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Fumin Ma
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Zheng
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyu Yang
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwei Xu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Songman Ju
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueting Zheng
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Tailiang Guo
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Qian
- TCL Corporate Research, Shenzhen 518067, People's Republic of China
| | - Fushan Li
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
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Zheng Z, Yang F, Lin C, Zhu F, Shen S, Wei G, Zhang J. Voltage Cycling-Induced Pt Degradation in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Effect of Cycle Profiles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:35088-35097. [PMID: 32662620 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To understand the processes of voltage cycling-induced catalyst degradation, influence of cycle profiles on Pt degradation is investigated using a mathematical method. Results show that the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) loss rate increases significantly with longer dwell time at the upper potential limit (UPL), which is mainly attributed to the enhanced Pt mass loss. The scan rate is also found to have little impact on the ECSA loss in the range of 1-37.5 mV/s as a lower scan rate will increase the Pt mass loss but mitigate Ostwald ripening. However, too long dwell time at the UPL or too slow scan rate would promote the formation of a more steady-state Pt oxide coverage, which is speculated to mitigate Pt dissolution. Decreasing cycle number has also been demonstrated to be the main contributor to the lower ECSA loss due to Ostwald ripening. Additionally, Ostwald ripening and Pt mass loss have comparable contributions to catalyst degradation at the UPL ≤ 0.9 V, while Pt mass loss contributes more at a higher UPL, which suggests that different load cycling strategies should be proposed for mitigating catalyst degradation at different UPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Zheng
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Chen Lin
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Fengjuan Zhu
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shuiyun Shen
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Guanghua Wei
- SJTU-ParisTech Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China
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Benrabah L, Kemel K, Twarog C, Huang N, Solgadi A, Laugel C, Faivre V. Lipid-based Janus nanoparticles for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications: Kinetics and mechanisms of destabilization with time and temperature. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 195:111242. [PMID: 32652399 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the time and thermal stability of innovative multicompartmental nanoparticles. These particles, having a hydrophilic side and a hydrophobic side, belong to the family of Janus particles and are promising tools to carry active ingredients with opposite solubilities in a unique nanocarrier. The stability of nanoparticles obtained with mainly two types of polyoxylglycerides (Labrafil® M2125 CS and Labrafil® M1944 CS) has been investigated. The suspensions describe a two-step maturation/destabilization process with an Ostwald ripening phase followed by the coalescence of the particles. The effect of lipid composition and temperature on these steps has been investigated in deep as stability with temperature is a critical parameter to consider in order to envisage the development of any formulation for pharmaceutical or cosmetic uses. These nanoparticles were particularly stable at room temperature as their hydrodynamic diameter did not change significantly for 20 months. Contrarily, a strong dependency to temperature appears when storage temperature increases from 25 °C to 43 °C. Indeed, Labrafil® M1944 CS seemed to undergo a progressive destabilization where a significant increase of particles size is visible from 25 °C and phase separation occurred after 4 months at 32 °C. At the opposite, Labrafil® M2125 CS remained stable until 36 °C and reached a threshold temperature between 32 °C and 36 °C after which Labrafil® M2125 CS underwent a consequent increase of particles size at the longer time, i.e. after 6 months. Moreover, Labrafil® M2125 CS formulation was stable at least 3 months at 43 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Benrabah
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Labex LERMIT, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - K Kemel
- Lip(Sys)² Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, EA7357 Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - C Twarog
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Labex LERMIT, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - N Huang
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Labex LERMIT, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - A Solgadi
- Service d'Analyse des Médicaments et Métabolites (SAMM), SFR-UMS IPSIT, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - C Laugel
- Lip(Sys)² Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, EA7357 Université Paris-Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - V Faivre
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Labex LERMIT, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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Yang Y, Biviano MD, Guo J, Berry JD, Dagastine RR. Mass transfer between microbubbles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 571:253-259. [PMID: 32203761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.02.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The role of interfacial coatings in gas transport dynamics in foam coarsening is often difficult to quantify. The complexity of foam coarsening measurements or gas transport measurements between bubbles requires assumptions about the liquid thin film thickness profile in order to explore the effects of interfacial coatings on gas transport. It should be possible to independently quantify the effects from changes in film thickness and interfacial permeability by using both atomic force microscopy and optical microscopy to obtain time snapshots of this dynamic process. Further, it is expected that the surfactant and polymer interfacial coatings will affect the mass transfer differently. EXPERIMENTS We measure the mass transfer between the same nitrogen microbubbles pairs in an aqueous solution using two methods simultaneously. First, we quantify the bubble volume changes with time via microscopy and second, we use Atomic Force Microscopy to measure the film thickness and mass transfer resistances using a model for the gas transport. FINDINGS Modelling of the interface deformation, surface forces and mass transfer across the thin film agrees with independent measurements of changes in bubble size. We demonstrate that an anionic surfactant does not provide a barrier to mass transfer, but does enhance mass transfer above the critical micelle concentration. In contrast, a polymer monolayer at the interface does restrict mass transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing at Karamay, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, China; Institute of Unconventional Oil and Gas Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Matthew D Biviano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Jixiang Guo
- Institute of Unconventional Oil and Gas Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Joseph D Berry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
| | - Raymond R Dagastine
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
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Alexandrov DV, Alexandrova IV. From nucleation and coarsening to coalescence in metastable liquids. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 378:20190247. [PMID: 32279640 PMCID: PMC7202768 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The transition of a metastable liquid (supersaturated solution or supercooled melt) occurring from the intermediate stage (where the crystals nucleate and grow) to the concluding stage (where the larger particles evolve at the expense of the dissolution of smaller particles) is theoretically described, with allowance for various mass transfer mechanisms (reaction on the interface surface, volume diffusion, grain-boundary diffusion, diffusion along the dislocations) arising at the stage of Ostwald ripening (coalescence). The initial distribution function (its 'tail') for the concluding stage (forming as a result of the evolution of a particulate assemblage during the intermediate stage) is taken into account to determine the particle-size distribution function at the stage of Ostwald ripening. This modified distribution function essentially differs from the universal Lifshitz-Slyozov (LS) solutions for several mass transfer mechanisms. Namely, its maximum lies below and is shifted to the left in comparison with the LS asymptotic distribution function. In addition, the right branch of the particle-size distribution lies above and is shifted to the right of the LS blocking point. It is shown that the initial 'tail' of the particle-size distribution function completely determines its behaviour at the concluding stage of Ostwald ripening. The present theory agrees well with experimental data. This article is part of the theme issue 'Patterns in soft and biological matters'.
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Khalakhan I, Bogar M, Vorokhta M, Kúš P, Yakovlev Y, Dopita M, Sandbeck DJS, Cherevko S, Matolínová I, Amenitsch H. Evolution of the PtNi Bimetallic Alloy Fuel Cell Catalyst under Simulated Operational Conditions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:17602-17610. [PMID: 32191029 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive understanding of the catalyst corrosion dynamics is a prerequisite for the development of an efficient cathode catalyst in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. To reach this aim, the behavior of fuel cell catalysts must be investigated directly under reaction conditions. Herein, we applied a strategic combination of in situ/online techniques: in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy, in situ grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering, and electrochemical scanning flow cell with online detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. This combination of techniques allows in-depth investigation of the potential-dependent surface restructuring of a PtNi model thin film catalyst during potentiodynamic cycling in an aqueous acidic electrolyte. The study reveals a clear correlation between the upper potential limit and structural behavior of the PtNi catalyst, namely, its dealloying and coarsening. The results show that at 0.6 and 1.0 VRHE upper potentials, the PtNi catalyst essentially preserves its structure during the entire cycling procedure. The crucial changes in the morphology of PtNi layers are found to occur at 1.3 and 1.5 VRHE cycling potentials. Strong dealloying at the early stage of cycling is substituted with strong coarsening of catalyst particles at the later stage. The coarsening at the later stage of cycling is assigned to the electrochemical Ostwald ripening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Khalakhan
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Bogar
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- CERIC-ERIC c/o Elettra Synchrotron, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mykhailo Vorokhta
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kúš
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Yurii Yakovlev
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Dopita
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel John Seale Sandbeck
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH. Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH. Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iva Matolínová
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Trujillo-Cayado LA, Santos J, Calero N, Alfaro-Rodríguez MC, Muñoz J. Strategies for reducing Ostwald ripening phenomenon in nanoemulsions based on thyme essential oil. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:1671-1677. [PMID: 31802496 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White thyme essential oil, which can be incorporated in clean-label and food emulsion-based products, is a natural antimicrobial agent. However, emulsions containing essential oils commonly undergo Ostwald ripening as the main destabilization process. The main objective of this work was to evaluate various strategies for the inhibition of Ostwald ripening so as to develop stable nanoemulsions containing white thyme essential oil as food preservative and Kolliphor EL as surfactant. RESULTS In a first approach, the influence of the surfactant/dispersed phase ratio and the number of cycles through a microfluidizer on droplet size distribution was evaluated. Unfortunately, these emulsions underwent Ostwald ripening, which was demonstrated by the application of the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory. In order to reduce this destabilization mechanism, two different techniques based on the modification of the formulation (addition of rosin gum or Aerosil COK84) were analysed using laser diffraction and multiple light scattering techniques. The addition of rosin gum inhibited the Ostwald ripening mechanism, but only partially. Conversely, the incorporation of Aerosil COK84 to the continuous phase led to a gel-like rheological behaviour which seemed to practically avoid Ostwald ripening. CONCLUSIONS Aerosil particles cover the droplets and form a three-dimensional network suggesting a Pickering stabilization, which was confirmed using transmission electronic microscopy. The results confirmed the role of Aerosil COK84, not only as a thickener or gelling agent, but also as an Ostwald ripening inhibitor. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Trujillo-Cayado
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jenifer Santos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nuria Calero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - José Muñoz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Yang Y, Wu J, Wang X, Guo Q, Liu X, Sun W, Wei Y, Huang Y, Lan Z, Huang M, Lin J, Chen H, Wei Z. Suppressing Vacancy Defects and Grain Boundaries via Ostwald Ripening for High-Performance and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1904347. [PMID: 31880354 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
As one kind of promising next-generation photovoltaic devices, perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have experienced unprecedented rapid growth in device performance over the past few years. However, the practical applications of PVSCs require much improved device long-term stability and performance, and internal defects and external humidity sensitivity are two key limitation need to be overcome. Here, gadolinium fluoride (GdF3 ) is added into perovskite precursor as a redox shuttle and growth-assist; meanwhile, aminobutanol vapor is used for Ostwald ripening in the formation of the perovskite layer. Consequently, a high-quality perovskite film with large grain size and few grain boundaries is obtained, resulting in the reduction of trap state density and carrier recombination. As a result, a power conversion efficiency of 21.21% is achieved with superior stability and negligible hysteresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jihuai Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Qiyao Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xuping Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Weihai Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yuelin Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yunfang Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zhang Lan
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Miaoliang Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jianming Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zhanhua Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
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Turner C, Donose BC, Birkett G, Pratt S. Silica fouling during groundwater RO treatment: The effect of colloids' radius of curvature on dissolution and polymerisation. Water Res 2020; 168:115135. [PMID: 31622911 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silica fouling during groundwater reverse osmosis (RO) treatment can have a significant impact on filtration performance. To better understand this phenomenon, the equilibrium kinetics of amorphous colloidal silica were studied at conditions relevant to RO of silica-rich alkaline groundwater. The impact of particle size was investigated using synthetic monodisperse silica nanoparticles. Bench scale experiments were conducted by monitoring dissolved silica concentration of aqueous suspensions of colloids of 100 and 300 nm diameter and pH 8.5 to 9.5. The equilibrium data was determined from existing established rate law equations. This study concluded that surface energy has a major impact on silica dissolution rate constant, particularly for colloidal silica. Observations of Ostwald ripening in bidisperse silica dispersions further confirmed these results, which indicate that dissolution and redeposition is responsible for the problematic silica fouling behaviour during RO treatment. 2D modelling based on inferred equilibrium data allows visualization of scale layer growth in agreement with cross-sectional scanning electron micrographs of autopsied membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Turner
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Bogdan C Donose
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Greg Birkett
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steven Pratt
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia
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