Herath KHINM, Bing SJ, Cho J, Kim A, Kim GO, Lee JC, Jee Y. Citrus hallabong [(Citrus unshiu × C. sinensis) × C. reticulata)] exerts potent anti-inflammatory properties in murine splenocytes and TPA-induced murine ear oedema model.
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016;
54:2939-2950. [PMID:
27333995 DOI:
10.1080/13880209.2016.1194865]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT
Hallabong [(Citrus unshiu × C. sinensis) X C. reticulata)] (Rutaceae) is a hybrid citrus cultivated in temperate regions of South Korea. Its fruit is well-known for pharmacological properties.
OBJECTIVE
This study examined the anti-inflammatory effect of 80% ethanol extract of Hallabong (HE) on concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated splenocytes and mouse oedema model induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbal acetate (TPA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Murine splenocytes treated with HE were stimulated with Con A (10 μg/mL, for 24 h) were evaluated for T-cell population and production of inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ. Anti-inflammatory effect of topically applied HE (100 μg/20 μL) on TPA (4 μg/20 μL/ear)-induced ear oedema was investigated in mouse model.
RESULTS
HE-treated Con A-stimulated murine splenocytes showed a marked decrease in CD44/CD62L+ memory T-cell population, an important marker for anti-inflammatory activity, and a significant inhibition in the production of IL-2 and IFN-γ. HE treatment had reduced the mouse skin oedema (47%) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity significantly (40%) in TPA-challenged tissues. More importantly, immunohistochemical localization revealed the suppressed (p < 0.05) expression of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2). HE decreased the infiltration of CD3+ T cells and F4/80+ macrophages to the site of inflammation and a topical application of HE significantly suppressed the expression of TNF-α (20.2%).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
A topical application of HE can exert a potential anti-inflammatory effect and HE can be explored further as a putative alternative therapeutic agent for inflammatory oedema.
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