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Mousavi A, Salamat N, Safahieh A. Phenanthrene disrupting effects on the thyroid system of Arabian seabream, Acanthopagrus arabicus: In situ and in vivo study. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 252:109226. [PMID: 34756986 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phenanthrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is one of the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of phenanthrene on histophysiology of thyroid in Arabian seabream (Acanthopagrus arabicus). In this regards, different concentrations of phenanthrene (2, 20 and 40 pg/gbw) were injected to Acanthopagrus arabicus and changes in thyroid tissue structure and the serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) were assessed. The experiment lasted 21 days. Alterations in thyroid tissue structure and T3 and T4 serum levels also were assessed in Acanthopagrus arabicus caught from different stations of the Persian Gulf (Jafari, Samail, Arvand, Zangi, Bahrakan). In addition, the concentration of phenanthrene was measured in the fish muscle and sediment samples from the stations. Phenanthrene concentration reached the maximum level in the muscle of all injected fish after 4 days and then decreased by the end of the experiment. The highest and lowest concentrations of phenanthrene were recorded in the fish muscle and sediment samples collected from Jafari and Bahrakan, respectively. The levels of T3 and T4 decreased dose dependently in phenanthrene-injected fish up to day 7 and then increased by the end of the experiment. The serum level of T3 and T4 in fish collected from different stations was as follows: Jafari<Samail<Arvand<Zangi≤Bahrakan. Some tissue changes observed in fish included decrease in the thickness of thyroid follicle epithelium and increase in follicle diameter. In conclusion, according to the results, phenanthrene significantly affected thyroid function in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Mousavi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Khuzestan, Iran
| | - Negin Salamat
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Khuzestan, Iran.
| | - Alireza Safahieh
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Khuzestan, Iran
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Thambirajah AA, Wade MG, Verreault J, Buisine N, Alves VA, Langlois VS, Helbing CC. Disruption by stealth - Interference of endocrine disrupting chemicals on hormonal crosstalk with thyroid axis function in humans and other animals. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111906. [PMID: 34418447 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are important regulators of growth, development, and homeostasis of all vertebrates. There are many environmental contaminants that are known to disrupt TH action, yet their mechanisms are only partially understood. While the effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are mostly studied as "hormone system silos", the present critical review highlights the complexity of EDCs interfering with TH function through their interactions with other hormonal axes involved in reproduction, stress, and energy metabolism. The impact of EDCs on components that are shared between hormone signaling pathways or intersect between pathways can thus extend beyond the molecular ramifications to cellular, physiological, behavioral, and whole-body consequences for exposed organisms. The comparatively more extensive studies conducted in mammalian models provides encouraging support for expanded investigation and highlight the paucity of data generated in other non-mammalian vertebrate classes. As greater genomics-based resources become available across vertebrate classes, better identification and delineation of EDC effects, modes of action, and identification of effective biomarkers suitable for HPT disruption is possible. EDC-derived effects are likely to cascade into a plurality of physiological effects far more complex than the few variables tested within any research studies. The field should move towards understanding a system of hormonal systems' interactions rather than maintaining hormone system silos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita A Thambirajah
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de Recherche en Toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Nicolas Buisine
- UMR7221 Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Verônica A Alves
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Québec City, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Québec City, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Caren C Helbing
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
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Korkmaz N, Örün İ. Effects of pesticide NeemAzal-T/S on thyroid, stress hormone and some cytokines levels in freshwater common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1895841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuh Korkmaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Örün
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
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Fuller N, Magnuson JT, Huff Hartz KE, Fulton CA, Whitledge GW, Acuña S, Schlenk D, Lydy MJ. Effects of dietary cypermethrin exposure on swimming performance and expression of lipid homeostatic genes in livers of juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:257-267. [PMID: 33534069 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increased use of pyrethroid insecticides raises concern for exposure to non-target aquatic species, such as Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Cypermethrin, a type II pyrethroid, is frequently detected in surface waters and sediments at concentrations that exceed levels that induce toxicity to several invertebrate and salmonid species. To better understand the effects of cypermethrin to salmonids following dietary exposure, juvenile Chinook salmon were dietarily exposed to a 0, 200, or 2000 ng/g cypermethrin diet for a duration of 7, 14, or 21 days and assessed for body burden residues, swimming performance, lipid content, and lipid homeostatic gene expression. The average cypermethrin concentrations in fish dietarily exposed to cypermethrin for 21 days were 155.4 and 952.1 ng cypermethrin/g lipid for the 200 and 2000 ng/g pellet treatments, respectively. Increased trends of fatty acid synthase (fasn, r2 = 0.10, p < 0.05) and ATP citrate lyase (acly, r2 = 0.21, p < 0.001) mRNA expression were found in the fish livers relative to increasing cypermethrin body burden residues, though no significant changes in the mRNA expression of farnesoid X receptor or liver X receptor were observed. Furthermore, Chinook salmon dietarily exposed to cypermethrin did not have a significantly altered burst swimming performance (Umax). These results support studies that have suggested Umax may not be a sensitive endpoint when assessing the effects of certain pesticide classes, such as pyrethroids, but that dysregulation of fasn and acly expression may alter lipid homeostasis and energy metabolism in the liver of fish dietarily exposed to cypermethrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Fuller
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Kara E Huff Hartz
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Corie A Fulton
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Gregory W Whitledge
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Shawn Acuña
- Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, 1121L Street, Suite 900, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Michael J Lydy
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
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Zhang X, Tian H, Wang W, Ru S. Monocrotophos pesticide decreases the plasma levels of total 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine and alters the expression of genes associated with the thyroidal axis in female goldfish (Carassius auratus). PLoS One 2014; 9:e108972. [PMID: 25268935 PMCID: PMC4182569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent study showed that monocrotophos (MCP) pesticide disrupted the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in male goldfish (Carassius auratus); however, the effects of MCP on the thyroid system in female goldfish are remain unclear. In the present study, plasma thyroid hormone (TH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were evaluated in female goldfish exposed to 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00 mg/L of 40% MCP-based pesticide for 21 days in a semi-static exposure system. Expression profiles of HPT axis-responsive genes, including transthyretin (ttr), deiodinases (d1, d2, and d3), tshβ, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh), and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (crh), were determined. The results indicated that MCP decreased the plasma levels of total 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (TT3) and the ratio of TT3 to total 3,3',5,5'-l-thyroxine (TT4), and induced alternative expression of TH-related genes. Exposure to 0.01 and 0.10 mg/L MCP pesticide resulted in the up-regulation of ttr mRNA. The reduction of plasma TT3 levels was partly attributed to an increase in the metabolism of T3 in the liver, as revealed by the highly elevated hepatic d1 and d3 mRNA levels in the MCP treatment groups, and the expression of hepatic d3 showed a negative correlation with the plasma TT3/TT4 levels in females. Moreover, the plasma TSH levels were lower in females exposed to 0.01 and 0.10 mg/L MCP pesticide, whereas the up-regulation of tshβ mRNA levels was compensated by the decreased plasma TT3 levels. These results indicated that MCP had the potential to influence several pathways of HPT axis homeostasis in female goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Tian
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Ibrahim ATA, Harabawy ASA. Sublethal toxicity of carbofuran on the African catfish Clarias gariepinus: Hormonal, enzymatic and antioxidant responses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 106:33-39. [PMID: 24836875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the impacts of carbofuran on endocrinology of the catfish, Clarias gariepinus, for the first time and evaluated cortisol (CRT), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4), 17β-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (TST) and the oxidative stress markers including SOD, CAT, GSTs, GSH. The toxic effects on the metabolic enzymes, G6PDH and LDH, in addition to lipid peroxidation (LPO) and DNA damage as biomarkers in Nile catfish, to sublethal exposures of carbofuran (0.16 and 0.49mg/L, for 35 days) were studied. Statistically significant differences between selected parameters between control and carbofuran-treated fish were recorded. Carbofuran caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in CRT and T3 levels; the mean levels of T4, TST, E2 exhibited significant decreases (p<0.05) in carbofuran-treated fish. Toxicity of carbofuran on liver, kidney, gills, gonads and muscles after 35 days of exposure was found. Glycogen levels showed a highly significant decrease in liver and gills (p< 0.001), a significant decrease (p< 0.05) in kidney and muscles, and insignificant changes (p>0.05) in gonads of treated fish. The two metabolic enzymes G6PDH and LDH in all tissues exhibited significant decreases (p<0.05) in treated fish. SOD, CAT, GSH and GST levels showed significant decreases (p<0.05) in all tissues of fish after exposure to carbofuran. LPO levels increased significantly (p<0.05) in all tissues except gonads after 5 weeks of exposure to carbofuran. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in DNA fragmentation percentage in treated fish. Our results provide a clear evidence on the response of C. gariepinus to sublethal doses of carbofuran and allow us to consider catfish as a good bioindicator to reflect the endocrine disrupting impacts of carbofuran, and reflect the potential of this pesticide to cause disturbance in antioxidant defense system as well as metabolism and induction of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and DNA damage in contaminated ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Th A Ibrahim
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley Branch, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S A Harabawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; Biology Department, Faculty of Science, North Jeddah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Abd El-Gawad EA, Abdel Hamid OM. Effect of vitamin C dietary supplementation in reducing the alterations induced by fenitrothion in Oreochromis niloticus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:787-796. [PMID: 24197701 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the dietary effect of vitamin C in amelioration some of studied alterations induced by fenitrothion in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Nile tilapia was exposed to sub-lethal concentration of fenitrothion 0.04 mg/l (96 h LC50 value was 0.8 mg/l), and basal diet was supplemented with two different dose of vitamin C (500 and 1200 mg/kg B wt/day) for 30 days. Vitamin C supplemented groups showed significant decrease in plasma cortisol and glucose level, enzymes activity of liver and gills (catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase) and % of tail DNA damage compared to exposed group. Moreover, fish revealed significant increase in total plasma protein, albumin, globulin and A/G ratio. High dose of vitamin C dietary supplementation (1200 mg/kg B wt/day) returns these parameters to its normal levels with no significant difference compared to non exposed control group. These results indicated that incorporation of high dose of vitamin C (1200 mg) in aqua feed for 30 days could be potentially less expensive and effective in reducing the alterations induced by fenitrothion in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Abd El-Gawad
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Kalubia, 13736, Egypt,
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Laldinsangi C, Vijayaprasadarao K, Rajakumar A, Murugananthkumar R, Prathibha Y, Sudhakumari CC, Mamta SK, Dutta-Gupta A, Senthilkumaran B. Two-dimensional proteomic analysis of gonads of air-breathing catfish, Clarias batrachus after the exposure of endosulfan and malathion. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:1006-1014. [PMID: 24742880 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals have raised public concern, since their effects have been found to interfere with the physiological systems of various organisms, especially during critical stage of development and reproduction. Endosulfan and malathion, pesticides widely used for agricultural purposes, have been known to disrupt physiological functions in aquatic organisms. The current work analyzes the effects of endosulfan (2.5 parts per billion [ppb]) and malathion (10 ppb) on the reproductive physiology of catfish (Clarias batrachus) by evaluating protein expression profiles after 21 days of exposure. The proteomic profile of testis and ovary after exposure to endosulfan showed downregulation of proteins such as ubiquitin and Esco2, and upregulation in melanocortin-receptor-2 respectively. Malathion exposed ovary showed upregulated prolactin levels. Identification of proteins differentially expressed in gonads due to the exposure to these pesticides may serve as crucial indications to denote their disruptive effects at the level of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Laldinsangi
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences-Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - K Vijayaprasadarao
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences-Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - A Rajakumar
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences-Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - R Murugananthkumar
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences-Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Y Prathibha
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences-Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - C C Sudhakumari
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences-Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - S K Mamta
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences-Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - A Dutta-Gupta
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences-Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - B Senthilkumaran
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences-Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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9
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Kaya H, Çelik EŞ, Yılmaz S, Tulgar A, Akbulut M, Demir N. Hematological, serum biochemical, and immunological responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to phosalone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-014-1930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Endocrine disruptions induced by artificial induction of mercury chloride on sea bream. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-012-1465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Williams TD, Turan N, Diab AM, Wu H, Mackenzie C, Bartie KL, Hrydziuszko O, Lyons BP, Stentiford GD, Herbert JM, Abraham JK, Katsiadaki I, Leaver MJ, Taggart JB, George SG, Viant MR, Chipman KJ, Falciani F. Towards a system level understanding of non-model organisms sampled from the environment: a network biology approach. PLoS Comput Biol 2011; 7:e1002126. [PMID: 21901081 PMCID: PMC3161900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition and analysis of datasets including multi-level omics and physiology from non-model species, sampled from field populations, is a formidable challenge, which so far has prevented the application of systems biology approaches. If successful, these could contribute enormously to improving our understanding of how populations of living organisms adapt to environmental stressors relating to, for example, pollution and climate. Here we describe the first application of a network inference approach integrating transcriptional, metabolic and phenotypic information representative of wild populations of the European flounder fish, sampled at seven estuarine locations in northern Europe with different degrees and profiles of chemical contaminants. We identified network modules, whose activity was predictive of environmental exposure and represented a link between molecular and morphometric indices. These sub-networks represented both known and candidate novel adverse outcome pathways representative of several aspects of human liver pathophysiology such as liver hyperplasia, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. At the molecular level these pathways were linked to TNF alpha, TGF beta, PDGF, AGT and VEGF signalling. More generally, this pioneering study has important implications as it can be applied to model molecular mechanisms of compensatory adaptation to a wide range of scenarios in wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim D. Williams
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nil Turan
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amer M. Diab
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Huifeng Wu
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Academy of Sciences, Yantai, PR. China
| | - Carolynn Mackenzie
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Katie L. Bartie
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Hrydziuszko
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Brett P. Lyons
- Cefas, Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | | | - John M. Herbert
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph K. Abraham
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | | | - Michael J. Leaver
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - John B. Taggart
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen G. George
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Viant
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J. Chipman
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Falciani
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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12
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Mishra D, Rai R, Srivastav SK, Srivastav AK. Histological alterations in the prolactin cells of a teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis, after exposure to cypermethrin. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2011; 26:359-363. [PMID: 20082443 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 11/07/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater fish Heteropneustes fossilis (H. fossilis) were subjected to 5.76 μg/L (80% of 96 h LC(50) ) and 1.44 μg/L (20% of 96 h LC(50) ) of cypermethrin for short-term (96 h) and long-term (28 days) duration, respectively. Plasma calcium of H. fossilis exposed for short term (96 h) to cypermethrin exhibited no change at 24 h. The levels indicate a decrease in plasma calcium at 48 h. This response persists till the close of experiment (96 h). No change has been noticed throughout the experiment in the histological structure and nuclear volume of prolactin cells of short-term cypermethrin treated fish. Long-term exposure of cypermethrin to fish provoked hypocalcemia. The prolactin cells remain unchanged till 7 days following cypermethrin treatment. After 14 days, the nuclear volume exhibits an increase and the cells exhibit degranulation. These changes increase progressively 21 days onwards. Also, few degenerating cells are discerned after 28 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwakar Mishra
- Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273 009, India
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13
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Rouvalis A, Karadima C, Zioris IV, Sakkas VA, Albanis T, Iliopoulou-Georgudaki J. Determination of pesticides and toxic potency of rainwater samples in western Greece. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:828-833. [PMID: 18995906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rainwater samples from four municipalities located in Achaia Prefecture, Greece, were collected from March to September 2006. The toxic potency of pollutants present in 36 rainwater samples was tested using Daphnia pulex. The pesticide determination was conducted with GC-MS. Only phosphamidon was detected, which appeared in 52% and 13% of the rural and urban areas, respectively. The toxicity of rainwater was determined in 52% and 46.7% of the rural and urban area samples, respectively. Chemical analyses showed that in rural areas, the PO(4)(3-) ions had higher concentrations than in urban areas. On the other hand, the SO(4)(2-), NO(-)(3), and NO(-)(2) anions are more highly concentrated in urban areas. Correlation analysis proved that the toxicity of the rainwater samples is moderate, affected by the presence of the insecticide only in the rural areas. The results indicated that toxicity can be directly assessed via bioassays, even when unknown pollutants are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rouvalis
- Unit of Environmental Management, Pollution and Ecotoxicology, Department of Biology, Section of Animal Biology, University of Patras, Rio 26500, Patras, Greece
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De Angelis S, Tassinari R, Maranghi F, Eusepi A, Di Virgilio A, Chiarotti F, Ricceri L, Pesciolini AV, Gilardi E, Moracci G, Calamandrei G, Olivieri A, Mantovani A. Developmental Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Induces Alterations in Thyroid and Thyroid Hormone Levels Without Other Toxicity Signs in Cd1 Mice. Toxicol Sci 2009; 108:311-9. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Li D, Xie P, Zhang X. Changes in plasma thyroid hormones and cortisol levels in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) exposed to the extracted microcystins. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 74:13-18. [PMID: 18990424 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The endocrine response of crucian carp injected intraperitoneally with extracted microcystins (MC) was investigated in this study. Fish were injected intraperitoneally either with 0.75% NaCl (control) and Microcystis extract corresponding to 150 and 600 microg microcystins per kg body weight. The plasma levels of triiodothyronine (T(3)), thyroxine (T(4)), free triiodothyronine (FT(3)), free thyroxine (FT(4)), and cortisol were determined at 0, 1, 3, 12, 24, and 48h post-administration of MC-containing extract. Treated fish displayed abnormal behaviors, such as a startle response and disoriented swimming, as well as changes in ventilation rates. Plasma cortisol concentrations of fish in both dose groups significantly increased after administration of extracted MC and remained high throughout the experiment, which suggested that MC elicited a stress response in treated fish. The profiles of cortisol changes in treated fish appeared to be dose dependent, indicating that fish in the high dose group experienced greater MC-induced disturbance. Mortality occurred after 12h in the high dose group. Plasma levels of T(4), T(3), FT(4), and FT(3) did not vary significantly between the control fish. In contrast to this, fish exposed to MC-containing extract showed significant declines in T(3), FT(4), and FT(3) levels in a dose-dependent manner throughout the experiment. Plasma T(4) levels, however, did not vary significantly in the low dose group, whereas they decreased significantly at 48h post injection in the high dose group. This study demonstrates that administration of microcystins-containing extract causes a stress response and reduces the plasma levels of thyroid hormones in crucian carp. These results illustrate that microcystins exerted potent effects on the endocrine system of crucian carp, through activating their hypothalamus-pituitary- interrenal axis and disturbing thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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