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Zahed MA, Salehi S, Khoei MA, Esmaeili P, Mohajeri L. Risk assessment of Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl benzene, and Xylene (BTEX) in the atmospheric air around the world: A review. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 98:105825. [PMID: 38615724 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds, such as BTEX, have been the subject of numerous debates due to their detrimental effects on the environment and human health. Human beings have had a significant role in the emergence of this situation. Even though US EPA, WHO, and other health-related organizations have set standard limits as unhazardous levels, it has been observed that within or even below these limits, constant exposure to these toxic chemicals results in negative consequences as well. According to these facts, various studies have been carried out all over the world - 160 of which are collected within this review article, so that experts and governors may come up with effective solutions to manage and control these toxic chemicals. The outcome of this study will serve the society to evaluate and handle the risks of being exposed to BTEX. In this review article, the attempt was to collect the most accessible studies relevant to risk assessment of BTEX in the atmosphere, and for the article to contain least bias, it was reviewed and re-evaluated by all authors, who are from different institutions and backgrounds, so that the insights of the article remain unbiased. There may be some limitations to consistency or precision in some points due to the original sources, however the attempt was to minimize them as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samira Salehi
- Department of Health, Safety and Environment, Petropars Company, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahtab Akbarzadeh Khoei
- Department of Fiber and Particle Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pedram Esmaeili
- Department of Fiber and Particle Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leila Mohajeri
- Department of HSE, Ostovan Kish Drilling Company (OKDC), No. 148, Dastgerdi Street (Zafar), Tehran, Iran
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2
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Dong Z, Zhang D, Wang T, Song X, Hao Y, Wang S, Wang S. Sources and environmental impacts of volatile organic components in a street canyon: Implication for vehicle emission. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170569. [PMID: 38296102 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Street canyons serve as a representative environment that directly reflects the impact of vehicular emissions. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sampling during an O3 pollution event and a PM2.5 pollution episode was conducted at an urban site and a street canyon in Zhengzhou, China. It has been determined that street canyons suffer from more severe particle and NOx pollution than the urban site. Additionally, O3 has been identified as a significant or emerging pollutant in street canyon environments. In terms of VOCs, the street canyon exhibits 1.4 and 1.1 times higher total VOC concentrations compared to the urban site during the O3 and PM2.5 pollution episodes, respectively. In the street canyon location, there was a slight increase in the proportion of alkanes and aromatics, while the proportions of oxygenated VOCs and halogenated hydrocarbons decreased. Source apportionment analysis reveals that street canyons were more susceptible to the accumulation of VOCs from coating solvent, liquid petroleum gas (LPG), and gasoline additives. Consequently, the environmental impacts of VOCs originating from coating solvent and LPG were more pronounced in the street canyon location compared to the urban site. The trends of NOx concentration indicate that future continuously stricter vehicle emission standards and control policies can further reduce vehicle exhaust emissions and more attention needs to be focused on the reduction of non-exhaust emissions (i.e., coating solvent) and LPG vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangsen Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xinshuai Song
- Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yanyan Hao
- Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Shenbo Wang
- Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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3
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Kieu M, Comber A, Nguyen Thi Thuy H, Bui Quang T, Hoang Huu P, Malleson N. An open dataset on individual perceptions of transport policies. Sci Data 2024; 11:104. [PMID: 38253535 PMCID: PMC10803299 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-02950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Many cities are facing challenges caused by the increasing use of motorised transport and Hanoi, Vietnam, is no exception. The proliferation of petrol powered motorbikes has caused serious problems of congestion, pollution, and road safety. This paper reports on a new survey dataset that was created as part of the Urban Transport Modelling for Sustainable Well-Being in Hanoi (UTM-Hanoi) project. The survey of nearly 30,000 respondents gathers data on households' demographics, perceptions, opinions and stated behaviours. The data are informative in their own right and have also been used to experiment with multi-scale spatial statistics, synthetic population generation and machine learning approaches to predicting an individual's perceptions of potential government policies. The paper reports on the key findings from the survey and conducts a technical validation to contrast the outcomes to similar datasets that are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Kieu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Alexis Comber
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Thanh Bui Quang
- Faculty of Geography, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Nick Malleson
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- Alan Turing Institute, NW1 2DB, London, UK
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Bahia PVB, Nascimento MM, da Rocha GO, de Andrade JB, Machado ME. Quantification of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles in fine airborne urban particles (PM 2.5) after multivariate optimization of a green procedure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165465. [PMID: 37451461 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs), such as benzothiophenes (BT), dibenzothiophenes (DBT) and benzonapthothiophenes (BNT), can be emitted from vehicular traffic and deposited in fine particles matter (PM2.5). The presence of these compounds in PM2.5 is an environmental concern due to air pollution and its toxic properties. In this study, a green microscale solid-liquid extraction method was developed to determine twenty-three PASHs in PM2.5. A simplex-centroid mixture design was applied to optimize the extraction solvent. A full factorial design was used for preliminary evaluation of the factors that influence the extraction process (extraction time, sample size, and solvent volume) and then a Doehlert design for the significant parameters. The optimal extraction conditions based on the experimental design were: sample size, 4.15 cm2; 450 μL of toluene:dichloromethane (80:20,v/v); and extraction duration, 24 min. High sensitivity (LOD < 0.66pg m-3 and LOQ < 2.21 pg m-3) and acceptable recovery (82.8-120 %), and precision (RSD 3.6-14.0 %) were obtained. The greenness of the method was demonstrated using the Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) tool. The method was applied for analyzing PASHs in PM2.5 samples collected in three time intervals per day from years with different sulfur contents in the diesel: S-500 (≤500 ppm sulfur) and S-50 (≤50 ppm sulfur). Fourteen PASHs were quantified with the highest concentrations observed for 2,8-DMDBT and 4,6-DMDBT, which are recalcitrant compounds. The ANOVA test indicated significant differences between sampling periods during the day. The reduction of diesel S-500 to S-50 corresponded to a 28 % decrease in the total sum of PASHs (∑PASHs) evaluated. Spearman's rank correlations allowed for verifying that BTs and DBTs were highly correlated, suggesting that they were derived from similar sources. A weak correlation of 2,1-BNT and 2,3-BNT with BTs and DBTs indicates that these compounds are a chemical proxy for the emission of diesel engines during the combustion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Victor Bomfim Bahia
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente-CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Madson Moreira Nascimento
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente-CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente-INCT E&A, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Gisele Olimpio da Rocha
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente-CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente-INCT E&A, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Jailson Bittencourt de Andrade
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente-CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente-INCT E&A, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Universitário SENAI-CIMATEC, Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845 Piatã, 41650-010, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabete Machado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente-CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente-INCT E&A, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Lau YS, Poon HY, Organ B, Chuang HC, Chan MN, Guo H, Ho SSH, Ho KF. Toxicological effects of fresh and aged gasoline exhaust particles in Hong Kong. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129846. [PMID: 36063712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exhaust emissions from gasoline vehicles are one of the major contributors to aerosol particles observed in urban areas. It is well-known that these tiny particles are associated with air pollution, climate forcing, and adverse health effects. However, their toxicity and bioreactivity after atmospheric ageing are less constrained. The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical and toxicological properties of fresh and aged particulate matter samples derived from gasoline exhaust emissions. Chemical analyses showed that both fresh and aged PM samples were rich in organic carbon, and the dominating chemical species were n-alkane and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Comparisons between fresh and aged samples revealed that the latter contained larger amounts of oxygenated compounds. In most cases, the bioreactivity induced by the aged PM samples was significantly higher than that induced by the fresh samples. Moderate to weak correlations were identified between chemical species and the levels of biomarkers in the fresh and aged PM samples. The results of the stepwise regression analysis suggested that n-alkane and alkenoic acid were major contributors to the increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the fresh samples, while polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and monocarboxylic acid were the main factors responsible for such increase in the aged samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik-Sze Lau
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Now at: International Laboratory of Air Quality and Health (ILAQR), Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Hon-Yin Poon
- Earth System Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Bruce Organ
- Jockey Club Heavy Vehicle Emissions Testing and Research Centre, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Man-Nin Chan
- Earth System Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hai Guo
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmosphere Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, United States; Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Cheung Sha Wan, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Zulkifli MFH, Hawari NSSL, Latif MT, Hamid HHA, Mohtar AAA, Idris WMRW, Mustaffa NIH, Juneng L. Volatile organic compounds and their contribution to ground-level ozone formation in a tropical urban environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134852. [PMID: 35533940 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the trends of volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations and their potential contribution to O3 formation. The hourly data (August 2017 to July 2018) for 29 VOCs were obtained from three Malaysian Department of Environment continuous air quality monitoring stations with different urban backgrounds (Shah Alam, Cheras, Seremban). The Ozone Formation Potential (OFP) was calculated based on the individual Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) and VOC concentrations. The results showed that the highest mean total VOC concentrations were recorded at Cheras (148 ± 123 μg m-3), within the Kuala Lumpur urban environment, followed by Shah Alam (124 ± 116 μg m-3) and Seremban (86.4 ± 89.2 μg m-3). VOCs such as n-butane, ethene, ethane and toluene were reported to be the most abundant species at all the selected stations, with overall mean concentrations of 16.6 ± 11.9 μg m-3, 12.1 ± 13.3 μg m-3, 10.8 ± 11.9 μg m-3 and 9.67 ± 9.00 μg m-3, respectively. Alkenes (51.3-59.1%) and aromatic hydrocarbons (26.4-33.5%) have been identified as the major contributors to O3 formation in the study areas based on the overall VOC measurements. Relative humidity was found to influence the concentrations of VOCs more than other meteorological parameters. Overall, this study will contribute to further understanding of the distribution of VOCs and their contribution to O3 formation, particularly in the tropical urban environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Faizul Hilmi Zulkifli
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia; Air Division, Department of Environment, Ministry of Environment and Water, 62574, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Nor Syamimi Sufiera Limi Hawari
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Talib Latif
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia; Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Haris Hafizal Abd Hamid
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Anis Asma Ahmad Mohtar
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Wan Mohd Razi Wan Idris
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Nur Ili Hamizah Mustaffa
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Liew Juneng
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia
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7
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Palladium-Doped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as a New Adsorbent for Detecting and Trapping Volatile Organic Compounds: A First Principle Study. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152572. [PMID: 35957007 PMCID: PMC9370723 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are in the vapor state in the atmosphere and are considered pollutants. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations with the wb97xd exchange correlation functional and the 6-311+G(d,p) basis set are carried out to explore the potential possibility of palladium-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes (Pd/SWCNT-V), serving as the resource for detecting and/or adsorbing acetonitrile (ACN), styrene (STY), and perchloroethylene (PCE) molecules as VOCs. The suggested adsorbent in this study is discussed with structural parameters, frontier molecular orbital theory, molecular electrical potential surfaces (MEPSs), natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses, and the density of states. Furthermore, following the Bader theory of atoms in molecules (AIM), the topological properties of the electron density contributions for intermolecular interactions are analyzed. The obtained results show efficient VOC loading via a strong chemisorption process with a mean adsorption energy of −0.94, −1.27, and −0.54 eV for ACN, STY, and PCE, respectively. Our results show that the Pd/SWCNT-V can be considered a good candidate for VOC removal from the environment.
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Chen D, Liu R, Lin Q, Ma S, Li G, Yu Y, Zhang C, An T. Volatile organic compounds in an e-waste dismantling region: From spatial-seasonal variation to human health impact. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:130022. [PMID: 33647682 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The dismantling of electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) can release various Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), impacting the surrounding ambient environment. We investigated the spatio-temporal characteristics and health risks of the ambient VOCs emitted in a typical e-waste dismantling region by conducting multi-site sampling campaigns in four seasons. The pollution of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) in the e-waste dismantling park has relation to e-waste dismantling by seasonal trend analysis. The highest concentrations of most VOCs occurred in winter and autumn, while the lowest levels were observed in summer and spring. The spatial distribution map revealed the e-waste dismantling park to be a hotspot of BTEX, 1,2-dichloropropane (1,2-DCP), and 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA), while two major residential areas were also the hotspots of BTEX. The e-waste emission source contributed 20.14% to the total VOCs in the e-waste dismantling park, while it was absent in the major residential and rural areas. The cancer risk assessment showed that six VOCs exceeded 1.0 × 10-6 in the e-waste dismantling park, while only three or four compounds exceeded this risk in other areas. The noncancer risks of all compounds were below the safety threshold. This study supplements the existing knowledge on VOC pollution from e-waste dismantling and expands the research scope of chemical pollution caused by e-waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijin Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ranran Liu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qinhao Lin
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chaosheng Zhang
- GIS Centre, Ryan Institute and School of Geography and Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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9
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Yin M, Zhang X, Li Y, Fan K, Li H, Gao R, Li J. Ambient ozone pollution at a coal chemical industry city in the border of Loess Plateau and Mu Us Desert: characteristics, sensitivity analysis and control strategies. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11322. [PMID: 33987008 PMCID: PMC8086580 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, ambient ozone (O3) pollution characteristics and sensitivity analysis were carried out in Yulin, a city in the central area of the Loess Plateau during 2017 to 2019 summer. O3 concentrations increased for 2017 to 2019. Correlation and statistics analysis indicated high temperature (T > 25 °C, low relative humidity (RH < 60%), and low wind speed (WS < 3 m/s) were favorable for O3 formation and accumulation, and the O3 pollution days (MDA8 O3 > 160 µg/m3) were predominantly observed when the wind was traveling from the easterly and southerly. O3 concentration in urban area of Yulin was higher than that in background. The pollution air masses from Fenwei Plain increase the level and duration of O3 pollution. In order to clarify the formation mechanism and source of O3, online measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were conducted from 7 July to 10 August in 2019. The average of VOCs concentration was 26 ± 12 ppbv, and large amounts of alkenes followed by aromatics, characteristic pollutants of the coal chemical industry, were detected in the ambient air. To further measure the sensitivity, the observation-based model (OBM) simulation was conducted. Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA) plot and relative incremental reactivity (RIR) value indicated Yulin located on VOCs-limited regime. That implied a slight decrease of NOx may increase O3 concentration. When the emission reduction ratio of anthropogenic VOCs/NOx higher than 1:1, the O3 will decrease. O3 control strategies analysis shows that the O3 targets of 5% and 10% O3 concentration reductions are achievable through precursor control, but more effort is needed to reach the 30% and 40% reduction control targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfei Yin
- College of Resource and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.,Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.,Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Yulin Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau, Yulin, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjuan Li
- College of Resource and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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10
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Liu P, Liao Y, Li J, Chen L, Fu M, Wu P, Zhu R, Liang X, Wu T, Ye D. Insight into the effect of manganese substitution on mesoporous hollow spinel cobalt oxides for catalytic oxidation of toluene. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 594:713-726. [PMID: 33794399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The cobalt oxides and manganese oxides have high-activity potential for catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), while the mesoporous hollow morphology is crucial to the mass transfer of reactant and product. Therefore, it is worth investigating the effect of manganese substitution in mesoporous hollow cobalt oxides on catalytic oxidation. Herein, a partially disordered spinel structure is formed by the Mn substitution in Co3O4 and the mesoporous hollow microsphere is improved in morphology homogeneity with the decrease of Co/Mn ratio in the range of 1.8-28.8. The 5Co1Mn (Mn-substituted Co3O4 with Co/Mn at 5.4) exhibits outstanding catalytic activity for toluene oxidation with 50% CO2 generation at 237 °C, which is 21 °C lower than Co3O4. Moreover, the 5Co1Mn displays satisfactory stability in reusability, lifetime, and water resistance. The small defective crystallite, mesoporous hollow morphology, and high specific surface area endow Mn-substituted Co3O4 with more surface chemical adsorbed oxygen, enhancing the catalytic oxidation of toluene. Theoretical calculation on (311) plane of Co3O4 reveals that Mn2+ or Mn3+ substitution increases the formation energy of oxygen vacancy and makes it difficult to adsorb gaseous oxygen on the defective surface. The interaction between Co and Mn impedes the improvement of toluene oxidation because the mobility of lattice oxygen, the surface distribution of Co3+, and the ratio of surface adsorbed oxygen to surface lattice oxygen are hindered by Mn substitution. The chemical adsorbed oxygen is more active than lattice oxygen in the oxidation of adsorbed intermediates (phenolate, benzoate species, etc.). The Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism dominates in the catalytic oxidation at 200-250 °C, while the catalytic oxidation follows both the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism and Mars-van Krevelen mechanism above 250 °C. This work provides some enlightenment for exploring the role of surface oxygen species in VOCs oxidation and uncovering the interaction in binary spinel oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuxi Liao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jingjing Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Longwen Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Mingli Fu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Puqiu Wu
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Runliang Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Liang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Tianli Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Daiqi Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Wang S, Huang L, Zhang Y, Li L, Lu X. A mini-review on the modeling of volatile organic compound adsorption in activated carbons: Equilibrium, dynamics, and heat effects. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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