1
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Liu Y, Zhang R, Pan B, Qiu H, Wang J, Zhang J, Niu X, He L, Qian W, Peijnenburg WJGM. Uptake of heavy metals by crops near a mining field: Pathways from roots and leaves. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 322:138215. [PMID: 36822524 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal uptake and distribution in crops have been demonstrated to be highly variable and depending on the metal of interest and the crop type. However, no consensus is reached regarding the primary factor controlling metal uptake in crops. This study thus comparably investigated Hg, As, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu uptake and distribution in three crops grown in a watershed near a copper mining field located in Yunnan, Southwestern China. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) were statistically compared for the same metal across different crops. Leafy crops had a stronger propensity to accumulate Hg, As and Zn than fruit crops. The ability of grain crops to accumulate Cd and Cu was much lower than leafy and fruit crops. The three crops all tended not to accumulate Pb in their edible tissues. The DTPA extracted metal concentrations were not statistically correlated with the metal concentrations in crop edible tissues. It is thus not practical to predict metal uptake of Hg, As, Pb and Zn through their available concentrations in soils. The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus, and competing metal ions present in paddy soil decreased the accumulation of Cu and Cd in rice grains. By means of hierarchical cluster analysis, the high accumulation of Zn in the edible tissues of fruit and grain crops was mainly due to dust inputs via phloem transport from leaves. This is why BCF(Zn) was the highest among the six metals for these two crops. For leafy crops, the accumulation of Hg, Cd and Zn in leaves was mainly through soil inputs by roots. Our findings serve as a scientific basis for the selection of crops in areas with high background of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ruicai Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Junyuan Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xuekui Niu
- Yunnan Research Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Kunming, 650034, China
| | - Liping He
- Yunnan Research Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Kunming, 650034, China.
| | - Wenmin Qian
- Yunnan Research Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Kunming, 650034, China
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300RA, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, 3720BA, the Netherlands
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2
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Mandal J, Bakare WA, Rahman MM, Rahman MA, Siddique AB, Oku E, Wood MD, Hutchinson SM, Mondal D. Varietal differences influence arsenic and lead contamination of rice grown in mining impacted agricultural fields of Zamfara State, Nigeria. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135339. [PMID: 35718036 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In Zamfara state, Nigeria, rice is cultivated in fields contaminated with Pb (lead) from artisanal and illicit mining activities. Rice grown in such contaminated agricultural areas risks not only Pb contamination but also contamination from other toxic elements, like arsenic (As); co-contamination of Pb and As in rice cultivated in mining impacted areas has been previously reported and rice is a hyperaccumulator of As. A field study was conducted with ten different commonly-cultivated Nigerian rice varieties in the mining-impacted farmlands of Dareta village, Zamfara State. The aim was to determine the optimal rice variety for cultivation on these contaminated farmlands; an optimal variety would have the lowest contaminant concentrations and highest essential elements concentrations in the rice grains. A total of 300 paired soil and rice plants were collected. The mean As and Pb concentrations in paddy soils were 0.91 ± 0.82 mg kg-1 and 288.5 ± 464.2 mg kg-1, respectively. Mean As (30.4 ± 15.1 μg kg-1) content in rice grains was an order of magnitude lower than the Codex recommendation of 200 μg kg-1 (for milled rice) while the Pb content in all the rice varieties (overall mean of 743 ± 327 μg kg-1) was approximately four times higher than the Codex recommendation of 200 μg kg-1. Contrary to previous studies, a negative correlation was observed between As and Pb in rice grains across all the varieties. Rice variety Bisalayi was the variety with the lowest Pb transfer factor (TF = 0.08), but the average Pb concentration in rice grain was still above the Codex recommendation. Bisalayi also had the highest TF for iron. Variety ART_15, which had the lowest As uptake (TF = 0.10), had the highest TF for essential elements (magnesium, potassium, manganese, zinc, and copper). In areas of Pb contamination, Bisalayi rice may therefore be a suitable variety to choose for cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jajati Mandal
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom.
| | - Waheed Ariyo Bakare
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom; Department of Disease Control and Prevent, Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Md Aminur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Abu Bakkar Siddique
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Effiom Oku
- Department of Soil Science, University of Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Michael D Wood
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Simon M Hutchinson
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Debapriya Mondal
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George's University of London, SW17 0RE, United Kingdom.
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Singh S, Srivastava S. Recent advances in arsenic mitigation in rice through biotechnological approaches. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:305-313. [PMID: 35654740 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2080803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a major threat to the environment and human health due to its toxicity and carcinogenicity. Occurrence of alarming concentrations of As in water and soil leads to its bioaccumulation in crops which is a major health concern globally. Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food for a large population staying in As contaminated areas so, it is of utmost importance to reduce As levels in rice, especially grains. Amongst several strategies in practice, biotechnology may provide an effective option to reduce As accumulation in rice grains. Genetic engineering can be a viable approach to exploit potential genes playing roles in As metabolism pathway in plants. Besides, developing low As accumulating rice varieties through breeding is also an important area. Identifying genotypic variation in rice is a crucial step toward the development of a safe rice cultivar for growing in As-affected areas. Significant genotypic variation has been found in rice varieties for As accumulation in grains and that is attributable to differential expression of transporters, radial oxygen loss, and other regulators of As stress. This review provides recent updates on the research advances leading to transgenic and breeding approaches adopted to reduce As levels in rice, especially grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Singh
- Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Moulick D, Samanta S, Sarkar S, Mukherjee A, Pattnaik BK, Saha S, Awasthi JP, Bhowmick S, Ghosh D, Samal AC, Mahanta S, Mazumder MK, Choudhury S, Bramhachari K, Biswas JK, Santra SC. Arsenic contamination, impact and mitigation strategies in rice agro-environment: An inclusive insight. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149477. [PMID: 34426348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination and its adverse consequences on rice agroecosystem are well known. Rice has the credit to feed more than 50% of the world population but concurrently, rice accumulates a substantial amount of As, thereby compromising food security. The gravity of the situation lays in the fact that the population in theAs uncontaminated areas may be accidentally exposed to toxic levels of As from rice consumption. In this review, we are trying to summarize the documents on the impact of As contamination and phytotoxicity in past two decades. The unique feature of this attempt is wide spectrum coverages of topics, and that makes it truly an interdisciplinary review. Aprat from the behaviour of As in rice field soil, we have documented the cellular and molecular response of rice plant upon exposure to As. The potential of various mitigation strategies with particular emphasis on using biochar, seed priming technology, irrigation management, transgenic variety development and other agronomic methods have been critically explored. The review attempts to give a comprehensive and multidiciplinary insight into the behaviour of As in Paddy -Water - Soil - Plate prospective from molecular to post-harvest phase. From the comprehensive literature review, we may conclude that considerable emphasis on rice grain, nutritional and anti-nutritional components, and grain quality traits under arsenic stress condition is yet to be given. Besides these, some emerging mitigation options like seed priming technology, adoption of nanotechnological strategies, applications of biochar should be fortified in large scale without interfering with the proper use of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Moulick
- Plant Stress Biology and Metabolomics Laboratory Central Instrumentation Laboratory (CIL), Assam University, Silchar 788 011, India.
| | - Suman Samanta
- Division of Agricultural Physics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Sukamal Sarkar
- Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia 741252, West Bengal, India.
| | - Arkabanee Mukherjee
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Dr Homi Bhabha Rd, Panchawati, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India.
| | - Binaya Kumar Pattnaik
- Symbiosis Institute of Geoinformatics, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Saikat Saha
- Nadia Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Gayeshpur, Nadia 741234, West Bengal, India.
| | - Jay Prakash Awasthi
- Department of Botany, Government College Lamta, Balaghat, Madhya Pradesh 481551, India.
| | - Subhamoy Bhowmick
- Kolkata Zonal Center, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India.
| | - Dibakar Ghosh
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India.
| | - Alok Chandra Samal
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
| | - Subrata Mahanta
- Department of Chemistry, NIT Jamshedpur, Adityapur, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831014, India.
| | | | - Shuvasish Choudhury
- Plant Stress Biology and Metabolomics Laboratory Central Instrumentation Laboratory (CIL), Assam University, Silchar 788 011, India.
| | - Koushik Bramhachari
- Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia 741252, West Bengal, India.
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Department of Ecological Studies and International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India.
| | - Subhas Chandra Santra
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
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5
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Determination of chemical elements in rice from Singapore markets: Distribution, estimated intake and differentiation of rice varieties. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Zang X, Zhou Z, Zhang T, Wang X, Ding C. Aging of exogenous arsenic in flooded paddy soils: Characteristics and predictive models. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:116561. [PMID: 33529895 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the arsenic (As) aging process is important for predicting the environmental behavior of exogenous As in paddy soils. In this work, samples of sixteen paddy soils with various soil properties were spiked with two concentrations (30 and 100 mg kg-1) of arsenate and subjected to a 360 day-long incubation under continuous flooding condition. Soil available As extracted by 0.05 M NH4H2PO4 was monitored through the aging process. Results showed that the available As%, the percentage of remaining available As in aged soils to added total As, fell from 44.2% to 41.9% on the 1st day to 22.0% and 23.0% on the 115th day for the low and high As spiked soils, respectively, then it remained basically unchanged after the 115th day. The pseudo-second order equation could adequately describe the aging kinetics of exogenous As in paddy soils. There was no significant difference in As aging parameters between the two spiked concentrations. Contents of soil free Al and Mn oxides, clay and cation exchange capacity strongly affected the aging rate of exogenous As. An empirical model, incorporating soil pH, cation exchange capacity, Olsen-P and flooding time, was developed to predict well the change of soil available As% during aging process (R2 = 0.711). The model could be potentially utilized to manage As-contaminated paddy fields and normalize ecotoxicity and bioaccumulation datasets in attempt to derive more widely applicable soil environmental quality criteria for As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayun Zang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhigao Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Taolin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xingxiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Ecological Experimental Station of Red Soil, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yingtan, 335211, China
| | - Changfeng Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Wahdan SFM, Reitz T, Heintz-Buschart A, Schädler M, Roscher C, Breitkreuz C, Schnabel B, Purahong W, Buscot F. Organic agricultural practice enhances arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in correspondence to soil warming and altered precipitation patterns. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:6163-6176. [PMID: 33780112 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate and agricultural practice interact to influence both crop production and soil microbes in agroecosystems. Here, we carried out a unique experiment in Central Germany to simultaneously investigate the effects of climates (ambient climate vs. future climate expected in 50-70 years), agricultural practices (conventional vs. organic farming), and their interaction on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inside wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots. AMF communities were characterized using Illumina sequencing of 18S rRNA gene amplicons. We showed that climatic conditions and agricultural practices significantly altered total AMF community composition. Conventional farming significantly affected the AMF community and caused a decline in AMF richness. Factors shaping AMF community composition and richness at family level differed greatly among Glomeraceae, Gigasporaceae and Diversisporaceae. An interactive impact of climate and agricultural practices was detected in the community composition of Diversisporaceae. Organic farming mitigated the negative effect of future climate and promoted total AMF and Gigasporaceae richness. AMF richness was significantly linked with nutrient content of wheat grains under both agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fareed Mohamed Wahdan
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany.,Department of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Thomas Reitz
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Anna Heintz-Buschart
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Martin Schädler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Department of Community Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
| | - Claudia Breitkreuz
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Beatrix Schnabel
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Witoon Purahong
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - François Buscot
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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8
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Chowdhury NR, Das A, Mukherjee M, Swain S, Joardar M, De A, Mridha D, Roychowdhury T. Monsoonal paddy cultivation with phase-wise arsenic distribution in exposed and control sites of West Bengal, alongside its assimilation in rice grain. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123206. [PMID: 32593938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study mainly deals with monsoonal paddy farming with respect to its phase-wise arsenic (As) accumulation and distribution throughout cultivation in As exposed sites and control areas of West Bengal for two consecutive years, 2017 and 2018. Arsenic uptake in paddy depends on the watering pattern with the help of groundwater (Madhusudhankati: 171 μg/l, Teghoria: 493 μg/l in Gaighata and Pingla: 10 μg/l in Medinipur), soil As phase-wise movement with its enrichment pattern and the variation of rainfall. Arsenic mobility is the highest in root and decreases with height of a plant. However, the synergistic effect of groundwater and rainwater makes a diffused approach to the nature of As flow in plants, because rainwater has a pivotal role in diluting the As content available for translocation. Reproductive phase accumulates maximum As compared to vegetative and ripening phases. Sequential extraction and SEM studies re-confirm no possibility of iron (Fe) plaque formation in root soils which sequestered As. Finally, we conclude that monsoonal cultivation provides least As enriched grain (exposed area: 350 μg/kg, control area: 224 μg/kg) irrespective of the variety of cultivar and area of cultivation, which amounts to one-third of pre-monsoonal grain (1120 μg/kg) and so, it is much safer for consumption with respect to As and micro-nutrient status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antara Das
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Meenakshi Mukherjee
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Shresthashree Swain
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Madhurima Joardar
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Ayan De
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Deepanjan Mridha
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Tarit Roychowdhury
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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9
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Kim M, Peng JL, Sung K. Causality between climatic and soil factors on Italian ryegrass yield in paddy field via climate and soil big data. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 61:324-332. [PMID: 31844542 PMCID: PMC6906125 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2019.61.6.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the causality between climatic and soil variables
affecting the yield of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum
Lam., IRG) in the paddy field by constructing the pathways via structure
equation model. The IRG data (n = 133) was collected from the National
Agricultural Cooperative Federation (1992–2013). The climatic variables
were accumulated temperature, growing days and precipitation amount from the
weather information system of Korea Meteorological Administration, and soil
variables were effective soil depth, slope, gravel content and drainage class as
soil physical properties from the soil information system of Rural Development
Administration. In general, IRG cultivation by the rice-rotation system in paddy
field is important and unique in East Asia because it contributes to the
increase of income by cultivating IRG during agricultural off-season. As a
result, the seasonal effects of accumulated temperature and growing days of
autumn and next spring were evident, furthermore, autumnal temperature and
spring precipitation indirectly influenced yield through spring temperature. The
effect of autumnal temperature, spring temperature, spring precipitation and
soil physics factors were 0.62, 0.36, 0.23, and 0.16 in order
(p < 0.05). Even though the relationship between
soil physical and precipitation was not significant, it does not mean there was
no association. Because the soil physical variables were categorical, their
effects were weakly reflected even with scale adjustment by jitter
transformation. We expected that this study could contribute to increasing IRG
yield by presenting the causality of climatic and soil factors and could be
extended to various factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonju Kim
- Institute of Animal Resources, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jing-Lun Peng
- Institute of Animal Resources, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Kyungil Sung
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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10
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Li R, Zhou Z, Xu X, Xie X, Zhang Q, Liu Y. Effects of Silicon Application on Uptake of Arsenic and Phosphorus and Formation of Iron Plaque in Rice Seedlings Grown in an Arsenic-Contaminated Soil. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 103:133-139. [PMID: 30666387 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) plays important roles in improving rice growth and mitigating rice arsenic (As) uptake. In the present study, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate effects of Si application on uptake of As and phosphorus (P) and formation of iron (Fe) plaque on root surface of two rice cultivars (Zhendao 10 and Nanjing 44) grown in a high As-contaminated soil. The results showed that dry weights of shoots and roots for both rice cultivars didn't significantly varied under low Si level, but significantly increased for Zhendao 10, while decreased for Nanjing 44 under high Si level (p < 0.05). As concentrations in shoots and roots of Nanjing 44 significantly decreased for low Si level, while significantly increased for high Si level (p < 0.05). Different from Nanjing 44, effect of Si application on As concentrations in the plants of Zhendao 10 wasn't significant (p > 0.05). Si significantly increased concentrations of P in shoots and roots of both rice cultivars (p < 0.05). However, Si didn't significantly affect formation of Fe plaque on root surface. These results suggest that the effects of Si application on rice growth and As uptake in As-contaminated soils may depend on type of rice cultivar and Si application level. Rice cultivar and Si application rate should be considered when Si application is used to mitigate As accumulation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renying Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Zhigao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xianghua Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Xiaojin Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yuchun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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Pedron T, Segura FR, Paniz FP, de Moura Souza F, dos Santos MC, de Magalhães Júnior AM, Batista BL. Mitigation of arsenic in rice grains by polishing and washing: Evidencing the benefit and the cost. J Cereal Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Jung HI, Kong MS, Lee BR, Kim TH, Chae MJ, Lee EJ, Jung GB, Lee CH, Sung JK, Kim YH. Exogenous Glutathione Increases Arsenic Translocation Into Shoots and Alleviates Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress by Sustaining Ascorbate-Glutathione Homeostasis in Rice Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1089. [PMID: 31572411 PMCID: PMC6754068 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) plays diverse roles in the physiological processes, stress defense, growth, and development of plants. This study investigated the effects of exogenous GSH on the biochemical responses of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant levels in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Dasan) seedlings under arsenic (As) stress. As treatment inhibited growth; increased the level of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde; and enhanced the uptake of As by the roots and shoots in hydroponically grown 14-day-old seedlings. Furthermore, it reduced GSH content and GSH redox ratios, which have been correlated with the decrease in ascorbate (AsA) redox state. Whereas the exogenous application of GSH in As-treated seedlings reduced As-induced oxidative stress, improved antioxidant defense systems by maintaining antioxidant and/or redox enzyme homeostasis, and increased the AsA and GSH contents, the GSH application also increased the As translocation from the roots to the shoots. These results indicated that the increase in GSH redox state can be linked to an increase in the AsA redox ratio via the induction of the AsA-GSH cycle. Therefore, the results suggest that exogenous GSH application should be a promising approach to enhance As stress resistance in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-il Jung
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ha-il Jung, ; Yoo-Hak Kim,
| | - Myung-Suk Kong
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Bok-Rye Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Chae
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Goo-Bok Jung
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Fruit Science, Korean National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Jwa-Kyung Sung
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Hak Kim
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ha-il Jung, ; Yoo-Hak Kim,
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13
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Chi Y, Li F, Tam NFY, Liu C, Ouyang Y, Qi X, Li WC, Ye Z. Variations in grain cadmium and arsenic concentrations and screening for stable low-accumulating rice cultivars from multi-environment trials. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:1314-1324. [PMID: 30189548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to help mitigate widespread cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) co-contamination in paddy soils in China, screening and breeding of low-accumulating rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars (excluders) have been widely adopted. However, the performance of rice cultivars for grain Cd and As accumulation may vary in different growing environments. The inability to identify stable low-accumulating cultivars has largely hindered their application. In this study, 51 rice cultivars were evaluated at four Cd- and As-contaminated paddy sites in two crop seasons in northern Guangdong Province, China. The aim was to investigate the effects of cultivar, environment and their interactions in determining grain Cd and As concentrations, and so to identify stable low-accumulating cultivars. Results showed that environment effects dominated the Cd and As concentrations in rice grains, explaining 87% of the total variations. The crop season played a vital role; compared to early season, grain Cd levels increased and As levels lowered significantly in late season. Large variations in grain Cd, total As, inorganic As concentrations and the percentage of inorganic As were observed between different cultivars. Conventional japonica cultivars exhibited lower Cd levels but higher As levels in the grains than did indica cultivars. The cultivar × environment interaction (CEI) was significant, and its importance was comparable to the cultivar effect. By measuring and interpreting such an interaction, stable Cd and As excluder cultivars were identified based upon the yield, grain Cd and As levels as well as the stabilities of cultivars across the trial environments. Two stable Cd and As co-excluders were found among the hybrid indica cultivars. These results demonstrated that the variations in grain Cd and As concentrations could mainly be attributed to the environment effects and cultivar selection practices should include the analysis of CEI to identify stable low-accumulating rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Chi
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Fangbai Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Nora Fung-Yee Tam
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Chuanping Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Yun Ouyang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoli Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wai Chin Li
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, the Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Zhihong Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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14
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Huang Q, Liu Q, Lin L, Li FJ, Han Y, Song ZG. Reduction of arsenic toxicity in two rice cultivar seedlings by different nanoparticles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 159:261-271. [PMID: 29753827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated arsenic uptake and enzymatic activities in rice seedlings after the addition of nanoparticles. Hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different nanomaterials (high-quality graphene oxide, multilayer graphene oxide, 20 nm hydroxyapatite (HA20), 40 nm hydroxyapatite (HA40), nano-Fe3O4 (nFe3O4) and nano-zerovalent iron [nFe]) on the biomass, arsenic uptake, and enzyme activities in seedlings of the rice cultivars T705 and X24. Compared with the control, the addition of different nanomaterials increased seedling growth, with X24 rice growing better than T705 rice. Nanomaterials effectively reduced arsenic uptake in T705 rice seedlings under low and high arsenic concentrations; however, they were only effective at lower arsenic concentrations in X24 seedlings. nFe3O4 and nFe performed better than other nanomaterials in preventing arsenic from being transported to the aboveground parts of the rice seedlings. Different nanomaterials obviously influenced enzyme activities in the T705 seedlings at low arsenic concentrations (≤ 0.8 mg L-1). High-quality and multilayer graphene oxide decreased enzyme activities in the aboveground parts of the T705 seedlings, whereas, HA20 and HA40 increased the enzyme activities. nFe3O4 and nFe also reduced the effect of antioxidants in the aboveground parts of the T705 seedlings. Nanomaterials effectively reduced the arsenic uptake of T705 and X24 rice seedlings at low arsenic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Huang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China; School of Land and Environmental, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Geophysical Exploration Academy of China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Baoding 071051, China
| | - Lina Lin
- School of Land and Environmental, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Fang-Jun Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yifan Han
- Geophysical Exploration Academy of China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Baoding 071051, China
| | - Zheng-Guo Song
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China.
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15
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Bhowmick S, Pramanik S, Singh P, Mondal P, Chatterjee D, Nriagu J. Arsenic in groundwater of West Bengal, India: A review of human health risks and assessment of possible intervention options. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:148-169. [PMID: 28850835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews how active research in West Bengal has unmasked the endemic arsenism that has detrimental effects on the health of millions of people and their offspring. It documents how the pathways of exposure to this toxin/poison have been greatly expanded through intensive application of groundwater in agriculture in the region within the Green Revolution framework. A goal of this paper is to compare and contrast the similarities and differences in arsenic occurrence in West Bengal with those of other parts of the world and assess the unique socio-cultural factors that determine the risks of exposure to arsenic in local groundwater. Successful intervention options are also critically reviewed with emphasis on integrative strategies that ensure safe water to the population, proper nutrition, and effective ways to reduce the transfer of arsenic from soil to crops. While no universal model may be suited for the vast areas of the world affected with by natural contamination of groundwater with arsenic, we have emphasized community-specific sustainable options that can be adapted. Disseminating scientifically correct information among the population coupled with increased community level participation and education are recognized as necessary adjuncts for an engineering intervention to be successful and sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhamoy Bhowmick
- Kolkata Zonal Center, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India.
| | - Sreemanta Pramanik
- Kolkata Zonal Center, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Payel Singh
- Kolkata Zonal Center, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Priyanka Mondal
- Ceramic Membrane Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI), Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Debashis Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Jerome Nriagu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 109 Observatory Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
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16
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Islam S, Rahman MM, Islam MR, Naidu R. Effect of irrigation and genotypes towards reduction in arsenic load in rice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 609:311-318. [PMID: 28753506 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) bioaccumulation in rice grains has been identified as a major problem in Bangladesh and many other parts of the world. Suitable rice genotypes along with proper water management practice regulating As levels in rice plants must be chosen and implemented. A field study was conducted to investigate the effect of continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation on the bioaccumulation of As in ten rice cultivars at three locations having different levels of soil As and irrigation water As. Results showed that As concentration in different parts of rice plants varied significantly (P<0.0001) with rice genotypes and irrigation practices in the three study locations. Lower levels of As in rice were found in AWD irrigation practice compared to CF irrigation practice. Higher grain As bioaccumulation was detected in plants in areas of high soil As in combination with CF irrigation practice. Our data show that use of AWD irrigation practice with suitable genotypes led to 17 to 35% reduction in grain As level, as well as 7 to 38% increase in grain yield. Overall, this study advances our understanding that, for moderate to high levels of As contamination, the Binadhan-5, Binadhan-6, Binadhan-8, Binadhan-10 and BRRI dhan47 varieties were quite promising to mitigate As induced human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shofiqul Islam
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - M R Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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17
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Jung HI, Lee J, Chae MJ, Kong MS, Lee CH, Kang SS, Kim YH. Growth-inhibition patterns and transfer-factor profiles in arsenic-stressed rice (Oryza sativa L.). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:638. [PMID: 29147882 PMCID: PMC5691118 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) accumulation in rice owing to uptake from the soil is a critical human health issue. Here, we studied the chemical properties of As-treated soils, growth inhibition patterns of As-stressed rice plants, changes in the As content of soil and soil solutions, and the relationship between As accumulation and As transfer factor from the soil to the rice organs. Rice plants were cultivated in a greenhouse under four concentrations of As: 0 (control), 25, 50, and 75 mg kg-1. A significant positive correlation was found between available P2O5 and exchangeable K and between As concentration and available P2O5 or exchangeable K. The As concentration for 50% shoot growth inhibition was 50 mg kg-1. As levels in roots and shoots were positively correlated with the growth stages of rice. The transfer factor (TF)root/soil increased with As concentration at the tillering stage but decreased at the heading stage. TFroot/soil and TFshoot/soil were higher at the heading stage than at the tillering stage. As accumulation in the 25 mg kg-1 treatment was higher during the heading stage, whereas no difference was found at the tillering stage. As accumulation was related to plant biomass and soil As concentration. We found that As accumulation was greater at As concentrations that allowed for plant growth and development. Thus, species-specific threshold concentrations must be determined based on As phytotoxicity for the phytoremediation of As-contaminated soils. Hence, developing practical approaches for managing safe crop production in farmlands with an As contamination of 25 mg kg-1 or less is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Il Jung
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwook Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resource, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Chae
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Suk Kong
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Kang
- R&D Coordination Division, RDA, Jeonju, 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Hak Kim
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Islam S, Rahman MM, Islam MR, Naidu R. Arsenic accumulation in rice: Consequences of rice genotypes and management practices to reduce human health risk. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 96:139-155. [PMID: 27649473 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Rice is an essential staple food and feeds over half of the world's population. Consumption of rice has increased from limited intake in Western countries some 50years ago to major dietary intake now. Rice consumption represents a major route for inorganic arsenic (As) exposure in many countries, especially for people with a large proportion of rice in their daily diet as much as 60%. Rice plants are more efficient in assimilating As into its grains than other cereal crops and the accumulation may also adversely affect the quality of rice and their nutrition. Rice is generally grown as a lowland crop in flooded soils under reducing conditions. Under these conditions the bioavailability of As is greatly enhanced leading to excessive As bioaccumulation compared to that under oxidizing upland conditions. Inorganic As species are carcinogenic to humans and even at low levels in the diet pose a considerable risk to humans. There is a substantial genetic variation among the rice genotypes in grain-As accumulation as well as speciation. Identifying the extent of genetic variation in grain-As concentration and speciation of As compounds are crucial to determining the rice varieties which accumulate low inorganic As. Varietal selection, irrigation water management, use of fertilizer and soil amendments, cooking practices etc. play a vital role in reducing As exposure from rice grains. In the meantime assessing the bioavailability of As from rice is crucial to understanding human health exposure and reducing the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shofiqul Islam
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - M R Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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19
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Effects of Pig Slurry as Basal and Panicle Fertilizer on Trace Element Content and Grain Quality in Direct-Seeding Rice. SUSTAINABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/su8080714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Chen HL, Lee CC, Huang WJ, Huang HT, Wu YC, Hsu YC, Kao YT. Arsenic speciation in rice and risk assessment of inorganic arsenic in Taiwan population. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:4481-4488. [PMID: 26511258 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5623-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the total arsenic content and arsenic speciation in rice to determine the health risks associated with rice consumption in various age-gender subgroups in Taiwan. The average total arsenic levels in white rice and brown rice were 116.6 ± 39.2 and 215.5 ± 63.5 ng/g weight (n = 51 and 13), respectively. The cumulative cancer risk among males was 10.4/100,000. The highest fraction of inorganic/total arsenic content in white rice ranged from 76.9 to 88.2 % and from 81.0 to 96.5 % in brown rice. The current study found different arsenic speciation of rice in southern Taiwan, where the famous blackfoot disease has been reported compared with arsenic speciation from other Taiwan areas. Therefore, rice and other grains should be further monitored in southern Taiwan to evaluate whether arsenic contamination is well controlled in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Ling Chen
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Hazard Prevention, Hung Kuang University, No. 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City, 43302, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Ching-Chang Lee
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Winn-Jung Huang
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ting Huang
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Hazard Prevention, Hung Kuang University, No. 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City, 43302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chen Wu
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Hazard Prevention, Hung Kuang University, No. 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City, 43302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Chen Hsu
- Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Kao
- Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Taiwan
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21
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Shi GL, Zhu S, Bai SN, Xia Y, Lou LQ, Cai QS. The transportation and accumulation of arsenic, cadmium, and phosphorus in 12 wheat cultivars and their relationships with each other. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 299:94-102. [PMID: 26094242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the difference in arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and phosphorus (P) uptake, accumulation, and translocation among 12 wheat cultivars and their relationships with each other in soil "naturally" contaminated with both As and Cd. As, Cd, and P concentrations in wheat grain, straw, and root differed significantly (p<0.05) among the 12 wheat cultivars. The grain As concentration was not correlated with straw and root As, or the total As content in plants, but was significantly (p<0.05) correlated with As translocation factors (TFs), i.e., TFs(Grain/Root) and TFs(Grain/Straw). The grain Cd concentration was positively correlated with the total Cd content and TFs(Grain/Straw). The grain P concentration was positively correlated with straw and root P. Both As and Cd concentrations in wheat grains were correlated with P in wheat straw and grain. Compared with As, Cd was more easily transported to the wheat grain, and the rachis played a key role in ensuring this difference. A significant positive correlation was observed between root As and Cd, but no significant relationship was detected between grain As and Cd concentrations. The lack of a relationship between grain As and Cd suggests the possibility of selecting cultivars in which little As and Cd accumulation occurs in the wheat grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Ling Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shun Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Sheng Nan Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yan Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Lai Qing Lou
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Qing Sheng Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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22
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Joseph T, Dubey B, McBean EA. A critical review of arsenic exposures for Bangladeshi adults. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 527-528:540-551. [PMID: 26004539 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater, the most important source of water for drinking, cooking, and irrigation in Bangladesh, is a significant contributor to the daily human intake of arsenic. Other arsenic intake pathways, established as relevant for Bangladeshi adults through this review, include consumption of contaminated edible plant parts and animal-origin food, inhalation of contaminated air, soil ingestion, betel quid chewing, and tobacco smoking. This review qualifies and quantifies these arsenic intake pathways through analysis of the range of arsenic levels observed in different food types, water, soil, and air in Bangladesh, and highlights the contributions of dietary intake variation and cooking method in influencing arsenic exposures. This study also highlights the potential of desirable dietary patterns and intakes in increasing arsenic exposure which is relevant to Bangladesh where nutritional deficiencies and lower-than-desirable dietary intakes continue to be a major concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijo Joseph
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Brajesh Dubey
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada; Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
| | - Edward A McBean
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
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23
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Su S, Bai L, Wei C, Gao X, Zhang T, Wang Y, Li L, Wang J, Wu C, Zeng X. Is soil dressing a way once and for all in remediation of arsenic contaminated soils? A case study of arsenic re-accumulation in soils remediated by soil dressing in Hunan Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:10309-10316. [PMID: 25712882 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of arsenic (As) re-accumulation in an area previously remediated by soil dressing will help in sustainable controlling the risks of As to local ecosystems and should influence management decisions about remediation strategies. In this study, As content in an area remediated by soil dressing and the possible As accumulation risk in agricultural products were investigated. The results indicated that after 7 years of agricultural activities, the average As content (24.6 mg kg(-1)) in surface soil of the investigated area increased by 83.6% compared with that (13.4 mg kg(-1)) in clean soil. Of the surface soil samples (n = 88), 21.6% had As levels that exceeded the limits of the Environmental Quality Standard for Soils of China (GB 15618-1995) and 98.9% of the surface soil samples with As contents exceeding that in clean soil was observed. Soil dressing might be not a remediation method once and for all in some contaminated areas, even though no significant difference in available As content was found between clean (0.18 mg kg(-1)) and surface (0.22 mg kg(-1)) soils. The foreign As in surface soil of the investigated area mainly specifically sorbed with soil colloid or associated with hydrous oxides of Fe and Al, or existed in residual fraction. The upward movement of contaminated soil from the deeper layers and the atmospheric deposition of slag particles might be responsible for the re-accumulation of As in the investigated area. Decreases in soil pH in the investigated soils and the fact that no plant samples had As levels exceeding the limits of the National Food Safety Standards for Contaminants of China (GB 2762-2012) were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Su
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongguancun South Street No 12, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China,
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Cai QY, Xiao PY, Chen T, Lü H, Zhao HM, Zeng QY, Li YW, Li H, Xiang L, Mo CH. Genotypic variation in the uptake, accumulation, and translocation of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate by twenty cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 116:50-58. [PMID: 25768422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural soil in China contains high levels of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), especially in paddy-field soil of Guangdong province of China, but the accumulation and translocation of DEHP by rice (Oryza sativa L.) remains unknown. In the present study, twenty rice cultivars were cultivated in paddy soil spiked with DEHP, and variations in DEHP accumulation and translocation among various cultivars were investigated. Our results showed that DEHP concentrations in roots and shoots of different rice cultivars at four growth stages (i.e., ripening, tillering, jointing, and flowering stages) varied greatly from 0.26 to 11.8 mg/kg (dry weight, dw) and 0.40 to 7.58 mg/kg (dw), respectively. No obvious change over time was observed. The greatest variation in DEHP concentrations among the rice cultivars occurred at ripening stage, whereas the lowest variation at flowering stage. During ripening stage, the largest variation in DEHP concentrations among cultivars were observed in stems (varying from 0.35 to 13.2 mg/kg), whereas the least one was observed in roots (ranging from 1.01 to 5.72 mg/kg). Significant differences in DEHP concentrations in the roots, stems, leaves and grains of most rice cultivars were found. The translocation factors of DEHP from roots to stems or stems to leaves were higher than those from shoots to grains. Overall, cultivars Tianfengyou 316, Wuyou 308, and Peizataifeng, which contained low levels of DEHP in grains but high levels in shoots, were ideal cultivars for simultaneous production of safe food and phytoremediation of contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Ying Cai
- Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutions, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Pei-Yun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutions, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Waste Reuse in Agriculture of Guangdong Higher Education Institutions, College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Waste Reuse in Agriculture of Guangdong Higher Education Institutions, College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huixiong Lü
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Waste Reuse in Agriculture of Guangdong Higher Education Institutions, College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hai-Ming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutions, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiao-Yun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Waste Reuse in Agriculture of Guangdong Higher Education Institutions, College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutions, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutions, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutions, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutions, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Sauvé S. Time to revisit arsenic regulations: comparing drinking water and rice. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:465. [PMID: 24884827 PMCID: PMC4049411 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current arsenic regulations focus on drinking water without due consideration for dietary uptake and thus seem incoherent with respect to the risks arising from rice consumption. Existing arsenic guidelines are a cost-benefit compromise and, as such, they should be periodically re-evaluated. Discussion Literature data was used to compare arsenic exposure from rice consumption relative to exposure arising from drinking water. Standard risk assessment paradigms show that arsenic regulations for drinking water should target a maximum concentration of nearly zero to prevent excessive lung and bladder cancer risks (among others). A feasibility threshold of 3 μg As l-1 was determined, but a cost-benefit analysis concluded that it would be too expensive to target a threshold below 10 μg As l-1. Data from the literature was used to compare exposure to arsenic from rice and rice product consumption relative to drinking water consumption. The exposure to arsenic from rice consumption can easily be equivalent to or greater than drinking water exposure that already exceeds standard risks and is based on feasibility and cost-benefit compromises. It must also be emphasized that many may disagree with the implications for their own health given the abnormally high cancer odds expected at the cost-benefit arsenic threshold. Summary Tighter drinking water quality criteria should be implemented to properly protect people from excessive cancer risks. Food safety regulations must be put in place to prevent higher concentrations of arsenic in various drinks than those allowed in drinking water. Arsenic concentrations in rice should be regulated so as to roughly equate the risks and exposure levels observed from drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sauvé
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Speciated arsenic concentrations, exposure, and associated health risks for rice and bulgur. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 64:184-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ding C, Zhang T, Wang X, Zhou F, Yang Y, Yin Y. Effects of soil type and genotype on cadmium accumulation by rootstalk crops: implications for phytomanagement. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2014; 16:1018-1030. [PMID: 24933899 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2013.810581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The variations of Cd accumulation in three rootstalk crop species (radish, carrot and potato) were investigated by using twelve cultivars grown in acidic Ferralsols and neutral Cambisols under two Cd treatments (0.3 and 0.6 mg kg(-1)) in a pot experiment The result showed that the total Cd uptake was significantly affected by genotype, soil type and interaction between them, suggesting the importance of selecting proper cultivars for phytoextraction in a given soil type. Among the cultivars tested, potato cultivar Luyin No.1 in Ferralsols and radish cultivar Zhedachang in Cambisols exhibited the highest Cd phytoextraction efficiency in aerial parts (4.45% and 0.59%, respectively) under 0.6 mg kg-1 Cd treatment. Furthermore, the Cd concentrations in their edible parts were below the National Food Hygiene Standard of China (0.1 mg kg(-1), fresh weight). Therefore, phytomanagement of slightly Cd-contaminated soils using rootstalk crops for safe food production combined with long-term phytoextraction was feasible, and potato cultivar Luyin No.1 for Ferralsols and radish cultivar Zhedachang for Cambisols were promising candidates for this approach.
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Nookabkaew S, Rangkadilok N, Mahidol C, Promsuk G, Satayavivad J. Determination of arsenic species in rice from Thailand and other Asian countries using simple extraction and HPLC-ICP-MS analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6991-8. [PMID: 23859827 DOI: 10.1021/jf4014873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to arsenic (As) via rice consumption is of increasing concern. In the present study, the extraction and HPLC-ICP-MS analysis for As speciation in rice were investigated. A simple extraction with water and digestion with α-amylase followed by the analysis using ion-paring mode HPLC separation was developed. The method showed good extraction efficiencies (generally >80%) and column efficiencies (>90%) for rice samples. The optimization of mobile phase showed well separated peaks of As species. The limits of quantification (LOQ) of As(III), As(V), MMA, and DMA that were calculated based on sample mass were 1.6, 2.0, 2.0, and 1.6 μg kg(-1), respectively. A total of 185 rice samples (various types of rice) collected from different four regions in Thailand and some other Asian countries were analyzed. The total As and inorganic As in rice samples were in the ranges of 22.51-375.39 and 13.89-232.62 μg kg(-1), respectively. The estimated weekly intake of inorganic As from rice by Thai people accounted for 13.91-29.22% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumontha Nookabkaew
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute (CRI), Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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Spanu A, Daga L, Orlandoni AM, Sanna G. The role of irrigation techniques in arsenic bioaccumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:8333-8340. [PMID: 22765219 DOI: 10.1021/es300636d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation of arsenic compounds in rice is of great concern worldwide because rice is the staple food for billions of people and arsenic is one of the most toxic and carcinogenic elements at even trace amounts. The uptake of arsenic compounds in rice comes mainly from its interaction with system soil/water in the reducing conditions typical of paddy fields and is influenced by the irrigation used. We demonstrate that the use of sprinkler irrigation produces rice kernels with a concentration of total arsenic about fifty times lower when compared to rice grown under continuous flooding irrigation. The average total amount of arsenic, measured by a fully validated ICP-MS method, in 37 rice grain genotypes grown with sprinkler irrigation was 2.8 ± 2.5 μg kg(-1), whereas the average amount measured in the same genotypes grown under identical conditions, but using continuous flooding irrigation was 163 ± 23 μg kg(-1). In addition, we find that the average concentration of total arsenic in rice grains cultivated under sprinkler irrigation is close to the total arsenic concentration found in irrigation waters. Our results suggest that, in our experimental conditions, the natural bioaccumulation of this element in rice grains may be completely circumvented by adopting an appropriate irrigation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Spanu
- Dipartimento Agraria, Università di Sassari, Via De Nicola 1, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
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