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Dai M, Sun M, Chen B, Shi L, Jin M, Man Y, Liang Z, de Almeida CMVB, Li J, Zhang P, Chiu ASF, Xu M, Yu H, Meng J, Wang Y. Country-specific net-zero strategies of the pulp and paper industry. Nature 2024; 626:327-334. [PMID: 38109939 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06962-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The pulp and paper industry is an important contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions1,2. Country-specific strategies are essential for the industry to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, given its vast heterogeneities across countries3,4. Here we develop a comprehensive bottom-up assessment of net greenhouse gas emissions of the domestic paper-related sectors for 30 major countries from 1961 to 2019-about 3.2% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions from the same period5-and explore mitigation strategies through 2,160 scenarios covering key factors. Our results show substantial differences across countries in terms of historical emissions evolution trends and structure. All countries can achieve net-zero emissions for their pulp and paper industry by 2050, with a single measure for most developed countries and several measures for most developing countries. Except for energy-efficiency improvement and energy-system decarbonization, tropical developing countries with abundant forest resources should give priority to sustainable forest management, whereas other developing countries should pay more attention to enhancing methane capture rate and reducing recycling. These insights are crucial for developing net-zero strategies tailored to each country and achieving net-zero emissions by 2050 for the pulp and paper industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Dai
- Fudan Tyndall Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Fudan Tyndall Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Watershed Carbon Neutrality Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingzhou Jin
- Industrial and Systems Engineering Department, Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment, The University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Yi Man
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyang Liang
- Fudan Tyndall Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jiashuo Li
- Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Anthony S F Chiu
- Gokongwei College of Engineering, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ming Xu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huajun Yu
- Fudan Tyndall Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Meng
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yutao Wang
- Fudan Tyndall Center and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute for Energy and Carbon Neutrality Strategy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), Shanghai, China.
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Altshuler I, Raymond-Bouchard I, Magnuson E, Tremblay J, Greer CW, Whyte LG. Unique high Arctic methane metabolizing community revealed through in situ 13CH 4-DNA-SIP enrichment in concert with genome binning. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1160. [PMID: 35064149 PMCID: PMC8782848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from Arctic permafrost soils create a positive feedback loop of climate warming and further GHG emissions. Active methane uptake in these soils can reduce the impact of GHG on future Arctic warming potential. Aerobic methane oxidizers are thought to be responsible for this apparent methane sink, though Arctic representatives of these organisms have resisted culturing efforts. Here, we first used in situ gas flux measurements and qPCR to identify relative methane sink hotspots at a high Arctic cytosol site, we then labeled the active microbiome in situ using DNA Stable Isotope Probing (SIP) with heavy 13CH4 (at 100 ppm and 1000 ppm). This was followed by amplicon and metagenome sequencing to identify active organisms involved in CH4 metabolism in these high Arctic cryosols. Sequencing of 13C-labeled pmoA genes demonstrated that type II methanotrophs (Methylocapsa) were overall the dominant active methane oxidizers in these mineral cryosols, while type I methanotrophs (Methylomarinovum) were only detected in the 100 ppm SIP treatment. From the SIP-13C-labeled DNA, we retrieved nine high to intermediate quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) belonging to the Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Chloroflexi, with three of these MAGs containing genes associated with methanotrophy. A novel Chloroflexi MAG contained a mmoX gene along with other methane oxidation pathway genes, identifying it as a potential uncultured methane oxidizer. This MAG also contained genes for copper import, synthesis of biopolymers, mercury detoxification, and ammonia uptake, indicating that this bacterium is strongly adapted to conditions in active layer permafrost and providing new insights into methane biogeochemical cycling. In addition, Betaproteobacterial MAGs were also identified as potential cross-feeders with methanotrophs in these Arctic cryosols. Overall, in situ SIP labeling combined with metagenomics and genome binning demonstrated to be a useful tool for discovering and characterizing novel organisms related to specific microbial functions or biogeochemical cycles of interest. Our findings reveal a unique and active Arctic cryosol microbial community potentially involved in CH4 cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianina Altshuler
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences NMBU, Universitetstunet 3, 1430, Ås, Norway.
| | - Isabelle Raymond-Bouchard
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Elisse Magnuson
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Julien Tremblay
- Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Ave., Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Charles W Greer
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
- Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Ave., Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Lyle G Whyte
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
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3
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Jeong Y, Kim S, Lee M, Hong S, Jang MG, Choi N, Hwang KS, Baik H, Kim JK, Yip ACK, Choi J. A Hybrid Zeolite Membrane-Based Breakthrough for Simultaneous CO 2 Capture and CH 4 Upgrading from Biogas. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:2893-2907. [PMID: 34985249 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biogas is an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy resource that can substitute or complement conventional fossil fuels. For practical uses, biogas upgrading, mainly through the effective separation of CO2 (0.33 nm) and CH4 (0.38 nm), is required to meet the approximately 90-95% purity of CH4, while CO2 should be concomitantly purified. In this study, a high CO2 perm-selective zeolite membrane was synthesized by heteroepitaxially growing a chabazite (CHA) zeolite seed layer with a synthetic precursor that allowed the formation of all-silica deca-dodecasil 3 rhombohedral (DDR) zeolite (with a pore size of 0.36 × 0.44 nm2). The resulting hydrophobic DDR@CHA hybrid membrane on an asymmetric α-Al2O3 tube was thin (ca. 2 μm) and continuous, thus providing both high flux and permselectivity for CO2 irrespective of the presence or absence of water vapor (the third largest component in the biogas streams). To the best of our knowledge, the CO2 permeance of (2.9 ± 0.3) × 10-7 mol m-2 s-1 Pa-1 and CO2/CH4 separation factor of ca. 274 ± 73 at a saturated water vapor partial pressure of ca. 12 kPa at 50 °C have the highest CO2/CH4 separation performance yet achieved. Furthermore, we explored the membrane module properties of the hybrid membrane in terms of the recovery and purity of both CO2 and CH4 under dry and wet conditions. Despite the high intrinsic membrane properties of the current hybrid membrane, reflected by the high permeance and SF, the corresponding module properties indicated that high-performance separation of CO2 and CH4 for the desired biogas upgrading was achieved at a limited processing capacity. This supports the importance of understanding the correlation between the membrane and module properties, as this will provide guidance for the optimal operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghwan Jeong
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejin Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseong Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Hong
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Gi Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Seon Hwang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hionsuck Baik
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul Center, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kuk Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Alex C K Yip
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Jungkyu Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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4
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Li L, Xue S, Xi J. Anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to sulfate reduction: Consortium characteristics and application in co-removal of H 2S and methane. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 76:238-248. [PMID: 30528014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic sludge from a sewage treatment plant was used to acclimatize microbial colonies capable of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled to sulfate reduction. Clone libraries and fluorescence in situ hybridization were used to investigate the microbial population. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) (e.g., Desulfotomaculum arcticum and Desulfobulbus propionicus) and anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) (e.g., Methanosaeta sp. and Methanolinea sp.) coexisted in the enrichment. The archaeal and bacterial cells were randomly or evenly distributed throughout the consortia. Accompanied by sulfate reduction, methane was oxidized anaerobically by the consortia of methane-oxidizing archaea and SRB. Moreover, CH4 and SO42- were consumed by methanotrophs and sulfate reducers with CO2 and H2S as products. The H3CSH produced by methanotrophy was an intermediate product during the process. The methanotrophic enrichment was inoculated in a down-flow biofilter for the treatment of methane and H2S from a landfill site. On average, 93.33% of H2S and 10.71% of methane was successfully reduced in the biofilter. This study tries to provide effective method for the synergistic treatment of waste gas containing sulfur compounds and CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Song Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Jingru Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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5
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La H, Hettiaratchi JPA, Achari G, Dunfield PF. Biofiltration of methane. Bioresour Technol 2018; 268:759-772. [PMID: 30064899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The on-going annual increase in global methane (CH4) emissions can be largely attributed to anthropogenic activities. However, as more than half of these emissions are diffuse and possess a concentration less than 3% (v/v), physical-chemical treatments are inefficient as an abatement technology. In this regard, biotechnologies, such as biofiltration using methane-oxidizing bacteria, or methanotrophs, are a cost-effective and efficient means of combating diffuse CH4 emissions. In this review, a number of abiotic factors including temperature, pH, water content, packing material, empty-bed residence time, inlet gas flow rate, CH4 concentration, as well biotic factors, such as biomass development, are reviewed based on empirical findings on CH4 biofiltration studies that have been performed in the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen La
- Department of Civil Engineering, Center for Environmental Engineering Research and Education (CEERE), University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - J Patrick A Hettiaratchi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Center for Environmental Engineering Research and Education (CEERE), University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Gopal Achari
- Department of Civil Engineering, Center for Environmental Engineering Research and Education (CEERE), University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada.
| | - Peter F Dunfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
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6
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Martin DF, Bisht KS. Efforts to remove aqueous lithium ion using Octolig® and methylated derivatives. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2018; 53:946-949. [PMID: 29775126 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1470969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous Li+ - containing samples (in DI water or well water) were eluted over Octolig®, a polyethylenediimine covalently attached to a high- surface-area silica gel, and only slight removal, if any, could be claimed. However, when using tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a solvent we quantitatively removed lithium ion with Octolig® or with alkylated Octolig®, demonstrating the efficacy of Octolig® and lack of advantage of a N, N'-dialkylated Octolig®. In addition, the removal of alkali metal ions (lithium, sodium, and potassium) in THF by Octolig® was partially selective: While being quantitative for lithium it was only about 40% for potassium. The study has potential implications for using geothermal brines not only as a heat source, but as a source of lithium as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean F Martin
- a Department of Chemistry , Institute for Environmental Studies, University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida , USA
| | - Kirpal S Bisht
- a Department of Chemistry , Institute for Environmental Studies, University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida , USA
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7
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Lucarini M, Durazzo A, Romani A, Campo M, Lombardi-Boccia G, Cecchini F. Bio-Based Compounds from Grape Seeds: A Biorefinery Approach. Molecules 2018; 23:E1888. [PMID: 30060557 PMCID: PMC6222734 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food and agricultural waste represents a growing problem with negative effects on the economy, environment, and human health. Winemaking produces byproducts with high added value, which can be used for new productions in several application fields. From the perspective of biorefinery and circular economy, grape seeds could be exploited by extracting bioactive compounds with high added value before using biomass for energy purposes. The markets concerned are, in addition to the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals sectors, which use bioactive compounds, the sector of biopolymeric materials and of energy for the production of biohydrogen and biomethane. Generally, bioactive components should be investigated through an integrated and multidisciplinary study approach based on emerging analytical techniques; in this context, attention is addressed towards green and sustainable procedures; an update of extraction techniques, innovative technologies, and chemometrics are described. Nowadays, processes so far tested on a pilot scale for grape waste are developed to enhance the extraction yields. Here, a picture of the Italian experience applied to the byproducts of the wine industry is given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annalisa Romani
- PHYTOLAB, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, (Firenze), Italy.
| | - Margherita Campo
- PHYTOLAB, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, (Firenze), Italy.
| | | | - Francesca Cecchini
- CREA-Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, 00049 Velletri, Roma, Italy.
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8
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Coupe SJ, Nnadi EO, Mbanaso FU, Newman AP. An assessment of the potential use of compost filled plastic void forming units to serve as vents on historic landfills and related sites. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:19238-19246. [PMID: 28936639 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Much of the solid municipal waste generated by society is sent to landfill, where biodegrading processes result in the release of methane, a major contributor to climate change. This work examined the possibility of installing a type of biofilter within paved areas of the landfill site, making use of modified pervious paving, both to allow the escape of ground gas and to avoid contamination of groundwater, using specially designed test models with provision for gas sampling in various chambers. It proposes the incorporation of an active layer within a void forming box with a view to making dual use of the pervious pavement to provide both a drainage feature and a ground gas vent, whilst providing an active layer for the oxidation of methane by microbial action. The methane removal was observed to have been effected by microbial oxidation and as such offers great promise as a method of methane removal to allow for development of landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernest O Nnadi
- Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | | | - Alan P Newman
- Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
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Crutchik D, Frison N, Eusebi AL, Fatone F. Biorefinery of cellulosic primary sludge towards targeted Short Chain Fatty Acids, phosphorus and methane recovery. Water Res 2018; 136:112-119. [PMID: 29500972 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose from used toilet paper is a major untapped resource embedded in municipal wastewater which recovery and valorization to valuable products can be optimized. Cellulosic primary sludge (CPS) can be separated by upstream dynamic sieving and anaerobically digested to recover methane as much as 4.02 m3/capita·year. On the other hand, optimal acidogenic fermenting conditions of CPS allows the production of targeted short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as much as 2.92 kg COD/capita·year. Here propionate content can be more than 30% and can optimize the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) processes or the higher valuable co-polymer of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). In this work, first a full set of batch assays were used at three different temperatures (37, 55 and 70 °C) and three different initial pH (8, 9 and 10) to identify the best conditions for optimizing both the total SCFAs and propionate content from CPS fermentation. Then, the optimal conditions were applied in long term to a Sequencing Batch Fermentation Reactor where the highest propionate production (100-120 mg COD/g TVSfed·d) was obtained at 37 °C and adjusting the feeding pH at 8. This was attributed to the higher hydrolysis efficiency of the cellulosic materials (up to 44%), which increased the selective growth of Propionibacterium acidopropionici in the fermentation broth up to 34%. At the same time, around 88% of the phosphorus released during the acidogenic fermentation was recovered as much as 0.15 kg of struvite per capita·year. Finally, the potential market value was preliminary estimated for the recovered materials that can triple over the conventional scenario of biogas recovery in existing municipal wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Crutchik
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicola Frison
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Anna Laura Eusebi
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and City Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Fatone
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and City Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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10
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Ferdowsi M, Ramirez AA, Jones JP, Heitz M. Methane biofiltration in the presence of ethanol vapor under steady and transient state conditions: an experimental study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:20883-20896. [PMID: 28721620 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) removal in the presence of ethanol vapors was performed by a stone-based bed and a hybrid packing biofilter in parallel. In the absence of ethanol, a methane removal efficiency of 55 ± 1% was obtained for both biofilters under similar CH4 inlet load (IL) of 13 ± 0.5 gCH4 m-3 h-1 and an empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 6 min. The results proved the key role of the bottom section in both biofilters for simultaneous removal of CH4 and ethanol. Ethanol vapor was completely eliminated in the bottom sections for an ethanol IL variation between 1 and 11 gethanol m-3 h-1. Ethanol absorption and accumulation in the biofilm phase as well as ethanol conversion to CO2 contributed to ethanol removal efficiency of 100%. In the presence of ethanol vapor, CO2 productions in the bottom section increased almost fourfold in both biofilters. The ethanol concentration in the leachate of the biofilter exceeding 2200 gethanol m-3leachate in both biofilters demonstrated the excess accumulation of ethanol in the biofilm phase. The biofilters responded quickly to an ethanol shock load followed by a starvation with 20% decrease of their performance. The return to normal operations in both biofilters after the transient conditions took less than 5 days. Unlike the hybrid packing biofilter, excess pressure drop (up to 1.9 cmH2O m-1) was an important concern for the stone bed biofilter. The biomass accumulation in the bottom section of the stone bed biofilter contributed to 80% of the total pressure drop. However, the 14-day starvation reduced the pressure drop to 0.25 cmH2O m-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ferdowsi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Antonio Avalos Ramirez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
- Centre National en Électrochimie et en Technologies Environnementales, 2263, Avenue du Collège, Shawinigan, QC, G9N 6V8, Canada
| | - Joseph Peter Jones
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Michèle Heitz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.
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11
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Wu J, Zhang Y. Evaluation of the impact of organic material on the anaerobic methane and ammonium removal in a membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) based on the multispecies biofilm modeling. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:1677-1685. [PMID: 27796976 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7938-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous nitrogen and methane removal by the combined nitritation, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), and nitrite dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-damo) processes in the membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) offers clear advantages in term of energy saving and greenhouse gas emission mitigation. The rejected water from sludge digestion usually contained high ammonium, COD, and dissolved methane. The impact of influent COD on the anaerobic methane and ammonium removal in an MABR was evaluated in the model based study. The results indicated that the influent COD did not reduce the methane and ammonium removal efficiency at C/N ratio (influent COD/NH4+-N) less than 0.1. At high C/N ratio, the oxygen transfer coefficient needed to be increased to achieve high methane and nitrogen removal. Substrate flux analysis indicated that heterotrophic denitrification in the outside layer of biofilm reduced the impact of influent COD. Heterotrophic growth needed to be limited at the outside layer by using NO3- as electron acceptor; otherwise, the heterotrophic bacteria would compete NO2- and space with anammox and n-damo bacteria in the inner layers and reduce the nitrogen and methane removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- School of Environmental Engineering and Science, Yangzhou University, 196 West Huayang Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Environmental Engineering and Science, Yangzhou University, 196 West Huayang Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, China
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12
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Gómez-Cuervo S, Hernández J, Omil F. Identifying the limitations of conventional biofiltration of diffuse methane emissions at long-term operation. Environ Technol 2016; 37:1947-1958. [PMID: 26708417 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1135996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is growing international concern about the increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, particularly CO2 and methane. The emissions of methane derived from human activities are associated with large flows and very low concentrations, such as those emitted from landfills and wastewater treatment plants, among others. The present work was focused on the biological methane degradation at diffuse concentrations (0.2% vv(-1)) in a conventional biofilter using a mixture of compost, perlite and bark chips as carrier. An extensive characterization of the process was carried out at long-term operation (250 days) in a fully monitored pilot plant, achieving stable conditions during the entire period. Operational parameters such as waterings, nitrogen addition and inlet loads and contact time influences were evaluated. Obtained results indicate that empty bed residence times within 4-8 min are crucial to maximize elimination rates. Waterings and the type of nitrogen supplied in the nutrient solution (ammonia or nitrate) have a strong impact on the biofilter performance. The better results compatible with a stable operation were achieved using nitrate, with elimination capacities up to 7.6 ± 1.1 g CH4 m(-3 )h(-1). The operation at low inlet concentrations (IC) implied that removal rates obtained were quite limited (ranging 3-8 g CH4 m(-3 )h(-1)); however, these results could be significantly increased (up to 20.6 g CH4 m(-3) h(-1)) at higher IC, which indicates that the mass transfer from the gas to the liquid layer surrounding the biofilm is a key limitation of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gómez-Cuervo
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Galicia , Spain
| | - J Hernández
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Galicia , Spain
| | - F Omil
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Galicia , Spain
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13
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Abstract
Biogas, containing energy-rich methane, is produced by microbial decomposition of organic material under anaerobic conditions. Under controlled conditions, this process can be used for the production of energy and a nutrient-rich residue suitable for use as a fertilising agent. The biogas can be used for production of heat, electricity or vehicle fuel. Different substrates can be used in the process and, depending on substrate character, various reactor technologies are available. The microbiological process leading to methane production is complex and involves many different types of microorganisms, often operating in close relationships because of the limited amount of energy available for growth. The microbial community structure is shaped by the incoming material, but also by operating parameters such as process temperature. Factors leading to an imbalance in the microbial community can result in process instability or even complete process failure. To ensure stable operation, different key parameters, such as levels of degradation intermediates and gas quality, are often monitored. Despite the fact that the anaerobic digestion process has long been used for industrial production of biogas, many questions need still to be resolved to achieve optimal management and gas yields and to exploit the great energy and nutrient potential available in waste material. This chapter discusses the different aspects that need to be taken into consideration to achieve optimal degradation and gas production, with particular focus on operation management and microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schnürer
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 7025, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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14
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Hernández-Shek MA, Cadavid-Rodríguez LS, Bolaños IV, Agudelo-Henao AC. Recovering biomethane and nutrients from anaerobic digestion of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and its co-digestion with fruit and vegetable waste. Water Sci Technol 2016; 73:355-61. [PMID: 26819391 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The potential to recover bioenergy from anaerobic digestion of water hyacinth (WH) and from its co-digestion with fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) was investigated. Initially, biogas and methane production were studied using the biochemical methane potential (BMP) test at 2 g volatile solids (VS) L(-1) of substrate concentration, both in the digestion of WH alone and in its co-digestion with FVW (WH-FVW ratio of 70:30). Subsequently, the biogas production was optimized in terms of total solids (TS) concentration, testing 4 and 6% of TS. The BMP test showed a biogas yield of 0.114 m(3) biogas kg(-1) VSadded for WH alone. On the other hand, the biogas potential from the WH-FVW co-digestion was 0.141 m(3) biogas kg(-1) VSadded, showing an increase of 23% compared to that of WH alone. Maximum biogas production of 0.230 m(3) biogas kg(-1) VSadded was obtained at 4% of TS in the co-digestion of WH-FVW. Using semi-continuously stirred tank reactors, 1.3 m(3) biogas yield kg(-1) VSadded was produced using an organic loading rate of 2 kg VS m(-3) d(-1) and hydraulic retention time of 15 days. It was also found that a WH-FVW ratio of 80:20 improved the process in terms of pH stability. Additionally, it was found that nitrogen can be recovered in the liquid effluent with a potential for use as a liquid fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hernández-Shek
- COLCIENCIAS-Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 32 No. 12-00, Palmira, Colombia and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31400 Toulouse, France E-mail:
| | - L S Cadavid-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 32 No. 12-00, Palmira, Colombia
| | - I V Bolaños
- Departamento de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 32 No. 12-00, Palmira, Colombia
| | - A C Agudelo-Henao
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 32 No. 12-00, Palmira, Colombia
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15
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Abstract
CO2 adsorption on synthetic zeolites has become a consolidated approach for biogas upgrading to biomethane. As an alternative to synthetic zeolites, tuff waste from building industry was investigated in this study: indeed, this material is available at a low price and contains a high fraction of natural zeolites. A selective adsorption of CO2 and H2S towards CH4 was confirmed, allowing to obtain a high-purity biomethane (CO2 <2 g m(-3), i.e. 0.1%; H2S <1.5 mg m(-3)), suitable for injection in national grids or as vehicle fuel. The loading capacity was found to be 45 g kg(-1) and 40 mg kg(-1), for CO2 and H2S, respectively. Synthetic gas mixtures and real biogas samples were used, and no significant effects due to biogas impurities (e.g. humidity, dust, moisture, etc.) were observed. Thermal and vacuum regenerations were also optimized and confirmed to be possible, without significant variations in efficiency. Hence, natural zeolites from tuffs may successfully be used in a pressure/vacuum swing adsorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Paolini
- a Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Italian National Research Council , Monterotondo (RM) , Italy
| | - Francesco Petracchini
- a Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Italian National Research Council , Monterotondo (RM) , Italy
| | - Ettore Guerriero
- a Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Italian National Research Council , Monterotondo (RM) , Italy
| | - Alessandro Bencini
- a Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Italian National Research Council , Monterotondo (RM) , Italy
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16
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Liu Y, Peng Y, Wang N, Li Y, Pan JH, Yang W, Caro J. Significantly Enhanced Separation using ZIF-8 Membranes by Partial Conversion of Calcined Layered Double Hydroxide Precursors. ChemSusChem 2015; 8:3582-3586. [PMID: 26427908 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Significantly enhanced H2 /CH4 (ca. 80) selectivity was realized by effective suppression of the framework flexibility of a prepared ZIF-8 membrane. Initially a ZnO buffer layer consisting of 20 nm-sized ZnO-nanoparticle aggregates was fabricated by controlled calcination of a ZnAl-NO3 layered double hydroxide membrane. Owing to its high chemical reactivity, the ZnO buffer layer was partially converted into a well-intergrown ZIF-8 membrane with a certain penetration depth upon solvothermal treatment with ligands. Our method may represent a new concept for the design of advanced MOF membranes with high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 22, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Yuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, PR China
| | - Nanyi Wang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 22, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yanshuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, PR China
| | - Jia Hong Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Weishen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, PR China
| | - Jürgen Caro
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 22, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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17
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Ko JH, Li M, Yang F, Xu Q. Impact of MSW compression on methane generation in decelerated methanogenic phase. Bioresour Technol 2015; 192:540-546. [PMID: 26086087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of compaction on anaerobic degradation of municipal solid waste (MSW) during the phase of decelerated methane formation. Two stainless steel lysimeters were constructed by equipping a hydraulic cylinder to apply pressure load on the MSW. When methane production rates decreased from the peak rate of each column, pressure load was applied at different degrees of decomposition (DOD). Methane production rate increased when compaction was applied. However, the impact of compaction on the methane production rate varied according to DOD. The MSW compaction reduced MSW pore space, increasing the contact surface area among MSW lumps. It was hypothesized that the mass transfer of substrate and substrate accessibility could be enhanced due to the decrease of void space and the increase of the contact area among waste mass as a consequence of the compaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hac Ko
- Key Laboratory for Eco-Efficient Polysilicate Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Mingying Li
- Key Laboratory for Eco-Efficient Polysilicate Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Eco-Efficient Polysilicate Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Qiyong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Eco-Efficient Polysilicate Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Guangdong 518055, China.
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18
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Kavitha S, Kaliappan S, Adish Kumar S, Yeom IT, Rajesh Banu J. Effect of NaCl induced floc disruption on biological disintegration of sludge for enhanced biogas production. Bioresour Technol 2015; 192:807-811. [PMID: 26059405 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the influence of NaCl mediated bacterial disintegration of waste activated sludge (WAS) was evaluated in terms of disintegration and biodegradability of WAS. Floc disruption was efficient at 0.03 g/g SS of NaCl, promoting the shifts of extracellular proteins and carbohydrates from inner layers to extractable--soluble layers (90 mg/L), respectively. Outcomes of sludge disintegration reveal that the maximum solubilization achieved was found to be 23%, respectively. The model elucidating the parameter evaluation, explicates that floc disrupted--bacterially disintegrated sludge (S3) showed superior biodegradability of about 0.23 (gCOD/gCOD) than the bacterially disintegrated (S2) and control (S3) sludges of about 0.13 (gCOD/gCOD) and 0.05 (gCOD/gCOD), respectively. Cost evaluation of the present study affords net profits of approximately 2.5 USD and -21.5 USD in S3 and S2 sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - S Kaliappan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Thiruparankundram, Madurai, India
| | - S Adish Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Ick Tae Yeom
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India.
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19
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Schroyen M, Vervaeren H, Vandepitte H, Van Hulle SWH, Raes K. Effect of enzymatic pretreatment of various lignocellulosic substrates on production of phenolic compounds and biomethane potential. Bioresour Technol 2015; 192:696-702. [PMID: 26094196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is necessary to enhance the hydrolysis, which is the rate-limiting step in biogas production. Laccase and versatile peroxidase are enzymes known to degrade lignin. Therefore, the impact of enzymatic pretreatment was studied on a variety of biomass. A significant higher release in total phenolic compounds (TPC) was observed, never reaching the inhibiting values for anaerobic digestion. The initial concentration of TPC was higher in the substrates containing more lignin, miscanthus and willow. The anaerobic digestion of these two substrates resulted in a significant lower biomethane production (68.8-141.7 Nl/kg VS). Other substrates, corn stover, flax, wheat straw and hemp reached higher biomethane potential values (BMP), between 241 and 288 Nl/kg VS. Ensilaged maize reached 449 Nl/kg VS, due to the ensilation process, which can be seen as a biological and acid pretreatment. A significant relation (R(2) = 0.89) was found between lignin content and BMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Schroyen
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Han Vervaeren
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Hanne Vandepitte
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Stijn W H Van Hulle
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Belgium.
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20
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Costa JC, Oliveira JV, Pereira MA, Alves MM, Abreu AA. Biohythane production from marine macroalgae Sargassum sp. coupling dark fermentation and anaerobic digestion. Bioresour Technol 2015; 190:251-6. [PMID: 25958149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Potential biohythane production from Sargassum sp. was evaluated in a two stage process. In the first stage, hydrogen dark fermentation was performed by Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus. Sargassum sp. concentrations (VS) of 2.5, 4.9 and 7.4gL(-1) and initial inoculum concentrations (CDW) of 0.04 and 0.09gL(-1) of C. saccharolyticus were used in substrate/inoculum ratios ranging from 28 to 123. The end products from hydrogen production process were subsequently used for biogas production. The highest hydrogen and methane production yields, 91.3±3.3Lkg(-1) and 541±10Lkg(-1), respectively, were achieved with 2.5gL(-1) of Sargassum sp. (VS) and 0.09gL(-1)of inoculum (CDW). The biogas produced contained 14-20% of hydrogen. Potential energy production from Sargassum sp. in two stage process was estimated in 242GJha(-1)yr(-1). A maximum energy supply of 600EJyr(-1) could be obtained from the ocean potential area for macroalgae production.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Costa
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - João V Oliveira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria A Pereira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria M Alves
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Angela A Abreu
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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21
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Wang H, Tao Y, Temudo M, Bijl H, Kloek J, Ren N, van Lier JB, de Kreuk M. Biomethanation from enzymatically hydrolyzed brewer's spent grain: Impact of rapid increase in loadings. Bioresour Technol 2015; 190:167-74. [PMID: 25941758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatically hydrolyzed brewer's spent grain (BSG) was digested in two expanded granular sludge beds (EGSBs, named BSG1 and BSG2, respectively). Both reactors were operated with the same organic loading rate (OLR) from 1 to 10kgCODm(-3)d(-1) during the first 45days. Hereafter a rapid OLR increase was applied to BSG2 from 10 to 16kgCODm(-3)d(-1) within three weeks, while the OLR of BSG1 was increased by less than 2kgCODm(-3)d(-1) in the same period. Results showed that a 30% decrease in COD removal and 70% decrease in methane yield appeared in BSG2 after the rapid OLR increase, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulated more than thirty times compared to BSG1. The biomass structure deteriorated and 15% of the biomass was lost from the BSG2 reactor. 454-PyroTag and qPCR analysis revealed a rapid growth of acidifiers (i.e., Bacteroides) and a unique microbial community in BSG2 following the rapid increase in OLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China; Section of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, No. 1 Stevinweg, 2600 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Yu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China; Section of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, No. 1 Stevinweg, 2600 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Margarida Temudo
- DSM Biotechnology Center, P.O. Box 1, 2600 MA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Bijl
- DSM Biotechnology Center, P.O. Box 1, 2600 MA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Kloek
- DSM Biotechnology Center, P.O. Box 1, 2600 MA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China.
| | - Jules B van Lier
- Section of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, No. 1 Stevinweg, 2600 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Merle de Kreuk
- Section of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, No. 1 Stevinweg, 2600 CD Delft, The Netherlands
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22
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Lee SH, Park JH, Kim SH, Yu BJ, Yoon JJ, Park HD. Evidence of syntrophic acetate oxidation by Spirochaetes during anaerobic methane production. Bioresour Technol 2015; 190:543-9. [PMID: 25739997 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
To search for evidence of syntrophic acetate oxidation by cluster II Spirochaetes with hydrogenotrophic methanogens, batch reactors seeded with five different anaerobic sludge samples supplemented with acetate as the sole carbon source were operated anaerobically. The changes in abundance of the cluster II Spirochaetes, two groups of acetoclastic methanogens (Methanosaetaceae and Methanosarcinaceae), and two groups of hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Methanomicrobiales and Methanobacteriales) in the reactors were assessed using qPCR targeting the 16S rRNA genes of each group. Increase in the cluster II Spirochaetes (9.0±0.4-fold) was positively correlated with increase in hydrogenotrophic methanogens, especially Methanomicrobiales (5.6±1.0-fold), but not with acetoclastic methanogens. In addition, the activity of the cluster II Spirochaetes decreased (4.6±0.1-fold) in response to high hydrogen partial pressure, but their activity was restored after consumption of hydrogen by the hydrogenotrophic methanogens. These results strongly suggest that the cluster II Spirochaetes are involved in syntrophic acetate oxidation in anaerobic digesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hoon Lee
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-714, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Park
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-714, South Korea; IT Convergence Materials R&D Group, Chungcheong Regional Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Chungnam 330-825, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 712-714, South Korea
| | - Byung Jo Yu
- IT Convergence Materials R&D Group, Chungcheong Regional Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Chungnam 330-825, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Jun Yoon
- IT Convergence Materials R&D Group, Chungcheong Regional Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Chungnam 330-825, South Korea
| | - Hee-Deung Park
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-714, South Korea.
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23
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Yang Z, Xu X, Guo R, Fan X, Zhao X. Accelerated methanogenesis from effluents of hydrogen-producing stage in anaerobic digestion by mixed cultures enriched with acetate and nano-sized magnetite particles. Bioresour Technol 2015; 190:132-9. [PMID: 25935393 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Potential for paddy soil enrichments obtained in the presence of nano-sized magnetite particles (named as PSEM) to promote methane production from effluents of hydrogen-producing stage in two-stage anaerobic digestion was investigated. The results showed that the addition of magnetite significantly accelerated methane production from acetate in a dose-independent manner. The results from high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that Rhodocyclaceae-related species were selectively enriched, which were likely the key players for conversion of acetate to methane in PSEM. Compared to the paddy soil enrichments obtained in the absence of magnetite (named as PSEC), the maximum methane production rate in PSEM was significantly higher (1.5-5.5times higher for the artificial medium and 0.2-1.7times higher for the effluents). The accelerated methane production from the effluents indicated remarkably application potential of PSEM for improving performance of anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiman Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Rongbo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Xiaolei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiaoxian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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24
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Moraes BS, Triolo JM, Lecona VP, Zaiat M, Sommer SG. Biogas production within the bioethanol production chain: Use of co-substrates for anaerobic digestion of sugar beet vinasse. Bioresour Technol 2015; 190:227-234. [PMID: 25958146 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioethanol production generates large amounts of vinasse, which is suitable for biogas production. In this study, the anaerobic digestion of sugar beet vinasse was optimised using continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTR) supplemented either with lime fertiliser or with 3% cow manure. In both reactors, the C/N ratio was adjusted by adding straw. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) of vinasse was 267.4±4.5LCH4kgVS(-1). Due to the low content of macro- and micronutrients and low C/N ratio of vinasse, biogas production failed when vinasse alone was fed to the reactor. When co-substrate was added, biogas production achieved very close to the BMP of vinasse, being 235.7±32.2LCH4kgVS(-1) from the fertiliser supplied reactor and 265.2±26.8LCH4kgVS(-1) in manure supplied reactor at steady state. Anaerobic digestion was the most stable when cow manure was supplied to digestion of vinasse.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Moraes
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10000, Polo II de Alta Tecnologia, P.O. Box 6170, Campinas, São Paulo 13083 - 970, Brazil.
| | - J M Triolo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - V P Lecona
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - M Zaiat
- Biological Processes Laboratory (LPB), Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering (CPDI-EA), São Carlos Engineering School (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, São Paulo 13563 - 120, Brazil
| | - S G Sommer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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25
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Pokój T, Bułkowska K, Gusiatin ZM, Klimiuk E, Jankowski KJ. Semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of different silage crops: VFAs formation, methane yield from fiber and non-fiber components and digestate composition. Bioresour Technol 2015; 190:201-210. [PMID: 25958143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the results of long-term semi-continuous experiments on anaerobic digestion at an HRT of 45d with ten silages: 2 annual and 4 perennial crops, and 4 mixtures of annual with perennial crops. The composition of substrates and digestates was determined with Van Soest's fractionation method. Removal of non-fiber materials ranged from 49.4% (Miscanthus sacchariflorus) to 89.3% (Zea mays alone and mixed with M. sacchariflorus), that of fiber materials like lignin ranged from 0.005% (Z. mays alone and mixed with grasses at VS ratio of 90:10%) to 46.5% (Sida hermaphrodita). The lowest stability of anaerobic digestion, as confirmed by normalized data concentrations of volatile fatty acids, was reported for both miscanthuses and sugar sorghum. The methane yield coefficients for non-fiber and fiber materials were 0.3666 and 0.2556L/g, respectively. All digestate residues had high fertilizing value, especially those from mixtures of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pokój
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna St. 45G, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - K Bułkowska
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna St. 45G, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Z M Gusiatin
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna St. 45G, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - E Klimiuk
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna St. 45G, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - K J Jankowski
- Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, Department of Agrotechnology, Agricultural Production Management and Agribusiness, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, M. Oczapowskiego St. 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Barcón T, Hernández J, Gómez-Cuervo S, Garrido JM, Omil F. Characterization and biological abatement of diffuse methane emissions and odour in an innovative wastewater treatment plant. Environ Technol 2015; 36:2105-2114. [PMID: 25749282 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1021859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An innovative and patented process for medium-high strength sewage which comprises an anaerobic step followed by a hybrid anoxic-aerobic chamber and a final ultrafiltration stage was characterized in terms of methane fugitive emissions as well as odours. The operation at ambient temperature implies higher methane content in the liquid anaerobic effluent, which finally causes concentrations around 0.01-2.4% in the off-gas released in the anoxic-aerobic chamber (1.25% average). Mass balances indicate that these emissions account for up to 30-35% of the total methane generated in the anaerobic reactor. A conventional biofilter (BF) operated at an empty bed residence time of 4 min was used to treat these emissions for 70 d. In spite of the fluctuations in the methane inlet concentrations derived from the operation of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), it was possible to operate at pseudo-steady-state conditions, achieving average removal efficiencies of 76.5% and maximum elimination capacities of 30.1 g m(-3) h(-1). Odour removal was quantified as 99.1%. Fluorescence in situ hybridization probes as well as metabolic activity assays demonstrated the suitability of the biomass developed in the WWTP as inoculum to start up the BF due to the presence of methanotrophic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Barcón
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering , University of Santiago de Compostela , Rua Lope Gomez de Marzoa s/n., Santiago de Compostela E-15782 , Spain
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27
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Abstract
Biogas can be used in the engines of transport vehicles and blended into natural gas networks, but it also requires the removal of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, and moisture. Biogas purification process flow diagrams have been developed for a process enabling the use of a dolomite suspension, as well as for solutions obtained by the filtration of the suspension, to obtain biogas free of hydrogen sulphide and with a carbon dioxide content that does not exceed 2%. The cost of biogas purification was evaluated on the basis of data on biogas production capacity and biogas production cost obtained from local water treatment facilities. It has been found that, with the use of dolomite suspension, the cost of biogas purification is approximately six times lower than that in the case of using a chemical sorbent such as monoethanolamine. The results showed travelling costs using biogas purified by dolomite suspension are nearly 1.5 time lower than travelling costs using gasoline and slightly lower than travelling costs using mineral diesel fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Makareviciene
- a Laboratory of Chemical and Biochemical Research for Environmental Technology , Aleksandras Stulginskis University , Studentu 11, Akademija, Kaunas LT-53361 , Lithuania
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28
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Pontoni L, d'Antonio G, Esposito G, Fabbricino M, Frunzo L, Pirozzi F. Thermal pretreatment of olive mill wastewater for efficient methane production: control of aromatic substances degradation by monitoring cyclohexane carboxylic acid. Environ Technol 2015; 36:1785-1794. [PMID: 25624137 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1012179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is investigated as a sustainable depurative strategy of olive oil mill wastewater (OOMW). The effect of thermal pretreatment on the anaerobic biodegradation of aromatic compounds present in (OMWW) was investigated. The anaerobic degradation of phenolic compounds, well known to be the main concern related to this kind of effluents, was monitored in batch anaerobic tests at a laboratory scale on samples pretreated at mild (80±1 °C), intermediate (90±1 °C) and high temperature (120±1 °C). The obtained results showed an increase of 34% in specific methane production (SMP) for OMWW treated at the lowest temperature and a decrease of 18% for treatment at the highest temperature. These results were related to the different decomposition pathways of the lignocellulosic compounds obtained in the tested conditions. The decomposition pathway was determined by measuring the concentrations of volatile organic acids, phenols, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) versus time. Cyclohexane carboxylic acid (CHCA) production was identified in all the tests with a maximum concentration of around 200 µmol L(-1) in accordance with the phenols degradation, suggesting that anaerobic digestion of aromatic compounds follows the benzoyl-CoA pathway. Accurate monitoring of this compound was proposed as the key element to control the process evolution. The total phenols (TP) and total COD removals were, with SMP, the highest (TP 62.7%-COD 63.2%) at 80 °C and lowest (TP 44.9%-COD 32.2%) at 120 °C. In all cases, thermal pretreatment was able to enhance the TP removal ability (up to 42% increase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Pontoni
- a Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering , University of Naples Federico II , Via Claudio, 21, Naples 80125 , Italy
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Nkemka VN, Gilroyed B, Yanke J, Gruninger R, Vedres D, McAllister T, Hao X. Bioaugmentation with an anaerobic fungus in a two-stage process for biohydrogen and biogas production using corn silage and cattail. Bioresour Technol 2015; 185:79-88. [PMID: 25755016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioaugmentation with an anaerobic fungus, Piromyces rhizinflata YM600, was evaluated in an anaerobic two-stage system digesting corn silage and cattail. Comparable methane yields of 328.8±16.8mLg(-1)VS and 295.4±14.5mLg(-1)VS and hydrogen yields of 59.4±4.1mLg(-1)VS and 55.6±6.7mLg(-1)VS were obtained for unaugmented and bioaugmented corn silage, respectively. Similar CH4 yields of 101.0±4.8mLg(-1)VS and 104±19.1mLg(-1)VS and a low H2 yield (<1mLg(-1)VS) were obtained for unaugmented and bioaugmented cattail, respectively. However, bioaugmentation resulted in an initial increase in CH4 and H2 production rates and also increased volatile fatty acid degradation rate for both substrates. Our study demonstrates the potential of bioaugmentation with anaerobic fungus for improving the digestibility of lignocellulose substrates for biogas and biohydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Nkongndem Nkemka
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Ave S. Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Brandon Gilroyed
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, Ontario N0P 2C0, Canada
| | - Jay Yanke
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Ave S. Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Robert Gruninger
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Ave S. Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Darrell Vedres
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Ave S. Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Tim McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Ave S. Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Xiying Hao
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Ave S. Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada.
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Meng Y, Li S, Yuan H, Zou D, Liu Y, Zhu B, Chufo A, Jaffar M, Li X. Evaluating biomethane production from anaerobic mono- and co-digestion of food waste and floatable oil (FO) skimmed from food waste. Bioresour Technol 2015; 185:7-13. [PMID: 25746472 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Batch anaerobic digestion was employed to investigate the performance of the floatable oil (FO) skimmed from food waste (FW) and the effect of different FO concentrations (5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50g/L) on biomethane production and system stability. FO and FO+FW were mono-digested and co-digested. The results showed that FO and FO+FW could be well anaerobically converted to biomethane in appropriate loads. For the mono-digestions of FO, the biomethane yield, TS and VS reduction achieved 607.7-846.9mL/g, 69.7-89% and 84.5-92.8%, respectively, when FO concentration was 5-40g/L. But the mono-digestion appeared instability when FO concentration was 50g/L. For the co-digestions of FW+FO, TS and VS reductions reached 70.7-86.1% and 87.5-91.4%, respectively, when FO concentration was 5-30g/L. However, the inhibition occurred when FO concentrations increased to 40-50g/L. The maximal FO loads of 40g/L and 30g/L were hence suggested for efficient mono-digestions and co-digestions of FO and FO+FW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Meng
- Centre for Resource and Environmental Research, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Sang Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Puzhu Nanlu 30, Jiangpu District, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Hairong Yuan
- Centre for Resource and Environmental Research, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Dexun Zou
- Centre for Resource and Environmental Research, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Centre for Resource and Environmental Research, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Baoning Zhu
- Centre for Resource and Environmental Research, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Akiber Chufo
- Centre for Resource and Environmental Research, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Muhammad Jaffar
- Centre for Resource and Environmental Research, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xiujin Li
- Centre for Resource and Environmental Research, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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31
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Liu X, Zicari SM, Liu G, Li Y, Zhang R. Pretreatment of wheat straw with potassium hydroxide for increasing enzymatic and microbial degradability. Bioresour Technol 2015; 185:150-7. [PMID: 25768417 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The pretreatment of wheat straw with potassium hydroxide (KOH) at ambient temperature (20°C) was investigated. The pretreatment effects on chemical composition and physical structures, and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and anaerobic digestion were evaluated. Wheat straw at 10% total solids (TS) was treated with KOH solution for 24h at a wide range of KOH loadings from 2% to 50% (w/w dry basis). Higher KOH loading resulted in higher lignin reduction from the straw and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the resulting black liquor. Maximum lignin reduction of 54.7% was observed at 50% KOH loading. In comparison to untreated straw, specific hydrolysis yields achieved 14.0-92.3% over the range of 2-50% KOH loading, and methane yields increased 16.7-77.5% for KOH loadings of 10-50%, respectively. Accounting for losses during pretreatment, 20% KOH loading resulted in maximum overall reducing sugar yield and methane yield and therefore is the recommended loading for pretreatment under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Steven M Zicari
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yeqing Li
- Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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32
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Miura T, Kita A, Okamura Y, Aki T, Matsumura Y, Tajima T, Kato J, Nakashimada Y. Improved methane production from brown algae under high salinity by fed-batch acclimation. Bioresour Technol 2015; 187:275-281. [PMID: 25863204 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, a methanogenic microbial community was developed from marine sediments to have improved methane productivity from brown algae under high salinity. Fed-batch cultivation was conducted by adding dry seaweed at 1wt% total solid (TS) based on the liquid weight of the NaCl-containing sediment per round of cultivation. The methane production rate and level of salinity increased 8-fold and 1.6-fold, respectively, at the 10th round of cultivation. Moreover, the rate of methane production remained high, even at the 10th round of cultivation, with accumulation of salts derived from 10wt% TS of seaweed. The salinity of the 10th-round culture was equivalent to 5% NaCl. The improved methane production was attributed to enhanced acetoclastic methanogenesis because acetate became rapidly converted to methane during cultivation. The family Fusobacteriaceae and the genus Methanosaeta, the acetoclastic methanogen, predominated in bacteria and archaea, respectively, after the cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyokazu Miura
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; CREST, JST, Japan
| | - Akihisa Kita
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; CREST, JST, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Okamura
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; CREST, JST, Japan
| | - Tsunehiro Aki
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; CREST, JST, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Matsumura
- Division of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan; CREST, JST, Japan
| | - Takahisa Tajima
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; CREST, JST, Japan
| | - Junichi Kato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakashimada
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; CREST, JST, Japan.
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Matsuura N, Hatamoto M, Sumino H, Syutsubo K, Yamaguchi T, Ohashi A. Recovery and biological oxidation of dissolved methane in effluent from UASB treatment of municipal sewage using a two-stage closed downflow hanging sponge system. J Environ Manage 2015; 151:200-209. [PMID: 25576697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A two-stage closed downflow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor was used as a post-treatment to prevent methane being emitted from upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) effluents containing unrecovered dissolved methane. The performance of the closed DHS reactor was evaluated using real municipal sewage at ambient temperatures (10-28 °C) for one year. The first stage of the closed DHS reactor was intended to recover dissolved methane from the UASB effluent and produce a burnable gas with a methane concentration greater than 30%, and its recovery efficiency was 57-88%, although the amount of dissolved methane in the UASB effluent fluctuated in the range of 46-68 % of methane production greatly depending on the temperature. The residual methane was oxidized and the remaining organic carbon was removed in the second closed DHS reactor, and this reactor performed very well, removing more than 99% of the dissolved methane during the experimental period. The rate at which air was supplied to the DHS reactor was found to be one of the most important operating parameters. Microbial community analysis revealed that seasonal changes in the methane-oxidizing bacteria were key to preventing methane emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa Matsuura
- Department of Social and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan; Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Masashi Hatamoto
- Department of Environmental System Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sumino
- Department of Civil Engineering, Gifu National College of Technology, 2236-2 Kamimakuwa, Motosu, Gifu 501-0495, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Syutsubo
- Water and Soil Environmental Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Department of Environmental System Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Ohashi
- Department of Social and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
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34
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Zhao Y, Sun S, Hu C, Zhang H, Xu J, Ping L. Performance of three microalgal strains in biogas slurry purification and biogas upgrade in response to various mixed light-emitting diode light wavelengths. Bioresour Technol 2015; 187:338-345. [PMID: 25863212 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The three microalgal strains were cultivated, namely, Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Neochloris oleoabundans, by applying mixed light-emitting diode wavelength treatments to biogas slurry in a photobioreactor bag. This study aims to compare the growth and nutrient removal efficiency of the algae and determine their roles for biogas upgrading. At red:blue=5:5, S. obliquus and C. vulgaris efficiently removed COD and TP, respectively. S. obliquus demonstrated high N removal efficiency at red:blue=7:3. The same strain significantly improved removal capacity for all nutrients compared with C. vulgaris and N. oleoabundans, particularly at red:blue=5:5, 7:3, and 3:7. For biogas upgrade, CH4 contents were higher than 75% (v/v) for all strains. The algae exhibited particularly good CH4 enrichment at red:blue=7:3, 5:5. Results show that microalgal biomass production offers real opportunities for addressing issues, such as nutrient reduction, CO2 removal, and biogas enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Zhao
- College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Shiqing Sun
- College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Changwei Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Lifeng Ping
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Xu H, Gong S, Sun Y, Ma H, Zheng M, Wang K. High-rate hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis for biogas upgrading: the role of anaerobic granules. Environ Technol 2015; 36:529-537. [PMID: 25347307 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.979886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis has been proved to be a feasible biological method for biogas upgrading. To improve its performance, the feasibility of typical anaerobic granules as the inoculum was investigated in both batch and continuous experiments. The results from batch experiments showed that glucose-acclimated granules seemed to perform better than granules acclimated to acidified products (AP, i.e. acetate, propionate and ethanol) in in situ biogas upgrading systems and a slightly higher H2 consumption rate (1.5 mmol H2 g VSS(-1) h(-1)) was obtained for glucose-acclimated granules. For AP-acclimated granules, the inhibition on anaerobic digestion and pH increase (up to 9.55±0.16) took place, and the upgrading performance was adversely affected. In contrast, better performance for AP-acclimated granules was observed in ex situ systems, possibly due to their higher hydrogenotrophic methanogenic activities (HMA). Moreover, when gas-liquid mass transfer limitations were alleviated, the upgrading performance was significantly improved (three-fold) for both glucose-acclimated and AP-acclimated granules. The HMA of anaerobic granules could be further enhanced to improve biogas upgrading performance via continuous cultivation with H2/CO2 as the sole substrate. During the three months' cultivation, secondary granulation and microbial population shift were observed, but anaerobic granules still remained intact and their HMA increased from 0.2 to 0.6 g COD g VSS(-1) d(-1). It indicated that the formation of hydrogenotrophic methanogenic granules, a new type of anaerobic granules specialized for high-rate hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis and biogas upgrading, might be possible. Conclusively, anaerobic granules showed great potential for biogas upgrading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xu
- a State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , Peoples Republic of China
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Karray R, Hamza M, Sayadi S. Evaluation of ultrasonic, acid, thermo-alkaline and enzymatic pre-treatments on anaerobic digestion of Ulva rigida for biogas production. Bioresour Technol 2015; 187:205-213. [PMID: 25855526 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pre-treatment of macroalgae has received considerable research globally due to its influence on the technical, economic and environmental sustainability of algae biogas production. Some of the most promising pre-treatment methods require the application of chemicals, enzymatic, and mechanical. This study focused on these pre-treatments of Ulva rigida for biogas production. The evaluation of different pre-treatment in terms of reducing sugar yields demonstrates that 3.62, 2.88, 2.53 and 7.3g/L of reducing sugar was obtained in acid catalysis, thermoalkaline, ultrasonication and enzymatic pre-treatment, respectively. However in crude macroalgae only 0.6g/L of reducing sugar was given. After anaerobic digestion, the enzymatic hydrolysis was demonstrated the best biogas yield than other pre-treatment which reached 626.5mL/gCODint with 62.65% of biodegradability. The best demonstrated method which uses crude broth of Aspergillus niger showed an effective and environmentally friendly strategy for enhancing the biogas production yields after the anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raida Karray
- Laboratoire de bio-procédés environnementaux, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, B.P. "1177", 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Hamza
- Laboratoire de bio-procédés environnementaux, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, B.P. "1177", 3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Laboratoire de bio-procédés environnementaux, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, B.P. "1177", 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
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Kavitha S, Jayashree C, Adish Kumar S, Kaliappan S, Rajesh Banu J. Enhancing the functional and economical efficiency of a novel combined thermo chemical disperser disintegration of waste activated sludge for biogas production. Bioresour Technol 2014; 173:32-41. [PMID: 25280111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, an effort was made to pretreat surplus waste activated sludge (WAS) inexpensively by a novel combined process involving thermo chemical disperser pretreatment. This pretreatment was found to be efficient at a specific energy (SE) consumption of 3360.94 kJ/kg TS, with the chemical oxygen demand (COD) solubilization of 20%. This was comparatively higher than thermo chemically treated sludge where the solubilization was found to be 15.5% at a specific energy consumption of 10,330 kJ/kg TS respectively. Higher production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) (675 mg/L) in anaerobic fermentation of pretreated WAS indicates better hydrolysis performance. The biogas production potential of sludge pretreated through this combined technique was found to be 0.455 (L/gVS) and comparatively higher than thermo chemically pretreated sludge. Economic investigation provides 90% net energy savings in this combined pretreatment. Therefore, this combined process was considered to be potentially effective and economical in sludge disintegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - C Jayashree
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - S Adish Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - S Kaliappan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Thiruparankundram, Madurai, India
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India.
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38
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Kaur A, Boghani HC, Michie I, Dinsdale RM, Guwy AJ, Premier GC. Inhibition of methane production in microbial fuel cells: operating strategies which select electrogens over methanogens. Bioresour Technol 2014; 173:75-81. [PMID: 25285762 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Methanogenesis may diminish coulombic efficiency of microbial fuel cells (MFCs), although its importance is application dependent; e.g., suppression of methanogenesis may improve MFC sensing accuracy, but may be tolerable in COD removal from wastewaters. Suppression of methanogenesis was investigated in three H-type MFCs, enriched and acclimated with acetate, propionate and butyrate substrates and subsequently operated under open and closed circuit (OC/CC) regimes. Altering the polarisation state of the electrode displaces microorganisms from the anodic biofilm and leads to observable methane inhibition. The planktonic archeal community was compared to the electrode biofilm whilst under the OC/CC regimes. Semi-quantitative DNA analyses indicate a shift in some dominant species, from the electrode to the solution, during OC operation. The effect of prolonged starvation on anodic species was also studied. The results indicate progressive inhibition of methanogenesis from OC/CC operations; and virtual cessation of methanogenesis when an MFC was starved for a significant period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur
- Sustainable Environment Research Centre (SERC), Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Mid-Glamorgan CF37 1DL, UK.
| | - Hitesh C Boghani
- Sustainable Environment Research Centre (SERC), Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Mid-Glamorgan CF37 1DL, UK.
| | - Iain Michie
- Sustainable Environment Research Centre (SERC), Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Mid-Glamorgan CF37 1DL, UK.
| | - Richard M Dinsdale
- Sustainable Environment Research Centre (SERC), Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Mid-Glamorgan CF37 1DL, UK.
| | - Alan J Guwy
- Sustainable Environment Research Centre (SERC), Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Mid-Glamorgan CF37 1DL, UK.
| | - Giuliano C Premier
- Sustainable Environment Research Centre (SERC), Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Mid-Glamorgan CF37 1DL, UK.
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Schroyen M, Vervaeren H, Van Hulle SWH, Raes K. Impact of enzymatic pretreatment on corn stover degradation and biogas production. Bioresour Technol 2014; 173:59-66. [PMID: 25285760 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Corn stover is an agricultural residue consisting of lignocellulose, cellulose and hemicellulose polymers, sheeted in a lignin barrier. Corn stover can be used as feedstock for biogas production. Previous studies have shown biological pretreatment of lignocellulose materials can increase digestibility of the substrate improving hydrolysis, the rate-limiting step in biogas production. The impact of pretreating with different enzymes (laccase, manganese peroxidase and versatile peroxidase) and different incubation times, (0, 6 and 24 h) was studied. The effect on the matrix and biomethane production was determined. Pretreatments did not yield high concentrations of phenolic compounds, inhibitors of biogas production. The laccase enzyme showed an increase in biomethane production of 25% after 24 h of incubation. Pretreatment with peroxidase enzymes increased biomethane production with 17% after 6 h of incubation. As such it can be concluded that by introducing the different enzymes at different stages during pretreatment an increased biomethane production can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Schroyen
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Han Vervaeren
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Stijn W H Van Hulle
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Belgium.
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40
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Passos F, Uggetti E, Carrère H, Ferrer I. Pretreatment of microalgae to improve biogas production: a review. Bioresour Technol 2014; 172:403-412. [PMID: 25257071 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been intensively studied as a source of biomass for replacing conventional fossil fuels in the last decade. The optimization of biomass production, harvesting and downstream processing is necessary for enabling its full-scale application. Regarding biofuels, biogas production is limited by the characteristics of microalgae, in particular the complex cell wall structure of most algae species. Therefore, pretreatment methods have been investigated for microalgae cell wall disruption and biomass solubilization before undergoing anaerobic digestion. This paper summarises the state of the art of different pretreatment techniques used for improving microalgae anaerobic biodegradability. Pretreatments were divided into 4 categories: (i) thermal; (ii) mechanical; (iii) chemical and (iv) biological methods. According to experimental results, all of them are effective at increasing biomass solubilization and methane yield, pretreatment effect being species dependent. Pilot-scale research is still missing and would help evaluating the feasibility of full-scale implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Passos
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Hydraulic, Maritime and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Enrica Uggetti
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Hydraulic, Maritime and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Hélène Carrère
- INRA, UR0050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne F-11100, France.
| | - Ivet Ferrer
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Hydraulic, Maritime and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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41
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Huang Y, Lin Z, Fu H, Wang F, Shen M, Wang X, Cao R. Porous anionic indium-organic framework with enhanced gas and vapor adsorption and separation ability. ChemSusChem 2014; 7:2647-2653. [PMID: 25044661 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201402206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional microporous anionic metal-organic framework (MOF) (Et4N)3[In3(TATB)4] (FJI-C1, H3TATB=4,4',4''-s-triazine-2,4,6-triyltribenzoic acid) with large unit cell volume has been synthesized. Assisted by the organic cation group Et4N in the pores of the compound, FJI-C1 not only shows high adsorption uptakes of C2 and C3 hydrocarbons, but also exhibits highly selective separation of propane, acetylene, ethane, and ethylene from methane at room temperature. Furthermore, it also exhibits high separation selectivity for propane over C2 hydrocarbons and acetylene can be readily separated from their C2 hydrocarbons mixtures at low pressure due to the high selectivity for C2H2 in comparison to C2H4 and C2H6. In addition, FJI-C1 with hydrophilic internal pores surfaces shows highly efficient adsorption separation of polar molecules from nonpolar molecules. Notably, it exhibits high separation selectivity for benzene over cyclohexane due to the π-π interactions between benzene molecules and s-triazine rings of the porous MOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155, Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, 350002 (PR China)
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42
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Limbri H, Gunawan C, Thomas T, Smith A, Scott J, Rosche B. Coal-packed methane biofilter for mitigation of green house gas emissions from coal mine ventilation air. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94641. [PMID: 24743729 PMCID: PMC3990720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane emitted by coal mine ventilation air (MVA) is a significant greenhouse gas. A mitigation strategy is the oxidation of methane to carbon dioxide, which is approximately twenty-one times less effective at global warming than methane on a mass-basis. The low non-combustible methane concentrations at high MVA flow rates call for a catalytic strategy of oxidation. A laboratory-scale coal-packed biofilter was designed and partially removed methane from humidified air at flow rates between 0.2 and 2.4 L min-1 at 30°C with nutrient solution added every three days. Methane oxidation was catalysed by a complex community of naturally-occurring microorganisms, with the most abundant member being identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence as belonging to the methanotrophic genus Methylocystis. Additional inoculation with a laboratory-grown culture of Methylosinus sporium, as investigated in a parallel run, only enhanced methane consumption during the initial 12 weeks. The greatest level of methane removal of 27.2±0.66 g methane m-3 empty bed h-1 was attained for the non-inoculated system, which was equivalent to removing 19.7±2.9% methane from an inlet concentration of 1% v/v at an inlet gas flow rate of 1.6 L min-1 (2.4 min empty bed residence time). These results show that low-cost coal packing holds promising potential as a suitable growth surface and contains methanotrophic microorganisms for the catalytic oxidative removal of methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendy Limbri
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cindy Gunawan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Smith
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jason Scott
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bettina Rosche
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Stillage is the main wastewater from ethanol production, containing a high chemical oxygen demand in addition to acidic and corrosive characteristics. Though stillage may be used as a soil fertilizer, its land application may be considered problematic due its high polluting potential. Anaerobic digestion represents an effective alternative treatment to reduce the pollution load of stillage. In addition, the methane gas produced within the process may be converted to energy, which can be directly applied to the treatment plant. The objective of this paper was to investigate the energetic potential of anaerobic digestion applied to stillage in the sugarcane ethanol industry. An overall analysis of the results indicates energy recovery capacity (ERC) values for methane ranging from 3.5% to 10%, respectively, for sugarcane juice and molasses. The processes employed to obtain the fermentable broth, as well as the distillation step, represent the main limiting factors to the energetic potential feasibility. Considering financial aspects the annual savings could reach up to US$ 30 million due to anaerobic digestion of stillage in relatively large-scale distilleries (365,000 m3 of ethanol per year). The best scenarios were verified for the association between anaerobic digestion of stillage and combustion of bagasse. In this case, the fossil fuels consumption in distilleries could be fully ceased, such the ERC of methane could reach values ranging from 140% to 890%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Tadeu Fuess
- Laboratory of Biological Processes, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, 1100 João Dagnone Avenue, São Carlos, 13563-120 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Loureiro Garcia
- Department of Petrology and Metallogeny, Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Campus Rio Claro, 1515 24th-A Avenue, Rio Claro, 13506-900 São Paulo, Brazil
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Martinez SL, Torretta V, Minguelac JV, Siñeriz F, Raboni M, Copelli S, Rada EC, Ragazzi M. Treatment of slaughterhouse wastewaters using anaerobic filters. Environ Technol 2014; 35:322-332. [PMID: 24600871 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.827729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a laboratory-scale experimentation allowed comparing the performances of two upflow anaerobic packed-bed filters filled with different packing materials and operating at mesophilic conditions (30 degreeC) for treating slaughterhouse wastewaters. Methane production was experimentally evaluated considering different volumetric organic loading rates as well as feeding overloading conditions. Although filter performances declined with loading rates higher than 6 kg CODin m-3 d-1 , the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency remained always above 60%. The experimental results allowed for determining kinetic parameters for bacterial growth rate and methane production, following Monod and Chen-Hashimoto models, respectively. Results demonstrated that the reactors reached a cellular retention time significantly greater than the hydraulic retention time. The kinetic parameter values (Ks, l/max) revealed the low microorganisms' affinity for the substrate and confirmed the moderate biodegradability of slaughterhouse wastewater. The kinetic analysis also allowed the comparison of the filters performances with another anaerobic system and the assessment of the parameters useful for real-scale plant design. The system design, applied to a medium-sized Argentinean slaughterhouse, demonstrated to (i) be energetically self-sufficient and (ii) contribute to the plant's water heating requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Luz Martinez
- National University of Santiago del Estero, Av. Belgrano 1912, Santiago del Estero 4200, Argentina
| | - Vincenzo Torretta
- Department of Science and High Technology, Insubria University of Varese, Via G.B. Vico, 46, Varese 1-21100, Italy
| | - Jésus Vázquez Minguelac
- Department of Rural Engineering, Politechnic of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Faustino Siñeriz
- National Council of Technical and Scientific Research (PROIMI-CONICET), Av.Belgrano y pje. Caseros, San Miguel deTucumcn 4000, Argentina
| | - Massimo Raboni
- Department of Science and High Technology, Insubria University of Varese, Via G.B. Vico, 46, Varese 1-21100, Italy
| | - Sabrina Copelli
- Department of Science and High Technology, Insubria University of Varese, Via G.B. Vico, 46, Varese 1-21100, Italy
| | - Elena Cristina Rada
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, Trento 1-38123, Italy
| | - Marco Ragazzi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, Trento 1-38123, Italy
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McLeod A, Jefferson B, McAdam EJ. Quantifying the loss of methane through secondary gas mass transport (or 'slip') from a micro-porous membrane contactor applied to biogas upgrading. Water Res 2013; 47:3688-3695. [PMID: 23726705 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Secondary gas transport during the separation of a binary gas with a micro-porous hollow fibre membrane contactor (HMFC) has been studied for biogas upgrading. In this application, the loss or 'slip' of the secondary gas (methane) during separation is a known concern, specifically since methane possesses the intrinsic calorific value. Deionised (DI) water was initially used as the physical solvent. Under these conditions, carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) absorption were dependent upon liquid velocity (V(L)). Whilst the highest CO2 flux was recorded at high V(L), selectivity towards CO2 declined due to low residence times and a diminished gas-side partial pressure, and resulted in slip of approximately 5.2% of the inlet methane. Sodium hydroxide was subsequently used as a comparative chemical absorption solvent. Under these conditions, CO2 mass transfer increased by increasing gas velocity (VG) which is attributed to the excess of reactive hydroxide ions present in the solvent, and the fast conversion of dissolved CO2 to carbonate species reinitiating the concentration gradient at the gas-liquid interface. At high gas velocities, CH4 slip was reduced to 0.1% under chemical conditions. Methane slip is therefore dependent upon whether the process is gas phase or liquid phase controlled, since methane mass transport can be adequately described by Henry's law within both physical and chemical solvents. The addition of an electrolyte was found to further retard CH4 absorption via the salting out effect. However, their applicability to physical solvents is limited since electrolytic concentration similarly impinges upon the solvents' capacity for CO2. This study illustrates the significance of secondary gas mass transport, and furthermore demonstrates that gas-phase controlled systems are recommended where greater selectivity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew McLeod
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK
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Aghamohammadi S, Haghighi M, Karimipour S. A comparative synthesis and physicochemical characterizations of Ni/Al2O3-MgO nanocatalyst via sequential impregnation and sol-gel methods used for CO2 reforming of methane. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2013; 13:4872-4882. [PMID: 23901507 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2013.7588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide reforming of methane is an interesting route for synthesis gas production especially over nano-sized catalysts. The present research deals with catalyst development for dry reforming of methane with the aim of reaching the most stable catalyst. Effect of preparation method, one of the most significant variables, on the properties of the catalysts was taken in to account. The Ni/Al2O3-MgO catalysts were prepared via sol-gel and sequential impregnation methods and characterized with XRD, FESEM, EDAX, BET and FTIR techniques. The reforming reactions were carried out using different feed ratios, gas hourly space velocities (GHSV) and reaction temperatures to identify the influence of operational variables. FESEM images indicate uniform particle size distribution for the sample synthesized with sol-gel method. It has been found that the sol-gel method has the potential to improve catalyst desired properties especially metal surface enrichment resulting in catalytic performance enhancement. The highest yield of products was obtained at 850 degrees C for both of the catalysts. During the 10 h stability test, CH4 and CO2 conversions gained higher values in the case of sol-gel made catalyst compared to impregnated one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogand Aghamohammadi
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, PO Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran
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47
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Keymer P, Ruffell I, Pratt S, Lant P. High pressure thermal hydrolysis as pre-treatment to increase the methane yield during anaerobic digestion of microalgae. Bioresour Technol 2013; 131:128-33. [PMID: 23347920 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of algal biomass will be an essential component of algal biofuel production systems, yet the methane yield from digestion of algae is typically much lower than the theoretical potential. In this work, high pressure thermal hydrolysis (HPTH) is shown to enhance methane yield during algae digestion. HPTH pre-treatment was applied to both raw algae and algal residue resulting from lipid extraction. HPTH and even the lipid extraction process itself increased methane yield, by 81% and 33% respectively; in combination they increased yield by 110% over that of the raw algae (18L CH4 gVS(-1) substrate). HPTH had little effect on the rate of anaerobic digestion, however lipid extraction enhanced it by 33% over that for raw algae (0.21day(-1)). Digestion resulted in solubilisation of nitrogen (and phosphorous to a lesser degree) in all cases, showing that there is potential for nutrient recycling for algal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Keymer
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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48
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Ács N, Kovács E, Wirth R, Bagi Z, Strang O, Herbel Z, Rákhely G, Kovács KL. Changes in the Archaea microbial community when the biogas fermenters are fed with protein-rich substrates. Bioresour Technol 2013; 131:121-7. [PMID: 23340109 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) was applied to study the changes in the composition of the methanogens of biogas-producing microbial communities on adaptation to protein-rich monosubstrates such as casein and blood. Specially developed laboratory scale (5-L) continuously stirred tank reactors have been developed and used in these experiments. Sequencing of the appropriate T-RF fragments selected from a methanogen-specific (mcrA gene-based) library revealed that the methanogens responded to the unconventional substrates by changing the community structure. T-RFLP of the 16S rDNA gene confirmed the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Ács
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary.
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49
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Onodera T, Sase S, Choeisai P, Yoochatchaval W, Sumino H, Yamaguchi T, Ebie Y, Xu K, Tomioka N, Mizuochi M, Syutsubo K. Development of a treatment system for molasses wastewater: the effects of cation inhibition on the anaerobic degradation process. Bioresour Technol 2013; 131:295-302. [PMID: 23360705 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the process performance of a novel treatment system consisting of an acidification reactor, an upflow staged sludge bed (USSB) reactor, an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, and an aerobic trickling filter for the treatment of a high-strength molasses wastewater with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of up to 120,000mg/L. The USSB operating at 35°C was capable of achieving an organic loading rate of 11kgCOD/m(3) day with a methane recovery of 62.4% at an influent COD of 120,000mg/L. The final effluent COD was 4520mg/L. The system was effective with regard to nitrification and sulfur removal. Fifty percent inhibition of the bacterial activity of the retained sludge by the cations was determined at 8gK/L for sucrose degradation, 16gK/L for sulfate reduction, and 12gK/L or 9gNa/L for acetoclastic methane production. Cation inhibition of anaerobic degradation reduced the process performance of the USSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Onodera
- Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
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Patterson T, Esteves S, Dinsdale R, Guwy A, Maddy J. Life cycle assessment of biohydrogen and biomethane production and utilisation as a vehicle fuel. Bioresour Technol 2013; 131:235-245. [PMID: 23353037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental burdens for the production and utilisation of biomethane vehicle fuel or a biohydrogen/biomethane blend produced from food waste or wheat feed, based on data from two different laboratory experiments, have been compared. For food waste treated by batch processes the two stage system gave high hydrogen yields (84.2l H2kg(-1) VS added) but a lower overall energy output than the single stage system. Reduction in environmental burdens compared with diesel was achieved, supported by the diversion of waste from landfill. For wheat feed, the semi continuously fed two stage process gave low hydrogen yields (7.5l H2kg(-1) VS added) but higher overall energy output. The process delivers reduction in fossil fuel burdens, and improvements in process efficiencies will lead to reduction in CO2 burdens compared with diesel. The study highlights the importance of understanding and optimising biofuel production parameters according to the feedstock utilised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Patterson
- Sustainable Environment Research Centre (SERC), Faculty of Health, Sport and Science, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, Wales CF37 1DL, UK.
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