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Shi G, Hou R, Fu Q, Li T, Chen Q. Effects of biochar and compost on microbial community assembly and metabolic processes in glyphosate, imidacloprid and pyraclostrobin polluted soil under freezethaw cycles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134397. [PMID: 38677114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Biochar and organic compost are widely used in agricultural soil remediation as soil immobilization agents. However, the effects of biochar and compost on microbial community assembly processes in polluted soil under freezingthawing need to be further clarified. Therefore, a freezethaw cycle experiment was conducted with glyphosate (herbicide), imidacloprid (insecticide) and pyraclostrobin (fungicide) polluted to understand the effect of biochar and compost on microbial community assembly and metabolic behavior. We found that biochar and compost could significantly promote the degradation of glyphosate, imidacloprid and pyraclostrobin in freezethaw soil decrease the half-life of the three pesticides. The addition of immobilization agents improved soil bacterial and fungal communities and promoted the transformation from homogeneous dispersal to homogeneous selection. For soil metabolism, the combined addition of biochar and compost alleviated the pollution of glyphosate, imidacloprid and imidacloprid to soil through up-regulation of metabolites (DEMs) in amino acid metabolism pathway and down-regulation of DEMs in fatty acid metabolism pathway. The structural equation modeling (SEM) results showed that soil pH and DOC were the main driving factors affecting microbial community assembly and metabolites. In summary, the combined addition of biochar and compost reduced the adverse effects of pesticides residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Shi
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Renjie Hou
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Tianxiao Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Qingshan Chen
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
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Liu Y, Liu W, Li M, Liu S, Peng D, Zhao F, Wu X, Tan H. Biodegradation characteristics and mechanism of terbuthylazine by the newly isolated Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain AT13. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 456:131664. [PMID: 37224716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Terbuthylazine (TBA) is an emerging environmental contaminant that poses moderate to high risk to non-target organisms. In this study, a newly TBA-degrading strain, Agrobacterium rhizogenes AT13, was isolated. This bacterium degraded 98.7% of TBA (100 mg/L) within 39 h. Based on the six detected metabolites, three novel pathways of strain AT13, including dealkylation, deamination-hydroxylation, and ring-opening reactions, were proposed. The risk assessment demonstrated that most degradation products might be substantially less harmful than TBA. Whole-genome sequencing and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that ttzA, which encodes S-adenosylhomocysteine deaminase (TtzA), is closely related to TBA degradation in AT13. Recombinant TtzA showed 75.3% degradation of 50 mg/L of TBA within 13 h and presented a Km value of 0.299 mmol/L and a Vmax value of 0.041 mmol/L/min. The molecular docking results indicated that the binding energy of TtzA to TBA was -32.9 kcal/mol and TtzA residue ASP161 formed two hydrogen bonds with TBA at distances of 2.23 and 1.80 Å. Moreover, AT13 efficiently degraded TBA in water and soil. Overall, this study provides a foundation for the characterization and mechanism of TBA biodegradation and may enhance our understanding of the TBA biodegradation by microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghao Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiling Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingjiao Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huihua Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China.
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Carniel LSC, Niemeyer JC, de Oliveira Filho LCI, Alexandre D, Gebler L, Klauberg-Filho O. Are there any risks of the disposal of pesticide effluents in soils? Biobed system meets ecotoxicology ensuring safety to soil fauna. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:1409-1421. [PMID: 32803564 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The biobed is a purification system, which reduces soil pollution for receiving pesticide residues from handling and washing machinery in agricultural areas. The aims of this study were (1) to assess ecotoxicity effects over time to soil fauna, posed by Lorsban® 480 BR (Chlorpyrifos) and Dithane® NT (Mancozeb) residues when disposed of in a biobed system compared with two subtropical soils, and (2) to assess ecotoxicity effects over time to soil fauna simulating an accidental spillage with Lorsban® 480 BR at the biobed. A semi-field experiment was conducted for 420 days in southern Brazil, testing continuous disposal of washing pulverization tanks in biobeds, Typic Haploperox or Typic Hapludults. In addition, different biobeds received a single dose (1 L) of Lorsban® 480 BR to simulate an accidental spillage. Chronic ecotoxicity tests were performed using Folsomia candida, Eisenia andrei, and Enchytraeus crypticus in different sampling times for both experiments. F. candida was the most sensitive species. The biobed system was able to eliminate effects from residues of both pesticides over time in all species, which did not happen in both natural soils. In accidental spillage simulation, even 420 days after contamination, F. candida did not show reproduction. The biobeds can be a feasible alternative for the disposal and treatment residues of pesticides, also for handling and washing pesticides activities. The system was efficient in promoting degradation and reducing ecotoxicity effects posed by Lorsban® 480 BR and Dithane® NT for soil fauna. It is a safe alternative to avoid soil contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Scopel Camargo Carniel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo (PPGCS), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC Lages), Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil
- Regulatory Ecotoxicology, BASF S.A., São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Carina Niemeyer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecossistemas Agrícolas e Naturais (PPGEAN), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Curitibanos, SC, 89520-000, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Iuñes de Oliveira Filho
- Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-000, Brazil
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC Oeste), Chapecó, SC, 89815-630, Brazil
| | - Douglas Alexandre
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo (PPGCS), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC Lages), Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil
| | - Luciano Gebler
- Embrapa Uva e Vinho, BR 285, Km 115, POB 177, Vacaria, RS, 95200-970, Brazil
| | - Osmar Klauberg-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo (PPGCS), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC Lages), Lages, SC, 88520-000, Brazil.
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Adak T, Mahapatra B, Swain H, Patil NB, Pandi G GP, Gowda GB, Annamalai M, Pokhare SS, Meena K S, Rath PC, Jena M. Indigenous biobed to limit point source pollution of imidacloprid in tropical countries. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 272:111084. [PMID: 32854888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Point pollution of pesticides originating from the washing of spraying machines could be controlled by biobed system and it is in use in temperate countries. The biobed system is yet to be established in tropical countries. An indigenous biobed system was prepared using local resources like rice straw, farm yard manures (FYM) and paddy field soil to suit the tropical climate. Lowermost 3 cm layer of the biobed system was filled with rice husk biochar to prevent leaching of pesticides from the system. This model system was tested with high doses of imidacloprid (178 mg/column), a commonly used pesticide against number of insect-pests in different crops, for its degradation. The bio-mix trapped a major part of the imidacloprid on the top most layer of the biobed column and only a very small part of imidacloprid recovered from the leachate. The biobed system could degrade 70.13% of applied imidacloprid within 15 days of the experiment and only 5.27% of the total pesticide recovered 90 days after incubation. Addition of biochar layer adsorbed imidacloprid from the outgoing leachate from the biobed column. Biomixture boosted microbial activity more particularly fungal population, which might be responsible for imidacloprid degradation. Microbial biomass carbon, and soil enzymes indicated faster dissipation of imidacloprid from the top layer of the biobed. This simple but efficient biobed system using local resources can fulfill the need of the small and marginal farmers of Asian countries for pesticide decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Totan Adak
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (formerly Central Rice Research Institute), Cuttack, 753006, India.
| | - Bibhab Mahapatra
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (formerly Central Rice Research Institute), Cuttack, 753006, India
| | - Harekrushna Swain
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (formerly Central Rice Research Institute), Cuttack, 753006, India
| | - Naveenkumar B Patil
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (formerly Central Rice Research Institute), Cuttack, 753006, India
| | - Guru P Pandi G
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (formerly Central Rice Research Institute), Cuttack, 753006, India
| | - G Basana Gowda
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (formerly Central Rice Research Institute), Cuttack, 753006, India
| | - M Annamalai
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (formerly Central Rice Research Institute), Cuttack, 753006, India
| | - Somnath S Pokhare
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (formerly Central Rice Research Institute), Cuttack, 753006, India
| | - Sankari Meena K
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (formerly Central Rice Research Institute), Cuttack, 753006, India
| | - P C Rath
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (formerly Central Rice Research Institute), Cuttack, 753006, India
| | - Mayabini Jena
- Crop Protection Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (formerly Central Rice Research Institute), Cuttack, 753006, India
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Báez ME, Espinoza J, Fuentes E. Degradation kinetics of chlorpyrifos and diazinon in volcanic and non-volcanic soils: influence of cyclodextrins. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:25020-25035. [PMID: 29934831 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of insecticides such as chlorpyrifos (CPF) and diazinon (DZN) in the agricultural activities worldwide has produced contamination of soils and/or transport to non-target areas including their distribution to surface and groundwaters. Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been proposed as an alternative in remediation technologies based on the separation of contaminants from soils because they could allow a higher bioavailability for their degradation with a low environmental impact. In this work, the degradation pattern of CPF and DZN and the formation and dissipation of the major degradation products 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) and 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol (IMPH) was established in four agricultural volcanic and non-volcanic soils belonging to Andisol, Ultisol, and Mollisol orders. Both pesticides were highly adsorbed in these soils, consequently, with a greater probability of contaminating them. In contrast, the adsorption of their two main metabolites was low or null; therefore, they are potential groundwater contaminants. The degradation processes were studied in the natural and amended soils with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Mβ-CD) for CPF and DZN, respectively. A slow degradation of CPF and DZN was obtained for volcanic soils with observable residues until the end of the incubation time (150-180 days). In Mollisols, the higher degradation rate of CPF was favored by the neutral to basic pH, and for DZN it was related to the lower adsorption and higher bioavailability. The amendment of soils with CDs produced slower degradation rates which led to a greater concentration of the compounds at the end of the incubation time. This effect was more pronounced for DZN. The exception was the Andisol, with no significant changes for both compounds regarding the unamended soil. No residues of TCP were observed for this soil in both conditions during the whole incubation time; nevertheless, the accumulation of TCP was significant in the Ultisol and Mollisols, but the concentrations were lower for the amended soils. The accumulation of IMPH was important in Mollisol amended soils; however, their residues were observed in the volcanic soils during the whole incubation period in the natural and amended soils. An important enhancement of the microbial activity occurred in the system β-CD/CPF in Mollisols, without a more effective degradation of the insecticide. The opposite effect was observed in the system Mβ-CD/DZN mainly in the oxidative activity in all soils. The higher degradation of DZN and IMPH in natural Mollisols was related to the higher hydrolytic and oxidative activities. The stability of the inclusion complexes formed could play an important role for explaining the results obtained with the amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Báez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone Pohlhammer 1007, 8380000, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Jeannette Espinoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone Pohlhammer 1007, 8380000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Edwar Fuentes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone Pohlhammer 1007, 8380000, Santiago, Chile
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Rodríguez-Castillo G, Molina-Rodríguez M, Pérez-Villanueva M, Masís-Mora M, Rodríguez-Rodríguez CE. Removal of Two Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Mineralization of 14C-Imidacloprid in Biomixtures. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 101:137-143. [PMID: 29858622 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination with neonicotinoid insecticides represents an issue of wide concern due to their negative effects on pollinators. The goal of this work was to evaluate the potential use of biomixtures employed in biopurification systems (BPS) to remove two neonicotinoid pesticides, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, from wastewater of agricultural origin. The removal was assayed by quantification of the parent compounds and the detection of putative transformation products of imidacloprid by means of LC-MS/MS, and mineralization of radiolabeled imidacloprid. Two biomixtures (B1, B2) were prepared using coconut fiber, compost and two soils pre-exposed to imidacloprid (volumetric composition 50:25:25). After spiking of neonicotinoids and 228 days of treatment, the removal ranged from 22.3%-30.3% and 38.6%-43.7% for imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, respectively. Transformation products imidacloprid-urea, desnitro-imidacloprid and desnitro-olefin-imidacloprid were detected in both biomixtures. The mineralization of 14C-imidacloprid revealed DT50 (mineralization half-lives) values of 3466 and 7702 days in the biomixtures B1 and B2, respectively, markedly lower than those in the soil used in their preparation (8667 and 9902 days, respectively). As demonstrated by these findings, the high persistence of these compounds in the BPS suggests that additional biological (or physicochemical) approaches should be explored in order to decrease the impact of neonicotinoid-containing wastewater of agricultural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Rodríguez-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Marvin Molina-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Marta Pérez-Villanueva
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Mario Masís-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Carlos E Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 2060, Costa Rica.
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Vareli CS, Pizzutti IR, Gebler L, Cardoso CD, Gai DS, Fontana ME. Analytical method validation to evaluate dithiocarbamates degradation in biobeds in South of Brazil. Talanta 2018; 184:202-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tasca AL, Puccini M, Fletcher A. Terbuthylazine and desethylterbuthylazine: Recent occurrence, mobility and removal techniques. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:94-104. [PMID: 29554512 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide terbuthylazine (TBA) has displaced atrazine in most of EU countries, becoming one of the most regularly used pesticides and, therefore, frequently detected in natural waters. The affinity of TBA for soil organic matter suggests prolonged contamination; degradation leads to the release of the metabolite desethylterbuthylazine (DET), which has higher water solubility and binds more weakly to organic matter compared to the parent compound, resulting in higher associated risk for contamination of groundwater resources. Additionally, TBA and DET are chemicals of emerging concern because of their persistence and toxicity towards aquatic organisms; moreover, they are known to have significant endocrine disruption capacity to wildlife and humans. Conventional treatments applied during drinking water production do not lead to the complete removal of these chemicals; activated carbon provides the greatest efficiency, whereas ozonation can generate by-products with comparable oestrogenic activity to atrazine. Hydrogen peroxide alone is ineffective to degrade TBA, while UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation and photocatalysis are the most effective processes for oxidation of TBA. It has been determined that direct photolysis gives the highest degradation efficiency of all UV/H2O2 treatments, while most of the photocatalytic degradation is attributed to OH radicals, and TiO2 solar-photocatalytic ozonation can lead to almost complete TBA removal in ∼30 min. Constructed wetlands provide a valuable buffer capacity, protecting downstream surface waters from contaminated runoff. TBA and DET occurrence are summarized and removal techniques are critically evaluated and compared, to provide the reader with a comprehensive guide to state-of-the-art TBA removal and potential future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Luca Tasca
- Civil and Industrial Engineering Department, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Monica Puccini
- Civil and Industrial Engineering Department, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ashleigh Fletcher
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XJ, UK
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Alternative Approaches to Determine the Efficiency of Biomixtures Used for Pesticide Degradation in Biopurification Systems. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7425-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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10
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Zhang Z, Yang H, Gao Z, Yuan Y, Dong J, Wang Y, Yue T. Identification, Synthesis, and Safety Assessment of Thidiazuron [1-Phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thidiazol-5-yl)urea] and Its Metabolites in Kiwifruits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:11273-11279. [PMID: 29144740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The quality of kiwifruit became worse as a result of the abuse of plant growth regulators (PGRs). The safety of the fruits treated with PGRs also worried consumers. Therefore, the present study analyzed the structure of thidiazuron [TDZ, (1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thidiazol-5-yl)-urea)] (1) and its metabolites of biotransformation in kiwifruits using liquid chromatography hybrid ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-IT-TOF-MS). Standard compounds were also synthesized and used for structural identification of those metabolites. In addition, cytotoxicity of TDZ and its metabolites was tested through sulforhodamine B assays against normal Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Four metabolites were identified. They were 4-hydroxy-thidiazuron (2), 3-hydroxy-thidiazuron (3), thidiazuron-4-O-β-d-glucoside (4), and thidiazuron-3-O-β-d-glucoside (5). Values of IC50 of compounds 1, 2, and 3 to CHO cells were 18.3 ± 1.8, 37.56 ± 1.5, and 23.36 ± 1.59 μM, respectively. Compounds 4 and 5 had no effect on CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihua Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhong Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture ,Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling) , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Dong
- Shimadzu International Trading , Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture ,Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling) , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
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Lizano-Fallas V, Masís-Mora M, Espinoza-Villalobos D, Lizano-Brenes M, Rodríguez-Rodríguez CE. Removal of pesticides and ecotoxicological changes during the simultaneous treatment of triazines and chlorpyrifos in biomixtures. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:106-113. [PMID: 28494353 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biopurification systems constitute a biological approach for the treatment of pesticide-containing wastewaters produced in agricultural activities, and contain an active core called biomixture. This work evaluated the performance of a biomixture to remove and detoxify a combination of three triazine herbicides (atrazine/terbuthylazine/terbutryn) and one insecticide (chlorpyrifos), and this efficiency was compared with dissipation in soil alone. The potential enhancement of the process was also assayed by bioaugmentation with the ligninolytic fungi Trametes versicolor. Globally, the non-bioaugmented biomixture exhibited faster pesticide removal than soil, but only in the first stages of the treatment. After 20 d, the largest pesticide removal was achieved in the biomixture, while significant removal was detected only for chlorpyrifos in soil. However, after 60 d the removal values in soil matched those achieved in the biomixture for all the pesticides. The bioaugmentation failed to enhance, and even significantly decreased the biomixture removal capacity. Final removal values were 82.8% (non-bioaugmented biomixture), 43.8% (fungal bioaugmented biomixture), and 84.7% (soil). The ecotoxicological analysis revealed rapid detoxification (from 100 to 170 TU to <1 TU in 20 d) towards Daphnia magna in the biomixture and soil, and slower in the bioaugmented biomixture, coinciding with pesticide removal. On the contrary, despite important herbicide elimination, no clear detoxification patterns were observed in the phytotoxicity towards Lactuca sativa. Findings suggest that the proposed biomixture is useful for fast removal of the target pesticides; even though soil also removes the agrochemicals, longer periods would be required. On the other hand, the use of fungal bioaugmentation is discouraged in this matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Lizano-Fallas
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mario Masís-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - David Espinoza-Villalobos
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Michelle Lizano-Brenes
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Carlos E Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica.
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Scherr KE, Bielská L, Kosubová P, Dinisová P, Hvězdová M, Šimek Z, Hofman J. Occurrence of Chlorotriazine herbicides and their transformation products in arable soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 222:283-293. [PMID: 28024812 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlorotriazine herbicides (CTs) are widely used pest control chemicals. In contrast to groundwater contamination, little attention has been given to the circumstances of residue formation of parent compounds and transformation products in soils. Seventy-five cultivated floodplain topsoils in the Czech Republic were sampled in early spring of 2015, corresponding to a minimum of six months (current-use terbuthylazine, TBA) and a up to a decade (banned atrazine, AT and simazine, SIM) after the last herbicide application. Soil residues of parent compounds and nine transformation products were quantified via multiple residue analysis using liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry of acetonitrile partitioning extracts (QuEChERS). Using principal component analysis (PCA), their relation to soil chemistry, crops and environmental parameters was determined. Of the parent compounds, only TBA was present in more than one sample. In contrast, at least one CT transformation product, particularly hydroxylated CTs, was detected in 89% of the sites, or 54% for banned triazines. Deethylated and bi-dealkylated SIM or AT residues were not detectable. PCA suggests the formation and/or retention of CT hydroxy-metabolite residues to be related to low soil pH, and a direct relation between TBA and soil organic carbon, and between deethyl-TBA and clay or Ca contents, respectively, the latter pointing towards distinct sorption mechanisms. The low historic application of simazine contrasted by the high abundance of its residues, and the co-occurrence with AT residues suggests the post-ban application of AT and SIM banned triazines as a permitted impurity of TBA formulations as a recent, secondary source. The present data indicate that topsoils do not contain abundant extractable residues of banned parent chlorotriazines, and are thus likely not the current source for related ground- and surface water contamination. In contrast, topsoils might pose a long-term source of TBA and CT transformation products for ground and surface water contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin E Scherr
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czechia; Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Lucie Bielská
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Petra Kosubová
- Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Hroznová 2, Brno, 603 00, Czechia
| | | | - Martina Hvězdová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Zdeněk Šimek
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Jakub Hofman
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czechia
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13
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Development of analytical methodologies to assess recalcitrant pesticide bioremediation in biobeds at laboratory scale. Talanta 2016; 153:17-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Papadopoulou ES, Lagos S, Spentza F, Vidiadakis E, Karas PA, Klitsinaris T, Karpouzas DG. The dissipation of fipronil, chlorpyrifos, fosthiazate and ethoprophos in soils from potato monoculture areas: first evidence for the enhanced biodegradation of fosthiazate. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:1040-1050. [PMID: 26261048 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A limited number of pesticides are available for the control of soil pests in potato. This, together with the monoculture nature of potato cultivation, does not favour chemical rotation, increasing the risk of reduced biological efficacy due to microbial adaptation. The dissipation of three major organophosphates (chlorpyrifos, ethoprophos and fosthiazate) was studied in comparison with fipronil, an insecticide recently introduced in potato cultivation, in 17 soils from potato monoculture areas in Greece to explore the extent of enhanced biodegradation development. RESULTS The dissipation time of the four pesticides varied in the different soils, with DT50 values of 1.7-30.8 days, 2.7-56 days, 7.0-31.0 days and 24.5-116.5 days for fosthiazate, chlorpyrifos, ethoprophos and fipronil, respectively. A rapid dissipation of ethoprophos and fosthiazate in two soils with previous exposure to these nematicides provided first evidence for the development of enhanced biodegradation. Sterilisation of the given soils inhibited the dissipation of fosthiazate. Additionally, fosthiazate dissipation in the soils increased upon repeated applications. CONCLUSION The development of enhanced biodegradation of fosthiazate in soils from potato monoculture regions was verified. This is the first report of enhanced biodegradation for this chemical. Further studies will focus on the isolation of microorganisms responsible for the dissipation of fosthiazate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stathis Lagos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Flora Spentza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Evangelos Vidiadakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiotis A Karas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios G Karpouzas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Deng Y, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Zhao Y, Ren H. Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by the chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl metabolite, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, in orally exposed mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:507-514. [PMID: 26674679 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) is a primary degradation product of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl. TCP has longer half-life in soil and greater solubility in water than its parent compound, and cause wide contamination in environments. However, studies about the toxic effects of TCP are limited and outdate. In this study, 5 mg/kg/day, 50 mg/kg/day, and 150 mg/kg/day TCP were given to male mice through gavage for four weeks. As a result, the final body weights of TCP treated groups were significantly lower than control, and the relative organ weights of the liver and kidney were significantly higher than that of control. In addition, NMR-based metabolomics was used to investigate the toxic effects of TCP. It was found that a total of 39 serum metabolites were significantly changed in the TCP-treated groups, and these metabolites are related to hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. These results were also confirmed by histopathology, serum biochemical, and oxidative stress analysis. In addition, metabolic disturbances due to TCP exposure were also observed based on altered metabolites. As far as we know, these results are the first to show the metabolomic toxicity of TCP, which warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Yifeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yanping Zhao
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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Pinto AP, Rodrigues SC, Caldeira AT, Teixeira DM. Exploring the potential of novel biomixtures and Lentinula edodes fungus for the degradation of selected pesticides. Evaluation for use in biobed systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:1372-1381. [PMID: 26479911 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An approach to reduce the contamination of water sources with pesticides is the use of biopurificaction systems. The active core of these systems is the biomixture. The composition of biomixtures depends on the availability of local agro-industrial wastes and design should be adapted to every region. In Portugal, cork processing is generally regarded as environmentally friendly and would be interesting to find applications for its industry residues. In this work the potential use of different substrates in biomixtures, as cork (CBX); cork and straw, coat pine and LECA (Light Expanded Clay Aggregates), was tested on the degradation of terbuthylazine, difenoconazole, diflufenican and pendimethalin pesticides. Bioaugmentation strategies using the white-rot fungus Lentinula edodes inoculated into the CBX, was also assessed. The results obtained from this study clearly demonstrated the relevance of using natural biosorbents as cork residues to increase the capacity of pesticide dissipation in biomixtures for establishing biobeds. Furthermore, higher degradation of all the pesticides was achieved by use of bioaugmented biomixtures. Indeed, the biomixtures inoculated with L. edodes EL1 were able to mineralize the selected xenobiotics, revelling that these white-rot fungi might be a suitable fungus for being used as inoculum sources in on-farm sustainable biopurification system, in order to increase its degradation efficiency. After 120 days, maximum degradation of terbuthylazine, difenoconazole, diflufenican and pendimethalin, of bioaugmented CBX, was 89.9%, 75.0%, 65.0% and 99.4%, respectively.. The dominant metabolic route of terbuthylazine in biomixtures inoculated with L. edodes EL1 proceeded mainly via hydroxylation, towards production of terbuthylazine-hydroxy-2 metabolite. Finally, sorption process to cork by pesticides proved to be a reversible process, working cork as a mitigating factor reducing the toxicity to microorganisms in the biomixture, especially in the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Pinto
- Chemistry Department of Science and Technology School, Évora University, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal; ICAAM - Institute of Mediterranean Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Évora University, Portugal.
| | - S C Rodrigues
- Chemistry Department of Science and Technology School, Évora University, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - A T Caldeira
- Chemistry Department of Science and Technology School, Évora University, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal; HERCULES Laboratory, Évora University, Portugal
| | - D M Teixeira
- Chemistry Department of Science and Technology School, Évora University, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal; HERCULES Laboratory, Évora University, Portugal
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Cardinali A, Pizzeghello D, Zanin G. Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Succession in Different Substrates as Affected by the Co-Application of Three Pesticides. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145501. [PMID: 26694029 PMCID: PMC4687828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In intensive agriculture areas the use of pesticides can alter soil properties and microbial community structure with the risk of reducing soil quality. Materials and Methods In this study the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) evolution has been studied in a factorial lab experiment combining five substrates (a soil, two aged composts and their mixtures) treated with a co-application of three pesticides (azoxystrobin, chlorotoluron and epoxiconazole), with two extraction methods, and two incubation times (0 and 58 days). FAMEs extraction followed the microbial identification system (MIDI) and ester-linked method (EL). Results and Discussion The pesticides showed high persistence, as revealed by half-life (t1/2) values ranging from 168 to 298 days, which confirms their recalcitrance to degradation. However, t1/2 values were affected by substrate and compost age down to 8 days for chlorotoluron in S and up to 453 days for epoxiconazole in 12M. Fifty-six FAMEs were detected. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the EL method detected a higher number of FAMEs and unique FAMEs than the MIDI one, whereas principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted that the monosaturated 18:1ω9c and cyclopropane 19:0ω10c/19ω6 were the most significant FAMEs grouping by extraction method. The cyclopropyl to monoenoic acids ratio evidenced higher stress conditions when pesticides were applied to compost and compost+soil than solely soil, as well as with final time. Conclusion Overall, FAMEs profiles showed the importance of the extraction method for both substrate and incubation time, the t1/2 values highlighted the effectiveness of solely soil and the less mature compost in reducing the persistence of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cardinali
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, DAFNAE, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università, 16–35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Diego Pizzeghello
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, DAFNAE, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università, 16–35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giuseppe Zanin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, DAFNAE, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università, 16–35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Chin-Pampillo JS, Ruiz-Hidalgo K, Masís-Mora M, Carazo-Rojas E, Rodríguez-Rodríguez CE. Adaptation of biomixtures for carbofuran degradation in on-farm biopurification systems in tropical regions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:9839-9848. [PMID: 25647489 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A biomixture constitutes the active core of the on-farm biopurification systems, employed for the detoxification of pesticide-containing wastewaters. As biomixtures should be prepared considering the available local materials, the present work aimed to evaluate the performance of ten different biomixtures elaborated with by-products from local farming, in the degradation of the insecticide/nematicide carbofuran (CFN), in order to identify suitable autochthonous biomixtures to be used in the tropics. Five different lignocellulosic materials mixed with either compost or peat and soil were employed in the preparation of the biomixtures. The comprehensive evaluation of the biomixtures included removal of the parent compound, formation of transformation products, mineralization of radiolabeled CFN, and determination of the residual toxicity of the process. Detoxification capacity of the matrices was high, and compost-based biomixtures showed better performance than peat-based biomixtures. CFN removal over 98.5% was achieved within 16 days (eight out of ten biomixtures), with half-lives below 5 days in most of the cases. 3-Hydroxycarbofuran and 3-ketocarbofuran were found as transformation products at very low concentrations suggesting their further degradation. Mineralization of CFN was also achieved after 64 days (2.9 to 15.1%); several biomixtures presented higher mineralization than the soil itself. Acute toxicity determinations with Daphnia magna revealed a marked detoxification in the matrices at the end of the process; low residual toxicity was observed only in two of the peat-based biomixtures. Overall best efficiency was achieved with the biomixture composed of coconut fiber-compost-soil; however, results suggest that in the case of unavailability of coconut fiber, other biomixtures may be employed with similar performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Salvador Chin-Pampillo
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
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Rojas R, Vanderlinden E, Morillo J, Usero J, El Bakouri H. Characterization of sorption processes for the development of low-cost pesticide decontamination techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 488-489:124-135. [PMID: 24830926 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption/desorption behavior of four pesticides (atrazine, alachlor, endosulfan sulfate and trifluralin) in aqueous solutions onto four adsorbents (sunflower seed shells, rice husk, composted sewage sludge and soil) was investigated. Pesticide determination was carried out using stir bar sorptive extraction and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. Maximum removal efficiency (73.9%) was reached using 1 g of rice husk and 50 mL of pesticide solution (200 μg L(-1)). The pseudo adsorption equilibrium was reached with 0.6 g organic residue, which was used in subsequent experiments. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order kinetics and the intra-particle diffusion models were used to describe the kinetic data and rate constants were evaluated. The first model was more suitable for the sorption of atrazine and alachlor while the pseudo-second-order best described endosulfan sulfate and trifluralin adsorption, which showed the fastest sorption rates. 4h was considered as the equilibrium time for determining adsorption isotherms. Experimental data were modeled by Langmuir and Freundlich models. In most of the studied cases both models can describe the adsorption process, although the Freundlich model was applicable in all cases. The sorption capacity increased with the hydrophobic character of the pesticides and decreased with their water solubility. Rice husk was revealed as the best adsorbent for three of the four studied pesticides (atrazine, alachlor and endosulfan sulfate), while better results were obtained with composted sewage sludge and sunflower seed shell for the removal of trifluralin. Although desorption percentages were not high (with the exception of alachlor, which reached a desorption rate of 57%), the Kfd values were lower than the Kf values for adsorption and all H values were below 100, indicating that the adsorption was weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Rojas
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain.
| | - Eva Vanderlinden
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - José Morillo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - José Usero
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Hicham El Bakouri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain
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Catabolism of terbuthylazine by mixed bacterial culture originating from s-triazine-contaminated soil. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:7223-32. [PMID: 24788365 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5774-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The s-triazine herbicide terbuthylazine (TERB) has been used as the main substitute of atrazine in many EU countries for more than 10 years. However, the ecological consequences of this substitution are still not fully understood. Since the fate of triazine herbicides is primarily dependent on microbial degradation, in this paper, we investigated the ability of a mixed bacterial culture, M3-T, originating from s-triazine-contaminated soil, to degrade TERB in liquid culture and soil microcosms. The M3-T culture grown in mineral medium with TERB as the N source and citrate as the C source degraded 50 mg L(-1) of TERB within 3 days of incubation. The culture was capable of degrading TERB as the sole C and N source, though at slower degradation kinetics. A thorough LC-MS analysis of the biodegradation media showed the formation of hydroxyterbuthylazine (TERB-OH) and N-t-butylammelide (TBA) as major metabolites, and desethylterbuthylazine (DET), hydroxydesethylterbuthylazine (DET-OH) and cyanuric acid (CA) as minor metabolites in the TERB degradation pathway. TBA was identified as a bottleneck in the catabolic pathway leading to its transient accumulation in culture media. The supplementation of glucose as the exogenous C source had no effect on TBA degradation, whereas citrate inhibited its disappearance. The addition of M3-T to sterile soil artificially contaminated with TERB at 3 mg kg(-1) of soil resulted in an accelerated TERB degradation with t 1/2 value being about 40 times shorter than that achieved by the native microbial community. Catabolic versatility of M3-T culture makes it a promising seed culture for accelerating biotransformation processes in s-triazine-contaminated environment.
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