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Alayu E, Leta S. Evaluation of irrigation suitability potential of brewery effluent post treated in a pilot horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system: implications for sustainable urban agriculture. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07129. [PMID: 34136695 PMCID: PMC8180603 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of untreated or partially treated wastewater reuse for urban and peri-urban agricultural irrigation is a common practice in developing countries like Ethiopia. Such practices, however, pose significant environmental and public health risks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the irrigation suitability of anaerobic digestion brewery effluent (ADBE) and two-stage horizontal subsurface constructed wetland post-treated ADBE (CWPBE). A series of pot experiments were conducted in a plastic - greenhouse system arranged in three sets of irrigation schemes: Treatment Group1 (TG1): municipal pipe tap water (MPTW) irrigated pots; Treatment Group2 (TG2): ADBE irrigated pots, and Treatment Group3 (TG3): CWPBE irrigated pots. Pots packed with the same amount of sandy clay loam soil and local tomato seeds sown were irrigated following an updated tomato irrigation schedule derived from the FAO CROPWAT stimulation model for 120 days. The findings from key irrigation water quality parameters showed that the CWPBE achieved the prescribed irrigation water standards with values of pH (7.4 ± 0.15), electrical conductivity (1.9 ± 0.11 dS.m-1), total suspended solids (25 ± 4.17 mgL-1), chemical oxygen demand (185.1 ± 1.66 mgL-1), total nitrogen (17.4 ± 0.7 mgL-1), total phosphorous (8.8 ± 0.26 mgkg-1), calcium (10.5 ± 3.6 mgkg-1), magnesium (4.9 ± 0.98 mgkg-1), sodium (4.4 ± 1.51 mgkg-1), potassium (2.3 ± 1.15 mgkg-1), sodium adsorption ratio (1.6 ± 0.34), and total coliform (8 ± 0.16×10-5 CFU/100 mL). Moreover, tomato plants grown in TG3 attained higher growth such as number of leaves (85.6 ± 4.68), plant height (92.2 ± 1.29 cm), stem diameter (13.1 ± 2.35 cm) and leaf area (35.5 ± 1.03 cm2) as well as higher biomass (61.2 ± 1.33 kgm-2) and fruit (46.4 ± 3.51 kgm-2) yields over other treatment groups. The results revealed that irrigation waters significantly improved both growth and yield parameters of tomato plants with the ascending order of TG1 < TG2 < TG3. Moreover, CWPBE showed minima short-term residual effect on soil physicochemical properties as compared to ADBE, and thus, it has potential suitability for agricultural irrigation reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermias Alayu
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Assosa University, P. O. Box 18, Assosa, Ethiopia
| | - Seyoum Leta
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Corresponding author.
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Alayu E, Leta S. Post treatment of anaerobically treated brewery effluent using pilot scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:8. [PMID: 38650181 PMCID: PMC10973755 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-00356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The anaerobic process is considered to be a sustainable technology for the treatment of wastewaters rich in organic matter mainly due to its lower energy consumption and production of value-added products such as biogas and organic fertilizer. However, it cannot be seen as providing 'complete' environmental solution as its treated effluents would typically not meet the desired discharge limits in terms of residual carbon, nutrients and other pollutants. This has given impetus to subsequent post treatment in order to meet the environmental standards and protect the receiving water bodies and environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-treatment potential of a pilot scale two-stage horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSFCW) system planted with Cyperus alternifolius and Typha latifolia, respectively, for enhanced removal of residual carbon and nutrient from an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treated brewery effluent. A pilot scale two-stage HSSFCW was integrated with the UASB reactor, and its performance efficiency was assessed for the removal of total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), total phosphorous (TP), and orthophosphate (PO43-). Macrophytes aboveground biomass and nutrient accumulation potential were also determined following standard methods. The results from this study showed that Cyperus alternifolius planted CW cell removed 68.5% TSS, 74.2% COD, 55.7% TN, 68.6% NH4-N, 41.1% TP and 48.1% PO43-. Moreover, further polishing with Typha latifolia planted CW cell enhanced the removal efficiencies to 89% TSS, 92% COD, 83.6% TN, 92.9% NH4-N, 74.4% TP, and 79.5% PO43-. Strong linearity and Pearson correlation was found between macrophyte biomass and nutrient accumulation in each CW cell (Cyperus alternifolius: R2 = 0.91, r = 0.97 for TN; R2 = 0.92, r = 0.96 for TP; and Typha latifolia: R2 = 0.96, r = 0.98 for TN and TP), and showed substantial nutrient reduction with cumulative nutrient accumulation of 1290 gTNm-2 and 708.7 gTPm-2 in the complete system. The performance of the pilot CW system as a tertiary treatment for brewery wastewater showed that the effluent meets the permissible discharge standards throughout the year excluding phosphorous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermias Alayu
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Science, Addis Ababa University, Arat kilo campus, Post - Graduate building, 6th floor, P.O.Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Assosa University, P.O.Box 18, Assosa, Ethiopia
| | - Seyoum Leta
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Science, Addis Ababa University, Arat kilo campus, Post - Graduate building, 6th floor, P.O.Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Yabuki LNM, Nogueira EW, Damianovic MHRZ, Menegário AA, Garcia ML. MONITORAMENTO E REMOÇÃO DE METAIS EM UM REATOR ANAERÓBIO APLICADO AO TRATAMENTO DE DRENAGEM ÁCIDA DE MINA. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ENGENHARIA DE BIOSSISTEMAS 2020. [DOI: 10.18011/bioeng2020v14n4p389-401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Uma forma eficiente de tratar efluentes provindos de drenagem ácida de mina (DAM), frente aos tratamentos convencionais de neutralização da acidez, é por meio da aplicação de processos biológicos anaeróbios que utilizam bactérias redutoras de sulfato (BRS) apresentando remoção de sulfato, alcalinização do meio e precipitação de metais. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o monitoramento da concentração total dos metais Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, V, W e Zn e a avaliação das respectivas eficiências de remoção destes metais em um reator de leito fixo-estruturado e fluxo descendente (DFSBR), utilizado para tratar efluentes oriundos de DAM sintética rica em sulfato. A digestão anaeróbia empregada para o tratamento de DAM obteve um elevado desempenho com eficiências médias de remoção, nas Fases de II a IV, de 92 ± 4, 87 ± 8, 71 ± 21, 61 ± 24, 92 ± 4 e 86 ± 8 para Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni e Zn, respectivamente. O tratamento anaeróbico de DAM pelo reator DFSBR revela-se como uma alternativa promissora para a remoção de metais, além da redução de sulfato e elevação do pH, de acordo com as condições descritas neste estudo, e uma opção promissora e complementar para a remoção de manganês, comumente considerado de difícil remoção em DAMs reais, empregando processos físico-químicos convencionais.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. N. M. Yabuki
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas (IGCE), Av. 24 A, 1515 - Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - E. W. Nogueira
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Laboratório de Processos Biológicos (LPB), Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC), Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina, Bloco 4-F, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - M. H. R. Z. Damianovic
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Laboratório de Processos Biológicos (LPB), Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC), Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina, Bloco 4-F, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - A. A. Menegário
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Centro de Estudos Ambientais (CEA), Av. 24 A, 1515 - Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - M. L. Garcia
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas (IGCE), Av. 24 A, 1515 - Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
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Tufaner F. Post-treatment of effluents from UASB reactor treating industrial wastewater sediment by constructed wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:912-920. [PMID: 30122146 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1514073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of water quality parameters by wetland systems is an increasingly global practice. In the present study, the utilization of a treatment method comprising of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by a surface flow (SF) and a vertical flow (VF) wetland (hybrid wetland) in the arrangement has been tested experimentally. Lemna minor was used in wetland units at a planting density about 3 kg wet m-2. The UASB reactor effluents were diluted with tap water to keep the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) at about 1000 mg L-1 and then fed semi-continuously to lab-scale hybrid wetland system. Removal efficiency ranged from 80 to 93% treatment for COD and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), about 92-98% for total phosphorus (TP) treatment and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and except Hg (approximately 83%), heavy metal removal was over 90%. Post-treatment of UASB reactor effluents with hybrid wetland provided a high COD, BOD5, TKN, ammonia-nitrogen, TP and phosphate-phosphorus removal and efficiently removed heavy metals (Hg, Cr, Zn, Al, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb and Ni). In addition to this, the bioconcentration factor of these heavy metals by the L. minor was also studied in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Tufaner
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
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Zhao M, Wang S, Wang H, Qin P, Yang D, Sun Y, Kong F. Application of sodium titanate nanofibers as constructed wetland fillers for efficient removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:938-946. [PMID: 30861416 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands are an environmentally friendly and economically efficient sewage treatment technology, with fillers playing an important role in treatment processes. However, traditional wetland fillers (e.g. zeolite) are known to be imperfect because of their low adsorption capacity. In this paper, the adsorbent sodium titanate nano fillers (T3-F) was synthesized as an alternative to traditional filler with sodium titanate nanofibers (T3) as the raw material, epoxy adhesive as the adhesive agent and NH4HCO3 as the pore-making agent. The properties of T3-F were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), porosity. The effect of different parameters such as pH, co-existing ions, contact time, initial metal ion concentrations and temperature was investigated for heavy metal adsorption. The results showed that the adsorption of heavy metal by T3-F followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacities for Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ were about 1.5-1.98 mmol/g, which were 4-5 times that of zeolite, the traditional commonly used filler. Moreover, T3-F could entrap toxic ions irreversibly and maintain structural stability in the adsorption process, which solved the issue of secondary pollution. In the presence of competing ions, the adsorption efficiency for Pb2+ was not reduced significantly. Adsorption was strongest at high pH. From the results and characterization, an adsorption mechanism was suggested. This study lays a foundation for the practical application of T3-F as a constructed wetland filler in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Peirui Qin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Dongjiang Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Fanlong Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fiber, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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Braga AFM, Zaiat M, Silva GHR, Fermoso FG. Metal fractionation in sludge from sewage UASB treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 193:98-107. [PMID: 28192741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the trace metal composition and fractionation in sludge samples from anaerobic sewage treatment plants from six cities in Brazil. Ten metals were evaluated: Ni, Mn, Se, Co, Fe, Zn, K, Cu, Pb and Cr. Specific methanogenic activity of the sludge was also evaluated using acetic acid as the substrate. Among the essential trace metals for anaerobic digestion, Se, Zn, Ni and Fe were found at a high percentage in the organic matter/sulfide fraction in all sludge samples analyzed. These metals are less available for microorganisms than other metals, i.e., Co and K, which were present in significant amounts in the exchangeable and carbonate fractions. Cu is not typically reported as an essential metal but as a possible inhibitor. One of the samples showed a total Cu concentration close to the maximal amount allowed for reuse as fertilizer. Among the non-essential trace metals, Pb was present in all sludge samples at similar low concentrations and was primarily present in the residual fraction, demonstrating very low availability. Cr was found at low concentrations in all sludge samples, except for the sludge from STP5; interestingly, this sludge presented the lowest specific methanogenic activity, indicating possible Cr toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F M Braga
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Engenharia Ambiental - Bloco 4-F, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - M Zaiat
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Engenharia Ambiental - Bloco 4-F, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - G H R Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, 17033-360, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - F G Fermoso
- Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Ctra. de Utrera, Km. 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
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Bioelectrochemical Systems for Heavy Metal Removal and Recovery. SUSTAINABLE HEAVY METAL REMEDIATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58622-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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de la Varga D, Ruiz I, Álvarez JA, Soto M. Methane and carbon dioxide emissions from constructed wetlands receiving anaerobically pretreated sewage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 538:824-833. [PMID: 26342902 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine methane and carbon dioxide emissions from a hybrid constructed wetland (CW) treating anaerobically pre-treated sewage. The CW was constituted of two horizontal flow (free water surface followed by a subsurface) units. A long-term study was carried out as both CW units were monitored for three campaigns in Period 1 (0.9-1.5years after start-up), and four campaigns in Period 2 (4.5-5.8years after start-up). The closed chamber method with collecting surfaces of 1810cm(2) was used. For this system, variability due to position in the transverse section of CW, plant presence or absence and recommended sampling period was determined. Overall methane emissions ranged from 96 to 966mgCH4m(-2) d(-1), depending on several factors as the operation time, the season of the year and the position in the system. Methane emissions increased from 267±188mgCH4m(-2)d(-1) during the second year of operation to 543±161mgCH4m(-2)d(-1) in the sixth year of operation. Methane emissions were related to the age of the CW and the season of the year, being high in spring and becoming lower from spring to winter. Total CO2 emissions ranged mostly from 3500 to 5800mgCO2m(-2)d(-1) during the sixth year of operation, while nitrous oxide emissions were below the detection limit of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- D de la Varga
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering I, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga no 10, 15008 A Coruña, Galiza, Spain
| | - I Ruiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering I, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga no 10, 15008 A Coruña, Galiza, Spain
| | - J A Álvarez
- AIMEN Technology Center, C/. Relva, 27 A - Torneiros, Porriño, Pontevedra 36410, Spain
| | - M Soto
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering I, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga no 10, 15008 A Coruña, Galiza, Spain.
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Constructed Wetlands Integrated with Advanced Oxidation Processes in Wastewater Treatment for Reuse. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2015_372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wang H, Ren ZJ. Bioelectrochemical metal recovery from wastewater: a review. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 66:219-232. [PMID: 25216302 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal contaminated wastewater posts great health and environmental concerns, but it also provides opportunities for precious metal recovery, which may potentially make treatment processes more cost-effective and sustainable. Conventional metal recovery technologies include physical, chemical and biological methods, but they are generally energy and chemical intensive. The recent development of bioelectrochemical technology provides a new approach for efficient metal recovery, because it offers a flexible platform for both oxidation and reduction reaction oriented processes. While dozens of recent studies demonstrated the feasibility of the bioelectrochemical metal recovery concept, the mechanisms have been different and confusing. This study provides a review that summarizes and discusses the different fundamental mechanisms of metal conversion, with the aim of facilitating the scientific understanding and technology development. While the general approach of bioelectrochemical metal recovery is using metals as the electron acceptor in the cathode chamber and organic waste as the electron donor in the anode chamber, there are so far four mechanisms that have been reported: (1) direct metal recovery using abiotic cathodes; (2) metal recovery using abiotic cathodes supplemented by external power sources; (3) metal conversion using bio-cathodes; and (4) metal conversion using bio-cathodes supplemented by external power sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Wang
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Zhiyong Jason Ren
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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