1
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Couto P, Brustello M, Albanez R, Rodrigues J, Zaiat M, Ribeiro R. Calibration of ADM1 using the Monte Carlo Markov Chain for modeling of anaerobic biodigestion of sugarcane vinasse in an AnSBBR. Chem Eng Res Des 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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2
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Mota VT, Zaiat M. Two- vs. single-stage anaerobic reactors: evaluation of effluent quality and energy production potential using sucrose-based wastewater. Water Sci Technol 2018; 78:1966-1979. [PMID: 30566100 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two- and single-stage anaerobic treatment systems were assessed for treatment performance and for bioenergy production from sucrose-based wastewater. In the two-stage system, a hydrogen-producing upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (HU reactor) was used in the acidogenic phase. The methanogenic reactor of the two-stage system (MF reactor) and the single-stage reactor (SSF reactor) were structured fixed-bed reactors. The two-stage system showed superior performance, evidenced by lower organic acids, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solids concentrations in the effluent, and higher biogas methane content and yield. Continuous and stable H2 production was obtained in the acidogenic reactor. At the end of operation, the organic loading rates applied to the two- and single-stage systems were 6.4 and 5.2 gCOD L-1 d-1, respectively. Under these conditions, the effluent soluble COD and volatile suspended solids (VSS) concentrations were 165 and 92 mg L-1 in the two-stage system, and 256 and 244 mg L-1 in the single-stage system, respectively. The energy yield of the two-stage system was 20.69 kJ g-1CODadded, which was 34% higher than the yield of the single-stage system. The sequencing analyses showed that the archaeal distribution changed little between the inoculum and sludge from the MF reactor, in which acetoclastic Methanosaeta was predominant. However, hydrogenotrophic Methanospirillum was found most, followed by Methanosaeta, in the sludge from the SSF reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T Mota
- Biological Processes Laboratory (LPB), Department of Hydraulics and Sanitary Engineering (SHS), São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos, São Paulo 13563-120, Brazil E-mail: ;
| | - M Zaiat
- Biological Processes Laboratory (LPB), Department of Hydraulics and Sanitary Engineering (SHS), São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos, São Paulo 13563-120, Brazil E-mail: ;
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3
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Guerrero RBS, Zaiat M. Wastewater post-treatment for simultaneous ammonium removal and elemental sulfur recovery using a novel horizontal mixed aerobic-anoxic fixed-bed reactor configuration. J Environ Manage 2018; 215:358-365. [PMID: 29579728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel horizontal mixed anoxic-aerobic fixed-bed reactor configuration based on nitrification coupled with autotrophic denitrification using hydrogen sulfide as an electron donor was developed. The nitrification removal efficiency (RE) reached values greater than 99% but was slightly affected by the accumulation of dissolved sulfur species in the liquid phase. The denitrification RE reached 99% with a H2S inlet load of 28.6 g S m-3 h-1, although the use of aluminum polychloride (PAC) as a sulfur coagulant in the anoxic zone affected the buffering capacity of the system and resulted in a decrease in the RE. The performance of the reactor was primarily affected by the buffering capacity of the system, and this effect could be controlled with an increase in the NaHCO3 concentration. The recovery of biogenic elemental sulfur was possible using PAC as a coagulant, although the solid collected at the bottom of the settling tank contained only 1.5% S0.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B S Guerrero
- Biological Process Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (EESC/USP), Av. João Dagnone, 1100-Santa Angelina, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - M Zaiat
- Biological Process Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (EESC/USP), Av. João Dagnone, 1100-Santa Angelina, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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4
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Pérez-Pérez T, Pereda-Reyes I, Pozzi E, Oliva-Merencio D, Zaiat M. Performance and stability of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor modified with zeolite addition subjected to step increases of organic loading rate (OLR) and to organic shock load (OSL). Water Sci Technol 2018; 77:39-50. [PMID: 29339602 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper shows the effect of organic shock loads (OSLs) on the anaerobic digestion (AD) of synthetic swine wastewater using an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor modified with zeolite. Two reactors (R1 and R2), each with an effective volume of 3.04 L, were operated for 180 days at a controlled temperature of 30 °C and hydraulic retention time of 12 h. In the case of R2, 120 g of zeolite was added. The reactors were operated with an up-flow velocity of 6 m/h. The evolution of pH, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was monitored during the AD process with OSL and increases in the organic loading rate (OLR). In addition, the microbial composition and changes in the structure of the bacterial and archaeal communities were assessed. The principal results demonstrate that the presence of zeolite in an EGSB reactor provides a more stable process at higher OLRs and after applying OSL, based on both COD and VFA accumulation, which presented with significant differences compared to the control. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis band profiles indicated differences in the populations of Bacteria and Archaea between the R1 and R2 reactors, attributed to the presence of zeolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pérez-Pérez
- Institute of Animal Science (ICA), San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba; Process Engineering Centre, Universidad Tecnológica de La Habana 'José Antonio Echeverría' (Cujae), 11901, 114 Street, Marianao, Havana, Cuba E-mail:
| | - I Pereda-Reyes
- Process Engineering Centre, Universidad Tecnológica de La Habana 'José Antonio Echeverría' (Cujae), 11901, 114 Street, Marianao, Havana, Cuba E-mail:
| | - E Pozzi
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Engenharia Ambiental - Bloco 4-F, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - D Oliva-Merencio
- Study Centre of Renewable Energy Technologies, Universidad Tecnológica de La Habana 'José Antonio Echeverría' (Cujae), 11901, 114 Street, Marianao, Havana, Cuba
| | - M Zaiat
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Engenharia Ambiental - Bloco 4-F, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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5
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Mota VT, Ferraz Júnior ADN, Trably E, Zaiat M. Biohydrogen production at pH below 3.0: Is it possible? Water Res 2018; 128:350-361. [PMID: 29121503 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological hydrogen production was investigated in continuous acidogenic reactors fed with sucrose at 30 °C without pH control. In the first experimental phase, three reactors were compared: a structured fixed-bed (FB), a granular UASB (UG) and a flocculent UASB (UF-1). They were run at 3.3 h HRT and 33 gCOD L-1d-1 OLR. Hydrogen production occurred throughout the experimental period with an average effluent pH of only 2.8. The FB, UG and UF-1 reactors presented volumetric hydrogen production rates (VHPR) of 95 ± 69, 45 ± 37 and 54 ± 32 mLH2 L-1h-1, respectively; and H2 yields (HY) of 1.5 ± 0.8, 0.8 ± 0.6 and 1.2 ± 0.7 molH2 mol-1 sucroseconsumed, respectively. The UF-1 reactor showed intermediate VHPR and HY, but no declining trend, contrary to what was observed in the FB reactor. Thus, aiming at continuous and long-term H2 production, a flocculent UASB was applied in the second experimental phase. In this phase, the HRT of the acidogenic reactor, which was named UF-2, was raised to 4.6 h, resulting in an OLR of 25 gCOD L-1d-1. The VHPR and the HY increased considerably to 175 ± 44 mLH2 L-1h-1 and 3.4 ± 0.7 molH2 mol-1 sucroseconsumed, respectively. These improvements were accompanied by greater sucrose removal, higher suspended biomass concentration, less production of lactate and more of acetate, and high ethanol concentration. Contradicting the current published literature data that reports strong inhibition of H2 production by dark fermentation at pH less than 4.0, the UF-2 reactor presented stable, long-term H2 production with satisfactory yields at pH 2.7 on average. 16 S rDNA sequencing revealed that two sequences assigned as Ethanoligenens and Clostridium accounted for over 70% of the microbiota in all the reactors. The non-necessity of adding alkalizing agents and the successful H2 production under very acid conditions, demonstrated in this study, open a new field of investigation in biological hydrogen production by dark fermentation towards a more sustainable and feasible technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T Mota
- LPB, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitary Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil.
| | - A D N Ferraz Júnior
- CTBE, CNPEM, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro 10000, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - E Trably
- LBE, INRA, Univ Montpellier, 11100, Narbonne, France
| | - M Zaiat
- LPB, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitary Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil
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6
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Oliveira GHD, Santos-Neto AJ, Zaiat M. Removal of the veterinary antimicrobial sulfamethazine in a horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor subjected to step changes in the applied organic loading rate. J Environ Manage 2017; 204:674-683. [PMID: 28957708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A bench-scale horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor treating synthetic swine wastewater was operated under different applied organic loading rates (OLR) through both variations in feed strength and in hydraulic retention time (HRT). The influence of step changes in OLR on the removal of the veterinary antimicrobial sulfamethazine (SMZ) was assessed. The highest observed SMZ removal efficiency, 75 ± 6%, was achieved with an OLR of 2.7 ± 0.4 kg O2 m-3 d-1 when a significant increase in COD removal rate was observed. The SMZ removal rate was positively correlated (r = 0.899) to the COD removal rate in all of the experimental conditions in which the HRT was kept at 24 h, indicating a cometabolic transformation of the antimicrobial. Decreasing the HRT caused a significant decrease in SMZ removal efficiency without affecting the HAIB reactor performance in terms of stability, COD removal or metabolic intermediates production. Functionally equivalent steady states were observed in four different operational phases with similar operating conditions but with widely different behavior in relation to SMZ removal. The experimental results showed the potential of anaerobic technology in removing environmentally relevant concentrations of SMZ, and the possibility of enhancing reactor performance by controlling operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H D Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biological Processes, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 1100, João Dagnone Ave., Santa Angelina, 13563-120, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - A J Santos-Neto
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (USP), 400, Trabalhador São-Carlense Ave., 13566-590, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Zaiat
- Laboratory of Biological Processes, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 1100, João Dagnone Ave., Santa Angelina, 13563-120, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Lovato G, Lazaro C, Zaiat M, Ratusznei S, Rodrigues J. Biohydrogen production by co-digesting whey and glycerin in an AnSBBR: Performance optimization, metabolic pathway kinetic modeling and phylogenetic characterization. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Rampello G, Zaiat M, Leonardi P, Guida L, Benenati S, Vitiello R, Perticone S, Titone V, Possumato R, Siddi V, Grisetti R. The evolution of palliative care from the oncology patient to the chronic illness. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx436.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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9
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Almeida WA, Ratusznei SM, Zaiat M, Rodrigues JAD. AnSBBR applied to biomethane production for vinasse treatment: effects of organic loading, feed strategy and temperature. Braz J Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20170343s20150584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Zaiat
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Cabrera-Díaz A, Pereda-Reyes I, Oliva-Merencio D, Lebrero R, Zaiat M. Anaerobic Digestion of Sugarcane Vinasse Through a Methanogenic UASB Reactor Followed by a Packed Bed Reactor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:1127-1145. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2488-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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11
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Braga AFM, Zaiat M, Silva GHR, Fermoso FG. Metal fractionation in sludge from sewage UASB treatment. J Environ Manage 2017; 193:98-107. [PMID: 28192741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the trace metal composition and fractionation in sludge samples from anaerobic sewage treatment plants from six cities in Brazil. Ten metals were evaluated: Ni, Mn, Se, Co, Fe, Zn, K, Cu, Pb and Cr. Specific methanogenic activity of the sludge was also evaluated using acetic acid as the substrate. Among the essential trace metals for anaerobic digestion, Se, Zn, Ni and Fe were found at a high percentage in the organic matter/sulfide fraction in all sludge samples analyzed. These metals are less available for microorganisms than other metals, i.e., Co and K, which were present in significant amounts in the exchangeable and carbonate fractions. Cu is not typically reported as an essential metal but as a possible inhibitor. One of the samples showed a total Cu concentration close to the maximal amount allowed for reuse as fertilizer. Among the non-essential trace metals, Pb was present in all sludge samples at similar low concentrations and was primarily present in the residual fraction, demonstrating very low availability. Cr was found at low concentrations in all sludge samples, except for the sludge from STP5; interestingly, this sludge presented the lowest specific methanogenic activity, indicating possible Cr toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F M Braga
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Engenharia Ambiental - Bloco 4-F, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - M Zaiat
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Engenharia Ambiental - Bloco 4-F, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - G H R Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, 17033-360, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - F G Fermoso
- Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Ctra. de Utrera, Km. 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
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12
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Araujo Junior MMD, Gaudencio BO, Ayabe DN, Zaiat M. EVALUATION OF AN INNOVATIVE ANAEROBIC BIOREACTOR WITH FIXED-STRUCTURED BED (ABFSB) FOR BREWERY WASTEWATER TREATMENT. Braz J Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20160334s20150288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Cabrera-Díaz A, Pereda-Reyes I, Dueñas-Moreno J, Véliz-Lorenzo E, Díaz-Marrero MA, Menéndez-Gutiérrez CL, Oliva-Merencio D, Zaiat M. COMBINED TREATMENT OF VINASSE BY AN UPFLOW ANAEROBIC FILTER-REACTOR AND OZONATION PROCESS. Braz J Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20160334s20150268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Cabrera-Díaz
- Universidad Tecnológica de La Habana José Antonio Echeverría, Cuba
| | - I. Pereda-Reyes
- Universidad Tecnológica de La Habana José Antonio Echeverría, Cuba
| | - J. Dueñas-Moreno
- Universidad Tecnológica de La Habana José Antonio Echeverría, Cuba
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14
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Rampello G, Grisetti R, Zaiat M, Leonardi P, Siddi V. Hospice palliative sedation in non-cancer patient: what symptoms to palliate? Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw345.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Rodriguez RP, Vich DV, Garcia ML, Varesche MBA, Zaiat M. Application of horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass reactor for bioremediation of acid mine drainage. J Water Health 2016; 14:399-410. [PMID: 27280606 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2015.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The production of low-pH effluent with sulfate and metals is one of the biggest environmental concerns in the mining industry. The biological process for sulfate reduction has the potential to become a low-cost solution that enables the recovery of interesting compounds. The present study analyzed such a process in a horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor, employing ethanol as the carbon and energy source. Results showed that a maximal efficiency in the removal of sulfate and ethanol could only be obtained by reducing the applied sulfate load (225.1 ± 38 g m(-3) d(-1)). This strategy led to over 75% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sulfate removal. Among the COD/SO4(2-) studied ratios, 0.67 showed the most promising performance. The effluent's pH has naturally remained between 6.8 and 7.0 and the complete oxidation of the organic matter has been observed. Corrections of the influent pH or effluent recirculation did not show any significant effect on the COD and sulfate removal efficiency. Species closely related to strains of Clostridium sp. and species of Acidaminobacter hydrogenomorfans and Fusibacter paucivorans that can be related to the process of sulfate reduction were found in the HAIB reactors when the initial pH was 5 and the COD/SO4(2-) ratio increased to 1.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Rodriguez
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICT), Campus Poços de Caldas, Rodovia José Aurélio Vilela, 11.999, CEP: 37715-400, Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil E-mail:
| | - D V Vich
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC), Centro de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Engenharia Ambiental, Laboratório de Processos Biológicos, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, CEP: 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - M L Garcia
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Petrologia e Metalogenia, Av. 24A 1515, CEP: 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - M B A Varesche
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC), Centro de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Engenharia Ambiental, Laboratório de Processos Biológicos, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, CEP: 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - M Zaiat
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC), Centro de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação em Engenharia Ambiental, Laboratório de Processos Biológicos, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, CEP: 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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16
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Valdés F, Camiloti PR, Rodriguez RP, Delforno TP, Carrillo-Reyes J, Zaiat M, Jeison D. Sulfide-oxidizing bacteria establishment in an innovative microaerobic reactor with an internal silicone membrane for sulfur recovery from wastewater. Biodegradation 2016; 27:119-30. [PMID: 27003697 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-016-9760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel bioreactor, employing a silicone membrane for microaeration, was studied for partial sulfide oxidation to elemental sulfur. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using an internal silicone membrane reactor (ISMR) to treat dissolved sulfide and to characterize its microbial community. The ISMR is an effective system to eliminate sulfide produced in anaerobic reactors. Sulfide removal efficiencies reached 96 % in a combined anaerobic/microaerobic reactor and significant sulfate production did not occur. The oxygen transfer was strongly influenced by air pressure and flow. Pyrosequencing analysis indicated various sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) affiliated to the species Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Sulfuricurvum kujiense and Pseudomonas stutzeri attached to the membrane and also indicated similarity between the biomass deposited on the membrane wall and the biomass drawn from the material support, supported the establishment of SOB in an anaerobic sludge under microaerobic conditions. Furthermore, these results showed that the reactor configuration can develop SOB under microaerobic conditions and can improve and reestablish the sulfide conversion to elemental sulfur.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Valdés
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - P R Camiloti
- Biological Processes Laboratory, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Engenharia Ambiental - Bloco 4-F, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - R P Rodriguez
- Science and Technology Institute, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rodovia José Aurélio Vilela, 11999, Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil
| | - T P Delforno
- Biological Processes Laboratory, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Engenharia Ambiental - Bloco 4-F, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - J Carrillo-Reyes
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José, 2055, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - M Zaiat
- Biological Processes Laboratory, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Engenharia Ambiental - Bloco 4-F, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - D Jeison
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
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17
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Lima DMF, Lazaro CZ, Rodrigues JAD, Ratusznei SM, Zaiat M. Optimization performance of an AnSBBR applied to biohydrogen production treating whey. J Environ Manage 2016; 169:191-201. [PMID: 26751813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the influence of the influent concentration of substrate, feeding time and temperature on the production of biohydrogen from cheese whey in an AnSBBR with liquid phase recirculation. The highest hydrogen yield (0.80 molH2.molLactose(-1)) and productivity (660 mLH2 L(-1) d(-1)) were achieved for influent concentrations of 5400 mgDQO L(-1). No significant difference was noted in the biological hydrogen production for the feeding time conditions analyzed. The lowest temperature tested (15 °C) promoted the highest hydrogen yield and productivity (1.12 molH2 molLactose(-1) and 1080 mLH2 L(-1) d(-1)), and for the highest temperature (45 °C), hydrogen production did not occur. The indicator values for the hydrogen production obtained with this configuration were higher than those obtained in other studies using traditional configurations such as UASBr and CSTR. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the majority of the analyzed clones were similar to Clostridium. In addition, clones phylogenetically similar to the Lactobacilaceae family, notably Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and clones with similar sequences to Acetobacter indonesiensis were observed in small proportion in the reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M F Lima
- Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, CEP 13.566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - C Z Lazaro
- Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, CEP 13.566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - J A D Rodrigues
- Escola de Engenharia Mauá (EEM), Instituto Mauá de Tecnologia (IMT), Praça Mauá 1, CEP 09.580-900, São Caetano do Sul, SP, Brazil.
| | - S M Ratusznei
- Escola de Engenharia Mauá (EEM), Instituto Mauá de Tecnologia (IMT), Praça Mauá 1, CEP 09.580-900, São Caetano do Sul, SP, Brazil
| | - M Zaiat
- Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, CEP 13.566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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González-Suárez A, Pereda-Reyes I, Pozzi E, da Silva AJ, Oliva-Merencio D, Zaiat M. Effect of Natural Mineral on Methane Production and Process Stability During Semi-Continuous Mono-Digestion of Maize Straw. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 178:1522-33. [PMID: 26728653 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of natural mineral on the mono-digestion of maize straw was evaluated in continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) at 38 °C. Different strategies of mineral addition were studied. The organic loading rate (OLR) was varied from 0.5 to 2.5 g volatile solid (VS) L(-1) d(-1). A daily addition of 1 g mineral L(-1) in reactor 2 (R2) diminished the methane production by about 11 % with respect to the initial phase. However, after a gradual addition of mineral, an average methane yield of 257 NmL CH4 g VS(-1) was reached and the methane production was enhanced by 30 % with regard to R1. An increase in the frequency of mineral addition did not enhance the methane production. The archaeal community was more sensitive to the mineral than the bacterial population whose similarity stayed high between R1 and R2. Significant difference in methane yield was found for both reactors throughout the operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A González-Suárez
- Study Center for Process Engineering (CIPRO), Instituto Superior Politécnico "José Antonio Echeverría" (Cujae), 11901, 114 Street, Marianao, Havana, Cuba.
| | - I Pereda-Reyes
- Study Center for Process Engineering (CIPRO), Instituto Superior Politécnico "José Antonio Echeverría" (Cujae), 11901, 114 Street, Marianao, Havana, Cuba
| | - E Pozzi
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - A José da Silva
- School of Agricultural Engineering (FEAGRI), University of Campinas, Cândido Rondon, 501, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - D Oliva-Merencio
- Study Center for Renewable Energy Technology (Ceter), Instituto Superior Politécnico "José Antonio Echeverría" (Cujae), 11901, 114 Street, Marianao, Havana, Cuba
| | - M Zaiat
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Oliveira GHD, Santos-Neto AJ, Zaiat M. Evaluation of sulfamethazine sorption and biodegradation by anaerobic granular sludge using batch experiments. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 39:115-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Albanez R, Chiaranda BC, Ferreira RG, França ALP, Honório CD, Rodrigues JAD, Ratusznei SM, Zaiat M. Anaerobic Biological Treatment of Vinasse for Environmental Compliance and Methane Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:21-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Moraes BS, Triolo JM, Lecona VP, Zaiat M, Sommer SG. Biogas production within the bioethanol production chain: Use of co-substrates for anaerobic digestion of sugar beet vinasse. Bioresour Technol 2015; 190:227-234. [PMID: 25958146 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioethanol production generates large amounts of vinasse, which is suitable for biogas production. In this study, the anaerobic digestion of sugar beet vinasse was optimised using continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTR) supplemented either with lime fertiliser or with 3% cow manure. In both reactors, the C/N ratio was adjusted by adding straw. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) of vinasse was 267.4±4.5LCH4kgVS(-1). Due to the low content of macro- and micronutrients and low C/N ratio of vinasse, biogas production failed when vinasse alone was fed to the reactor. When co-substrate was added, biogas production achieved very close to the BMP of vinasse, being 235.7±32.2LCH4kgVS(-1) from the fertiliser supplied reactor and 265.2±26.8LCH4kgVS(-1) in manure supplied reactor at steady state. Anaerobic digestion was the most stable when cow manure was supplied to digestion of vinasse.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Moraes
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia, P.O. Box 6170, Campinas, São Paulo 13083 - 970, Brazil.
| | - J M Triolo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - V P Lecona
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - M Zaiat
- Biological Processes Laboratory (LPB), Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering (CPDI-EA), São Carlos Engineering School (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, São Paulo 13563 - 120, Brazil
| | - S G Sommer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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Lima DMF, Inoue RK, Rodrigues JAD, Ratusznei SM, Zaiat M. BIOHYDROGEN FROM CHEESE WHEY TREATMENT IN AN AnSBBR: ACHIEVING PROCESS STABILITY. Braz J Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20150322s00003342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - M. Zaiat
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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23
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Lovato G, Moncayo Bravo IS, Ratusznei SM, Rodrigues JAD, Zaiat M. The effect of organic load and feed strategy on biohydrogen production in an AnSBBR treating glycerin-based wastewater. J Environ Manage 2015; 154:128-137. [PMID: 25721980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (AnSBBR) with recirculation of the liquid phase (at 30 °C with 3.5 L of working volume and treating 1.5 L per cycle) treating pure glycerin-based wastewater was applied to biohydrogen production. The applied volumetric organic load (AVOL) ranged from 7.7 to 17.1 kgCOD m(-3) d(-1), combining different influent concentrations (3000, 4000 and 5000 mgCOD L(-1)) and cycle lengths (4 and 3 h). The feed strategy used was to maintain the feeding time equal to half of the cycle time. The increase in the influent concentration and the decrease in cycle length improved the molar yield and molar productivity of hydrogen. The highest productivity (100.8 molH2 m(-3) d(-1)) and highest yield of hydrogen per load removed (20.0 molH2 kgCOD(-1)) were reached when the reactor operated with an AVOL of 17.1 kgCOD m(-3) d(-1), with 68% of H2 and only 3% of CH4 in its biogas. It was also found that pretreatment of the sludge/inoculum does not influence the productivity/yield of the process and the use of crude industrial glycerin-based wastewater in relation to the pure glycerol-based wastewater substantially decreased the production and composition of the hydrogen produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lovato
- Hydraulics and Sanitation Department, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (SHS/EESC/USP), Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, CEP 13.566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - I S Moncayo Bravo
- Hydraulics and Sanitation Department, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (SHS/EESC/USP), Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, CEP 13.566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - S M Ratusznei
- Mauá School of Engineering, Mauá Institute of Technology (EEM/IMT), Praça Mauá 1, CEP 09.580-900, São Caetano do Sul, SP, Brazil
| | - J A D Rodrigues
- Mauá School of Engineering, Mauá Institute of Technology (EEM/IMT), Praça Mauá 1, CEP 09.580-900, São Caetano do Sul, SP, Brazil.
| | - M Zaiat
- Hydraulics and Sanitation Department, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (SHS/EESC/USP), Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, CEP 13.566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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24
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Contrera RC, Silva KCDC, Silva GHR, Morita DM, Zaiat M, Schalch V. THE "CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND / TOTAL VOLATILE ACIDS" RATIO AS AN ANAEROBIC TREATABILITY INDICATOR FOR LANDFILL LEACHATES. Braz J Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20150321s00003024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - M. Zaiat
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil
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25
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Silva AJ, Pozzi E, Foresti E, Zaiat M. The influence of the buffering capacity on the production of organic acids and alcohols from wastewater in anaerobic reactor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:2258-65. [PMID: 25480346 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1424-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Some bacteria common in anaerobic digestion process can ferment a broad variety of organic compounds to organic acids, alcohols, and hydrogen, which can be used as biofuels. Researches are necessary to control the microbial interactions in favor of the alcohol production, as intermediary products of the anaerobic digestion of organic compounds. This paper reports on the effect of buffering capacity on the production of organic acids and alcohols from wastewater by a natural mixed bacterial culture. The hypothesis tested was that the increase of the buffering capacity by supplementation of sodium bicarbonate in the influent results in benefits for alcohol production by anaerobic fermentation of wastewater. When the influent was not supplemented with sodium bicarbonate, the chemical oxygen demand (COD)-ethanol and COD-methanol detected in the effluent corresponded to 22.5 and 12.7 % of the COD-sucrose consumed. Otherwise, when the reactor was fed with influent containing 0.5 g/L of sodium bicarbonate, the COD-ethanol and COD-methanol were effluents that corresponded to 39.2 and 29.6 % of the COD-sucrose consumed. Therefore, the alcohol production by supplementation of the influent with sodium bicarbonate was 33.6 % higher than the fermentation of the influent without sodium bicarbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Silva
- School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil,
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26
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Bravo ISM, Lovato G, Rodrigues JAD, Ratusznei SM, Zaiat M. Biohydrogen Production in an AnSBBR Treating Glycerin-Based Wastewater: Effects of Organic Loading, Influent Concentration, and Cycle Time. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:1892-914. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Inoue RK, Lima DMF, Rodrigues JAD, Ratusznei SM, Zaiat M. Effect of organic loading rate and fill time on the biohydrogen production in a mechanically stirred AnSBBR treating synthetic sucrose-based wastewater. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:2326-49. [PMID: 25178421 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility to produce biohydrogen of a mechanically stirred anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (AnSBBR) treating sucrose-based synthetic wastewater. The bioreactor performance (30 °C) was evaluated as to the combined effect of fill time (2, 1.5, and 1 h), cycle length (4, 3, and 2 h), influent concentration (3,500 and 5,250 mg chemical oxygen demand (COD) L(-1)) and applied volumetric organic load (AVOLCT from 9.0 to 27.0 g COD L(-1) d(-1)). AVOLs were varied according to influent concentration and cycle length (t C). The results showed that increasing AVOLCT resulted in a decrease in sucrose removal from 99 to 86 % and in improvement of molar yield per removed load (MYRLS.n) from 1.02 mol H2 mol carbohydrate(-1) at AVOLCT of 9.0 g COD L(-1) d(-1) to maximum value of 1.48 mol H2 mol carbohydrate(-1), at AVOLCT of 18.0 g COD L(-1) d(-1), with subsequent decrease. Increasing AVOLCT improved the daily molar productivity of hydrogen (MPr) from 15.28 to 49.22 mol H2 m(-3) d(-1). The highest daily specific molar productivity of hydrogen (SMPr) obtained was 8.71 mol H2 kg TVS(-1) d(-1) at an AVOLCT of 18.0 g COD L(-1) d(-1). Decreasing t C from 4 to 3 h decreased sucrose removal, increased MPr, and improved SMPr. Increasing influent concentration decreased sucrose removal only at t C of 2 h, improved MYRLS,n and MPr at all t C, and also improved SMPr at t C of 4 and 3 h. Feeding strategy had a significant effect on biohydrogen production; increasing fill time improved sucrose removal, MPr, SMPr, and MYRLS,n for all investigated AVOLCT. At all operational conditions, the main intermediate metabolic was acetic acid followed by ethanol, butyric, and propionic acids. Increasing fill time resulted in a decrease in ethanol concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Inoue
- Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, 13.566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Santos DA, Rodrigues JAD, Ratusznei SM, Zaiat M. AnSBBR with circulation applied to biohydrogen production treating sucrose based wastewater: effects of organic loading, influent concentration and cycle length. Braz J Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20140313s00002694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M. Zaiat
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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29
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Lullio TG, Souza LP, Ratusznei SM, Rodrigues JAD, Zaiat M. Biomethane Production in an AnSBBR Treating Wastewater from Biohydrogen Process. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:1873-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Mockaitis G, Pantoja JLR, Rodrigues JAD, Foresti E, Zaiat M. Continuous anaerobic bioreactor with a fixed-structure bed (ABFSB) for wastewater treatment with low solids and low applied organic loading content. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 37:1361-8. [PMID: 24390575 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-013-1108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a new type of anaerobic bioreactor with a fixed-structure bed (ABFSB) in which the support for the biomass consists of polyurethane foam strips placed along the length of the bioreactor. This configuration prevents the accumulation of biomass or solids in the bed as well as clogging and channeling effects. In this study, complex synthetic wastewater with a chemical oxygen demand of 404.4 mg O(2) L(-1) is treated by the reactor. The ABFSB, which has a working volume of 4.77 L, was inoculated with anaerobic sludge obtained from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket bioreactor. A removal efficiency of 78 % for organic matter and an effluent pH of 6.97 were achieved. An analysis of the organic volatile acids produced by the ABFSB indicated that it operated under stable conditions during an experimental run of 36 days. The stable and efficient operation of the bioreactor was compared with the configurations of other anaerobic bioreactors used for complex wastewater treatment. The results of the study indicate that the ABFSB is a technological alternative to packed-bed bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mockaitis
- National Research Council of Canada (BRI-IRB/NRC-CNRC), Biotechnology Research Institute, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada,
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31
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Mockaitis G, Rodrigues JAD, Foresti E, Zaiat M. Toxic effects of cadmium (Cd²⁺) on anaerobic biomass: kinetic and metabolic implications. J Environ Manage 2012; 106:75-84. [PMID: 22575203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium ion (Cd(2+)) toxicity on anaerobic systems, used for organic matter removal, was assessed by studying its effect on kinetic parameters and metabolic changes. This fundamental study was performed in a continuous fixed bed anaerobic bioreactor that treated synthetic wastewater simulating domestic sewage. The biomass was immobilized on a fixed bed made of polyurethane foam. Under influent cadmium concentrations of 0.0, 0.4, 4.4 and 6.2 mg Cd(2+) L(-1) the organic matter removal efficiencies were 84%, 82%, 72% and 52%, respectively. At influent concentration of 6.2 mg Cd(2+) L(-1) the reactor had reached its limit for cadmium toxicity. In the removal of dissolved organic matter, the first-order apparent kinetic coefficients (k(1)(app)) were 0.84, 0.67 and 0.10 h(-1) for the operations with 0.0, 0.4 and 4.4 mg Cd(2+) L(-1), respectively. The apparent inhibition coefficient for cadmium (k(i)(app)) was 1.69 mg L(-1). Despite the toxic effects of cadmium on anaerobic organic matter removal at large Cd(2+) concentrations, the results demonstrated that the anaerobic process was suitable for cadmium concentrations below 29.8 mg Cd(2+) L(-1), considering the bioavailable fraction of adsorbed cadmium in the support when the cadmium influent concentration was 6.2 mg Cd(2+) L(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mockaitis
- Hydraulics and Sanitation Department, São Carlos Engineering School, Universidade de São Paulo (SHS/EESC/USP), Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, CEP 13.566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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32
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Silva AJ, Domingues MR, Hirasawa JS, Varesche MB, Foresti E, Zaiat M. Kinetic modeling and microbial assessment by fluorescent in situ hybridization in anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactors treating sulfate-rich wastewater. Braz J Chem Eng 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322011000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - M. Zaiat
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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Miqueleto AP, Dolosic CC, Pozzi E, Foresti E, Zaiat M. Influence of carbon sources and C/N ratio on EPS production in anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactors for wastewater treatment. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101:1324-30. [PMID: 19783138 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different carbon sources and the carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N) on the production and main composition of insoluble extracellular polymers (EPS) produced in an anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (ASBBR) with immobilized biomass in polyurethane foam. The yield of EPS was 23.6 mg/g carbon, 13.3 mg/g carbon, 9.0 mg/g carbon and 1.4 mg/g carbon when the reactor was fed with glucose, soybean oil, fat acids, and meat extract, respectively. The yield of EPS decreased from 23.6 to 2.6 mg/g carbon as the C/N ratio was decreased from 13.6 to 3.4 gC/gN, using glucose as carbon source. EPS production was not observed under strict anaerobic conditions. The results suggest that the carbon source, microaerophilic conditions and high C/N ratio favor EPS production in the ASBBR used for wastewater treatment. Cellulose was the main exopolysaccharide observed in all experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Miqueleto
- Laboratório de Processos Biológicos, Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Engenharia Ambiental-Bloco 4-F, Av. João Dagnone, 1100-Santa Angelina, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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34
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Damianovic MHRZ, Moraes EM, Zaiat M, Foresti E. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) dechlorination in horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactors. Bioresour Technol 2009; 100:4361-4367. [PMID: 19443213 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study verifies the potential applicability of horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactors to pentachlorophenol (PCP) dechlorination. Two bench-scale HAIB reactors (R1 and R2) were filled with cubic polyurethane foam matrices containing immobilized anaerobic sludge. The reactors were then continuously fed with synthetic wastewater consisting of PCP, glucose, acetic acid, and formic acid as co-substrates for PCP anaerobic degradation. Before being immobilized in polyurethane foam matrices, the biomass was exposed to wastewater containing PCP in reactors fed at a semi-continuous rate of 2.0 microg PCP g(-1) VS. The applied PCP loading rate was increased from 0.05 to 2.59 mg PCP l(-1)day(-1) for R1, and from 0.06 to 4.15 mg PCP l(-1)day(-1) for R2. The organic loading rates (OLR) were 1.1 and 1.7 kg COD m(-3)day(-1) at hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 24h for R1 and 18 h for R2. Under such conditions, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies of up to 98% were achieved in the HAIB reactors. Both reactors exhibited the ability to remove 97% of the loaded PCP. Dichlorophenol (DCP) was the primary chlorophenol detected in the effluent. The adsorption of PCP and metabolites formed during PCP degradation in the packed bed was negligible for PCP removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H R Z Damianovic
- Laboratório de Processos Biológicos, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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35
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Pereira NS, Zaiat M. Degradation of formaldehyde in anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (ASBBR). J Hazard Mater 2009; 163:777-782. [PMID: 18715712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Revised: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the degradation of formaldehyde in a bench-scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor, which contained biomass immobilized in polyurethane foam matrices. The reactor was operated for 212 days at 35 degrees C with 8h sequential cycles, under different affluent formaldehyde concentrations ranging from 31.6 to 1104.4 mg/L (formaldehyde loading rates from 0.08 to 2.78 kg/m(3)day). The results indicate excellent reactor stability and over 99% efficiency in formaldehyde removal, with average effluent formaldehyde concentration of 3.6+/-1.7 mg/L. Formaldehyde degradation rates increased from 204.9 to 698.3mg/Lh as the initial concentration of formaldehyde was increased from around 100 to around 1100 mg/L. However, accumulation of organic matter was observed in the effluent (chemical oxygen demand (COD) values above 500 mg/L) due to the presence of non-degraded organic acids, especially acetic and propionic acids. This observation poses an important question regarding the anaerobic route of formaldehyde degradation, which might differ substantially from that reported in the literature. The anaerobic degradation pathway can be associated with the formation of long-chain oligomers from formaldehyde. Such long- or short-chain polymers are probably the precursors of organic acid formation by means of acidogenic anaerobic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Pereira
- Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Engenharia Ambiental, Bloco 4-F, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 Santa Angelina, 13.563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Garcia ML, Lapa KR, Foresti E, Zaiat M. Effects of bed materials on the performance of an anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor treating domestic sewage. J Environ Manage 2008; 88:1471-7. [PMID: 17765390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Revised: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the best performance of an anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (AnSBBR) based on the use of four different bed materials as support for biomass immobilization. The bed materials utilized were polyurethane foam (PU), vegetal carbon (VC), synthetic pumice (SP), and recycled low-density polyethylene (PE). The AnSBBR, with a total volume of 7.2L, was operated in 8-h batch cycles over 10 months, and fed with domestic sewage with an average influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 358+/-110 mg/L. The average effluent COD values were 121+/-31, 208+/-54, 233+/-52, and 227+/-51 mg/L, for PU, VC, SP, and PE, respectively. A modified first-order kinetic model was adjusted to temporal profiles of COD during a batch cycle, and the apparent kinetic constants were 0.52+/-0.05, 0.37+/-0.05, 0.80+/-0.04, and 0.30+/-0.02 h(-1) for PU, VC, SP, and PE, respectively. Specific substrate utilization rates of 1.08, 0.11, and 0.86 mg COD/mg VS day were obtained for PU, VC, and PE, respectively. Although SP yielded the highest kinetic coefficient, PU was considered the best support, since SP presented loss of chemical constituents during the reactor's operational phase. In addition, findings on the microbial community were associated with the reactor's performance data. Although PE did not show a satisfactory performance, an interesting microbial diversity was found on its surface. Based on the morphology and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) results, PE showed the best capacity for promoting the attachment of methanogenic organisms, and is therefore a material that merits further analysis. PU was considered the most suitable material showing the best performance in terms of efficiency of solids and COD removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Garcia
- Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, CEP 13566 590 São Carlos-SP, Brazil
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37
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Canto CSA, Ratusznei SM, Rodrigues JAD, Zaiat M, Foresti E. Effect of ammonia load on efficiency of nitrogen removal in an SBBR with liquid-phase circulation. Braz J Chem Eng 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322008000200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M. Zaiat
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Damasceno LHS, Rodrigues JAD, Ratusznei SM, Zaiat M, Foresti E. Effect of mixing mode on the behavior of an ASBBR with immobilized biomass in the treatment of cheese whey. Braz J Chem Eng 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322008000200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M. Zaiat
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Cubas SA, Foresti E, Rodrigues JAD, Ratusznei SM, Zaiat M. Effects of solid-phase mass transfer on the performance of a stirred anaerobic sequencing batch reactor containing immobilized biomass. Bioresour Technol 2007; 98:1411-7. [PMID: 16843658 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2004] [Revised: 05/15/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This work reports on experiments for an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor containing immobilized biomass which aimed at verifying the effects of solid-phase mass transfer on the reactor's overall performance. Four experiments were carried out at 30 degrees C with cubic polyurethane foam particles previously inoculated with anaerobic biomass. Different solid-phase mass transfer conditions were reached in each experiment by varying the size of the bioparticle from 0.5 to 3.0 cm. The reactor was fed with a low-strength synthetic wastewater containing protein, carbohydrates and lipid and the effects of mass transfer were evaluated through dynamic substrate concentration profiles during 8-hour batch cycles. A modified first-order kinetic model provided a good representation of the behavior of the dynamic concentration profiles. The solid-phase mass transfer was found to slightly affect the concentration of effluent organic matter expressed as chemical oxygen demand (COD). The concentration of residual effluent substrate increased as the size of the bioparticle was increased. The cycle time was not affected as the size of the bioparticle was increased from 0.5 to 2.0 cm. However, it was found that the cycle time in a reactor with 3.0-cm cubic particles should be higher than that required in systems with smaller particles. The apparent first-order kinetic parameter was estimated as 0.59+/-0.01 h(-1) for experiments with bioparticle sizes ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 cm, while a value of 0.48 h(-1) was obtained in the experiment with 3.0-cm bioparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Cubas
- Laboratório de Processos Biológicos, Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
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Fazolo A, Pasotto MB, Foresti E, Zaiat M. Kinetics, mass transfer and hydrodynamics in a packed bed aerobic reactor fed with anaerobically treated domestic sewage. Environ Technol 2006; 27:1125-35. [PMID: 17144261 DOI: 10.1080/09593332708618721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study presents an assessment of the kinetic, mass transfer and hydrodynamic parameters of a pilot-scale fixed bed reactor containing immobilized biomass in polyurethane matrices and fed with the effluent of a horizontal-flow fixed bed anaerobic reactor, which was used to treat domestic sewage. It was found that the liquid-solid and intra-particle mass transfer resistances significantly affected the overall oxygen consumption rate and that mechanical agitation could minimize such resistances. The volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) values for superficial air velocities between 8.4 cm min(-1) and 57.0 cm min(-1) varied from 20.8 h(-1) to 58.8 h(-1) for tap water, and 16.8 h(-1) to 53.0 h(-1) for the anaerobic pre-treated effluent. The intrinsic oxygen uptake rate was estimated to be 19.9 mgO2 gVSS(-1) h(-1). A first-order kinetic model with residual concentration was considered to adequately represent the COD removal rate, whereas nitrogen conversion was considered to be well represented by a model of pseudo-first-order reaction in series. It was also found that the ammonium conversion to nitrite was the limiting step of the overall nitrogen conversion rate. The hydrodynamic behavior of the reactor was represented by three to four completely mixed reactors in series.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fazolo
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Rua Universitária, 2069. 85819-110, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
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Sarti A, Pozzi E, Chinalia FA, Zaiat M, Foresti E. The performance of an anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor treating domestic sewage colonized by anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria. Chemosphere 2006; 62:1437-43. [PMID: 16081133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2004] [Revised: 05/20/2005] [Accepted: 06/01/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There are few reports on morphological characterization of microbial population colonizing anaerobic bioreactors and the aim of this work was to access such variable in an anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor treating the University of Sao Paulo (Sao Carlos city, Brazil) domestic sewage. This pilot-scale reactor (1.2m3) has been treating 0.65 m3 of liquid waste under cycles of 8h. The ASBBR has the distinct characteristics of being filled with support material for biomass attachment with the aim of skipping the sedimentation phase during the operational cycles, as it is commonly observed in anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBR). Physical, chemical and physico-chemical variables were accessed in the influent and in the effluent for performance evaluation. Microbial characterization was made by means of direct microscopy and samples were taken over 150 d with a 25 d period interval. The ASBBR attained approximately 60% of COD removal efficiency. Microscopic analysis of biomass showed the presence of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria probably influencing the ASBBR performance in the domestic sewage treatment. It is very likely that the exclusion of phototrophic sulfur bacteria by efficiently restraining the light would enhance the bioreactor efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sarti
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense 400, CEP: 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Silva AJ, Hirasawa JS, Varesche MB, Foresti E, Zaiat M. Evaluation of support materials for the immobilization of sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea. Anaerobe 2006; 12:93-8. [PMID: 16701621 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2005.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2005] [Revised: 12/01/2005] [Accepted: 12/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on the adhesion of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and methanogenic archaea on polyurethane foam (PU), vegetal carbon (VC), low-density polyethylene (PE) and alumina-based ceramics (CE). Anaerobic differential reactors fed with a sulfate-rich synthetic wastewater were used to evaluate the formation of a biofilm. The PU presented the highest specific biomass concentration throughout the experiment, achieving 872 mg TVS/g support, while 84 mg TVS/g support was the maximum value obtained for the other materials. FISH results showed that bacterial cells rather than archaeal cells were predominant on the biofilms. These cells, detected with EUB338 probe, accounted for 76.2% (+/-1.6%), 79.7% (+/-1.3%), 84.4% (+/-1.4%) and 60.2% (+/-1.0%) in PU, VC, PE and CE, respectively, of the 4'6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)-stained cells. From these percentages, 44.8% (+/-2.1%), 55.4% (+/-1.2%), 32.7% (+/-1.4%) and 18.1% (+/-1.1%), respectively, represented the SRB group. Archaeal cells, detected with ARC915 probe, accounted for 33.1% (+/-1.6%), 25.4% (+/-1.3%), 22.6% (+/-1.1%) and 41.9% (+/-1.0%) in PU, VC, PE and CE, respectively, of the DAPI-stained cells. Sulfate reduction efficiencies of 39% and 45% and mean chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies of 86% and 90% were achieved for PU and VC, respectively. The other two supports, PE and CE, provided mean COD removal efficiencies of 84% and 86%, respectively. However, no sulfate reduction was observed with these supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC), Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Laboratório de Processos Biológicos, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, CEP: 12560-250 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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43
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Fernandes BS, Chinalia FA, Sarti A, Silva AJ, Foresti E, Zaiat M. Influence of the addition of sulphate and ferric ions in a methanogenic anaerobic packed-bed reactor treating gasoline-contaminated water. Water Sci Technol 2006; 54:135-41. [PMID: 16939094 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2006.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) are relatively soluble aromatic compounds of gasoline. Gasoline storage tank leakages generally lead to an extensive contamination of groundwater. In the natural environment for instance, these compounds might be biodegraded under a variety of reducing potentials. The objective of this work was to examine the influence of the addition of sulphate and Fe(OH)3 in a methanogenic horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized-biomass reactor treating gasoline-contaminated water. Three different conditions were evaluated: methanogenic, sulphidogenic and sulphidogenic with the addition of ferric ions. Methanogenic condition showed the higher BTX degradation rates and the addition of sulphate negatively affected BTX removal rates with the production of H2S. However, the addition of ferric ions resulted in the precipitation of sulphur, improving BTX degradation by the consortium. Metanosphaera sp., Methanosarcina barkeri and Methanosaeta concilii were identified in the consortium by means of 16S and directly related to the addition of ferric ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Fernandes
- Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Zaiat
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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45
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Garbossa LHP, Lapa KR, Zaiat M, Foresti E. Development and evaluation of a radial anaerobic/aerobic reactor treating organic matter and nitrogen in sewage. Braz J Chem Eng 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322005000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Zaiat
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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46
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Veronez RG, Orra AA, Ribeiro R, Zaiat M, Ratusznei SM, Rodrigues JAD. A simplified analysis of granule behavior in ASBR and UASB reactors treating low-strength synthetic wastewater. Braz J Chem Eng 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322005000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ribeiro R, Varesche MBA, Foresti E, Zaiat M. Influence of the carbon source on the anaerobic biomass adhesion on polyurethane foam matrices. J Environ Manage 2005; 74:187-194. [PMID: 15627471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the influence of the source of organic matter on the process of biomass adhesion on polyurethane foam matrices in fixed-bed anaerobic immobilized-sludge reactors. Five experiments were performed in differential 'gradientless' reactors fed with meat extract (protein), glucose, starch, lipids and complex substrate. The polyurethane foam colonization process was monitored temporally in each experiment to identify the amount of biomass buildup, extracellular polymer production and the morphological characteristics of the cells adhering to the support. Different immobilization patterns were observed for the different substrates used. The morphological variety was found to be dependent on the substrate constituents. Polymer excretion was apparently crucial in the colonization process of the polyurethane matrices and was likely related to cell fixation on the support. The production of extracellular polymeric substances speeded up the initial fixation of microorganisms on the polyurethane surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Processos Biológicos, Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av., Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Cattony EBM, Chinalia FA, Ribeiro R, Zaiat M, Foresti E, Varesche MBA. Ethanol and toluene removal in a horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass reactor in the presence of sulfate. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 91:244-53. [PMID: 15915510 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this study it is reported the operation of a horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor under sulfate-reducing condition which was also exposed to different amounts of ethanol and toluene. The system was inoculated with sludge taken from up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors treating refuses from a poultry slaughterhouse. The HAIB reactor comprised of an immobilized biomass on polyurethane foam and ferrous and sodium sulfate solutions were used (91 and 550 mg/L, respectively), to promote a sulfate-reducing environment. Toluene was added at an initial concentration of 2.0 mg/L followed by an increased range of different amendments (5, 7, and 9 mg/L). Ethanol was added at an initial concentration of 170 mg/L followed by an increased range of 960 mg/L. The reactor was operated at 30(+/-2) degrees C with hydraulic detention time of 12 h. Organic matter removal efficiency was close to 90% with a maximum toluene degradation rate of 0.06 mg(toluene)/mg(vss)/d. Sulfate reduction was close to 99.9% for all-nutritional amendments. Biofilm microscopic characterization revealed a diversity of microbial morphologies and DGGE-profiling showed a variation of bacterial and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) populations, which were significantly associated with toluene amendments. Diversity of archaea remained unaltered during the different phases of this experiment. Thus, this study demonstrates that compact units of HAIB reactors, under sulfate reducing conditions, are a potential alternative for in situ aromatics bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B M Cattony
- Laboratório de Processos Biológicos, Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brasil
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Rodrigues JAD, Pinto AG, Ratusznei SM, Zaiat M, Gedraite R. Enhancement of the performance of an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor treating low-strength wastewater through implementation of a variable stirring rate program. Braz J Chem Eng 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322004000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M. Zaiat
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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50
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Oliveira SVWB, Moraes EM, Adorno MAT, Varesche MBA, Foresti E, Zaiat M. Formaldehyde degradation in an anaerobic packed-bed bioreactor. Water Res 2004; 38:1685-1694. [PMID: 15026223 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2004.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2003] [Revised: 11/12/2003] [Accepted: 01/20/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of appropriate technologies for the treatment of formaldehyde discharged into the environment is important to minimize its impact. Aerobic systems have been employed, although alternative anaerobic treatments have also been widely studied, mainly due to their low energy consumption and sludge production. However, toxic substances can lead to disturbances in anaerobic reactors. Some research has already been developed on formaldehyde anaerobic biological treatment, but no consensus has yet been reached about its behavior nor has the most efficient system been identified. Aiming at finding supporting evidence for this issue, therefore, this study investigated the degradation and toxicity of formaldehyde in a Horizontal-Flow Anaerobic Immobilized Sludge Reactor. Formaldehyde concentrations of 26.2-1158.6 mg HCHO/L were applied in the reactor, resulting in formaldehyde and chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies of 99.7% and 92%, respectively. Volatile fatty acids with up to five carbons, found during the degradation of formaldehyde, are believed to indicate that the degradation followed routes unlike those suggested in the literature, which reports the formation of intermediates such as methanol and formic acid. The Monod kinetic model adhered to the experimental data well, with apparent kinetic parameters estimated as r(app)max) = 2.79 x 10(-3) mg HCHO/mg SSVh and K (app)(s) = 242.8 mg HCHO/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V W B Oliveira
- Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Trabalhador São-carlense 400, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
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