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Konečná K, Diepoltová A, Holmanová P, Jand’ourek O, Vejsová M, Voxová B, Bárta P, Maixnerová J, Trejtnar F, Kučerová-Chlupáčová M. Comprehensive insight into anti-staphylococcal and anti-enterococcal action of brominated and chlorinated pyrazine-based chalcones. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:912467. [PMID: 36060765 PMCID: PMC9428509 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.912467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The greatest threat and medicinal impact within gram-positive pathogens are posed by two bacterial genera, Staphylococcus and Enterococcus. Chalcones have a wide range of biological activities and are recognized as effective templates in medicinal chemistry. This study provides comprehensive insight into the anti-staphylococcal and anti-enterococcal activities of two recently published brominated and chlorinated pyrazine-based chalcones, CH-0y and CH-0w. Their effects against 4 reference and 12 staphylococcal and enterococcal clinical isolates were evaluated. Bactericidal action, the activity in combination with selected conventional antibiotics, the study of post-antimicrobial effect (PAE, PAE/SME), and in vitro and in vivo toxicity, were included. In CH-0y, anti-staphylococcal activity ranging from MIC = 15.625 to 62.5 μM, and activity against E. faecium from 31.25 to 62.5 μM was determined. In CH-0w, anti-staphylococcal activity ranging from 31.25 to 125 μM, and activity against E. faecium and E. faecalis (62.5 μM) was revealed. Both CH-0y and CH-0w showed bactericidal action, beneficial impact on bacterial growth delay within PAE and PAE/SME studies, and non/low toxicity in vivo. Compared to CH-0w, CH-0y seems to have higher anti-staphylococcal and less toxic potential. In conclusion, chalcones CH-0y and CH-0w could be considered as structural pattern for future adjuvants to selected antibiotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Konečná
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Klára Konečná,
| | - Adéla Diepoltová
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Pavlína Holmanová
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Jand’ourek
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Marcela Vejsová
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Barbora Voxová
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Pavel Bárta
- Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Jana Maixnerová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - František Trejtnar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Marta Kučerová-Chlupáčová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
- Marta Kučerová-Chlupáčová,
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Bozic DD, Milenkovic M, Ivkovic B, Cirkovic I. Newly-synthesized chalcones-inhibition of adherence and biofilm formation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:263-70. [PMID: 24948943 PMCID: PMC4059309 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation and adherence of bacteria to host tissue are one of the most important virulence factors of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The number of resistant strains is seriously increasing during the past years and bacteria have become resistant, not only to methicillin, but also to other commonly used antistaphylococcal antibiotics. There is a great need for discovering a novel antimicrobial agent for the treatment of staphylococcal infections. One of the most promising groups of compounds appears to be chalcones. In present study we evaluated the in vitro effect of three newly synthesized chalcones: 1,3- Bis-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-propenone, 3-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-propenone and 3-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-propenone on glycocalyx production, biofilm formation and adherence to human fibronectin of clinical isolates and laboratory control strain of MRSA (ATCC 43300). Subinhibitory concentrations of the tested compounds reduced the production of glycocalyx, biofilm formation and adherence to human fibronectin of all MRSA strains. Inhibition of biofilm formation was dose dependent and the most effective was 1,3- Bis-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-propenone. In our study we demonstrated that three newly-synthesized chalcones exhibited significant effect on adherence and biofilm formation of MRSA strains. Chalcones may be considered as promising new antimicrobial agents that can be used for prevention of staphylococcal infections or as adjunct to antibiotics in conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana D Bozic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy Belgrade Serbia
| | - Marina Milenkovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy Belgrade Serbia
| | - Branka Ivkovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy Belgrade Serbia
| | - Ivana Cirkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
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Deiss F, Matochko WL, Govindasamy N, Lin EY, Derda R. Flow‐Through Synthesis on Teflon‐Patterned Paper To Produce Peptide Arrays for Cell‐Based Assays. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Deiss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 (Canada)
| | - Wadim L. Matochko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 (Canada)
| | - Natasha Govindasamy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 (Canada)
| | - Edith Y. Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 (Canada)
| | - Ratmir Derda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 (Canada)
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4
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Flow‐Through Synthesis on Teflon‐Patterned Paper To Produce Peptide Arrays for Cell‐Based Assays. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6374-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Praneenararat T, Palmer AG, Blackwell HE. Chemical methods to interrogate bacterial quorum sensing pathways. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:8189-99. [PMID: 22948815 PMCID: PMC3480174 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26353j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria frequently manifest distinct phenotypes as a function of cell density in a phenomenon known as quorum sensing (QS). This intercellular signalling process is mediated by "chemical languages" comprised of low-molecular weight signals, known as autoinducers, and their cognate receptor proteins. As many of the phenotypes regulated by QS can have a significant impact on the success of pathogenic or mutualistic prokaryotic-eukaryotic interactions, there is considerable interest in methods to probe and modulate QS pathways with temporal and spatial control. Such methods would be valuable for both basic research in bacterial ecology and in practical medicinal, agricultural, and industrial applications. Toward this goal, considerable recent research has been focused on the development of chemical approaches to study bacterial QS pathways. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of the use of chemical probes and techniques in QS research. Specifically, we focus on: (1) combinatorial approaches for the discovery of small molecule QS modulators, (2) affinity chromatography for the isolation of QS receptors, (3) reactive and fluorescent probes for QS receptors, (4) antibodies as quorum "quenchers," (5) abiotic polymeric "sinks" and "pools" for QS signals, and (6) the electrochemical sensing of QS signals. The application of such chemical methods can offer unique advantages for both elucidating and manipulating QS pathways in culture and under native conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helen E. Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, USA. Fax: +1 (608) 265-4534; Tel: +1 (608) 262-1503
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Stringer JR, Bowman MD, Weisblum B, Blackwell HE. Improved small-molecule macroarray platform for the rapid synthesis and discovery of antibacterial chalcones. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2011; 13:175-80. [PMID: 21210707 DOI: 10.1021/co100053p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to current antibiotics is a major global health threat. Consequently, there is an urgent need for the identification of new antibacterial agents. We are applying the small-molecule macroarray platform to rapidly synthesize and screen compounds for activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Herein, we report the synthesis of a 1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one (chalcone) macroarray using a Rink-amide linker-derivatized cellulose support. The Rink linker allowed for the incorporation of a broader array of library building blocks relative to our previous syntheses because milder reaction conditions could be utilized; significantly higher compound loadings were also achieved (~80% vs ~15%). Analysis of the 174-member chalcone macroarray in off-support antibacterial screening assays revealed three chalcones with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against MRSA comparable to currently used antibacterial drugs and low hemolytic activities. These results serve to further showcase and extend the utility of the small molecule macroarray for antibacterial discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Stringer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322, United States
| | - Matthew D. Bowman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322, United States
| | - Bernard Weisblum
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1510, United States
| | - Helen E. Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322, United States
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Frei R, Blackwell HE. Small molecule macroarray construction via palladium-mediated carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions: highly efficient synthesis and screening of stilbene arrays. Chemistry 2010; 16:2692-5. [PMID: 20135652 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reto Frei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706-1322, USA
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Campbell J, Blackwell HE. Efficient construction of diketopiperazine macroarrays through a cyclative-cleavage strategy and their evaluation as luminescence inhibitors in the bacterial symbiont Vibrio fischeri. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 11:1094-9. [PMID: 19831384 DOI: 10.1021/cc900115x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diketopiperazines (DKPs) are a well-known class of heterocycles that have emerged as promising biologically active scaffolds. Solid-phase organic synthesis has become an important tool in the combinatorial exploration of these privileged structures, expediting the synthesis and, often, the discovery of active compounds. We recently identified several DKPs that are capable of inhibiting the luminescence response of the bacterial symbiont Vibrio fischeri, and we sought to further test the scope of this biological activity. Herein, we report the synthesis of DKP macroarrays using a SPOT-synthesis approach based on an Ugi/DeBoc/Cyclize strategy. Neither a spacer nor a linker was required for macroarray construction on cellulose support, and the cyclative cleavage produced high purity DKPs in good yields. Using this protocol, we prepared a library of 400 DKPs on cellulose support and evaluated its members as luminescence inhibitors in V. fischeri. We found six DKPs capable of inhibiting luminescence by at least 80% at 500 muM. Collectively, this work serves to further highlight the utility of the small molecule macroarray platform for the synthesis and evaluation of focused libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322, USA
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Praneenararat T, Geske GD, Blackwell HE. Efficient synthesis and evaluation of quorum-sensing modulators using small molecule macroarrays. Org Lett 2009; 11:4600-3. [PMID: 19743816 DOI: 10.1021/ol901871y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of small molecule macroarrays of N-acylated L-homoserine lactones (AHLs) is reported. A focused library of AHLs was constructed, and the macroarray platform was found to be compatible with both solution and agar-overlay assays using quorum-sensing (QS) reporter strains. Several QS antagonists were discovered and serve to showcase the macroarray as a straightforward technique for QS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanit Praneenararat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322, USA
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Abstract
Fundamental investigations of human biology, and the development of therapeutics, commonly rely on 2D cell-culture systems that do not accurately recapitulate the structure, function, or physiology of living tissues. Systems for 3D cultures exist but do not replicate the spatial distributions of oxygen, metabolites, and signaling molecules found in tissues. Microfabrication can create architecturally complex scaffolds for 3D cell cultures that circumvent some of these limitations; unfortunately, these approaches require instrumentation not commonly available in biology laboratories. Here we report that stacking and destacking layers of paper impregnated with suspensions of cells in extracellular matrix hydrogel makes it possible to control oxygen and nutrient gradients in 3D and to analyze molecular and genetic responses. Stacking assembles the "tissue", whereas destacking disassembles it, and allows its analysis. Breast cancer cells cultured within stacks of layered paper recapitulate behaviors observed both in 3D tumor spheroids in vitro and in tumors in vivo: Proliferating cells in the stacks localize in an outer layer a few hundreds of microns thick, and growth-arrested, apoptotic, and necrotic cells concentrate in the hypoxic core where hypoxia-sensitive genes are overexpressed. Altering gas permeability at the ends of stacks controlled the gradient in the concentration of the O(2) and was sufficient by itself to determine the distribution of viable cells in 3D. Cell cultures in stacked, paper-supported gels offer a uniquely flexible approach to study cell responses to 3D molecular gradients and to mimic tissue- and organ-level functions.
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Volkmer R. Synthesis and application of peptide arrays: quo vadis SPOT technology. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1431-42. [PMID: 19437530 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Volkmer
- Institut für Medizinische Immunologie, AG Molekulare Bibliotheken, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Brownlee C. Helen Blackwell: deciphering the chemical language of quorum sensing. ACS Chem Biol 2008; 3:667-71. [PMID: 19032088 DOI: 10.1021/cb800274h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Thomas G, Spandl R, Glansdorp F, Welch M, Bender A, Cockfield J, Lindsay J, Bryant C, Brown D, Loiseleur O, Rudyk H, Ladlow M, Spring D. Anti-MRSA Agent Discovery Using Diversity-Oriented Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200705415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Thomas GL, Spandl RJ, Glansdorp FG, Welch M, Bender A, Cockfield J, Lindsay JA, Bryant C, Brown DFJ, Loiseleur O, Rudyk H, Ladlow M, Spring DR. Anti-MRSA agent discovery using diversity-oriented synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:2808-12. [PMID: 18307176 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200705415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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O'Neill J, Blackwell HE. Solid-phase and microwave-assisted syntheses of 2,5-diketopiperazines: small molecules with great potential. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2007; 10:857-76. [PMID: 18288948 PMCID: PMC2585775 DOI: 10.2174/138620707783220365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diketopiperazines (DKPs) are a well-known class of heterocycles that have recently emerged as a promising biologically active scaffold. Solid-phase organic synthesis has become an important tool in the combinatorial exploration of these privileged structures, expediting the synthesis and, therefore, the discovery of active compounds. To date, certain DKPs have shown potent activities against a range of diseases and biological phenomena, including bacterial infections, various cancers, asthma, infertility, premature labor, and HIV. Recent applications of solid-phase DKP synthesis, with a particular focus on cyclative cleavage and microwave-assisted reactions, are highlighted herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.C. O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - H. E. Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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16
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Auld D, Simeonov A, Thomas C. Literature Search and Review. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2007.9993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Doug Auld
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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