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Miller J, Nimlos CT, Li Y, Young AC, Ciesielski PN, Chapman LM, Foust TD, Mukarakate C. Risk Minimization in Scale-Up of Biomass and Waste Carbon Upgrading Processes. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:666-679. [PMID: 38239432 PMCID: PMC10792666 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c06231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Improving the odds and pace of successful biomass and waste carbon utilization technology scale-up is crucial to decarbonizing key industries such as aviation and materials within timelines required to meet global climate goals. In this perspective, we review deficiencies commonly encountered during scale-up to show that many nascent technology developers place too much focus on simply demonstrating that technologies work in progressively larger units ("profit") without expending enough up-front research effort to identify and derisk roadblocks to commercialization (collecting "information") to inform the design of these units. We combine this conclusion with economic and timeline data collected from technology scale-up and piloting operations at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to motivate a more scientific, risk-minimized approach to biomass and waste carbon upgrading scale-up. Our proposed approach emphasizes maximizing information collection in the smallest, most agile, and least expensive experimental setups possible, emulating the mentality embraced by R&D across the petrochemical industry. Key points are supported by examples of successful and unsuccessful scale-up efforts undertaken at NREL and elsewhere. We close by showing that the U.S. national laboratory system is uniquely well equipped to serve as a hub to facilitate effective scale-up of promising biomass and waste carbon upgrading technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob
H. Miller
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Claire T. Nimlos
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Yudong Li
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Andrew C. Young
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Peter N. Ciesielski
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Liz M. Chapman
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Thomas D. Foust
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Calvin Mukarakate
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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2
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Zhang H, Okuyama K, Higuchi S, Soon G, Lisak G, Law AWK. CFD-DEM simulations of municipal solid waste gasification in a pilot-scale direct-melting furnace. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 162:43-54. [PMID: 36933447 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A multiphase CFD-DEM model was built to simulate the waste-to-energy gasifying and direct melting furnace in a pilot demonstration facility. The characterizations of feedstocks, waste pyrolysis kinetics, and charcoal combustion kinetics were first obtained in the laboratory and used as model inputs. The density and heat capacity of waste and charcoal particles were then modelled dynamically under different status, composition, and temperature. A simplified ash melting model was developed to track the final fate of waste particles. The simulation results were in good agreement with the site observations in both temperature and slag/fly-ash generations, verifying the CFD-DEM model settings and gas-particle dynamics. More importantly, the 3-D simulations quantified and visualized the individual functioning zones in the direct-melting gasifier as well as the dynamic changes throughout the whole lifetime of waste particles, which is otherwise technically unachievable for direct plant observations. Hence, the study demonstrates that the established CFD-DEM model together with the developed simulation procedures can be used as a tool for the optimisation of operating conditions and scaled-up design for future prototype waste-to-energy gasifying and direct melting furnace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- JFE Engineering Corporation Singapore Branch, 1 CleanTech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Keiichi Okuyama
- JFE Engineering Corporation Singapore Branch, 1 CleanTech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Shinji Higuchi
- JFE Engineering Corporation Singapore Branch, 1 CleanTech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Genevieve Soon
- Environmental Process Modelling Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Grzegorz Lisak
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Adrian Wing-Keung Law
- Environmental Process Modelling Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
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3
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Wang J, Ku X. Numerical simulation of biomass steam gasification in an internally interconnected fluidized bed using a two-grid MP-PIC model. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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4
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Hydrodynamic characteristics of pyrolyzing biomass particles in a multi-chamber fluidized bed. POWDER TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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5
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Du S, Lv G, Ma W, Gu G, Fu B. Effect of inlet gas velocity on gas-solid fluidization characteristics in fluidized bed. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2022-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In this article, the Eulerian–Eulerian TFM model is used to simulate the fluidization of the synthesis process of organosilicon monomers. A new method for analyzing the gas-solid fluidization characteristics is proposed by combining the gas-solid two-phase flow evolution formula with the parameters such as particle concentration and bed voidage. On this basis, the fluidization characteristics of silicon powder particles at constant velocity and variable velocity are compared, and the fluidization characteristics of silicon powder particles with different particle sizes under five sets of variable velocity are discussed. The simulation results show that compared with constant velocity, the mean bed voidage is 0.55 when silicon particles adopt variable velocity, which can not only keep silicon particles fully fluidized but also improve the problem of poor gas-solid contact. For silicon particles with particle diameters of 300.1–515 μm, variable velocity fluidization has the advantages of uniform bed distribution and sufficient gas-solid fluidization. In the five groups of variable velocity function, when the inlet gas velocity and time are the quadratic functions of the opening upward, the fluctuation of pressure fluctuation is small, and the maximum fluctuation range of particle solid phase distribution is only 0.13, indicating that the heat and mass transfer efficiency between silicon particles is better, the gas-solid mixing is sufficient, and the gas-solid fluidization quality is better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlin Du
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Cleaning Utilization in Yunnan Province , Kunming 650093 , China
| | - Guoqiang Lv
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Cleaning Utilization in Yunnan Province , Kunming 650093 , China
| | - Wenhui Ma
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Cleaning Utilization in Yunnan Province , Kunming 650093 , China
| | - Guangkai Gu
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Cleaning Utilization in Yunnan Province , Kunming 650093 , China
| | - Boqiang Fu
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Cleaning Utilization in Yunnan Province , Kunming 650093 , China
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6
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Gas–solid flow characteristics of fluidized bed with binary particles. POWDER TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.118206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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7
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CFD-DEM study of reactive gas-solid flows with cohesive particles in a high temperature polymerization fluidized bed. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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8
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Computer Simulation of the Effect of Wettability on Two-Phase Flow Through Granular Porous Materials. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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9
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Particle scale study of heat transfer in the fluidized bed combustion process. POWDER TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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10
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CFD-Simulation of Isobutane Dehydrogenation for a Fluidized Bed Reactor. CHEMENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering6060098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a mathematical model of the isobutane dehydrogenation process for a laboratory reactor with a diameter of 2.8 cm and a height of 70 cm was created using CFD methods. A two-fluid model was selected as a model for the fluidization simulation, when the gas and solid granular phases were considered as continuous. The model of chemical kinetics considers three reactions that make the main contribution to the products mass fraction at the reactor outlet: the reaction of catalytic dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutylene, the reaction of thermal cracking of isobutylene with the formation of methane and propylene, and the reaction of catalytic hydrogenation of propylene. The model was verified in a series of experimental studies. Experimental studies and numerical simulations were carried out for the process parameters: gas velocity 0.008, 0.012 and 0.016 m/s, gas temperature 550, 575, 600 and 625 °C, and catalyst mass 75, 100 and 125 g. The optimal process temperature was 575 °C, where the yield of isobutylene averaged 47.6% of the mass. As the temperature decreased, the yield of isobutylene decreased to 40.1% by weight on average. With an increase in temperature, the yield of isobutylene increased to 52.8% by weight on average, and the total yield of products of side reactions increased to 20% by weight on average. Changes in the gas velocity and catalyst mass had an insignificant effect on the values of the yield of isobutylene, but significantly affected the values of the yield of the by-products.
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11
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Yan D, Li H, Zhu Q, Hu C, Zou Z, Sun H. Structure-based simulation of mass transfer in turbulent fluidized beds without local equilibrium assumption. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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12
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Zhang Y, Xu J, Chang Q, Zhao P, Wang J, Ge W. Numerical simulation of fluidization: Driven by challenges. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.118092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Wang J, Ku X, Lin J. Numerical investigation of biomass pyrolysis performance in a fluidized-bed reactor by a TFM-DEM hybrid model. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Coarse-grained rCFD-DEM analysis of coke gasification and iron ore reduction in the shaft region of an ironmaking blast furnace. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Deagglomeration of selected high-load API-carrier particles in swirl-based dry powder inhalers. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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16
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17
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Tan W, Du S, He Y, Lv G, Ma W, Xing A, Huang J. Effects of opening design of gas distribution plate on fluidization of the synthesis process of organosilicon monomer. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Multi-Scale Modeling of Plastic Waste Gasification: Opportunities and Challenges. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124215. [PMID: 35744275 PMCID: PMC9228121 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Among the different thermo-chemical recycling routes for plastic waste valorization, gasification is one of the most promising, converting plastic waste into syngas (H2+CO) and energy in the presence of an oxygen-rich gas. Plastic waste gasification is associated with many different complexities due to the multi-scale nature of the process, the feedstock complexity (mixed polyolefins with different contaminations), intricate reaction mechanisms, plastic properties (melting behavior and molecular weight distribution), and complex transport phenomena in a multi-phase flow system. Hence, creating a reliable model calls for an extensive understanding of the phenomena at all scales, and more advanced modeling approaches than those applied today are required. Indeed, modeling of plastic waste gasification (PWG) is still in its infancy today. Our review paper shows that the thermophysical properties are rarely properly defined. Challenges in this regard together with possible methodologies to decently define these properties have been elaborated. The complexities regarding the kinetic modeling of gasification are numerous, compared to, e.g., plastic waste pyrolysis, or coal and biomass gasification, which are elaborated in this work along with the possible solutions to overcome them. Moreover, transport limitations and phase transformations, which affect the apparent kinetics of the process, are not usually considered, while it is demonstrated in this review that they are crucial in the robust prediction of the outcome. Hence, possible approaches in implementing available models to consider these limitations are suggested. Finally, the reactor-scale phenomena of PWG, which are more intricate than the similar processes-due to the presence of molten plastic-are usually simplified to the gas-solid systems, which can result in unreliable modeling frameworks. In this regard, an opportunity lies in the increased computational power that helps improve the model's precision and allows us to include those complexities within the multi-scale PWG modeling. Using the more accurate modeling methodologies in combination with multi-scale modeling approaches will, in a decade, allow us to perform a rigorous optimization of the PWG process, improve existing and develop new gasifiers, and avoid fouling issues caused by tar.
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Fang N, Zeng L, Li Z, Lu Y, Chen Z. Numerical analysis of an 80,000 Nm 3/h fly ash entrained-flow gasifier at various burner inclination angles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:26726-26737. [PMID: 34855182 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17770-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The raw syngas effluent from a fluidized bed gasifier typically contains a large amount of fly ash having a high concentration of carbon, which is undesirable. The present work examined the newly developed entrained-flow gasification technology intended to gasify raw syngas. Simulation of gas-solid flow and reaction behavior in an industrial-scale entrained-flow gasifier applying this new technology was first performed to obtain a better understanding of the particle flow and gasification characteristics. In addition, the devolatilization and heterogeneous reactions of fly ash particles were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and user-defined function. The predictions from the simulation showed good agreement with the results of in situ experimental measurements. The combustion reaction for raw syngas occurred in the burner jet zone. As the hot gaseous products diffused, gasification reactions dominated the other zones. When burner inclination angle was 0°, 8.5°, and 25.5°, the temperature at the bottom outlet of the gasifier was lower than the ash flow temperature with the value of 1360 °C. Solid slag formed and blocked the outlet. By comparison, this gasifier with the burner inclination angle of 17° could discharge the liquid slag and function as a continuous operation. In this way, the carbon conversion in fly ash reached the maximum value of 87%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Fang
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Zeng
- School of Mechanical Engineering,, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengqi Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Lu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
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20
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Napolitano ES, Di Renzo A, Di Maio FP. Coarse-grain DEM-CFD modelling of dense particle flow in Gas–Solid cyclone. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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22
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Yue Y, Wang S, Shen Y. CFD-DEM study of mitigation of alternating spout deflection in a spout fluidized bed: A geometry perspective. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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23
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Xie J, Zhong W, Shao Y. Study on the char combustion in a fluidized bed by CFD-DEM simulations: Influences of fuel properties. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Alfano FO, Benassi A, Gaspari R, Di Renzo A, Di Maio FP. Full-Scale DEM Simulation of Coupled Fluid and Dry-Coated Particle Flow in Swirl-Based Dry Powder Inhalers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Benassi
- DP Manufacturing & Innovation, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, 43122 Parma, Italy
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Gaspari
- DP Manufacturing & Innovation, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, 43122 Parma, Italy
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Lian G, Zhong W, Liu X. CFD–DEM Investigation of Fuel Dispersion Behaviors in a 3D Fluidized Bed. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Lian
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Wenqi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Liu X, Wang S, Du Y, Zheng M, Yang S, Wang H. CFD study of the thermochemical characteristics of mesoscale bubbles in a BFB gasifier. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Wang T, Wang S, Shen Y. Particle-scale study of gas-solid flows in a bubbling fluidised bed: Effect of drag force and collision models. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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30
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Tsugeno Y, Sakai M, Yamazaki S, Nishinomiya T. DEM simulation for optimal design of powder mixing in a ribbon mixer. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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32
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Gao X, Yu J, Lu L, Rogers WA. Coupling particle scale model and
SuperDEM‐CFD
for multiscale simulation of biomass pyrolysis in a packed bed pyrolyzer. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gao
- National Energy Technology Laboratory Morgantown West Virginia USA
- Leidos Research Support Team Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - Jia Yu
- National Energy Technology Laboratory Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - Liqiang Lu
- National Energy Technology Laboratory Morgantown West Virginia USA
- Leidos Research Support Team Morgantown West Virginia USA
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Shao Y, Agarwal RK, Li J, Wang X, Jin B. Computational Fluid Dynamics–Discrete Element Model Simulation of Flow Characteristics and Solids’ Residence Time Distribution in a Moving Bed Air Reactor for Chemical Looping Combustion. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Shao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ramesh K. Agarwal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Jiageng Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baosheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China
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34
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Particle-Scale Simulation of Solid Mixing Characteristics of Binary Particles in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13174442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of solid mixing dynamic is of profound significance to the heat transfer and reaction efficiencies in energy engineering. In the current study, the solid mixing characteristics of binary particles in the bubbling fluidized bed are further revealed at particle-scale. Specifically, the influences of gas superficial velocity, Sauter mean diameter (SMD) in the system and the range distribution of particle sizes on the performance of mixing index are quantitatively explored using a computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM) coupling model. The competition between solid segregation and the mixing of binary particles is deeply analyzed. There is a critical superficial velocity that maximizes the mixing index of the binary mixture in the bubbling fluidized bed. Solid mixing performs more aggressive when below the critical velocity, otherwise solid segregation overtakes mixing when above this critical velocity. Moreover, superficial velocity is a major factor affecting the mixing efficiency in the binary bubbling fluidized bed. Additionally, the mixing behavior is enhanced with the decrease of SMD while it is deteriorated in the binary system with a wide range of particle size distribution. Therefore, it is highly recommended to perform a binary particle system with smaller SMD and closer particle size distribution for the purpose of enhancing the mixing behavior. The significant understanding of mixing characteristics is expected to provide valuable references for the design, operation, and scale-up of binary bubbling fluidized bed.
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