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Malloggi C, Tinacci L, Giusti A, Galli F, Dall'Ara S, Marconi P, Gasperetti L, Armani A. Accidental discovery of a Tetraodontidae ( Sphoeroides marmoratus) within a cuttlefish ( Sepia officinalis) bought in a fish shop in Italy: risk assessment associated with the presence of Tetrodotoxin. Ital J Food Saf 2023; 12:11117. [PMID: 37405149 PMCID: PMC10316238 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2023.11117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of a pufferfish specimen (Tetraodontidae) inside a frozen cuttlefish, purchased by a fishmonger, and caught in the Eastern Central Atlantic (FAO 34) is reported. The consumer, who reported this case to FishLab (Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa) for investigation, was a student of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Pisa. He recognized the Tetraodontidae because he attended practical lessons on fish morphological identification during the course of food inspection and was aware of the risks to human health linked to the Tetrodotoxin (TTX). In this study, the pufferfish was identified morphologically, using the FAO morphological keys, and molecularly, analyzing two markers, the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and the cytochrome b genes, by DNA barcoding. The pufferfish was identified morphologically as Sphoeroides spp., and molecularly as Sphoeroides marmoratus using the COI gene (99-100% identity values). Literature reports that S. marmoratus from the Eastern Atlantic contains high concentrations of TTX in the gonads and the digestive tract. However, the possible passage of TTX from fish to other organisms linked to contact or ingestion has never been reported. This represents the first case of a potentially toxic pufferfish entering the market inside another organism. The fact that a student observed this occurrence highlights the key role of citizen science in the management of emerging risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Malloggi
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa
| | - Lara Tinacci
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa
| | - Alice Giusti
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa
| | - Federico Galli
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa
| | - Sonia Dall'Ara
- Marine Research Center Foundation, National Reference Laboratory on Marine Biotoxins, Cesenatico
| | - Paola Marconi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lazio and Tuscany M. Aleandri, UOT Toscana Nord, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Gasperetti
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lazio and Tuscany M. Aleandri, UOT Toscana Nord, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Armani
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa
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Malloggi C, Rizzo B, Giusti A, Guardone L, Gasperetti L, Dall’Ara S, Armani A. First Toxicological Analysis of the Pufferfish Sphoeroides pachygaster Collected in Italian Waters (Strait of Sicily): Role of Citizens Science in Monitoring Toxic Marine Species. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1873. [PMID: 37889799 PMCID: PMC10252100 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pufferfish (Tetraodontidae) inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea may represent an emerging public health risk due to the possible accumulation of marine neurotoxins such as tetrodotoxin (TTXs) and saxitoxin (STXs) in their tissues. In this study, the presence of pufferfish species in the Strait of Sicily (Lampedusa Island, Italy) was investigated using a citizen science (CS) approach, involving local fishermen. Samples (liver, intestine, gonads, muscle, skin) from 20 specimens were sent to the National Reference Laboratory on Marine Biotoxins for TTXs detection using a validated HILIC-MS/MS method on fish tissue. The presence of STXs was also screened in part of the specimens. Overall, 56 specimens identified as Sphoeroides pachygaster (Müller &Troschel, 1848) were collected. Data on their total length, body weight, fishing method and catch area (with relative depth temperature and salinity) were analyzed and compared with the S. pachygaster records reported in literature which were updated to 2022. All the analysed tissues were found to be negative for both TTXs and STXs. CS played an essential role in monitoring potentially toxic marine species in this investigation. Outcomes from this study, which is the first investigating S. pachygaster toxicity in Italian waters, may provide useful data for the proper assessment of this emerging risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Malloggi
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.M.); (A.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Biagio Rizzo
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.M.); (A.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Alice Giusti
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.M.); (A.G.); (L.G.)
| | - Lisa Guardone
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.M.); (A.G.); (L.G.)
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Gasperetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, 00178 Roma, Italy;
| | - Sonia Dall’Ara
- Fondazione Centro Ricerche Marine, National Reference Laboratory on Marine Biotoxins, Viale A. Vespucci 2, 47042 Cesenatico, Italy;
| | - Andrea Armani
- FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.M.); (A.G.); (L.G.)
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de Azevedo GPR, Mattsson HK, Tonon LAC, Arruda T, Salazar V, Bielinski V, Chagas F, Tschoeke DA, Thompson CC, Thompson FL. Vibrio fluminensis sp. nov. isolated from the skin of Southern Atlantic sharpnose-pufferfish (Canthigaster figueiredoi). Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:664. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Covering: 2020This review covers the literature published in 2020 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 757 citations (747 for the period January to December 2020) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1407 in 420 papers for 2020), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Pertinent reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. A meta analysis of bioactivity data relating to new MNPs reported over the last five years is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Carroll
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. .,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Enivironment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Chimetto Tonon LA, Rua C, Crnkovic CM, Bernardi DI, Pires Junior OR, Haddad CFB, Pedrosa CSG, Souza LRQ, Rehen SK, de Azevedo GPR, Thompson CC, Thompson FL, Berlinck RGS. Microbiome associated with the tetrodotoxin-bearing anuran Brachycephalus pitanga. Toxicon 2021; 203:139-146. [PMID: 34653444 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The genus Brachycephalus includes small species of aposematic anurans known as microendemic, occurring in the mountains of the Atlantic Forest. Brachycephalus ephippium, B. nodoterga and B. pernix have been reported to contain the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin in skin and viscera. The biological conservation of several Brachycephalus species is currently threatened by climate change, deforestation, and the pandemic caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Despite the well-known importance of amphibians' associated bacteria in the defensive role against pathogens, there is still a poor understanding of amphibian microbiome composition. The present study investigated the composition of B. pitanga microbial community and the presence of TTX in the host and in cultures of bacterial isolates, using a combination of metagenomics, bacterial culture isolation, mass spectrometry and metabolomic analyses. Results of culture-dependent and -independent analyses characterized the microbial communities associated with the skin and viscera of B. pitanga. Mass spectrometry analysis indicated the presence of TTX in host tissues, while bacterial production of TTX was not observed under the experimental conditions used in this investigation. This is the first report confirming the occurrence of TTX in B. pitanga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane A Chimetto Tonon
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Biologia, SAGE-COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ, Brazil.
| | - Cintia Rua
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Biologia, SAGE-COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila M Crnkovic
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica (FBT), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Darlon I Bernardi
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmindo R Pires Junior
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Célio F B Haddad
- Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Stevens K Rehen
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ, Brazil
| | - Gustavo P R de Azevedo
- Instituto de Biologia, SAGE-COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiane C Thompson
- Instituto de Biologia, SAGE-COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabiano L Thompson
- Instituto de Biologia, SAGE-COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ, Brazil.
| | - Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Kudo Y, Hanifin CT, Kotaki Y, Yotsu-Yamashita M. Structures of N-Hydroxy-Type Tetrodotoxin Analogues and Bicyclic Guanidinium Compounds Found in Toxic Newts. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2706-2717. [PMID: 32896120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1), a potent neurotoxin widely distributed in marine and terrestrial metazoans, remains unresolved. A significant issue has been identifying intermediates and shunt products associated with the biosynthetic pathway of TTX. We investigated TTX biosynthesis by screening and identifying new TTX-related compounds from Cynops ensicauda popei and Taricha granulosa. Mass spectrometry (MS)-guided screening identified two new N-hydroxy TTX analogues in newts: 1-hydroxy-8-epiTTX (2) and 1-hydroxy-8-epi-5,11-dideoxyTTX (3, previously reported as 1-hydroxy-5,11-dideoxyTTX). We prepared a new analogue, 8-epi-5,11-dideoxyTTX (4), from 3 via N-OH reduction and confirmed the presence of 4 in T. granulosa using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-LCMS. The presence of 8-epi-type TTX analogues in both Cynops and Taricha supports a branched biosynthetic pathway of terrestrial TTX, which produces 6- and 8-epimers. In addition, new bicyclic guanidinium compounds Tgr-238 (5) and Tgr-240 (6) were identified as putative shunt products of our proposed TTX biosynthesis pathway. A structural analysis of Cep-228A (7), another bicyclic compound, was performed using NMR. Based on the structures of 5-7 and their analogues, we propose a model of the shunt and metabolic pathways of the terrestrial TTX biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kudo
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Charles T Hanifin
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Uintah Basin Campus, 320 N. Aggie Boulevard (2000 W.), Vernal, Utah 84078, United States
| | - Yuichi Kotaki
- Fukushima College, 1-1 Chigoike Miyashiro, Fukushima 960-0181, Japan
| | - Mari Yotsu-Yamashita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
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Pharmacological profile of natural and synthetic compounds with rigid adamantane-based scaffolds as potential agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:1225-1241. [PMID: 32819589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review is dedicated to the comparative analysis of structure-activity relationships for more than 75 natural and synthetic derivatives of adamantane. Some of these compounds, such as amantadine and memantine, are currently used to treat dementia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and other neurodegenerative diseases. The data presented show that the pharmacological potential of 1-fluoro- and 1-phosphonic acid adamantane derivatives against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and other neurodegenerative diseases exceeds those of well-known amantadine and memantine. The information presented in this review highlights the promising directions of studies for biochemists, pharmacologists, medicinal chemists, physiologists, and neurologists, as well as to the pharmaceutical industry.
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Zhang X, Zong J, Chen S, Li M, Lu Y, Wang R, Xu H. Accumulation and Elimination of Tetrodotoxin in the Pufferfish Takifugu obscurus by Dietary Administration of the Wild Toxic Gastropod Nassarius semiplicata. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12050278. [PMID: 32344936 PMCID: PMC7290894 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate pufferfish accumulation, elimination, and distribution of tetrodotoxin (TTX), Takifugu obscurus was fed with wild TTX-containing gastropod Nassarius semiplicata to simulate the natural food chain. Three-month-old non-poisonous T. obscurus was fed with wild toxic N. semiplicata at three exposure dose for 28 days, and later, with toxin-free food until day 67. Three fish individuals from each treatment were sampled, and the distribution of TTX in different tissues was measured. The results showed that the accumulation ratio of TTX in the three exposure dose groups ranged from 35.76% to 40.20%. The accumulation ratio in the skin and liver was the highest amongst all tissues, accounting for more than 85% of the total TTX, whereas that in the kidney and gallbladder was the lowest (0.11–0.78%). Studies on the kinetic of TTX accumulation and elimination revealed that the skin was the tissue with the highest accumulation speed constant (8.06), while the liver, kidney, and intestinal tract showed the highest speed of TTX elimination. The time required for TTX reduction to reach the safety limit could be predicted by using standard elimination equations. Qualitative analysis by UPLC-MS/MS revealed the occurrence of seven TTX derivatives in T. obscurus; of these TTX, 5-deoxy TTX, 11-deoxy TTX, 4,9-anhydro TTX were found in all tested tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Quality Safety, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhoushan 316100, China; (X.Z.); (S.C.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Mariculture & Enhancement, Zhoushan 316100, China
| | - Jingjing Zong
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.W.)
| | - Si Chen
- Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Quality Safety, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhoushan 316100, China; (X.Z.); (S.C.)
- Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Mariculture & Enhancement, Zhoushan 316100, China
| | - Menglong Li
- Quality and Standard Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China;
| | - Yibo Lu
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.W.)
| | - Ruirui Wang
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.W.)
| | - Hanxiang Xu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Quality Safety, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhoushan 316100, China; (X.Z.); (S.C.)
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (R.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0580-2299-882
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