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Tarchi SM, Salvatore M, Lichtenstein P, Sekar T, Capaccione K, Luk L, Shaish H, Makkar J, Desperito E, Leb J, Navot B, Goldstein J, Laifer S, Beylergil V, Ma H, Jambawalikar S, Aberle D, D'Souza B, Bentley-Hibbert S, Marin MP. Radiology of fibrosis part III: genitourinary system. J Transl Med 2024; 22:616. [PMID: 38961396 PMCID: PMC11223291 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological process involving the abnormal deposition of connective tissue, resulting from improper tissue repair in response to sustained injury caused by hypoxia, infection, or physical damage. It can impact any organ, leading to their dysfunction and eventual failure. Additionally, tissue fibrosis plays an important role in carcinogenesis and the progression of cancer.Early and accurate diagnosis of organ fibrosis, coupled with regular surveillance, is essential for timely disease-modifying interventions, ultimately reducing mortality and enhancing quality of life. While extensive research has already been carried out on the topics of aberrant wound healing and fibrogenesis, we lack a thorough understanding of how their relationship reveals itself through modern imaging techniques.This paper focuses on fibrosis of the genito-urinary system, detailing relevant imaging technologies used for its detection and exploring future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Maria Tarchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Mary Salvatore
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Philip Lichtenstein
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Thillai Sekar
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kathleen Capaccione
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Lyndon Luk
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hiram Shaish
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jasnit Makkar
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Elise Desperito
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jay Leb
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Benjamin Navot
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jonathan Goldstein
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sherelle Laifer
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Volkan Beylergil
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sachin Jambawalikar
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Dwight Aberle
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Belinda D'Souza
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Stuart Bentley-Hibbert
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Monica Pernia Marin
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Chen P, Xu P, Liu C. Long-term outcomes of bipolar transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate on patients with benign prostatic obstruction: a 10-year follow-up. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2023; 167:340-346. [PMID: 35938386 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the long-term outcomes of bipolar transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate (B-TUERP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS A total of 1195 patients with BPH who underwent B-TUERP from July 2006 to June 2010 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Preoperative data, particularly urodynamic study (UDS) parameters, were collected by questionnaire and examination. Postoperative follow-up was performed at 3, 6, 12, 36, 60 and 120 months, respectively. Demographic, perioperative and functional data were analysed. International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life and overactive bladder syndrome score (OABSS) were used to assess the functional scores. Predictors of postoperative urgency incontinence were identified by univariate analysis. RESULTS Long-term outcomes of functional score were significantly better than the preoperative values. All UDS variables, including maximum urinary flow rate, postvoid residual urine volume, compliance, maximum cystometric capacity (MCC), bladder outlet obstruction index, prostatic urethral pressure and detrusor pressure at maximum urinary flow rate, were all significantly improved. No one required reoperation due to recurrent BPH. The postoperative rate of transient urinary incontinence was 31.7%, while the long-term incontinence rate was 0%. Retrograde ejaculation occurred in 44.3% patients who remained sexually active after operation. Patients who had transient urge incontinence were older with preoperative higher OABSS, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and detrusor overactivity rate and lower MCC. CONCLUSION B-TUERP is a safe, successful and highly effective treatment for BPH at 10-year follow-up. Increased age, OABSS, PSA level and detrusor overactivity rate are potential predictors for urge incontinence after B-TUERP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijie Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong Province, China
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Park JY, Park WY, Song G, Jung SJ, Kim B, Choi M, Kim SH, Park J, Kwak HJ, Ahn KS, Lee JH, Um JY. Panax ginseng C.A. meyer alleviates benign prostatic hyperplasia while preventing finasteride-induced side effects. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1039622. [PMID: 36713838 PMCID: PMC9877295 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1039622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, a widely used traditional medicine in East Asia, shows many beneficial effects on immune function, male erectile dysfunction, cancer, excessive oxidants, and aging issues. However, its effect on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and its potential in the treatment of side effects related to finasteride (Fi), an FDA-approved drug for BPH, are less known. This study aimed to verify the therapeutic effects of a water extract of P. ginseng (PGWE) on BPH in testosterone propionate (TP)-induced BPH rats and TP-treated RWPE-1 human epithelial cells, and the inhibitory potential on the Fi-induced side effects is also explored. In the TP-induced BPH rat model, PGWE alleviated the pathological markers of BPH such as weight and epithelial thickness of the prostate, and the serum level of dihydrotestosterone. PGWE downregulated androgen-related BPH factors such as 5α-reductase 2 and androgen receptor. PGWE also showed prostatic cell apoptosis accompanied by increased expression of Bax and decreased expression of Bcl-xL and cleaved-caspase 3, respectively, in addition to increasing mitochondrial dynamics in both in vivo and in vitro BPH models. Notably, reduced sperm count, one of the serious side effects of Fi, in the epididymis of BPH rats was recovered with PGWE treatment, suggesting less toxicity to sperm development by PGWE. PGWE also protected against Fi-induced sperm loss when PGWE was administered in combination with Fi without compromising the therapeutic effects of Fi on BPH. Based on these findings, we propose that PGWE could be an alternative therapeutic agent for BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Yeon Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic ofKorea
| | - Woo Yong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic ofKorea
| | - Gahee Song
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic ofKorea
| | - Se Jin Jung
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic ofKorea
| | - Beomsu Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic ofKorea
| | - Minji Choi
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic ofKorea
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic ofKorea
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic ofKorea,Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic ofKorea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kwak
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Kyonggi University, Seoul, Republic ofKorea,*Correspondence: Hyun Jeong Kwak, ; Jae-Young Um,
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic ofKorea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic ofKorea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic ofKorea,Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic ofKorea,*Correspondence: Hyun Jeong Kwak, ; Jae-Young Um,
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Park JY, Park WY, Park J, Ahn KS, Lee JH, Kwak HJ, Um JY. Therapeutic role of Glycyrrhiza Uralensis fisher on benign prostatic hyperplasia through 5 alpha reductase regulation and apoptosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154371. [PMID: 35964456 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-related disease in adult men. There are two pharmacological treatments for BPH. However, these synthetic materials have various risks, many studies are being conducted to develop new drugs from natural sources. PURPOSE In this study, we proposed a beneficial effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer on the development and progression of BPH, focusing on the androgen receptor (AR) and 5α-reductase 2 (5AR2) signaling axis. METHODS To explain the therapeutic efficacy of a water extract of G. uralensis (GUWE) for BPH, we used testosterone propionate (TP)-induced BPH rat models and TP-treated RWPE-1 human prostate epithelial cells. RESULTS In the TP-induced BPH rat models, GUWE reduced the enlarged prostate weight, prostate index, prostate epithelial thickness, and serum DHT levels. In addition, the protein levels of AR and 5AR2 in prostate tissues were significantly decreased by GUWE treatment. Furthermore, GUWE induced apoptosis signaling through an increase of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), caspase 3, and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and a decrease of B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-xL) in prostate tissues of TP-induced BPH rats. These findings were also confirmed in TP-treated RWPE-1 cells. Fi treatment markedly decreased the sperm count in the epididymis of BPH rats, but GUWE treatment did not affect the sperm count, suggesting less toxicity. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that GUWE reduces the development of BPH by inhibiting AR-5AR2 and activating the apoptosis signaling pathway. Furthermore, unlike finasteride, GUWE did not affect sperm count. Therefore, we suggest that GUWE has a potential as a safer alternative option for BPH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Yeon Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Yong Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kwak
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Liu R, Zhang S, Wan R, Deng J, Fang W. Effect of Beclin-1 gene silencing on autophagy and apoptosis of the prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cells. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100076. [PMID: 36088885 PMCID: PMC9468350 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to explore the effect of silencing Beclin-1 gene on autophagy and apoptosis of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) (BPH-1) cells under the condition of Androgen Deprivation (AD) and Autophagy Inhibition (AI). METHODS Control group (BPH-1 group), empty carrier group (sh-RNA-BPH-1 group) and Beclin-1 silenced group (sh-Beclin1-BPH-1 group) were set. The Beclin-1 gene silencing efficiency was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Autophagic flux was monitored by GFP-LC3 cleavage assay and cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of LC3, Caspase-3, PARP-1, Bcl-2, and Bax were detected by Western blot. RESULTS The transfection of sh-Beclin-1 obviously down-regulated the expression of Beclin-1 at both mRNA and protein levels. Under the conditions of AD and AI, silencing of Beclin-1 restrained the autophagy of BPH-1 cells, as evidenced by a decreased number of autophagosomes and down-regulation of LC3-II protein (p < 0.001). The results of flow cytometry showed that the apoptotic rate of sh-Beclin-1 group was elevated significantly compared to the other two groups (p < 0.01). Western blot results showed that silencing of Beclin-1 promoted 89 kd fragmentation of PARP-1 (p < 0.001) and Caspase-3 activation (p < 0.01). Moreover, silencing of Beclin-1 resulted in declined Bcl-2 and augmented Bax protein expression in BPH-1 cells (p < 0.01), which ultimately led to a decreased Bcl-2/Bax ratio. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the silencing of Beclin-1 gene hampered autophagy while activating apoptosis in BPH-1 cells. Thus, Beclin-1 may participate in an antagonistic relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfu Liu
- Department of Urology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Rui Wan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiang Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Urology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Ahmed AS, Soliman MG. Protective Role of 4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-Butanone on Prostatic Cells Hyperplasia of Rats and Human, 5α-reductase Inhibition Pathway. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2021; 9:164-169. [PMID: 35070691 PMCID: PMC8751679 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_37_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate gland is an exocrine gland that could be affected by various pathological conditions. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-dependent medical condition caused by increased activity of 5α-reductase enzyme (5α-R). Medical treatment by finasteride is considered during treatment, but it has unavoidable side effects. Hence, there is an increasing need to use natural ingredients for BPH treatment. Gingerol oil (ginger extract) is transferred by heating into zingerone. Recent studies reported the effect of zingerone on prostate cancer cells. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of the present research is to investigate the protective effect of zingerone against BPH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty male Albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control group, prostatic hyperplasia group treated with saline, and prostatic hyperplasia group treated with zingerone (PH-Z-G). At day 28, all rats were sacrificed, epididymis and prostate samples were collected for histopathological examination and Western blotting for androgen receptors (ARs) proteins and steroid 5 alpha-reductase 1 (SRD5A1). Human RWPE-1 prostatic cell line was assessed for viability and cycle after treated with zingerone 500 μg/day for 10 days. RESULTS PH-S group showed significant (P < 0.05) thickening of connective tissue septa associated with narrowing of acinar lumen. PH-Z group showed regain of the normal histological feature. SRD5A1 and AR expression was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in PH-Z group in comparison with PH-S group. Cell line proliferation was significantly reduced after application of zingerone with G2/M cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSION Our results showed that natural herbal zingerone decreased the prostatic tissue levels of (5α reductase and AR) in rat BPH model, which could be a promising herbal medicine for BPH treatment. Further human clinical trials are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, College of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Elbaz EM, Amin HAA, Kamel AS, Ibrahim SM, Helmy HS. Immunomodulatory effect of diallyl sulfide on experimentally-induced benign prostate hyperplasia via the suppression of CD4+T/IL-17 and TGF-β1/ERK pathways. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1407-1420. [PMID: 32785828 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate common in older men. Diallyl sulfide (DAS), a major component of garlic, has been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects. However, the underlying protective immunomodulatory mechanism of DAS on BPH remains vague. Herein, experimental BPH was induced in rats by daily subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate (TP) (3 mg/kg, s.c.) for 4 weeks. In parallel, finasteride (Fin) (5 mg/kg, p.o) or DAS (50 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered orally during BPH induction. TP-induced histological alterations and the immune-inflammatory cascade. On the other hand, DAS or Fin administration alleviated all abnormalities induced testosterone. Fin and DAS administration markedly reduced prostate weight by 53% with Fin, and by 60% with DAS. Moreover, serum testosterone and DHT were reduced by 55% and 52%, respectively, with Fin and by 68% and 75%, respectively, with DAS, in concordance with decreased protein expression of androgen receptor (AR), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Furthermore, both regime lessen immune-inflammatory milieu, as evidenced by decrease CD4+ T-cells protein expression and associated inflammatory cytokines. Concomitantly, Fin and DAS exhibited marked mitigation in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signaling. Besides alleviating oxidative stress by 53% and 68% in prostatic MDA and by 27% and 7% in prostatic iNOS with Fin and DAS, respectively. In conclusion, this work highlighted a potential therapeutic approach of DAS as a dietary preventive agent against BPH via its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effect along with suppression of the ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Elbaz
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Hebat Allah A Amin
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Kamel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Sherehan M Ibrahim
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Hebatullah S Helmy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Ciríaco SL, Carvalho IPS, Alves Terceiro Neto J, de Sousa Lima Neto J, de Oliveira DHB, Cunha APGP, Cavalcante YTD, da Silva DTC, da Silva JA, Mineiro ALBB, de Lima Chagas Moreno Fernandes MZ, Carvalho ALM. Development of microemulsion of tamsulosin and dutasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 185:110573. [PMID: 31675643 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition characterized by a benign enlargement of the prostate that interferes with the normal flow of urine. This disease is treated with the oral administration of combination therapy comprising α-blockers (tamsulosin) and 5α-reductase inhibitors (dutasteride). However, these compounds have low bioavailability. Thus, transdermal microemulsions aimed at promoting permeation and efficient targeted drug delivery through the skin are used. The objectives of this study were to obtain microemulsions of the combined doses of dutasteride and tamsulosin and evaluate their anti-hyperplastic activity in vivo. A phase diagram (4:1) was obtained for the choice of microemulsions. The microemulsions were characterized in terms of the droplet size, rheology, pH, conductivity, refractive index, in vitro release profile, and antihyperplastic effect in vivo. A method for the simultaneous quantification of drugs was developed using UV-vis spectroscopy. The microemulsions had an average size less than 116 nm, an acidic pH and low viscosity. The conductivity ranged from 6.18 to 185.2 μS/cm. The in vitro release profile was sustained for 6 h. Microemulsions promoted the reduction in the size of testosterone-dependent organs (prostate and seminal vesicles). Transdermal formulations for the treatment of BPH were obtained as a therapeutic alternative to conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayara Lopes Ciríaco
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | - José Alves Terceiro Neto
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - José Alexsandro da Silva
- Department of Agrarian and Extract Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Agroindustry Systems, Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal, PB, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Luis Menezes Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
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Ückert S, Kedia GT, Tsikas D, Simon A, Bannowsky A, Kuczyk MA. Emerging drugs to target lower urinary tract symptomatology (LUTS)/benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): focus on the prostate. World J Urol 2019; 38:1423-1435. [PMID: 31506747 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-019-02933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The benign prostatic syndrome, comprising lower urinary tract symptomatology secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia/enlargement, represents a major health care issue in westernized countries. The pharmacological management involves alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, intervention into the hormonal control of prostate growth using inhibitors of the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase, and stimulation of the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway by tadalafil, an inhibitor of the phosphodiesterase type 5. METHODS This review summarizes the achievements which have been made in the development of drug candidates assumed to offer opportunities as beneficial treatment options in the management of the benign prostatic syndrome. RESULTS A review of the literature has revealed that the line of development is focusing on drugs interfering with peripheral neuromuscular/neuronal mechanisms (nitric oxide donor drugs, agonists/antagonists of endogenous peptides, botulinum toxin, NX-1207), the steroidal axis (cetrorelix) or the metabolic turn-over (lonidamine), as well as the combination of drugs already established in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptomatology/benign prostatic hyperplasia (phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor plus alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist). CONCLUSION Many research efforts have provided the basis for the development of new therapeutic modalities for the management of lower urinary tract dysfunctions, some of which might be offered to the patients in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Ückert
- Division of Surgery, Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30623, Hannover, Germany.
| | - George T Kedia
- Division of Surgery, Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30623, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Core Unit Proteomics, Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Markus A Kuczyk
- Division of Surgery, Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30623, Hannover, Germany
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Li C, Hu WL, Lu MX, Xiao GF. Resveratrol induces apoptosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cell line (BPH-1) through p38 MAPK-FOXO3a pathway. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:233. [PMID: 31464618 PMCID: PMC6714439 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Resveratrol is reported to inhibit the growth of prostate, which is characteristic of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) condition. However, the mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the effects and probable mechanism of resveratrol on BPH. Methods We used the BPH epithelial cell line BPH-1 to investigate the effect of resveratrol. Cells were treated with various concentrations of resveratrol, and its effects on cells viability, apoptosis, ROS accumulation, and cell cycle were assessed. Western blot was used to examine activation of p38 MAPK and protein levels of FOXO3a, Bcl2, Bcl-XL, and caspase3. Cells were also co-treated with the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 or ROS scavenger N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) to further investigate the mechanism. Results Resveratrol treatment inhibited the growth of BPH-1 and increased apoptosis of cells. In addition, levels of phosphorylated p38 MAPK level was elevated and FOXO3a repression was observed. Concomitantly, ROS was accumulated. All of these resveratrol-mediated effects were suppressed by additional treatment with SB203580 or NAC. Resveratrol was also found to induce cell cycle arrest at S phase. Conclusions Resveratrol can activate p38 MAPK and repress FOXO3a, thereby causing repression of SOD2, catalase, and increase of ROS accumulation, leading to apoptosis in BPH-1 cells.
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Zhou J, Zhong X, Lin J, Hong Z. Qianliening Capsule Promotes Mitochondrial Pathway Mediated the Apoptosis of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Epithelial-1 Cells by Regulating the miRNA-181a. INT J GERONTOL 2018; 12:244-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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12
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Pershing S, Morrison DE, Hernandez-Boussard T. Cataract Surgery Complications and Revisit Rates Among Three States. Am J Ophthalmol 2016; 171:130-138. [PMID: 27615607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2016.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize population-based 30-day procedure-related readmissions (revisits) following cataract surgery. SETTING Ambulatory cataract surgery performed in California, Florida, or New York. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS This study used all-capture state administrative datasets. Cataract procedures from California, Florida, and New York state ambulatory surgery settings were identified using ICD-9-CM and CPT codes. Thirty-day readmissions (revisits) were identified in inpatient, ambulatory, and emergency department settings across each state. RESULTS Across the 3 states, the all-cause 30-day readmission rate was 6.0% and the procedure-related readmission (revisit) rate was 1.0%. Procedure-related revisits were highest for patients aged 20-29 (2.9%) and 30-39 (2.3%) and lowest for patients aged 70-79 (0.9%). Multivariate associations between clinical characteristics and 30-day procedure-related revisits included age 20-29 (odds ratio [OR]: 3.13; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 2.33-4.20) and age 30-39 (OR: 2.35; CI: 1.91-2.89) compared with age 70-79, male sex (OR: 1.29; CI: 1.24-1.34), races black (OR: 1.37; CI: 1.27-1.48) and Hispanic (OR: 1.16; CI: 1.08-1.24) compared with white, and Medicaid insurance (OR: 1.18, CI: 1.07-1.30) compared with Medicare. Diabetes was also associated with increased 30-day procedure-related revisits (OR: 1.093, CI: 1.024-1.168). CONCLUSIONS Cataract surgery is a common and, in aggregate, expensive procedure. Complication-related revisits follow a similar trend as surgical complications in large-scale population data, and may be useful as a preliminary, screening outcome measure. Our results highlight the importance of age as a risk factor for cataract surgery readmissions, and suggest a relationship between black or Hispanic race, Medicaid insurance, and diabetes associated with higher risk for cataract surgery complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzann Pershing
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
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Liu X, Huang G, Chen P, Li Y, Xiang J, Chen T, Wang R. Comparative effects of Yi Jin Jing versus Tai Chi exercise training on benign prostatic hyperplasia-related outcomes in older adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2016; 17:319. [PMID: 27422168 PMCID: PMC4947249 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and its associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) occur very commonly in older men. BPH and LUTS cause substantial physical and psychological impairment that could seriously affect the quality of late life and greatly cost the health-care systems. Current surgical and pharmacological therapies are expensive, may not effectively improve prostate function and health but cause adverse effects. There is an urgent need to find new and effective non-pharmacological preventions and treatments. Yi Jin Jing and Tai Chi are two common traditional Chinese mind-body exercises with different movements and techniques, but both emphasize regulating functional homeostasis and keeping whole body harmony. Yi Jin Jing and Tai Chi have not been studied much for potentially use in the treatment of BPH-related problems. The primary purpose of this protocol is to assess the effectiveness of Yi Jin Jing versus Tai Chi on the monographic and functional changes of prostate in older men. METHODS/DESIGN A prospective single-center randomized controlled trial will be conducted. A total of 150 old men (60-70 years old) will be recruited from the urban tertiary of Shanghai, China. Of these, 50 eligible participants will be randomly assigned to a control group and two intervention groups with either Yi Jin Jing or Tai Chi exercise training. They will undergo 30 minutes for each exercise for five times a week for 6 months. The primary outcomes are changes of signs and symptoms in BPH and lower urinary tract from baseline to post-intervention. The main secondary outcomes are exercise-induced effects on the circulating levels of estrogen and androgen. All the outcome measures will be assessed at baseline, immediately after the 6-month intervention, and at the 3-month post-intervention follow-up. DISCUSSION This proposed study will be the first comparative randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Yi Jin Jing versus Tai Chi exercise on prostate health among older adults. The results will provide an evidence-based recommendation for Chinese older men on the use of Yi Jin Jing and Tai Chi training to promote prostatic function and health. Potential mechanisms for the regulatory effect of the two exercises elucidated by multiple outcomes are also explored. A clarification of the effects and mechanisms may provide information for the development of new strategies in the prevention and treatment of BPH-related conditions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: ChiCTR-IOR-16007698 . This trial was registered on 4 January 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiangYun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education at the Shanghai University of Sport, 188 Hengren Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Guoyuan Huang
- Pott College of Science, Engineering & Education, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, USA
| | - Peijie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education at the Shanghai University of Sport, 188 Hengren Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yong Li
- FuDan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - JiuLin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education at the Shanghai University of Sport, 188 Hengren Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education at the Shanghai University of Sport, 188 Hengren Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education at the Shanghai University of Sport, 188 Hengren Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Liu L, Wan Y, Shen A, Zhao J, Lin J, Zhong X, Zhang Y, Hong Z. miRNA Regulation Network Analysis in Qianliening Capsule Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:365484. [PMID: 26294924 PMCID: PMC4534592 DOI: 10.1155/2015/365484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the molecular mechanism by which Qianliening capsule (QC) treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods. Benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cell line BPH-1 was treated with 0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/mL QC for 48 h, respectively. Evaluation of cell viability and observation of morphologic changes of BPH-1 cell gene expression and miRNA expression profiles were analyzed. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to confirm changes in miRNA and gene expression. GO and KEGG pathway-based approaches were used to investigate biological functions and signaling pathways affected by differentially expressed mRNAs. Results. QC inhibited BPH-1 cell proliferation. Differential expression of 19 upregulated and 2 downregulated miRNAs was observed in QC-treated BPH-1 cells compared to untreated control cells. 107 upregulated and 71 downregulated genes were identified between the two groups. Significantly enriched signaling pathways based on deregulated mRNAs were mainly involved in regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and so on. Additionally, miRNA-mRNA network analysis integrated these miRNAs and genes by outlining interactions of miRNA and related genes. Conclusion. The study was the first report of differentially expressed miRNA and mRNA in QC-treated BPH-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yun Wan
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jinyan Zhao
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jiumao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhong
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Zhenfeng Hong
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
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Lin J, Zhou J, Zhong X, Hong Z, Peng J. Inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway by Qianliening capsules suppresses the growth and induces the apoptosis of human prostate cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:2207-2214. [PMID: 25394909 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway is one of the main growth factor‑mediated signal transduction pathways and is closely associated with the occurrence and development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Qianliening capsules (QC) have significant therapeutic effects on BPH; however, the precise mechanism underlying its anti‑BPH activity remains to be elucidated. To further elucidate the molecular mechanism of the therapeutic effect of QC on BPH, the present study used epidermal growth factor (EGF), which has a role in the pathogenesis of BPH, to stimulate the growth of human prostate WPMY‑1 cells and activate the STAT3 pathway in the WPMY‑1 cells. The cell viability was determined using an MTT assay and the cell morphology was observed by phase‑contrast microscopy. Fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis with Annexin‑V/propidium iodide (PI) staining and PI staining were performed to examine cell apoptosis and the cell cycle. The activation of caspase‑9 and ‑3 were evaluated by colorimetric assay. STAT3 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity were detected by western blot analysis and the luciferase gene reporter, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of B‑cell lymhoma 2 (Bcl‑2), Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax), cyclin D1, cyclin‑dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and p21 were measured by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. In the present study, QC was found to significantly and dose‑dependently inhibit the EGF‑stimulated growth of WPMY‑1 cells, as evidenced by QC‑induced cell -morphological changes and a reduction in cell viability. In addition, QC treatment markedly induced the activation of caspase‑9 and ‑3. QC treatment also inhibited the EGF‑mediated increase of STAT3 phosphorylation levels and transcriptional activity in WPMY‑19 cells, accompanied by downregulation of the expression of Bcl‑2, cyclin D1 and CDK4 and upregulation of the expression of Bax and p21. These results suggested that QC effectively inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of human prostate cells via modulation of the STAT3 signaling pathway and its target genes, which is likely to be one of the mechanisms underlying its activity in BPH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiumao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jianheng Zhou
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhong
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Hong
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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Influence of Panax ginseng on Alpha-Adrenergic Receptor of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Int Neurourol J 2014; 18:179-86. [PMID: 25558416 PMCID: PMC4280437 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2014.18.4.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common prostate problem in older men. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (P. ginseng) on a rat model of testosterone-induced BPH. Methods The rats were divided into 3 groups (each group, n=10): control, testosterone-induced BPH (20 mg/kg, subcutaneous injection), and P. ginseng (200 mg/kg, orally) groups. After 4 weeks, all animals were sacrificed to examine the blood biochemical profiles, prostate volume, weight, histopathological changes, alpha-1D adrenergic receptor (Adra1d) mRNA expression, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) protein expression. Results The group treated with P. ginseng showed significantly lesser prostate size and weight than the testosterone-induced BPH group. In addition, P. ginseng decreased the mRNA expression of Adra1d as well as the expression of EGFR and BCL2 in prostate tissue. Conclusions These results suggest that P. ginseng may inhibit the alpha-1-adrenergic receptor to suppress the development of BPH.
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Huang YP, Wen YH, Wu GH, Hong ZF, Xu SW, Peng AX. Clinical study on Kangquan Recipe (康泉方) for benign prostatic hyperplasia patients: A randomized controlled trial. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 20:949-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-2021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Spatially restricted Hedgehog signalling regulates HGF-induced branching of the adult prostate. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:1135-45. [PMID: 25362352 PMCID: PMC4327780 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Branching morphogenesis is thought to be governed by epithelial-stromal interactions, but the mechanisms underlying specification of branch location remain largely unknown. Prompted by the striking absence of Hedgehog (Hh) response at the sites of nascent buds in regenerating tubules of the adult prostate, we investigated the role of Hh signaling in adult prostate branching morphogenesis. We find that pathway activity is localized to stromal cells, and that its attenuation by genetic or pharmacologic manipulation leads to increased branching. Decreased pathway activity correlates with increased stromal production of Hepatocyte growth factor (Hgf), and we show that Hgf induces epithelial tubule branching. Regulation of Hgf expression by Hh signaling is indirect, mediated by Hh-induced expression of microRNAs miR-26a and miR-26b, which in turn down-regulate expression of Hgf. Prostate tubule branching thus may be initiated from regions of low Hh pathway activity, with implications for the prostatic hyperplasia commonly observed in late adulthood.
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Jindal T, Sinha RK, Mukherjee S, Mandal SN, Karmakar D. Misinterpretation of the international prostate symptom score questionnaire by Indian patients. Indian J Urol 2014; 30:252-5. [PMID: 25097307 PMCID: PMC4120208 DOI: 10.4103/0970-1591.134246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The international prostate symptom score (IPSS) is commonly used in the evaluation of the severity of symptoms of patients with prostatic enlargement. It is a self-administered questionnaire. It has not been validated in any Indian language and an English version is used which can be difficult to interpret by our patients who do not have English as their primary language. In this study, we evaluate the patient's ability to understand the IPSS by comparing the scores when the IPSS questionnaire was self-administered versus when it was administered using the assistance of a clinician. Materials and Methods: Patients who presented with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia, who had passed at least twelfth grade of school and had a reasonable command over English were included in the study. They were allowed to self-administer the IPSS questionnaire following which a clinician, blinded to these scores, assisted the patient in filling the questionnaire. For each question, the score in both the questionnaires was noted and kappa agreement statistical test was used to assess the agreement between the two scores. Results: A total of 87 patients were included in the study. It was found that none of the questions had a perfect agreement of scores in the self-administered and the assisted administration. Conclusion: Our results show that our patients misinterpret the IPSS questionnaire. This problem can lead to significant errors in interpretation of the symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Jindal
- Department of Urology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajan Kumar Sinha
- Department of Urology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Urology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumendra Nath Mandal
- Department of Urology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Dilip Karmakar
- Department of Urology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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LIN JIUMAO, ZHOU JIANHENG, XU WEI, HONG ZHENFENG, PENG JUN. Qianliening capsule inhibits benign prostatic hyperplasia angiogenesis via the HIF-1α signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:118-124. [PMID: 24944609 PMCID: PMC4061199 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role in the progression and development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and has become a promising target for BPH treatment. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathway promotes the process of angiogenesis, contributing to the growth and progression of a number of hyperplasia diseases, including BPH. Qianliening capsule (QC) is a traditional Chinese formula that has been used clinically in China to treat BPH for a number of years. Recently, QC was demonstrated to inhibit prostatic cell growth and induce apoptosis in vivo and in vitro via regulating the epidermal growth factor/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway and mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis pathway. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-BPH effect remain largely unknown. To further elucidate the mechanism of QC activity in BPH treatment, a rat BPH model established by injecting testosterone following castration was established and the effect of QC on prostatic tissue angiogenesis was evaluated, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. QC was shown to reduce the prostatic index in BPH rats, but without affecting the body weight, demonstrating that QC is effective in the treatment of BPH and without apparent toxicity. In addition, QC treatment significantly reduced the intraprostatic microvessel density, indicating antiangiogenesis activity in vivo. In addition, treatment with QC inhibited the expression of HIF-1α in BPH rats, as well as the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Therefore, for the first time, the present study hypothesized that QC inhibits angiogenesis in prostatic tissue of BPH rats via the inhibition of the HIF-1α signaling pathway, which may be one of the mechanisms in which QC treats BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- JIUMAO LIN
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - JIANHENG ZHOU
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - WEI XU
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - ZHENFENG HONG
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - JUN PENG
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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LIN JIUMAO, ZHOU JIANHENG, XU WEI, ZHONG XIAOYONG, HONG ZHENFENG, PENG JUN. Qianliening capsule treats benign prostatic hyperplasia via suppression of the EGF/STAT3 signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5:1293-1300. [PMID: 23737867 PMCID: PMC3671788 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a pathological overgrowth of the human prostate. It may cause increased resistance to urine flow through the urethra and occasionally kidney damage, bladder stones and urinary tract infections, and therefore affect the quality of life. Qianliening capsule (QC) is a traditional Chinese formula that has been used clinically in China to treat BPH for a number of years. However, the mechanism of its anti-BPH effect remains largely unknown. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of QC in a rat model of BPH, established by the injection of testosterone following castration, and investigated the underlying molecular mechanism of action. We observed that QC treatment significantly and dose-dependently decreased the prostatic volume (PV) and prostatic index (PI; P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ameliorated the histological damage of the prostate tissue in the BPH rats. In addition, treatment with QC inhibited the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), as well as the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclin D1 and Bcl-2. Our results suggest that suppression of the EGF/STAT3 pathway may be one of the mechanisms by which QC treats BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- JIUMAO LIN
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122,
P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122,
P.R. China
| | - JIANHENG ZHOU
- Departments of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122,
P.R. China
| | - WEI XU
- Pharmacology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122,
P.R. China
| | - XIAOYONG ZHONG
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122,
P.R. China
| | - ZHENFENG HONG
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122,
P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122,
P.R. China
| | - JUN PENG
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122,
P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122,
P.R. China
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de Zeeuw S, Hop W, Huang Foen Chung J, van Mastrigt R. Longitudinal changes in isovolumetric bladder pressure in response to age-related prostate growth in 1,020 healthy male volunteers. Neurourol Urodyn 2013; 33:78-84. [PMID: 23423651 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To non-invasively study if compensation and decompensation occurs in the urinary bladder of healthy male volunteers in response to benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) using the condom catheter method. METHODS Between 2001 and 2010, 1,020 healthy male volunteers were included in a longitudinal study based on three non-invasive urodynamic examinations during a 5-year follow-up. Inclusion criteria were an informed consent, the ability to void in a normal standing position and a minimum free flow rate of 5.4 ml/sec. Study parameters were prostate volume (PV), maximum free urinary flow rate (Q(max)) and bladder contractility, quantified by the maximum isovolumetric bladder pressure, measured in the condom (P(cond.max)). Volunteers also completed the International Prostate Symptom Score Form (IPSS). RESULTS Within limitations, the included volunteers had a flat age distribution between 38 and 72 years. This made it possible to combine longitudinal analysis in a 5-year observation interval, with cross sectional analysis in a 35-year age range. Longitudinal analysis showed that with increasing age, PV increased with 1.9% per year, whereas Qmax decreased with 1.1% per year. IPSS increased with 1.1% per year when volunteers were older than 55 years. P(cond.max) increased during the 5-year longitudinal follow-up, but not in the cross sectional analysis. CONCLUSIONS The difference between cross sectional and longitudinal results of the P(cond.max) may have been caused by compensation of the urinary bladder resulting in a selection effect. This would imply that compensation is a relatively fast process, taking approximately 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra de Zeeuw
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Hong ZF, Lin JM, Zhong XY, Li Y, Zhou JH, Xu W, Peng J. Qianliening capsule () inhibits human prostate cell growth via induction of mitochondrion-dependent cell apoptosis. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 18:824-830. [PMID: 23086486 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-012-1264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Qianliening Capsule (, QC) treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS Human prostate stromal cell line WPMY-1 was treated with 0, 1, 3 and 5 mg/mL of QC for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively, in the presence of 10 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The viability of WPMY-1 cells was determined by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell morphology was observed by phase-contrast microscopy. 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis with Annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) staining were performed to determine cell apoptosis. The loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was examined by FACS analysis with 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl-carbocyarine iodide (JC-1) staining. Activation of caspase-3 and -9 was evaluated by colorimetric assay. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Upon bFGF stimulation, the viability of WPMY-1 cells was increased to 122%-118% compared with the control cells (P <0.05). However, treatment with 1-5 mg/mL of QC for 24, 48 and 72 h decreased the viability of bFGF-stimulated cells to 80%-92%, 59%-82%, 36%-62% compared with the untreated cells (P <0.05). In addition, QC treatment reduced WPMY-1 cell density in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, QC treatment dose-dependently induced the loss of plasma membrane asymmetry, the nuclear condensation and fragmentation, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and increase of pro-apoptotic Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. CONCLUSION Promoting mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis of prostate stromal cells might be one of the mechanisms by which QC treats BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Feng Hong
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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Levin RM, Schuler C, Leggett RE, Callaghan C, Maknuru S. Partial outlet obstruction in rabbits: duration versus severity. Int J Urol 2012; 20:107-14. [PMID: 23050656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2012.03184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress is a major etiology of obstructed bladder dysfunction. The major goal of the current study was to correlate the level of oxidative stress with both the severity and duration of obstruction. METHODS A total of 32 New Zealand White rabbits were divided into four equal groups. Groups 1-3 received partial bladder outlet obstructions by standard methods and survived for 4, 8 or 12 weeks. Group 4 received sham surgery at the end of each time period, isolated strips were taken for contractility studies and the balance of the bladder was frozen as muscle and mucosa for quantification of nitrotyrosine and carbonyl-oxidized proteins derivatized into dinitrophenyl. For each duration, the eight rabbits were divided into three severity groups: mild, intermediate or severe decompensation. RESULTS Contractile responses decreased in proportion to both severity and duration. The level of both oxidative products correlated to a much higher degree with the level of severity than the duration. There were significant decreases in the contractile responses in the mild decompensation group, whereas the level of derivatized into dinitrophenyl and nitrotyrosine of the muscle remained at control levels. This was not the case for the 4 weeks obstructed group. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the etiology for the mechanism of contractile dysfunction is not an oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Levin
- Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York 12208, USA.
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Peng B, Yao MH, Wu R, Xie J, Xu HX. The clinical value of sonourethrography after bipolar transurethral plasmakinetic prostatectomy. MINIM INVASIV THER 2012; 22:122-6. [PMID: 22924472 DOI: 10.3109/13645706.2012.713365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,
Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Hua Yao
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,
Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,
Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Xie
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,
Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Xiong Xu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,
Shanghai, China
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Rosenfeld HE, Byard RW. Is There a Relationship Between Bladder Outlet Obstruction due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Pulmonary Thromboembolism? J Forensic Sci 2012; 57:663-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.02042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Goodarzi D, Cyrus A, Khoddami Vishteh HR, Solhi H, Shirinkar M. Effect of celecoxib on benign prostatic hyperplasia: Results of a preliminary study. UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urols.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Randomized crossover comparison of tamsulosin and alfuzosin in patients with urinary disturbances caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int Urol Nephrol 2011; 43:949-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-011-9949-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Urinary incontinence (UI) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are 2 common urogenital problems in men. UI is associated with involuntary leakage of urine and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) of urgency, frequency, and nocturia. Types of UI include functional, urge, stress, and overflow. Treatment for UI is based on the type of incontinence, patient-specific factors, and treatment preferences of both patients and health care providers. Options for the management of UI include environmental modifications, disposable incontinence products, pelvic floor exercises, pharmacotherapy, surgically implanted devices, and intermittent catheterization. BPH may be also associated with LUTS. Patient symptoms, assessed with a measurement tool such as the American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUASI), serve as the basis for determining treatment. Management approaches for BPH include pharmacotherapy, surgery, and minimally invasive procedures. Anticholinergic drugs as well as α-receptor antagonists and 5-α reductase inhibitors, either alone or in combination, are effective and useful for LUTS unresponsive to traditional pharmacotherapy. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) can eliminate symptoms of BPH but is associated with relatively more complications than other available surgical and minimally invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan W. Miller
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Mercer University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
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El-Hajjaji FZ, Oumeddour A, Pommier AJC, Ouvrier A, Viennois E, Dufour J, Caira F, Drevet JR, Volle DH, Baron S, Saez F, Lobaccaro JMA. Liver X receptors, lipids and their reproductive secrets in the male. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1812:974-81. [PMID: 21334438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Liver X receptor (LXR) α and LXRβ belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily. For many years, they have been called orphan receptors, as no natural ligand was identified. In the last decade, the LXR natural ligands have been shown to be oxysterols, molecules derived from cholesterol. While these nuclear receptors have been abundantly studied for their roles in the regulation of lipid metabolism, it appears that they also present crucial activities in reproductive organs such as testis and epididymis, as well as prostate. Phenotypic analyses of mice lacking LXRs (lxr-/-) pointed out their physiological activities in the various cells and organs regulating reproductive functions. This review summarizes the impact of LXR-deficiency in male reproduction, highlighting the novel information coming from the phenotypic analyses of lxrα-/-, lxrβ-/- and lxrα;β-/- mice. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translating nuclear receptor from health to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatim-Zorah El-Hajjaji
- CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 6247 Génétique, Reproduction et Développement, F-63171 Aubière, France
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Abstract
Historically, urologists were the primary surgeons in renal transplantation. Specialization and increased complexity of the field of transplantation, coupled with a de-emphasis of vascular surgical training in urology, has created a situation where many renal transplants are carried out by surgeons with a general surgery background. Because of its genitourinary nature, however, urological input in renal transplantation is still vital. For living donors, a urologist should be involved to help evaluate and prepare certain patients for eventual donation. This could involve both medical and surgical intervention. Additionally, urologists who carry out living donor nephrectomy maintain a sense of ownership in the renal transplant process and provide a unique opportunity to the trainees of that particular program. For renal transplant recipients, preoperative evaluation of voiding dysfunction and other genitourinary anomalies might be necessary before the transplant. Also, occasional surgical intervention to prepare a patient for renal transplant might be necessary, such as in a patient with a small renal mass that is detected by a screening pretransplant ultrasound. Intraoperatively, for patients with complex urological reconstructions that might be related to the etiology of the renal failure (urinary diversion, bladder augmentation), a urologist who is familiar with the anatomy should be available. Postoperatively, urological evaluation and intervention might be necessary for patients who had a pre-existing urological condition or who might have developed something de novo after the transplant. Although renal transplant programs could consult an on-call urologist for particular issues on an as-needed basis, having a urologist, who has repeated exposure to the particular issues and procedures that are involved with renal transplantation, and who is part of a dedicated multidisciplinary renal transplant team, provides optimal quality of care to these complex patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Sackett
- Department of Urology, Division of Nephrology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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Ejike CE, Ezeanyika LU. Inhibition of the Experimental Induction of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Possible Role for Fluted Pumpkin ( Telfairia occidentalis Hook f.) Seeds. Urol Int 2011; 87:218-24. [DOI: 10.1159/000327018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Ejike CECC, Ezeanyika LUS. Management of experimental benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats using a food-based therapy containing Telfairia occidentalis seeds. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2011; 8:398-404. [PMID: 22654217 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v8i4.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The usefulness of diet containing Telfairia occidentalis seeds, in managing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in rats was studied. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups. BPH was induced by sub-cutaneous injection of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol valerate (ratio, 10:1) every other day for 28 days. Rats in the test group were placed on the test diet for 7 days following disease induction. One control group (DC) was fed on a normal diet for 7 days following disease induction. Two other control groups, HC and HDC, were given sub-cutaneous olive oil (vehicle) for the same duration, and placed on the test diet and normal diet, respectively. Markers of BPH, and hormone profile were determined using standard methods. The results show that relative prostate weight and protein content of the prostates were lower [albeit not significantly (p>0.05)] in the test group, relative to the DC group. Serum prostatic acid phosphatase concentrations (U/L) decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 2.9 ± 0.2 in the DC group to 2.1 ± 0.7 in the test group. Histological findings corroborate these data. The testosterone: estradiol ratio (× 10(3)) was increased from 4.0 ± 0.2 in the DC group to 4.6 ± 0.2 in the test group. The test diet reduced the mass and secretory activity of the enlarged prostate and may act by increasing the testosterone: estradiol ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwunonso E C C Ejike
- Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Nigeria.
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