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Bao J, Li S, Qv M, Wang W, Wu Q, Kristianto Nugroho Y, Huang L, Zhu L. Urea addition as an enhanced strategy for degradation of petroleum contaminants during co-composting of straw and pig manure: Evidences from microbial community and enzyme activity evaluation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130135. [PMID: 38043688 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in microbial community succession patterns and enzyme activities by petroleum pollutants during co-composting of straw and swine manure with the supplementary nitrogen source are unclear. In this study, urea was added into co-composting systems, and the removal performance of petroleum, microbial enzyme activity and community changes were investigated. Results showed that the polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities which were both related to the degradation of petroleum contaminants were accordingly increased from 20.65 to 30.31 U/g and from 171.87 to 231.86 U/g due to urea addition. The removal efficiency of petroleum contaminants in composting with urea increased from 45.06% to 82.29%. The addition of urea increased the diversity and abundance of petroleum-degrading microorganisms, and enhanced microbial linkages. This study provides a novel strategy for the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon as well as a new insight into the effect of urea on both microbial processes and composting phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Bao
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Shuangxi Li
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Mingxiang Qv
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Qirui Wu
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | | | - Lizhi Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, No. 8, East Lake South Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Liandong Zhu
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
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Zhang X, Zhang D, Chu S, Khalid M, Wang R, Chi Y, Duan X, Yang X, Zhou P. Employing salt-tolerant bacteria Serratia marcescens subsp. SLS for biodegradation of oily kitchen waste. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138655. [PMID: 37059197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The high oil and salt content of kitchen waste (KW) inhibit bioconversion and humus production. To efficiently degrade oily kitchen waste (OKW), a halotolerant bacterial strain, Serratia marcescens subsp. SLS which could transform various animal fats and vegetable oils, was isolated from KW compost. Its identification, phylogenetic analysis, lipase activity assays, and oil degradation in liquid medium were assessed, and then it was employed to carry out a simulated OKW composting experiment. In liquid medium, the 24 h degradation rate of mixed oils (soybean oil: peanut oil: olive oil: lard = 1:1:1:1, v/v/v/v) was up to 87.37% at 30 °C, pH 7.0, 280 rpm, 2% oil concentration and 3% NaCl concentration. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) method demonstrated that the mechanism of SLS strain metabolizing long-chain triglycerides (TAGs) (C53-C60), especially the biodegradation of TAG (C18:3/C18:3/C18:3) by the strain can reach more than 90%. Degradation of 5, 10, 15% concentrations of total mixed oil were also calculated to be 64.57, 71.25, 67.99% respectively after a simulated composting duration of 15 days. The results suggest that the isolated strain of S. marcescens subsp. SLS is suitable for OKW bioremediation in high NaCl concentration within a reasonably short period of time. The findings introduced a salt-tolerant and oil-degrading bacteria, providing insights into the mechanism of oil biodegradation and offering new avenues of study for OKW compost and oily wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200240, China; Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shaohua Chu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200240, China; Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Renyuan Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yaowei Chi
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiangyu Duan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xijia Yang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200240, China; Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200240, China; Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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3
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Fungal bioproducts for petroleum hydrocarbons and toxic metals remediation: recent advances and emerging technologies. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:393-428. [PMID: 35943595 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbons and toxic metals are sources of environmental contamination and are harmful to all ecosystems. Fungi have metabolic and morphological plasticity that turn them into potential prototypes for technological development in biological remediation of these contaminants due to their ability to interact with a specific contaminant and/or produced metabolites. Although fungal bioinoculants producing enzymes, biosurfactants, polymers, pigments and organic acids have potential to be protagonists in mycoremediation of hydrocarbons and toxic metals, they can still be only adjuvants together with bacteria, microalgae, plants or animals in such processes. However, the sudden accelerated development of emerging technologies related to the use of potential fungal bioproducts such as bioinoculants, enzymes and biosurfactants in the remediation of these contaminants, has boosted fungal bioprocesses to achieve higher performance and possible real application. In this review, we explore scientific and technological advances in bioprocesses related to the production and/or application of these potential fungal bioproducts when used in remediation of hydrocarbons and toxic metals from an integral perspective of biotechnological process development. In turn, it sheds light to overcome existing technological limitations or enable new experimental designs in the remediation of these and other emerging contaminants.
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Budzyńska S, Siwulski M, Budka A, Kalač P, Niedzielski P, Gąsecka M, Mleczek M. Mycoremediation of Flotation Tailings with Agaricus bisporus. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080883. [PMID: 36012872 PMCID: PMC9409750 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their enzymatic and bioaccumulation faculties the use of macromycetes for the decontamination of polluted matrices seems reasonable for bioremediation. For this reason, the aim of our study was to evaluate the mycoremediation ability of Agaricus bisporus cultivated on compost mixed with flotation tailings in different quantities (1, 5, 10, 15, and 20% addition). The biomass of the fruit bodies and the content of 51 major and trace elements were determined. Cultivation of A. bisporus in compost moderately polluted with flotation tailings yielded significantly lower (the first flush) and higher (the second flush) biomass of fruit bodies, compared with the control treatment. The presence of toxic trace elements did not cause any visible adverse symptoms for A. bisporus. Increasing the addition of flotation tailings to the compost induced an elevated level of most determined elements. A significant increase in rare earth elements (both flushes) and platinum group elements (first flush only) was observed. The opposite situation was recorded for major essential elements, except for Na and Mg in A. bisporus from the second flush under the most enriched compost (20%). Nevertheless, calculated bioaccumulation factor values showed a selective accumulation capacity—limited for toxic elements (except for Ag, As, and Cd) and the effective accumulation of B, Cu, K, and Se. The obtained results confirmed that A. bisporus can be used for practical application in mycoremediation in the industry although this must be preceded by larger-scale tests. This application seems to be the most favorable for media contaminated with selected elements, whose absorption by fruiting bodies is the most efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Budzyńska
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marek Siwulski
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Budka
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Pavel Kalač
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, 370 04 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Przemysław Niedzielski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Gąsecka
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland
| | - Mirosław Mleczek
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland
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Zhang H, Jiang L, Wang H, Li Y, Chen J, Li J, Guo H, Yuan X, Xiong T. Evaluating the remediation potential of MgFe 2O 4-montmorillonite and its co-application with biochar on heavy metal-contaminated soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134217. [PMID: 35288182 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel and efficient magnesium ferrite-modified montmorillonite (MgFe2O4-MMT) compound was prepared. MgFe2O4-MMT and biochar were mixed at 0:10, 1:9, 3:7, 4:6, and 10:0 w/w combinations and were used for heavy metal immobilization in soil polluted with multiple heavy metals. MgFe2O4-MMT can significantly increase soil alkalinity, and it exhibited the most optimal effect in immobilization of heavy metals in soil. The amounts of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn that were extracted by the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) decreased by 58.4%, 50.3%, 42.9%, and 24.7%, respectively. MgFe2O4-MMT can immobilize heavy metals through electrostatic interactions and cation exchange processes. Although, the immobilization of potentially toxic elements by MgFe2O4-MMT and biochar was inferior to that by MgFe2O4-MMT. The combined application of MgFe2O4-MMT and biochar dramatically increased the diversity and richness of the soil bacterial community. The Chao1 index for M3B7 treatment group was 1.7 and 1.2 times higher than that for the control and MgFe2O4-MMT treatment groups, respectively. The combination of biochar and MgFe2O4-MMT might be a cost-effective and ecological remediation approach for mild Pb and Cd contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyan Zhang
- School of Frontier Crossover Studies, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, 410205, PR China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Longbo Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Hou Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yifu Li
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, 410004, Changsha, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Frontier Crossover Studies, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, 410205, PR China
| | - Juanyong Li
- School of Frontier Crossover Studies, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, 410205, PR China
| | - Hai Guo
- School of Resources and Environment, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, 410205, PR China
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Ting Xiong
- School of Frontier Crossover Studies, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, 410205, PR China
- Institute of Digital Intelligence and Smart Society, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, 410205, PR China
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6
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Liu H, Wu M, Gao H, Yi N, Duan X. Hydrocarbon transformation pathways and soil organic carbon stability in the biostimulation of oil-contaminated soil: Implications of 13C natural abundance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147580. [PMID: 34034175 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mineralization, assimilation, and humification are key processes to detoxify oil-contaminated soil by biostimulation remediation strategies, and these processes are affected by stimulants. In this study, we investigated the effects of either inorganic salts or organic stimulants (organic compost and sawdust) on hydrocarbon transformation. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and hydrocarbon components were determined by gravimetry and gas chromatography, and the 13C of CO2, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and humus were measured by stable isotope mass spectrometry. The results showed that organic compost was the most beneficial for the dissipation of hydrocarbons. After 60 days of remediation, the removal rates of TPH, saturates, aromatics, C7-C30 n-alkanes, and 16 PAHs were 35.7%, 39.6%, 15.9%, 80.5%, and 8.8%, respectively. A total of 84.7%-88.5% of the removed hydrocarbons were mineralized in all the treatments. The hydrocarbon degradation pathway in the control soil (without stimulant addition) was "assimilation → humification → mineralization". The hydrocarbon transformation pathways in the biostimulation treatments were "assimilation → mineralization → humification". The soil organic carbon (SOC) stability decreased during remediation, which was attributed to the enhanced microbial activity and the removal of recalcitrant hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Manli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment, and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Huan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Ning Yi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xuhong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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7
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Li L, Xu J, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Ye Y. Efficient cyclic oxidation of macro long-chain alkanes in soil using Fenton oxidation with recyclable Fe. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126026. [PMID: 33992924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recyclable Fe in soil was prepared by using fermented food waste supernatant. The efficient cyclic oxidation of long-chain alkanes in oil-contaminated soils could be achieved by Fenton oxidation with the recyclable Fe. The oxidation efficiency of macro long-chain alkanes (C27-C30) from the first cycle (63.4%) to the last cycle (60.1%) showed no significant decrease during three-cycle Fenton oxidation with the recyclable Fe. However, for the oil-absorbing Fe prepared by HA and Fe-SOM prepared by Cs, the oxidation efficiency of C27-C30 could not be efficiently cyclic oxidized during three-cycle Fenton oxidation. Further analysis showed that the proportion of Fe(III) in the recyclable Fe was higher than that in the oil-absorbing Fe or the Fe-SOM, where the iron content was similar. Moreover, more fulvic-like acid and humic-like acid were found in the recyclable Fe, and thus many Fe(III) ions simultaneously combined with the fulvic-like acid and humic-like acid through -C-O-C and C˭O bonds in the recyclable Fe. It was the recyclable Fe with such a stable structure that could still maintain high catalytic activity and efficiently cyclic oxidize macro long-chain alkanes during three-cycle Fenton oxidation, which is valuable for its repeated use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129 Xi'an, PR China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 710055 Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jinlan Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 710055 Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Yuheng Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129 Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Zena Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129 Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yin Ye
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129 Xi'an, PR China
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Fortin Faubert M, Hijri M, Labrecque M. Short Rotation Intensive Culture of Willow, Spent Mushroom Substrate and Ramial Chipped Wood for Bioremediation of a Contaminated Site Used for Land Farming Activities of a Former Petrochemical Plant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:520. [PMID: 33802206 PMCID: PMC7999893 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the bioremediation impacts of willows grown in short rotation intensive culture (SRIC) and supplemented or not with spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and ramial chipped wood (RCW). Results did not show that SMS significantly improved either biomass production or phytoremediation efficiency. After the three growing seasons, RCW-amended S. miyabeana accumulated significantly more Zn in the shoots, and greater increases of some PAHs were found in the soil of RCW-amended plots than in the soil of the two other ground cover treatments' plots. Significantly higher Cd concentrations were found in the shoots of cultivar 'SX61'. The results suggest that 'SX61' have reduced the natural attenuation of C10-C50 that occurred in the unvegetated control plots. The presence of willows also tended to increase the total soil concentrations of PCBs. Furthermore, we found that many contaminant concentrations were subject to seasonal oscillations, showing average increases throughout the whole experimental site after a growing period, while showing significantly different variations, such as lesser increases or even decreases, after a dormant period. These observations suggest that contaminants may have leached or degraded faster in untreated conditions, and conversely to have mobilized towards trees through water flow driven by plant transpiration during growing seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Fortin Faubert
- Institut de Recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin Botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; (M.F.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Mohamed Hijri
- Institut de Recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin Botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; (M.F.F.); (M.H.)
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de Recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin Botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; (M.F.F.); (M.H.)
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9
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Tran HT, Lin C, Bui XT, Ngo HH, Cheruiyot NK, Hoang HG, Vu CT. Aerobic composting remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Current and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:142250. [PMID: 33207468 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive review on aerobic composting remediation of soil contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). The studies reviewed have demonstrated that composting technology can be applied to treat TPH contamination (as high as 380,000 mg kg-1) in clay, silt, and sandy soils successfully. Most of these studies reported more than 70% removal efficiency, with a maximum of 99%. During the composting process, the bacteria use TPHs as carbon and energy sources, whereas the fungi produce enzymes that can catalyze oxidation reactions of TPHs. The mutualistic and competitive interactions between the bacteria and fungi are believed to sustain a robust biodegradation system. The highest biodegradation rate is observed during the thermophilic phase. However, the presence of a diverse and dynamic microbial community ensures that TPH degradation occurs in the entire composting process. Initial concentration, soil type, soil/compost ratio, aeration rate, moisture content, C/N ratio, pH, and temperature affect the composting process and should be monitored and controlled to ensure successful degradation. Nevertheless, there is insufficient research on optimizing these operational parameters, especially for large-scale composting. Also, toxic and odorous gas emissions during degradation of TPHs, usually unaddressed, can be potential air pollution sources and need further insightful characterization and mitigation/control research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Tuan Tran
- College of Maritime, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chitsan Lin
- College of Maritime, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Huu-Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Nicholas Kiprotich Cheruiyot
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Giang Hoang
- College of Maritime, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Thanh Vu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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Huang Z, Wang D, Ayele BA, Zhou J, Srivastava I, Pan D, Wang Z, Chen Q. Enhancement of auxiliary agent for washing efficiency of diesel contaminated soil with surfactants. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126494. [PMID: 32443261 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We used five types of surfactants assisted with sodium salts, including sodium tartrate (ST), sodium chloride (SC), and humic acid sodium (HAS) as auxiliary agents for soil washing to remove diesel from contaminated soil. Decontamination enhancement of diesel polluted soil washing with biosurfactant and H2O2 was examined, which showed higher effectiveness for newly contaminated soil. An increase in temperature and sodium salt addition exhibited a profound enhancement in diesel removal from aged contaminated soils. Compared to ST and SC, HAS exhibited a higher removal efficiency with saponin washing for aged diesel contaminated soil by lowering surface tension, shifting zeta potential, and increasing the number of micelles. Phytotoxicity experiments showed no significant inhibition of germination of lettuce, arugula, and cucumber with 0.2 g L-1 saponin incubation. Conversely, there was a promotion on the root extension of lettuce and cucumber except for arugula. Similarly, the addition of 2% HAS (wight of saponin) improved on root growth of lettuce, arugula, and cucumber, increasing by 25%, 5%, and 22% at the period of 14 d, respectively. Because of excellent removal efficiency and non-toxicity, enhanced wash with saponin and HAS might be considered in the future design of full-scale remediation processes of diesel contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolu Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering College, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Daoyuan Wang
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Befkadu Abayneh Ayele
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering College, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering College, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Indrajit Srivastava
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Quanyuan Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering College, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Shanghai Institution of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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11
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Koolivand A, Saeedi R, Coulon F, Kumar V, Villaseñor J, Asghari F, Hesampoor F. Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons by vermicomposting process bioaugmentated with indigenous bacterial consortium isolated from petroleum oily sludge. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 198:110645. [PMID: 32344266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Finding a sound ecological-based approach for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) from petroleum oily sludge (POS) generated in oil refinery plants is still a challenge. This study investigated the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) using bioaugmentated composting (BC) by hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria (HDB) and vermicomposting (VC) by Eisenia fetida, individually and in combination (BCVC). After isolating two native bacterial strains from POS prepared from an oil refinery plant in Iran, the degradation capability of their consortium was initially assessed in mineral Bushnell-Haas medium (MBHM). Then, the biodegradation rates of POS in the BC, VC, and BCVC treatments containing different concentrations of TPHs (5, 10, and 20 g/kg) were determined by measuring TPHs before and after the biodegradation. The results showed that the consortium degraded 20-62% of TPHs contents of Kerosene (1-5%) in the MBHM after 7 days. After 12 weeks, the TPHs removal percentages in the BC, VC, and BCVC treatments were respectively found to be 81-83, 31-49, and 85-91 indicating the synergistic effect of bacteria and worms in bioremediation of POS. The PHCs biodegradation in the BC, VC, and BCVC experiments was fitted to 1st order model kinetics. The results of toxicity tests indicated that the values of the no observed lethal concentration (NOLC) and median lethal concentration (LC50) of TPHs were 2-5 and 14.64 g/kg, respectively after 28 days of earthworm exposure. Morphological impairments such as swelling, coiling, and curling were observed when TPHs concentration was even lower than NOLC. The study verified the effectiveness of vermicomposting bioaugmentated with the indigenous bacterial consortium for POS bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Koolivand
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Reza Saeedi
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE), School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Frederic Coulon
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
| | - José Villaseñor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical&Environmental Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/n,13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Fatemeh Asghari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Faezeh Hesampoor
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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12
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Dagher DJ, Pitre FE, Hijri M. Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Inoculation of Sphaerosporella brunnea Significantly Increased Stem Biomass of Salix miyabeana and Decreased Lead, Tin, and Zinc, Soil Concentrations during the Phytoremediation of an Industrial Landfill. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E87. [PMID: 32560046 PMCID: PMC7344794 DOI: 10.3390/jof6020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast growing, high biomass willows (Salix sp.) have been extensively used for the phytoremediation of trace element-contaminated environments, as they have an extensive root system and they tolerate abiotic stressors such as drought and metal toxicity. Being dual mycorrhizal plants, they can engage single or simultaneous symbiotic associations with both arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi, which can improve overall plant health and growth. The aim of this study was to test the effect of these mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and trace element (TE) extraction potential of willows. A field experiment was carried out where we grew Salix miyabeana clone SX67 on the site of a decommissioned industrial landfill, and inoculated the shrubs with an AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis, an EM fungus Sphaerosporella brunnea, or a mixture of both. After two growing seasons, the willows inoculated with the EM fungus S. brunnea produced significantly higher biomass. Ba, Cd and Zn were found to be phytoextracted to the aerial plant biomass, where Cd presented the highest bioconcentration factor values in all treatments. Additionally, the plots where the willows received the S. brunnea inoculation showed a significant decrease of Cu, Pb, and Sn soil concentrations. AM fungi inoculation and dual inoculation did not significantly influence biomass production and soil TE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri J. Dagher
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; (D.J.D.); (F.E.P.)
| | - Frédéric E. Pitre
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; (D.J.D.); (F.E.P.)
| | - Mohamed Hijri
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; (D.J.D.); (F.E.P.)
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
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13
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Akhtar N, Mannan MAU. Mycoremediation: Expunging environmental pollutants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 26:e00452. [PMID: 32617263 PMCID: PMC7322808 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mycoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, challenges, and strategies to overcome. Role of the fungi in eradicating heavy metal contamination from the polluted sites. Mycoremediation of agricultural wastes including pesticides, herbicides, and cyanotoxins. Pharmaceutical wastes and strategies for its remediation using white-rot and ligninolytic fungus.
The ever-increasing population, rapid rate of urbanization, and industrialization are exacerbating the pollution-related problems. Soil and water pollution affect human health and the ecosystem. Thus, it is crucial to develop strategies to combat this ever-growing problem. Mycoremediation, employing fungi or its derivatives for remediation of environmental pollutants, is a comparatively cost-effective, eco-friendly, and effective method. It has advantages over other conventional and bioremediation methods. In this review, we have elucidated the harmful effects of common pollutants on public health and the environment. The role of several fungi in degrading these pollutants such as heavy metals, agricultural, pharmaceutical wastes, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, is enumerated. Future strategies to improve the rate and efficiency of mycoremediation are suggested. The manuscript describes the strategies which can be used as a future framework to address the global problem of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Akhtar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi, G.T. Road, Punjab 144401, India
| | - M Amin-Ul Mannan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi, G.T. Road, Punjab 144401, India.,Department of Trans-Disciplinary Research, Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi, G.T. Road, Punjab 144401, India
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14
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Abtahi H, Parhamfar M, Saeedi R, Villaseñor J, Sartaj M, Kumar V, Coulon F, Parhamfar M, Didehdar M, Koolivand A. Effect of competition between petroleum-degrading bacteria and indigenous compost microorganisms on the efficiency of petroleum sludge bioremediation: Field application of mineral-based culture in the composting process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 258:110013. [PMID: 31929055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of competition between isolated petroleum-degrading bacteria (PDB) and indigenous compost microorganisms (ICM) on the efficiency of composting process in bioremediation of petroleum waste sludge (PWS) was investigated. After isolating two native PDB (Acinetobacter radioresistens strain KA5 and Enterobacter hormaechei strain KA6) from PWS, their ability for growth and crude oil degradation was examined in the mineral-based culture (MBC). Then, the PDB isolate were inoculated into the composting experiments and operated for 12 weeks. The results showed that the PDB degraded 21.65-68.73% of crude oil (1-5%) in the MBC after 7 days. The PDB removed 84.30% of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPHs) in the composting bioreactor containing the initial TPH level of 20 g kg-1. Removal of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) in the composting experiments proceeded according to the first-order kinetics. The computed values of degradation rate constants and half-lives showed a better performance of the PDB than ICM for TPHs removal. This finding suggests that simultaneous application of the PDB and ICM in the composting reactors resulted in a decline in the effectiveness of the PDB which is due to competition between them. The study also verified that the capability of PDB in degrading PHCs can be successfully scaled-up from MBC to composting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Abtahi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Milad Parhamfar
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Duissburg-Essen University, Essen, Germany
| | - Reza Saeedi
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE), School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - José Villaseñor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical&Environmental Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Majid Sartaj
- University of Ottawa, Department of Civil Engineering, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
| | - Frederic Coulon
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Parhamfar
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Didehdar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ali Koolivand
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
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15
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Dickson UJ, Coffey M, George Mortimer RJ, Smith B, Ray N, Di Bonito M. Investigating the potential of sunflower species, fermented palm wine and Pleurotus ostreatus for treatment of petroleum-contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124881. [PMID: 31574438 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phyto- and myco-remediation have been identified as sustainable options for treatment of petroleum-contaminated soils. To appraise the benefits thereof, the potentials of 3 sunflower species, 2 palm wine types and P. ostreatus to treat petroleum-contaminated soils was investigated. The study involved sampling of petroleum-contaminated soils and treatment with the phyto- and myco-remediation agents for a period of 90-days. Agents used for the remediation were 3 species of sunflowers (Helianthus annus-pacino gold, Helianthus sunsation &Helianthus annus-sunny dwarf), fermented palm wine (from 2 species of palm trees -Elaeis guineensis &Raffia africana), and oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). The study further investigated variation in remediation efficiency among the sunflower and palm wine species, as well as different substrates and conditions for optimal application of P. ostreatus. The results obtained revealed up to 340 g/kg dry weight of Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in the soils, with remediation outcomes of up to 69% by the sunflower- Helianthus annus (Pacino gold), 70% by fermented palm wine, and 85% by P. ostreatus. While the remediation efficiency of sunflower species was proportional to biomass, there was no significant difference in remediation efficiency of the palm wines. It was also found that substrates type and method of application has a significant impact on the remediation efficiency of P. ostreatus. The study further revealed available nitrate and electrical conductivity as possible useful indicators of TPHs concentration and remediation progress in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udeme John Dickson
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst, Southwell, Nottinghamshire NG25 0QF, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael Coffey
- Department of Chemistry & Forensic Sciences, School of Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, NG11 8NS, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert John George Mortimer
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst, Southwell, Nottinghamshire NG25 0QF, United Kingdom
| | - Barry Smith
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst, Southwell, Nottinghamshire NG25 0QF, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Ray
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst, Southwell, Nottinghamshire NG25 0QF, United Kingdom
| | - Marcello Di Bonito
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst, Southwell, Nottinghamshire NG25 0QF, United Kingdom
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16
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Robichaud K, Stewart K, Labrecque M, Hijri M, Cherewyk J, Amyot M. An ecological microsystem to treat waste oil contaminated soil: Using phytoremediation assisted by fungi and local compost, on a mixed-contaminant site, in a cold climate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 672:732-742. [PMID: 30974363 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a result of anthropization and industrialization, northern remote communities face issues of soil contamination by mixtures of organic and inorganic contaminants. Soil bioremediation in cold environments is particularly challenging because of slower degradation rates, slower production of biomass for phytoextraction of trace elements (TEs), and remoteness, which can complicate logistics and inflate costs. This study evaluated a decontamination approach integrating indigenous willows, fungi and compost in a northern community. The site was a waste oil pit and its soil was initially contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) exceeding 200 g kg-1 and TEs including As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. In under five years, 65 and 75% of PHC (C6-C50 and >C50) were degraded, compared to 27 and 13% for the untreated control soil. We found contrasting TE translocation patterns to the aboveground biomass for the willow species used (Salix planifolia and Salix alaxensis), as well as distinctive rooting strategies. Hazard quotients were calculated to assess the risk plant material could pose to local wildlife. The highest TE concentration measured was Zn in S. planifolia, which exceeded Canadian soil guidelines. Results indicate toxicity risks to animals linked to TEs in Salix spp. leaves is generally unlikely. The fungus Trametes versicolor inoculated into the soil did not fruit, however fruiting bodies of Psathyrella sp. were observed consistently (four out of five years). Biological tests indicated that in five growing seasons soil toxicity significantly decreased compared to the untreated soil used as control. This was demonstrated by vegetation cover (137 vs 11% cover), toxicity assays on earthworms (Eisenia andrei) (0 vs 33% mortality) and barley seed germination (Hordeum vulgare) (86 vs 62% germination). The proposed decontamination approach, without the use of synthetic fertilizers, is promising for the PHC remediation of mixed-contaminants on cold climate sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawina Robichaud
- Center for Northern Studies, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, 90 Vincent d'Indy, Montreal, QC H2V2S9, Canada
| | - Katherine Stewart
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr. Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; Yukon Research Center, Yukon College, 500 College drive, Whitehorse, YK Y1A 5K4, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Street East, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Mohamed Hijri
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Street East, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Jensen Cherewyk
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr. Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Marc Amyot
- Center for Northern Studies, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, 90 Vincent d'Indy, Montreal, QC H2V2S9, Canada.
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