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Cheng Y, Bu X, Li J, Ji Z, Wang C, Xiao X, Li F, Wu ZH, Wu G, Jia P, Li JT. Application of biochar and compost improved soil properties and enhanced plant growth in a Pb-Zn mine tailings soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:32337-32347. [PMID: 36460887 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24488-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of biochar and compost on physiochemical properties, heavy metal content, microbial biomass, enzyme activities, and plant growth in Pb-Zn mine tailings. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of biochar, compost, and their combination on the availability of heavy metals, physicochemical features, and enzyme activities in mining soil. Compared to separate addition, the combined application of biochar and compost was more effective to improve soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), and potassium (AK). All amendments significantly decreased CaCl2-extractable Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd. Soil enzyme activities were activated by biochar and compost. Meanwhile, the addition of biochar and compost decreased heavy metal content in plant tissues and increased plant biomass. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that plant biomass was positively correlated with nutrient levels, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities, whereas it was negatively correlated with CaCl2-extractable heavy metals. These results enhance our understanding of the ecological functions of biochar and compost on the restoration of mining soil and reveal the potential benefit of organic amendments on the improvement of mining soil quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
- Hunan New World Science and Technology Company Limited, Zhuzhou, 412000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Bu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Hunan New World Science and Technology Company Limited, Zhuzhou, 412000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Ji
- Hunan New World Science and Technology Company Limited, Zhuzhou, 412000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenggang Wang
- Hunan New World Science and Technology Company Limited, Zhuzhou, 412000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Hunan New World Science and Technology Company Limited, Zhuzhou, 412000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglin Li
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Hui Wu
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanxiong Wu
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Jia
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin-Tian Li
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
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Ghadimi M, Sirousmehr A, Ansari MH, Ghanbari A. Organic soil amendments using vermicomposts under inoculation of N 2-fixing bacteria for sustainable rice production. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10833. [PMID: 34557340 PMCID: PMC8418801 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic and biological fertilizers are considered as a very important source of plant nutrients. A field experiment was conducted during 2017−2018 in paddy soil to investigate the effect of vermicomposting of cattle manure mixture with Azolla and rice straw on soil microbial activity, nutrient uptake, and grain yield under inoculation of N2-fixing bacteria. Experimental factors consisted of organic amendments at six levels (vermicomposts prepared from manure (VM); manure + rice straw (VRM); manure + Azolla mixture (VAM); manure + rice straw + Azolla mixture (VRAM); raw manure without vermicomposting (M), and a control) and N2-fixing bacteria at three levels (Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilence, and non−inoculation). The results showed that, vermicompost treatments compared to control and raw manure significantly increased the number and biomass−C of soil microorganisms, urease activity, number of tillers hill−1, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) uptake, and grain and protein yield. Inoculation of plants with N2-fixing bacteria, especially Azotobacter increased the efficiency of organic amendments, so that the maximum urease activity, soil microbial activity, P and N uptake, and grain yield (4,667 (2017) and 5,081 (2018) kg/h) were observed in vermicompost treatments containing Azolla (VAM and VRAM) under inoculation with Azotobacter. The results of the study suggested that, using an organic source along with inoculation with appropriate N2-fixing bacteria for vermicompost has a great effect on enzyme activity, soil biology, nutrient uptake and grain yield has a synergistic interaction on agronomic traits under flooded conditions. Therefore, this nutrient method can be used as one of the nutrient management strategies in the sustainable rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghadimi
- Department of Agronomy, University of Zabol, Zabol, Sistan-o-Baluchestan, Iran
| | - Alireza Sirousmehr
- Department of Agronomy, University of Zabol, Zabol, Sistan-o-Baluchestan, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Ghanbari
- Department of Agronomy, University of Zabol, Zabol, Sistan-o-Baluchestan, Iran
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Li X, Xiao J, Ma C, Salam MMA, Shi J, Chen G. The effect of particle size of bamboo biochar on the phytoremediation of Salix psammophila C. to multi-metal polluted soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 23:658-668. [PMID: 33251831 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1849012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochar shows great potential in soil remediation. The benefits of biochar on soil depend onits intrinsic properties and soil characteristics. However, the influence of particle sizes of biochar on soil remediation is not clear. In a pot experiment, we evaluated the effects of bamboo biochar (BBC) particle sizes (P1 < 0.15 mm, 0.15 mm < P2 < 0.25 mm, 0.25 mm < P3 < 0.50 mm) on phytoremediation efficiency of Salix psammophila C. cultivated in multi-metal polluted soil. We added the BBC at 3% (w/w) in tested soil. Next, the BBC was thoroughly mixed with soil and weighting to the pot, and S. psammophila cuttings were planted and grown for six months in the amended soil under model growth condition.Results revealed the addition of different sizes of BBC particles affected soil quality, plant growth, and HMs accumulation in plants. All sizes of BBC treatments improved Cd and Zn accumulation, whereas plants in P2 treatment showed the greatest accumulation, increased by 52.41 and 25.55% compared with the control (1,503 and 19,928 μg·plant-1). Overall, the results indicated BBC enhanced the phytoremediation efficiency of S. psammophila. Plants cultivated in P2 treatment showed the most significant effect on remediating contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Li
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiang Xiao
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuanxin Ma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mir Md Abdus Salam
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jiuxi Shi
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangcai Chen
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Moretti B, Bertora C, Grignani C, Lerda C, Celi L, Sacco D. Conversion from mineral fertilisation to MSW compost use: Nitrogen fertiliser value in continuous maize and test on crop rotation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135308. [PMID: 31841924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The recycling of agricultural wastes, co-products, and by-products is necessary for creating circular economic (closed loop) agro-food chains and more sustainable agro-ecosystems. The substitution of N mineral fertilisers with recycled organic fertiliser promotes a circular economy, makes the agricultural system more environmentally sustainable, and guarantees food security. Results from a continuous maize experiment and four-year rotation cropping systems (maize, winter wheat, maize, and soybean) were used in a three-year study that replaced part or all mineral fertilisers with Municipal Solid Waste Compost (MSWC). In the first experiment, two different fertilisation strategies, MSWC only (M-Com) and mineral fertilisers (M-Min), were compared with zero nutrients (M-Test 0), whereas in the rotation cropping systems, mineral fertilisation (R-Min) was compared with a combination of MSWC and mineral fertilisers (R-Com + Min). Depressed yields resulted in the initial year of compost application, but by the middle term (three years), MSWC fertilisation showed a good N fertiliser value, mainly for yield summer crops and integrated with N mineral fertilisers. Different soil indicators and the N content in crop tissues and soil suggested that the scarce N availability recorded mainly during the first year is responsible for yield reduction. Due to limited supplies of MSWC, soil total N and the stable organic fraction bound tightly to minerals (MOM), did not vary significantly in the three-year experiment. Conversely, the more labile organic fraction (fPOM) increased only in the top soil layers (0-15 cm). Also in the top layer, M-Com increased the amount of organic fraction occluded into soil aggregates (oPOM). Furthermore, replacement of N mineral fertiliser with compost effectively mitigated N2O emissions in wheat and maize. Overall, the fertiliser value of MSWC was maximised when it was used repeatedly and in combination with mineral fertiliser, especially in spring and summer crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Moretti
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, via L. Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - Chiara Bertora
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, via L. Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - Carlo Grignani
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, via L. Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - Cristina Lerda
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, via L. Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - Luisella Celi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, via L. Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - Dario Sacco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, via L. Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
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Tang J, Zhang L, Zhang J, Ren L, Zhou Y, Zheng Y, Luo L, Yang Y, Huang H, Chen A. Physicochemical features, metal availability and enzyme activity in heavy metal-polluted soil remediated by biochar and compost. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 701:134751. [PMID: 31710903 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biochar and compost have been widely used for pollution remediation of heavy metals in soil. However, little research was conducted to explore the efficiency of biochar, compost and their combination to reduce heavy metals availability, and the effects of their additive on soil biological properties are often neglected. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of biochar, compost and their combination on availability of heavy metals, physicochemical features and enzyme activities in soil. Results showed that adding amendments to polluted soil significantly altered soil properties. Compared to the separate addition of biochar or compost, their combined application was more effective to improve soil pH, organic matter (OM), organic carbon (TOC) and available potassium (AK). All amendments significantly decreased the availability of Cd and Zn, but slightly activated As and Cu. In addition, soil enzyme activities were activated by compost and inhibited by biochar, but exhibited highly variable responses to their combinations. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that electrical conductivity (EC) and AK were the most important environmental factors affecting metal availability and soil enzyme activities including dehydrogenase, catalase, β-glucosidase, urease, acid and alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase except for protease and invertase. Availability of As, Cu, Cd and Zn affected dehydrogenase, catalase and urease activities. These results indicated that biochar, compost and their combination have significant effects on physicochemical features, metals availability and enzyme activities in heavy metal-polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Tang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Liheng Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hongli Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Anwei Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Manyapu V, Mandpe A, Kumar S. Synergistic effect of fly ash in in-vessel composting of biomass and kitchen waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 251:114-120. [PMID: 29274517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to utilize coal fly ash for its property to adsorb heavy metals and thus reducing the bioavailability of the metals for plant uptake. Fly ash was incorporated into the in-vessel composting system along with organic waste. The in-vessel composting experiments were conducted in ten plastic vessels of 15 L capacity comprising varying proportions of biomass waste, kitchen waste and fly ash. In this study, maximum degradation of organic matter was observed in Vessel 3 having k value of 0.550 d-1. In vessel 10, 20% fly ash with a combination of 50% biomass waste and 30% kitchen waste along with the addition of 5% jaggery as an additive produced the best outcome with least organic matter (%C) loss and lowest value of rate constant (k).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Manyapu
- Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Fellow, AcSIR, CSIR-NEERI and Amity School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon 122 413, India
| | - Ashootosh Mandpe
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, India.
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Microbial composition and diversity are associated with plant performance: a case study on long-term fertilization effect on wheat growth in an Ultisol. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:4669-4681. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhang X, Dong W, Dai X, Schaeffer S, Yang F, Radosevich M, Xu L, Liu X, Sun X. Responses of absolute and specific soil enzyme activities to long term additions of organic and mineral fertilizer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015. [PMID: 26196069 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-term phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) applications may seriously affect soil microbial activity. A long-term field fertilizer application trial was established on reddish paddy soils in the subtropical region of southern China in 1998. We assessed the effects of swine manure and seven different rates or ratios of NPK fertilizer treatments on (1) the absolute and specific enzyme activities per unit of soil organic carbon (SOC) or microbial biomass carbon (MBC) involved in C, N, and P transformations and (2) their relationships with soil environmental factors and soil microbial community structures. The results showed that manure applications led to increases in the absolute and specific activities of soil β-1,4-glucosidase(βG), β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP). The absolute and specific acid phosphatase (AP) activities decreased as mineral P fertilizer application rates and ratios increased. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that there were negative correlations between absolute and specific AP activities, pH, and total P contents, while there were positive correlations between soil absolute and specific βG, NAG, and LAP enzyme activities, and SOC and total N contents. RDA showed that the contents of actinomycete and Gram-positive bacterium PLFA biomarkers are more closely related to the absolute and specific enzyme activities than the other PLFA biomarkers (P<0.01). Our results suggest that both the absolute and specific enzyme activities could be used as sensitive soil quality indicators that provide useful linkages with the microbial community structures and environmental factors. To maintain microbial activity and to minimize environmental impacts, P should be applied as a combination of inorganic and organic forms, and total P fertilizer application rates to subtropical paddy soils should not exceed 44 kg P ha(-1) year(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Wenyi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoqin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sean Schaeffer
- Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Fengting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mark Radosevich
- Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Lili Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Dissipation and Safety Evaluation of Tebuconazole Residues in Peanut-Field Ecosystem. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-015-0642-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kong CH, Wang ML, Wang P, Ni HW, Meng XR. Reproduction allocation and potential mechanism of individual allelopathic rice plants in the presence of competing barnyardgrass. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2013; 69:142-148. [PMID: 22888051 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of increasing knowledge of allelopathic rice as an efficient component involved in paddy weed management, relatively little is known about its reproduction in response to competing weeds. Reproduction allocation of individual allelopathic rice plants in relation to monoculture and mixed culture with competing barnyardgrass in a paddy field was studied, along with analyses of soil nutrients and microbial communities to understand the potential mechanism. RESULTS At a 1:1 barnyardgrass and rice mixture proportion identified from a replacement series study, biomass, grain yield and major parameters of individual allelopathic rice plants at the mature stage were increased by competing barnyardgrass. There was no difference in allelopathic rice root-zone soil ammonium N and Olsen P between monoculture and mixed culture. However, mixed culture altered soil microbial biomass C and communities. When mixed with barnyardgrass, allelopathic rice root zone had an 87% increase in soil microbial biomass C. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiling indicated that the signature lipid biomarkers of bacteria, actinobacteria and fungi were affected by mixed culture. Principal component analysis clearly identified differences in the composition of PLFA in different soil samples. CONCLUSION Allelopathic rice specific changes in soil microbial communities may generate a positive feedback on its own growth and reproduction in the presence of competing barnyardgrass in a given paddy system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chui-Hua Kong
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Zhang J, Lin X, Liu W, Wang Y, Zeng J, Chen H. Effect of organic wastes on the plant-microbe remediation for removal of aged PAHs in soils. J Environ Sci (China) 2012; 24:1476-1482. [PMID: 23513690 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(11)60951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of in-situ bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may be inhibited by low nutrients and organic carbon. To evaluate the effect of organic wastes on the PAHs removal efficiency of a plant-microbe remediation system, contaminated agricultural soils were amended with different dosages of sewage sludge (SS) and cattle manure (CM) in the presence of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and PAHs-degraders (Bacillus sp. and Flavobacterium sp.). The results indicated that the alfalfa mean biomasses varied from 0.56 to 2.23 g/pot in root dry weight and from 1.80 to 4.88 g/pot in shoot dry weight. Low dose amendments, with rates of SS at 0.1% and CM at 1%, had prominent effects on plant growth and soil PAHs degradation. After 60-day incubation, compared with about 5.6% in the control, 25.8% PAHs removal was observed for treatments in the presence of alfalfa and PAHs-degraders; furthermore, when amended with different dosages of SS and CM, the removed PAHs from soils increased by 35.5%-44.9% and 25.5%-42.3%, respectively. In particular, the degradation of high-molecular-weight PAHs was up to 42.4%. Dehydrogenase activities (DH) ranged between 0.41 and 1.83 microg triphenylformazan/(g dry soil x hr) and the numbers of PAHs-degrading microbes (PDM) ranged from 1.14 x 10(6) to 16.6 x 10(6) most-probable-number/g dry soil. Further investigation of the underlying microbial mechanism revealed that both DH and PDM were stimulated by the addition of organic wastes and significantly correlated with the removal ratio of PAHs. In conclusion, the effect of organic waste application on soil PAHs removal to a great extent is dependent on the interactional effect of nutrients and dissolved organic matter in organic waste and soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Mandal BK, Vankayala R, Uday Kumar L. Speciation of chromium in soil and sludge in the surrounding tannery region, ranipet, Tamil Nadu. ISRN TOXICOLOGY 2011; 2011:697980. [PMID: 23724287 PMCID: PMC3658852 DOI: 10.5402/2011/697980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The distribution and mobility of chromium in the soils and sludge surrounding a tannery waste dumping area was investigated to evaluate its vertical and lateral movement of operational speciation which was determined in six steps to fractionate the material in the soil and sludge into (i) water soluble, (ii) exchangeable, (iii) carbonate bound, (iv) reducible, (v) oxidizable, and (vi) residual phases. The present study shows that about 63.7% of total chromium is mobilisable, and 36.3% of total chromium is nonbioavailable in soil, whereas about 30.2% of total chromium is mobilisable, and 69.8% of total chromium is non-bioavailable in sludge. In contaminated sites the concentration of chromium was found to be higher in the reducible phase in soils (31.3%) and oxidisable phases in sludge (56.3%) which act as the scavenger of chromium in polluted soils. These results also indicate that iron and manganese rich soil can hold chromium that will be bioavailable to plants and biota. Thus, results of this study can indicate the status of bioavailable of chromium in this area, using sequential extraction technique. So a suitable and proper management of handling tannery sludge in the said area will be urgently needed to the surrounding environment as well as ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badal Kumar Mandal
- Trace Elements Speciation Research Laboratory, Environments and Analytical Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
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Warman PR, Munroe MD. The effects of high metal concentrations in soil-compost mixtures on soil enzymes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2010; 45:633-638. [PMID: 20803367 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2010.502421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The study was undertaken to determine the impact of high-metal composts on the activities of four soil enzymes. High concentrations of metal salts (Cr, Cu, Ni or a Co-Mo-Pb combination) were added to feedstocks during the thermophilic stage of composting. These four metal-enriched composts and an unamended control compost were then mixed with soil collected from long-term agriculture plots under organic management or conventional management. The compost-soil mixtures were prepared at two rates (1:1 or 1:3 compost:soil, v/v) and incubated at 20 degrees C for three weeks. These 20 combinations plus the five composts and the two soils were added to pots and incubated for three weeks. Following incubation, soil enzyme activities (acid phosphatase, arysulfatase, dehydrogenase, phosphodiesterase) were measured using traditional assay procedures. Compared to the control, none of the high-metal composts inhibited soil enzyme activity. Notably, the Cu compost treatment produced significantly higher activity of all four enzymes in the soil compared to the control. Previous soil management influenced the activity of three enzymes, arysulfatase and dehydrogenase had greater activity in the organic soil while phosphatase activity was greater in the conventional soil. Increasing the proportion of compost in the pot had a positive effect on phosphodiesterase activity only. In conclusion, the high-metal compost treatments either enhanced or caused no adverse effects on soil enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Warman
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Kong CH, Xu XH, Zhang M, Zhang SZ. Allelochemical tricin in rice hull and its aurone isomer against rice seedling rot disease. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2010; 66:1018-24. [PMID: 20730995 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One promising area of rice disease management is the potential of exploiting biological control agents. Rice seedling rot disease caused by soil-borne pathogenic fungi has become a dominant disease problem because of greater use of direct seeding. Rice hull has been potentially used to control paddy weeds, but little information is available on rice disease. This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between disease incidence and soil amended with tricin-releasing rice hull, and to assess fungicidal activity of tricin and its synthesised aurone isomer, with an attempt to develop an allelochemical-based fungicide against rice seedling rot disease. RESULTS Tricin was detected in all hulls of 12 rice cultivars tested, but its contents in rice hulls varied greatly with the cultivar and genotype. Tricin in rice hulls was released into the soil once amended. Disease incidence was significantly reduced by soil amended with rice hull. Tricin-rich rice hull amendment greatly suppressed soil-borne pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn which cause rice seedling rot disease. In attempting to obtain enough tricin for further experiments, the aurone isomer (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyaurone) of tricin rather than tricin itself was unexpectedly synthesised. This aurone isomer had much stronger fungicidal activity on both F. oxysporum and R. solani than tricin itself. CONCLUSION Soil amended with tricin-rich rice hull was associated with reduced risk of developing seedling rot disease. The tricin isomer, aurone, is more effective against rice seedling rot disease than tricin itself, making it an ideal lead compound for new fungicide discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chui-Hua Kong
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Maisto G, De Marco A, De Nicola F, Arena C, Vitale L, Virzo De Santo A. Suitability of two types of organic wastes for the growth of sclerophyllous shrubs on limestone debris: a mesocosm trial. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:1508-1514. [PMID: 20092872 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether overlaying organic wastes directly on limestone debris allowed the growth of sclerophyllous shrubs; the aim was to explore the feasibility of rehabilitation of sites destroyed by quarrying activity. In an open air mesocosm experiment two types of organic material were compared: compost from municipal wastes (C) and a mixture of compost and poultry manure added with wheat husk (C-PW). Mesocosms were pots (1m diameter, 60cm height) containing limestone debris covered by the organic material. Seven mesocosms with C and seven mesocosms with C-PW were planted with sclerophyllous shrubs (Laurus nobilis L., Phillyrea angustifolia L. and Quercus ilex L.). The substrates were characterised in terms of chemical and physical parameters, microbial activity and biomass, and total and active fungal biomass. Shrub photosynthetic performance and growth were evaluated. Over the whole experimental period, organic matter mineralization was higher in C-PW. Microbial biomass and respiration were higher in C-PW than in C but after one year no statistically significant difference between the two substrates occurred. Fungal mycelium was a minor fraction of the microbial community in both types of substrates and decreased dramatically after setting up the mesocosms. The metabolic quotient was higher in C suggesting more stressful conditions as compared to C-PW. Both substrates allowed shrub growth; however photosynthetic rates and the increase of plant size were higher on C-PW than on C. The results demonstrated that, as compared to only compost, the mixture of compost and poultry manure added with wheat husk is a substrate more suitable to both microbial processes and plant growth. Therefore a plan to revegetate quarries based on the use of organic wastes as a substrate for sclerophyllous shrubs could be feasible and, what is more, helpful to mitigate the environmental impact of organic wastes disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Maisto
- Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cinthia, Napoli, Italy.
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Kong CH, Wang P, Gu Y, Xu XH, Wang ML. Fate and impact on microorganisms of rice allelochemicals in paddy soil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:5043-5049. [PMID: 18540621 DOI: 10.1021/jf8004096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathic rice can release allelochemicals from roots to inhibit neighboring plant species, but little is currently known about their fate and impact on microorganisms in paddy soil. This study showed that allelopathic rice PI312777 released much higher concentrations of allelochemical (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyflavone) than non-allelopathic rice Liaojing-9 in field. When quantitative 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyflavone was added into soil, flavone gave a short half-life of 18.27 +/- 2.32 h (r(2) = 0.94) and could easily be degraded into benzoic acid. Benzoic acid with a half-life of 29.99 +/- 2.19 h (r(2) = 0.96) was more resistant toward degradation in paddy soil. Furthermore, both the culturable microbial population and the entire microbial community structure of soil incubated with flavone and benzoic acid were evaluated using the soil dilution plate method and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, respectively. It appeared from the results that flavone could reduce microorganisms especially for fungi present in paddy soil, while benzoic acid could induce a higher response for soil microorganisms especially for bacteria. Consequently, flavone would be responsible for the dynamics of soil microorganisms during the early period, and any observed effect during the late period would be very likely due to its degradation product benzoic acid rather than flavone itself. These results suggested that allelopathic rice varieties could modify soil microorganisms to their advantage through the release of allelochemicals. The concentration and fate of discriminating 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyflavone between allelopathic and non-alleloparhic varieties tested in rice soil would result in the different patterns of microbial population and community structure in paddy ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Kong
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Tripathy S, Bhattacharyya P, Equeenuddin SM, Kim K, Kulkarni HD. Comparison of microbial indicators under two water regimes in a soil amended with combined paper mill sludge and decomposed cow manure. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 71:168-175. [PMID: 18082245 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Revised: 10/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An incubation study was conducted under laboratory conditions to compare the effects of soil amendment of combined paper mill sludge (PS) and decomposed cow manure (DCM) on selected microbial indicators. A lateritic soil (Typic Haplustalf) was amended with 0 (control), 20 or 80tha(-1) (wet weight) of PS or DCM. The amended soils were then adjusted to 60% water holding capacity (WHC) or submerged conditions, and incubated at 27 degrees C in dark for up to 120days (d). The microbial biomass C (MBC), the basal soil respiration and the enzyme activities of the beta-glucosidase, acid phosphatase and sulphatase were analyzed at day 15, 30, 45, 60 and 120. Compared to the unamended soil (control), the MBC, the basal soil respiration and the enzyme activities increased with the rate of PS and DCM. At similar rate, the DCM treatment increased significantly the MBC, the soil respiration and the enzyme activities compared to the PS treatment. Also, the water regimes affected the microbial activities. At 60% WHC, the MBC and soil respiration increased during the first 30d and decreased thereafter. The enzyme activities showed similar trends, where they increased for the first 60d, and decreased thereafter. In contrast, under submerged condition, the MBC and enzymes activities declined during 120d, whereas the soil respiration increased. Compared to the control, the used of PS and DCM had no negative impact of the soil microbial parameters, even at the highest application rate. Long-term field experiments are required to confirm these laboratory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasish Tripathy
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
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Bhattacharyya P, Mitra A, Chakrabarti K, Chattopadhyay DJ, Chakraborty A, Kim K. Effect of heavy metals on microbial biomass and activities in century old landfill soil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2008; 136:299-306. [PMID: 17370129 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-007-9685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 02/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the effect of metals on soil microbial biomass and activities in landfill soils as well as normal background soil. The microbial biomass and activities were consistently higher in the landfill soils than in the background soil. Significant positive correlations existed between the microbial parameters and soil organic carbon. The landfill soils contained higher concentrations of metals (iron, manganese, copper, cadmium, lead and zinc) than did the background soil. Microbial parameters were negatively correlated with the metals, with inhibition increasing with the bioavailability of the metals. It is suggested that the metals affected microbial biomass and activities by behaving synergistically or additively with each other. Although the landfill soils had higher microbial biomass and activities than the background soil, due to higher organic matter content, the ratios of microbial parameters/organic carbon indicated that inhibition of microbial growth and activities had occurred due to metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bhattacharyya
- BK21 Advanced Geo-Environment Research Team, School of Environmental Engineering, Kunsan National University, Jeonbuk, Kunsan 573-701, South Korea.
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Clemente R, de la Fuente C, Moral R, Bernal MP. Changes in microbial biomass parameters of a heavy metal-contaminated calcareous soil during a field remediation experiment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2007; 36:1137-44. [PMID: 17596622 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2006.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbial biomass parameters give useful information about the restoration degree and quality of contaminated soils. These parameters were studied in a field experiment where the effect of two organic amendments on the bioavailability of heavy metals in an agricultural soil and on their accumulation in Beta vulgaris and Beta maritima was assessed. The soil was a calcareous Xeric Torriorthent and the total metal levels were (mg kg(-1)): 2706 Zn, 3235 Pb, and 39 Cu. The treatments were: fresh cow manure, olive husk, and inorganic fertilizer as a control. Two successive crops (B. vulgaris and B. maritima) were grown on the treated and untreated plots. The soil was sampled before each planting and after each harvest over a 15-mo period. Biomass C and N increased in all plots, especially in the organically amended ones. The ratio CO(2)-C/biomass C decreased in olive husk and manure-treated plots, in comparison with the control, and also during the experiment, suggesting a beneficial effect of the organic amendments. In olive husk-treated plots a significant increase in the ratio of biomass C/total organic carbon (TOC) with time was observed. This indicated a reduction of heavy metal stress on the microbial population. The amendments showed, in general, a beneficial effect on soil quality and fertility, while microbial biomass parameters were found to be useful indicators of the evolution of the remediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Clemente
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, PO Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Zeng LS, Liao M, Chen CL, Huang CY. Effects of lead contamination on soil enzymatic activities, microbial biomass, and rice physiological indices in soil-lead-rice (Oryza sativa L.) system. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2007; 67:67-74. [PMID: 16806470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2005] [Revised: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of lead (Pb) treatment on the soil enzymatic activities, soil microbial biomass, rice physiological indices and rice biomass were studied in a greenhouse pot experiment. Six levels of Pb viz. 0(CK), 100, 300, 500, 700, 900 mg/kg soil were applied in two types of paddy soils. The results showed that Pb treatment had a stimulating effect on soil enzymatic activities and microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) at low concentration and an inhibitory influence at higher concentration. The degree of influence on enzymatic activities and Cmic by Pb was related to the clay and organic matter contents of the soils. When the Pb treatment was raised to the level of 500 mg/kg, ecological risk appeared both to soil microorganisms and plants. The results also revealed a consistent trend of increased chlorophyll contents and rice biomass initially, maximum at a certain Pb treatment, and then decreased gradually with the increase in Pb concentration. Pb was effective in inducing proline accumulation and its toxicity causes oxidative stress in rice plants. Therefore, it was concluded that soil enzymatic activities, Cmic and rice physiological indices, could be sensitive indicators to reflect environmental stress in soil-lead-rice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu S Zeng
- Department of Resources Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China
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Pal R, Chakrabarti K, Chakraborty A, Chowdhury A. Effect of pencycuron on microbial parameters of waterlogged soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2006; 41:1319-31. [PMID: 17090495 DOI: 10.1080/03601230600963995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory study was conducted to monitor the effect of pencycuron [1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1-cyclopentyl-3-phenylurea] on microbial parameters of alluvial (AL) soil (Typic udifluvent) and coastal saline (CS) soil (Typic endoaquept) under waterlogged condition. Pencycuron at field rate (FR), 2FR and 10FR affected the microbial biomass C (MBC), soil ergosterol content and fluorescein diacetate hydrolyzing activity (FDHA) differentially. The DCM amendment did not seem to have any counteractive effect on the toxicity of pencycuron on the microbial variables. The change in microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2) and microbial respiration quotient (QR), indicated pencycuron induced disturbance at 10FR. Present study revealed that the metabolically activated microbial population was more suppressed compared to the dormant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pal
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Calcutta University, Calcutta, India.
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