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Li Z, Yang D, Li S, Yang L, Yan W, Xu H. Advances on electrochemical disinfection research: Mechanisms, influencing factors and applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169043. [PMID: 38070567 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection, a vital barrier against pathogenic microorganisms, is crucial in halting the spread of waterborne diseases. Electrochemical methods have been extensively researched and implemented for the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms from water and wastewater, primarily owing to their simplicity, efficiency, and eco-friendliness. This review succinctly outlined the core mechanisms of electrochemical disinfection (ED) and systematically examined the factors influencing its efficacy, including anode materials, system conditions, and target species. Additionally, the practical application of ED in water and wastewater treatment was comprehensively reviewed. Case studies involving various scenarios such as drinking water, hospital wastewater, black water, rainwater, and ballast water provided concrete instances of the expansive utility of ED. Finally, coupling ED with other technologies and the resulting synergies were introduced as pivotal foundations for subsequent engineering advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Duowen Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China; Research Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China; Research Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311200, China.
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2
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Li A, Bai X, Xie Y, Xia P, Bao H, He M, Zeng X, Yang W, Li X. Preparation and characterization of PMT-TiO 2-NTs@NiO-C/Sn-Sb composite electrodes by a two-step pulsed electrodeposition method for the degradation of crystalline violet. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139097. [PMID: 37302504 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the limitations imposed by Sn-Sb electrodes, the titanium foam (PMT)-TiO2-NTs@NiO-C/Sn-Sb composite electrodes with cubic crystal structure are synthesized by introducing NiO@C nanosheet arrays interlayer on the TiO2-NTs/PMT matrix through hydrothermal and carbonization process. Then a two-step pulsed electrodeposition method is used to prepare the Sn-Sb coating. Benefiting from the advantages of stacked 2D layer-sheet structure, the obtained electrodes exhibit enhanced stability and conductivity. Synergy of inner and outer layers fabricated by different pulse times strongly influence the electrochemical catalytic properties of the PMT-TiO2-NTs@NiO-C/Sn-Sb (Sn-Sb) electrode. Hence, the Sn-Sb (b0.5 h + w1 h) electrode is the optimal electrode to degrade the Crystalline Violet (CV). Next, the effect of the four experimental parameters (initial CV concentration, current density, pH value and supporting electrolyte concentration) on the degradation of CV by the electrode are investigated. The degradation of the CV is more sensitive to alkaline pH, and the rapid decolorization of CV when the pH is 10. Moreover, the possible electrocatalytic degradation pathway of CV is performed using HPLC-MS. Results from the tests show that the PMT-TiO2-NTs/NiO@C/Sn-Sb (b0.5 h + w1 h) electrode is an interesting alternative material in industrial wastewater applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Xuening Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Yuting Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Pengyang Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Hebin Bao
- Fundamental Studies Department, Army Logistics Academy of PLA, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Miao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Xuzhong Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Xueming Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China.
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Du J, Waite TD, Biesheuvel PM, Tang W. Recent advances and prospects in electrochemical coupling technologies for metal recovery from water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130023. [PMID: 36155294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
With the development of our society, the desire to recover valuable metal resources from metal-containing wastewaters or natural water bodies is becoming increasingly stronger nowadays. To overcome the limitations of single techniques, coupling technologies with synergistic effects are attracting increasing attention regarding metal resource recovery from water with particular interest in electrochemical coupling technologies in view of the advantages of electrochemical methods. This state-of-the-art review comprehensively presented the mechanisms and performance of electrochemical coupling systems for metal recovery from water. To give a clear overview of current research trends, technologies coupled with electrochemical processes can be categorized into six main types: electrochemical techniques, membrane modules, adsorption/extraction techniques, sonication technologies, energy supply techniques and others. The electrochemical coupling system has shown synergistic advantages (e.g., improving metal recovery efficiency, reducing energy consumption) over single technologies. We then discuss the remaining challenges, present corresponding solutions, and put forward future directions for current electrochemical coupled systems towards metal recovery. This review is conducive to broadening the potential applications of electrochemical coupling processes for metal recovery and sustainable water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - T David Waite
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - P M Biesheuvel
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Wangwang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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Comprehensive study on the role of reactive oxygen species and active chlorine species on the inactivation and subcellular damage of E.coli in electrochemical disinfection. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Bany Abdelnabi AA, Al Theeb N, Almomani MA, Ghanem H, Rosiwal SM. Effect of electrode parameters in the electro-production of reactive oxidizing species via boron-doped diamond under batch mode. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10830. [PMID: 36527295 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ozone and hydroxyl radicals (• OH) are powerful reactive oxidizing species (ROS) that are commonly utilized in water disinfection. The electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) is often used to generate such oxidants, whereas optimizing its experimental setup and electrode parameters plays a crucial role in its performance. This research aims to find the optimal setup for ROS generation process from tap water via the boron-doped diamond. The effect of electrode's active area, type of electrode substrates (mesh or sheet), type of mesh substrate (rolled and unrolled), and number of anodes and cathodes are examined. The results showed that the use of two long-rolled BDD/Nb meshes as anode and one long-rolled mesh as a cathode gives the optimal performance of electrolysis process at 15 V potential and 3 min. These results will provide a start for developing a cost accepted, health-safe, household disinfection device that reduces susceptibility to human life-threatening waterborne diseases. PRACTITIONER POINTS: This research aims to find the optimal setup for ROS generation process from tap water via the boron-doped diamond. The effect of electrode's parameters on the electro-production of ROS is examined. The best performance is achieved using rolled mesh electrodes. Two long-rolled BDD/Nb meshes as anode electrodes and one long-rolled mesh cathode electrode give the optimal electrolysis process performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Bany Abdelnabi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nader Al Theeb
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammed A Almomani
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hanadi Ghanem
- Chair of Metals Science and Technology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan M Rosiwal
- Chair of Metals Science and Technology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Niu Y, Yang Z, Wang J, Zhou Y, Wang H, Wu S, Xu R. Decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid from wastewater using coating electrode: efficiency, the anode characteristics and degradation mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Herraiz-Carboné M, Cotillas S, Lacasa E, Sainz de Baranda C, Riquelme E, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA, Sáez C. A review on disinfection technologies for controlling the antibiotic resistance spread. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149150. [PMID: 34303979 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in water bodies poses a sanitary and environmental risk. These ARB and other mobile genetic elements can be easily spread from hospital facilities, the point in which, for sure, they are more concentrated. For this reason, novel clean and efficient technologies are being developed for allowing to remove these ARB and other mobile genetic elements before their uncontrolled spread. In this paper, a review on the recent knowledge about the state of the art of the main disinfection technologies to control the antibiotic resistance spread from natural water, wastewater, and hospital wastewater (including urine matrices) is reported. These technologies involve not only conventional processes, but also the recent advances on advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), including electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs). This review summarizes the state of the art on the applicability of these technologies and also focuses on the description of the disinfection mechanisms by each technology, highlighting the promising impact of EAOPs on the remediation of this important environmental and health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Herraiz-Carboné
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Higher Technical School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Infante Don Juan Manuel, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Salvador Cotillas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Higher Technical School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Infante Don Juan Manuel, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Engracia Lacasa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Higher Technical School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Infante Don Juan Manuel, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Caridad Sainz de Baranda
- Clinical Parasitology and Microbiology Area, University Hospital Complex of Albacete, C/Hermanos Falcó 37, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Eva Riquelme
- Clinical Parasitology and Microbiology Area, University Hospital Complex of Albacete, C/Hermanos Falcó 37, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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8
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Electrochemical Degradation and Degree of Mineralization of the BY28 Dye in a Supporting Electrolyte Mixture Using an Expanded Dimensionally Stable Anode. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-021-00680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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García-Espinoza JD, Robles I, Durán-Moreno A, Godínez LA. Photo-assisted electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for the disinfection of aqueous solutions: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129957. [PMID: 33979920 PMCID: PMC8121763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection is usually the final step in water treatment and its effectiveness is of paramount importance in ensuring public health. Chlorination, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and ozone (O3) are currently the most common methods for water disinfection; however, the generation of toxic by-products and the non-remnant effect of UV and O3 still constitute major drawbacks. Photo-assisted electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) on the other hand, appear as a potentially effective option for water disinfection. In these processes, the synergism between electrochemically produced active species and photo-generated radicals, improve their performance when compared with the corresponding separate processes and with other physical or chemical approaches. In photo-assisted EAOPs the inactivation of pathogens takes place by means of mechanisms that occur at different distances from the anode, that is: (i) directly at the electrode's surface (direct oxidation), (ii) at the anode's vicinity by means of electrochemically generated hydroxyl radical species (quasi-direct), (iii) or at the bulk solution (away from the electrode surface) by photo-electrogenerated active species (indirect oxidation). This review addresses state of the art reports concerning the inactivation of pathogens in water by means of photo-assisted EAOPs such as photo-electrocatalytic process, photo-assisted electrochemical oxidation, photo-electrocoagulation and cathodic processes. By focusing on the oxidation mechanism, it was found that while quasi-direct oxidation is the preponderant inactivation mechanism, the photo-electrocatalytic process using semiconductor materials is the most studied method as revealed by numerous reports in the literature. Advantages, disadvantages, trends and perspectives for water disinfection in photo-assisted EAOPs are also analyzed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Daniel García-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Irma Robles
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - Luis A Godínez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico.
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Lin CJ, Zhang R, Waisner SA, Nawaz T, Center L, Gent DB, Johnson JL, Holland S. Effects of process factors on the performance of electrochemical disinfection for wastewater in a continuous-flow cell reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:36573-36584. [PMID: 33704635 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although electrochemical disinfection has been shown to be an effective approach to inactivate bacteria in saline water, the effects of process parameters and reactor design for its application in low-salinity water have not been well understood. In this study, factorial experiments were performed to investigate the direct and confounded effects of applied current (5-20 mA), contact time (2.5-20 min), anode surface area (185-370 cm2), and chloride concentration (50-400 mg L-1) on the disinfection efficiency in fresh water and the secondary effluent of municipal wastewater. An electrochemical disinfection reactor cell with an internal volume of 75 cm3 was designed and fabricated. Residence time distribution analysis showed that the internal mixing of the reactor is similar to that of a dispersed plug-flow reactor. All studied process parameters showed significant effect on the kill efficiency, with the applied current and contact time having the most dominant effect. Although the effect of chloride concentration, which is responsible for electrochemical production of free chlorine in water, is statistically significant, it is not as prominent as those reported for high salinity water. A synergistic effect between chloride concentration and anode surface area was identified, leading to high kill efficiency (99.9%, 3 log kill) at low current density (0.0135 mA cm-2). Response surface modeling results suggested that a scaled-up disinfection reactor can be designed using large anode surface area with long contact time for high chloride water (400 mg L-1) or high current density with short contact time for low chloride water (50 mg L-1). The power requirement of a portable system treating 37.85 m3 day-1 (10,000 gpd) of municipal wastewater was estimated to be 1.9 to 8.3 kW to achieve a 3 log kill, depending on the reactor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Jen Lin
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, 77710, USA.
- Center for Advances in Water & Air Quality, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, 77710, USA.
| | - Ruolin Zhang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, 77710, USA
| | - Scott A Waisner
- Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, 39180, USA
| | - Tabish Nawaz
- Center for Advances in Water & Air Quality, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, 77710, USA
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Maharashtra, 400076, India
| | - Lori Center
- Texas Research Institute for Environmental Studies, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, 77341, USA
| | - David B Gent
- Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, 39180, USA
| | - Jared L Johnson
- Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, 39180, USA
| | - Sabin Holland
- Texas Research Institute for Environmental Studies, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, 77341, USA
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11
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Yan C, Ma T, Wang M, Yang S, Yang L, Gao Y. Electrolysis-enhanced ecological floating bed and its factors influencing nitrogen and phosphorus removal in simulated hyper-eutrophic water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:22832-22842. [PMID: 33432406 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To enhance ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and phosphate (PO43--P) removal in hyper-eutrophic water, electrolysis-enhanced ecological floating bed (EEEFB) was designed with a Mg-Al alloy anode, a Ir-Ta-Ti metal oxide-coated titanium anode, and an Fe anode with the same graphite cathode. The results showed that the Mg-Al alloy anode with graphite cathode had a better ability to enhance NH3-N and PO43--P removal. When the current density was 0.37 mA·cm-2, the electrolysis time was 24 h/d, and the net removal rates of NH3-N and PO43--P were 62% and 99.4%, respectively. In winter, the purification efficiencies of NH3-N and PO43--P were as high as 7388.4 mg·m-2 and 4297.5 mg·m-2, respectively, by EEEFBs which were significantly higher than the traditional ecological floating bed (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray spectrometry confirmed that the PO43--P was deposited in the sediment of EEEFBs with Mg-Al alloy anode and Fe anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tangming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Patidar R, Srivastava VC. Mechanistic insight into ultrasound-induced enhancement of electrochemical oxidation of ofloxacin: Multi-response optimization and cost analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 257:127121. [PMID: 32512327 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a hybrid advanced oxidation process of sonoelectrochemical, in which ultrasound and electrochemical are applied simultaneously, has been used for the degradation of ofloxacin (bio-recalcitrant pharmaceutical pollutant). Response surface methodology based central composite design was applied to understand the parametric effects of ultrasonic power, current density, initial pH, and electrolyte dose. Enhanced ofloxacin degradation was obtained using sonoelectrochemical (≈95%) process in comparison to the electrochemical (≈60.6%) and sonolysis alone (≈7.2%) after 120 min treatment time. Multi-response optimization was used so as to maximize COD removal (70.12%) and minimize specific energy consumption (11.92 kWh (g COD removed)-1)at the optimized parametric condition of pH = 6.3 (natural pH), ultrasonic power = 54 W, current density = 213 A m-2, and Na2SO4 electrolyte dose = 2.0 g L-1. It was revealed that •OH radicals contribute major to the ofloxacin degradation reaction among the other oxidizing agents. Degradation of the ofloxacin followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with a higher reaction rate, which confirmed the synergistic effect of 34% between ultrasound and electrochemical approaches. The degradation pathway of ofloxacin removal was elucidated at optimum condition by the temporal evolution of the intermediate compounds and final products using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HR-MS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) coupled with energy dispersed X-ray (EDX) were used to determine the morphology of electrodes. Operational cost analysis was done based on the reactor employed in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Patidar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Vimal Chandra Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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13
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Isidro J, Brackemeyer D, Sáez C, Llanos J, Lobato J, Cañizares P, Matthée T, Rodrigo M. Electro-disinfection with BDD-electrodes featuring PEM technology. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Mesones S, Mena E, López-Muñoz MJ, Adán C, Marugán J. Synergistic and antagonistic effects in the photoelectrocatalytic disinfection of water with TiO2 supported on activated carbon as a bipolar electrode in a novel 3D photoelectrochemical reactor. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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15
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Isidro J, Brackemeyer D, Sáez C, Llanos J, Lobato J, Cañizares P, Matthée T, Rodrigo MA. How to avoid the formation of hazardous chlorates and perchlorates during electro-disinfection with diamond anodes? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 265:110566. [PMID: 32275236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on disinfection of water using electrolysis with diamond coatings avoiding or minimizing the formation of hazardous chlorates and perchlorates using a special type of commercial cells designed by CONDIAS (Itzehoe, Germany) in two different sizes: the CabECO and the MIKROZON cells. In these cells, the electrolyte that separates the anode and cathode is a proton exchange membrane. This helps to minimize the production of perchlorate and this behavior is enhanced in the smallest cell for which the very low contact times between the electrodes and the water allows to avoid the production of perchlorates when operating in a single-pass mode, which becomes a really remarkable point. In this paper, we report tests in which we demonstrate this outstanding performance and we also explain the differences observed in the two cells operating with the same water.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Isidro
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - D Brackemeyer
- CONDIAS GmbH, Fraunhoferstraße 1b, 25524, Itzehoe, Germany
| | - C Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - J Lobato
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - T Matthée
- CONDIAS GmbH, Fraunhoferstraße 1b, 25524, Itzehoe, Germany
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
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16
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Mamelkina MA, Herraiz-Carboné M, Cotillas S, Lacasa E, Sáez C, Tuunila R, Sillanpää M, Häkkinen A, Rodrigo MA. Treatment of mining wastewater polluted with cyanide by coagulation processes: A mechanistic study. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Jiang N, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Ye Z. Application of Ti/IrO 2 electrode in the electrochemical oxidation of the TNT red water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113801. [PMID: 31891908 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Via the thermal sintering, a nanocrystalline IrO2 coating was formed on the Ti substrate to successfully prepare a Ti/IrO2 electrode. Based on the electrochemical analysis, the prepared Ti/IrO2 electrode was found to have powerful oxidation effect on the organics in the TNT red water, where the nitro compound was oxidized through an irreversible electrochemical process at 0.6 V vs. SCE. According to the analysis of the nitro compound content, the UV-vis spectra, and the FTIR spectra of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) red water with electrolytic periods, the degradation mechanism of the dinitrotoluene sulfonate (DNTS) was developed. And the intermediates were characterized by UPLC-HRMS. The DNTS mainly occurred one electron transfer reaction on the Ti/IrO2 electrode. At the early stage of the electrolysis, the polymerization of DNTS was mainly dominated. The generated polymer did not form a polymer film on the electrode surface, but instead it promoted a further reduction. After electrolyzing for 30 h, all NO2 function group in the TNT red water was degraded completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuchao Wang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Quanlin Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhengfang Ye
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China.
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18
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Sánchez-Montes I, Pérez JF, Sáez C, Rodrigo MA, Cañizares P, Aquino JM. Assessing the performance of electrochemical oxidation using DSA® and BDD anodes in the presence of UVC light. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124575. [PMID: 31446274 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance of surface and ground water contamination by synthetic organic compounds has been pointed out in a very high number of papers worldwide, as well as the need of application of treatment technologies capable to assure their complete removal. Among these processes, the electrochemical advanced oxidation is an interesting option, especially when irradiated with UVC light (photo-electrochemical, P-EC) to promote homolysis of electrogenerated oxidants. In this work, the herbicide glyphosate (GLP) was used as model compound and it was electrochemically treated under UVC irradiation in the presence of NaCl and using a DSA® and BDD anodes. Total organic carbon concentration was measured throughout the electrolysis, as well as the concentration of short chain carboxylic acids and inorganic ions (NO3-, PO43-,ClO-, ClO3- and ClO4-). The synergism of the P-EC was more pronounced when using a DSA® electrode, which led to complete GLP mineralization in 1 h (0.52 A h L-1), as also confirmed by the stoichiometric formation of NO3- and PO43- ions, with an energy consumption as low as 1.25 kW h g-1. Unexpectedly, the concentration evolution of oxyhalides for the P-EC process using both anodes, especially for DSA® at 10 mA cm-2, showed the production of ClO3-, whereas detection of ClO4- species was only found when using BDD at 100 mA cm-2 for the electrochemical process. Finally, small amounts of carboxylic acids were detected, including dichloroacetic acid, especially when using a BDD electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Sánchez-Montes
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Química, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - José F Pérez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José M Aquino
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Química, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Gonzalez‐Rivas N, Reyes‐Pérez H, Barrera‐Díaz CE. Recent Advances in Water and Wastewater Electrodisinfection. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Gonzalez‐Rivas
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química SustentableUAEM-UNAM Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Km 14.5, Campus San Cayetano, C. P. 50200 Toluca México
| | - Horacio Reyes‐Pérez
- División de Ingeniería QuímicaTecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Jocotitlán Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco km 44.8, Ejido de San Juan y San Agustin Jocotitlán, Edo. México
| | - Carlos E. Barrera‐Díaz
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química SustentableUAEM-UNAM Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Km 14.5, Campus San Cayetano, C. P. 50200 Toluca México
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20
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Operating the CabECO® membrane electrolytic technology in continuous mode for the direct disinfection of highly fecal-polluted water. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Rice D, Westerhoff P, Perreault F, Garcia-Segura S. Electrochemical self-cleaning anodic surfaces for biofouling control during water treatment. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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22
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Isidro J, Llanos J, Sáez C, Lobato J, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Pre-disinfection columns to improve the performance of the direct electro-disinfection of highly faecal-polluted surface water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 222:135-140. [PMID: 29807263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the design and evaluation of a new concept of pre-disinfection treatment that is especially suited for highly polluted surface water and is based on the combination of coagulation-flocculation, lamellar sedimentation and filtration into a single-column unit, in which the interconnection between treatments is an important part of the overall process. The new system, the so-called PREDICO (PRE-DIsinfection Column) system, was built with low-cost consumables from hardware stores (in order to promote in-house construction of the system in poor countries) and was tested with a mixture of 20% raw wastewater and 80% surface water (in order to simulate an extremely bad situation). The results confirmed that the PREDICO system helps to avoid fouling in later electro-disinfection processes and attains a remarkable degree of disinfection (3-4 log units), which supplements the removal of pathogens attained by the electrolytic cell (more than 4 log units). The most important sizing parameters for the PREDICO system are the surface loading rate (SLR) and the hydraulic residence time (HRT); SLR values under 20 cm min-1 and HRT values over 13.6 min in the PREDICO system are suitable to warrant efficient performance of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Isidro
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Lobato
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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23
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Tirado L, Gökkuş Ö, Brillas E, Sirés I. Treatment of cheese whey wastewater by combined electrochemical processes. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-018-1218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Llanos J, Raschitor A, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Exploring the applicability of a combined electrodialysis/electro-oxidation cell for the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Cotillas S, Llanos J, Cañizares P, Clematis D, Cerisola G, Rodrigo MA, Panizza M. Removal of Procion Red MX-5B dye from wastewater by conductive-diamond electrochemical oxidation. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Overview of the Main Disinfection Processes for Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment Plants. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su10010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Raschitor A, Llanos J, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Novel integrated electrodialysis/electro-oxidation process for the efficient degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:85-89. [PMID: 28494364 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a novel approach of wastewater treatment technology that consists of a combined electrodialysis/electro-oxidation process, specially designed to allow increasing the efficiency in the oxidation of ionic organic pollutants contained in diluted waste. Respect to conventional electrolysis, the pollutant is simultaneously concentrated and oxidized, enhancing the performance of the cell due to the higher concentration achieved in the nearness of the anode. A proof of concept is tested with the ionic pesticide 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and results show that the efficiency of this new technology overcomes that electrolysis by more than double, regardless the supporting electrolyte used (either NaCl or Na2SO4). Moreover, the removal rate of 2,4-D when using NaCl was found to be more efficient, due to the best performance of the electrode material selected (DSA®) towards the formation of oxidants in chloride supporting electrolyte. These results open the way for overcoming the efficiency limitations of electrochemical treatment processes for the treatment of solutions with low concentrated ionic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raschitor
- Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Av. Camilo José Cela nº 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Av. Camilo José Cela nº 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - P Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Av. Camilo José Cela nº 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Av. Camilo José Cela nº 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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