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Lubas M, Zawada A, Jasinski JJ, Nowak A. Experimental Study of Amphibolite-Basalt (SiO 2-AlO 3-CaO-Fe 2O 3) Glasses for Glass-Ceramic Materials Production. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6887. [PMID: 37959484 PMCID: PMC10650529 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents research on multicomponent glasses obtained from natural and secondary raw materials, i.e., basalt, amphibolite, and cullet. The raw materials were used as potential sets to produce mineral fibres or glass-ceramic materials. FTIR spectroscopy and XRD studies were carried out to identify the composition of the phase type in the glass sets. The results were supported by SEM-EDS microstructural studies of the obtained materials. The ability of the melts to crystallize and their basic properties required in producing mineral fibres, i.e., the hardness and the acidity modulus, were also determined. In the glass samples after the crystallization process, the spectroscopic studies revealed an increase in the half-width of the band at 1200-800 cm-1 and splitting at the values of about 870 cm-1 and 970 cm-1. These changes probably indicate the formation of pyroxene-type crystalline phases. Moreover, based on the XRD results, it was confirmed that the obtained materials were fully amorphous. After annealing at 800 °C for 2 h, the materials show a small proportion of crystalline phases. For the materials annealed at higher temperatures, clear peaks from the crystalline phases were represented mainly by pyroxenes. The proportion of crystalline phases in the samples was also found to rise with increasing temperature, and the hardness values for the basalt glasses and glasses after crystallization rose from 753 to 946 HV0.05. Such an effect positively affects the properties of the obtained glass-ceramic materials based on the proposed sets. However, in the case of mineral fibres, crystallization at early 2 h at 800 °C can be a disadvantageous feature from the point of view of their application because crystalline phases can lead to fibre damage after a short period of operation; this will be confirmed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Lubas
- The Czestochowa University of Technology, Department of Materials Engineering, Armii Krajowej 19, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland;
| | - Anna Zawada
- The Czestochowa University of Technology, Department of Materials Engineering, Armii Krajowej 19, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland;
| | - Jaroslaw Jan Jasinski
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Centre of Excellence NOMATEN, A. Soltana 7 St., 05-400 Otwock, Poland;
| | - Adrian Nowak
- The Czestochowa University of Technology, Doctoral School of CUT, Dabrowskiego 69, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland;
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Mandal DD, Singh G, Majumdar S, Chanda P. Challenges in developing strategies for the valorization of lignin-a major pollutant of the paper mill industry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:11119-11140. [PMID: 36504305 PMCID: PMC9742045 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Apart from protecting the environment from undesired waste impacts, wastewater treatment is a crucial platform for recovery. The exploitation of suitable technology to transform the wastes from pulp and paper industries (PPI) to value-added products is vital from an environmental and socio-economic point of view that will impact everyday life. As the volume and complexity of wastewater increase in a rapidly urbanizing world, the challenge of maintaining efficient wastewater treatment in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner must be met. In addition to producing treated water, the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) has a large amount of paper mill sludge (PMS) daily. Sludge management and disposal are significant problems associated with wastewater treatment plants. Applying the biorefinery concept is necessary for PPI from an environmental point of view and because of the piles of valuables contained therein in the form of waste. This will provide a renewable source for producing valuables and bio-energy and aid in making the overall process more economical and environmentally sustainable. Therefore, it is compulsory to continue inquiry on different applications of wastes, with proper justification of the environmental and economic factors. This review discusses current trends and challenges in wastewater management and the bio-valorization of paper mills. Lignin has been highlighted as a critical component for generating valuables, and its recovery prospects from solid and liquid PPI waste have been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Dasgupta Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, 713209 West Bengal India
| | - Gaurav Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, 713209 West Bengal India
| | - Subhasree Majumdar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, 713209 West Bengal India
- Department of Zoology, Sonamukhi College, Sonamukhi, Bankura, 722207 West Bengal India
| | - Protik Chanda
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, 713209 West Bengal India
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Turner T, Wheeler R, Oliver IW. Evaluating land application of pulp and paper mill sludge: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115439. [PMID: 35751254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that >400 Mt of board and paper are produced globally per year, and that 4.3-40 kg (dw) of sludge like material, pulp and paper mill sludge (PPMS), is generated for every tonne of product. PPMS are now more widely reused in agriculture as a soil amendment due to their high organic content of 40-50% by weight, perceived low toxicity and possible liming capabilities. Within this review article historic and recent literature on PPMS land spreading are combined with knowledge of European and UK regulation to explore the benefits, potential impacts and viability of land spreading PPMS. The review reveals that risks relating to potential N immobilisation in soils post-application can be readily mitigated, if desired, by coapplication of an N source, or even pre-treatment of sludge via composting. The benefits to crops have been demonstrated emphatically, while negative ecological impacts under typical field application rates have not been observed to date. The case is therefore strong for continued land application of the material as an environmentally responsible and sustainable use option. However, there are currently gaps in the literature regarding longer-term implications of PPMS applications in agriculture and in regards to the possible presence of emerging contaminants in some PPMS materials, both of which have been identified as areas that merit further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Turner
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Rebecca Wheeler
- 4R Group, Control House, A1 Business Park, Knottingley Road, Knottingley, WF11 0BU, UK
| | - Ian W Oliver
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK
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de Azevedo ARG, Alexandre J, Pessanha LSP, Manhães RDST, de Brito J, Marvila MT. Characterizing the paper industry sludge for environmentally-safe disposal. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 95:43-52. [PMID: 31351628 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The world paper industry produces a great amount of industrial solid waste that undergoes a treatment process that can be either primary, secondary, or tertiary, in order to adapt the waste for correct disposal. The paper manufacturing industries search for the best way to dispose of their wastes, generally in landfills, but there are few studies proving the effectiveness of such measure from the environmental, technological and economic points of view. Knowing the characteristics of this waste and understanding the treatment process it is submitted to are fundamental issues to manage it and comply with environmental demands. The purpose of this paper is to perform a chemical, mineralogical, thermal, morphological, physical and environmental characterization of the paper and pulp industry wastes, in order to assess alternatives for their adequate disposal, such as controlled landfills, sanitation, incineration, and sea dumping. It was observed that the material presents physical, chemical, and morphological features that indicate the possibility of reusing it in other production chains, such as the ceramic industry, besides being classified as non-hazardous wastes. Furthermore, disposal in sanitary landfills presents advantages in environmental and technological terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afonso R G de Azevedo
- UFF - Federal Fluminense University, TER - Department of Agricultural Engineering and Environment, Rua Passo da Pátria, 156, 26354-051 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Jonas Alexandre
- UENF - State University of the Northern Rio de Janeiro, LECIV - Civil Engineering Laboratory, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luís Sérgio Peixoto Pessanha
- UENF - State University of the Northern Rio de Janeiro, LECIV - Civil Engineering Laboratory, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosane da S T Manhães
- UENF - State University of the Northern Rio de Janeiro, LCFIS - Laboratory of Physical Sciences, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jorge de Brito
- CERIS - Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Markssuel Teixeira Marvila
- UENF - State University of the Northern Rio de Janeiro, LECIV - Civil Engineering Laboratory, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
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Ayala Valderrama DM, Gómez Cuaspud JA, Roether JA, Boccaccini AR. Development and Characterization of Glass-Ceramics from Combinations of Slag, Fly Ash, and Glass Cullet without Adding Nucleating Agents. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12122032. [PMID: 31242565 PMCID: PMC6631603 DOI: 10.3390/ma12122032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Developments in the field of materials science are contributing to providing solutions for the recycling of industrial residues to develop new materials. Such approaches generate new products and provide optimal alternatives to the final disposal of different types of industrial wastes. This research focused on identifying and characterizing slag, fly ash, and glass cullet from the Boyacá region in Colombia as raw materials for producing glass-ceramics, with the innovative aspect of the use of these three residues without the addition of nucleating agents to produce the glass-ceramics. To characterize the starting materials, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques were used. The results were used to evaluate the best conditions to produce mixtures of the three waste components and to determine the specific compositions of glass-ceramics to achieve products with attractive technical properties for potential industrial applications. The proposed mixtures were based on three compositions: Mixture 1, 2, and 3. The materials were obtained through thermal treatment at 1200 °C in a tubular furnace in accordance with the results of a comprehensive characterization using thermal analysis. The microstructure, thermal stability, and structural characteristics of the samples were examined through SEM, differential thermal analysis (DTA), and XRD analyses, which showed that the main crystalline phases were diopside and anorthite, with a small amount of enstatite and gehlenite. The obtained glass-ceramics showed properties of technical significance for structural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Ayala Valderrama
- Grupo de Física de Materiales, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. Av Central del Norte 39-115, 150003 Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia.
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jairo A Gómez Cuaspud
- Grupo de Física de Materiales, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. Av Central del Norte 39-115, 150003 Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia.
| | - Judith A Roether
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Orlandi G, Cavasotto J, Machado FRS, Colpani GL, Magro JD, Dalcanton F, Mello JMM, Fiori MA. An adsorbent with a high adsorption capacity obtained from the cellulose sludge of industrial residues. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:171-180. [PMID: 27875718 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the major problems in effluent treatment plants of the cellulose and paper industry is the large amount of residual sludge generated. Therefore, this industry is trying to develop new methods to treat such residues and to use them as new products, such as adsorbents. In this regard, the objective of this work was to develop an adsorbent using the raw activated sludge generated by the cellulose and paper industry. The activated cellulose sludge, after being dried, was chemically activated with 42.5% (v/v) phosphoric acid at 85 °C for 1 h and was charred at 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C for 2 h. The efficiency of the obtained adsorbent materials was evaluated using kinetic tests with methylene blue solutions. Using the adsorption kinetics, it was verified that the three adsorbents showed the capacity to adsorb dye, and the adsorbent obtained at a temperature of 600 °C showed the highest adsorption capacity of 107.1 mg g-1. The kinetic model that best fit the experimental data was pseudo-second order. The Langmuir-Freudlich isotherm adequately described the experimental data. As a result, the cellulose sludge generated by the cellulose and paper industries could be used as an adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géssica Orlandi
- Area of Environment and Exact Sciences, Community University of the Chapecó Region, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Cavasotto
- Area of Environment and Exact Sciences, Community University of the Chapecó Region, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Francisco R S Machado
- School of Chemical and Food Sciences, Federal University of the Rio Grande, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo L Colpani
- Area of Environment and Exact Sciences, Community University of the Chapecó Region, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Jacir Dal Magro
- Post-Graduation Program in Environment Science, Community University of the Chapecó Region, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Francieli Dalcanton
- Post-Graduation Program in Technology and Innovation Management, Community University of the Chapecó Region, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Josiane M M Mello
- Post-Graduation Program in Environment Science, Community University of the Chapecó Region, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Technology and Innovation Management, Community University of the Chapecó Region, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Márcio A Fiori
- Post-Graduation Program in Environment Science, Community University of the Chapecó Region, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Technology and Innovation Management, Community University of the Chapecó Region, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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Zou J, Dai Y, Wang X, Ren Z, Tian C, Pan K, Li S, Abuobeidah M, Fu H. Structure and adsorption properties of sewage sludge-derived carbon with removal of inorganic impurities and high porosity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 142:209-217. [PMID: 23743424 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Purified sludge carbon (PSC) with removal of inorganic 'impurities' (Si, Al, etc.) is prepared from sewage sludge. Morphological structure, textural properties, surface elements and functional groups of sludge carbon (SC) and PSC are compared. SBET and pore volume of PSC are about three times higher than those of SC. PSC with large fluffy cavities remains some memory of SC parent structure. Removed fractions can be considered as a natural template for producing a hierarchical porous structure in PSC. Abundant oxygen-containing groups including hydroxyl and epoxide are generated in PSC, which are favorable for organic contaminant removal from wastewater. Diffraction peaks at 2θ = 45°, bending modes of Si-O-Si and Na1s peaks (1070.5 eV) jointly confirm that only a trace of adsorbed impurities (Na2O·(SiO2)x (x ≥ 1)) is retained on PSC surface. PSC is superior to SC and comparable to commercial activated carbon for rhodamine B and phenol adsorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
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Li Y, Yue Q, Qi Y, Li W, Zhao H, Zhao Y, Du J. Preparation of paper mill sludge-based granular activated carbon fillers for fluidized-bed bioreactor (FBBR). ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2012; 33:1701-1708. [PMID: 22988631 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2011.643318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Paper mill sludge (PMS) was utilized to prepare granular activated carbon (GAC) fillers for fluidized-bed bioreactor (FBBR) through stream activation. The properties of the PMS were tested and the optimum conditions for the production process were determined. Then, the GAC fillers were used in the FBBR to investigate the capacity for wastewater treatment. The results showed that the optimal conditions were: carbonization temperature of 450 degrees C, carbonization time of 50 min, activation temperature of 800 degrees C and activation time of 60 min. The specific surface area of the GAC fillers was 130 m2/g and the grain density was 1.34 x 10(3) kg/m3. The wastewater treatment results showed that after40 days ofrunning, under the conditions of influent COD of 800 mg/L and HRT of2 h, the COD removal efficiency was about 90%, which demonstrated that PMS-based GAC fillers were feasible for FBBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shanda South Road No. 27, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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Maschio S, Furlani E, Tonello G, Faraone N, Aneggi E, Minichelli D, Fedrizzi L, Bachiorrini A, Bruckner S. Fast firing of tiles containing paper mill sludge, glass cullet and clay. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2009; 29:2880-2885. [PMID: 19608400 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2009.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The paper describes results obtained in the development of a previous research. We study here, in fast firing, the sintering behaviour and measure some properties of tiles containing a mixture of 60 wt% of paper mill sludge and 40 wt% of glass cullet. The behaviour of this material is compared to those displayed by materials obtained by the same mixture added with 10, 20 and 30 wt% of a natural red clay. In parallel, the same properties are measured also on a reference blend, which is presently used to produce commercial tiles. We show that powders containing 60 wt% of paper sludge and 40 wt% of glass cullet to which 30 wt% of clay is added give rise to materials that display a stable sintering process and have good hardness and strength and therefore could be used for the industrial production of tiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maschio
- Università di Udine, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Via del Cotonificio 108, Udine 33100, Italy.
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