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Hou R, Liu J, Yang P, Liu H, Yuan R, Ji Y, Zhao H, Chen Z, Zhou B, Chen H. Metabolomic reveals the responses of sludge properties and microbial communities to high nitrite stress in denitrifying phosphorus removal systems. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118924. [PMID: 38631473 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Nitrite, as an electron acceptor, plays a good role in denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPR); however, high nitrite concentration has adverse affects on sludge performance. We investigated the precise mechanisms of responses of sludge to high nitrite stress, including surface characteristics, intracellular and extracellular components, microbial and metabolic responses. When the nitrite stress reached 90 mg/L, the sludge settling performance was improved, but the activated sludge was aging. FTIR and XPS analysis revealed a significant increase in the hydrophobicity of the sludge, resulting in improve settling performance. However, the intracellular carbon sources synthesis was inhibited. In addition, the components in the tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (TB-EPS) of sludge were significantly reduced and indicated the disturb of metabolism. Notably, Exiguobacterium emerged as a new genus when face high nitrite stress that could maintaining survival in hostile environments. Moreover, metabolomic analysis demonstrated strong biological response to nitrite stress further supported above results that include the inhibited of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. More importantly, some lipids (PS, PA, LysoPA, LysoPC and LysoPE) were significantly upregulated that related enhanced membrane lipid remodeling. The comprehensive analyses provide novel insights into the high nitrite stress responses mechanisms in activated sludge systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Hou
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiandong Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Peng Yang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haijun Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China.
| | - Rongfang Yuan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Ying Ji
- Bureau of Ecology and Environment of Beijing Miyun, Miyun, 101599, China
| | - Hongfei Zhao
- Bureau of Ecology and Environment of Beijing Miyun, Miyun, 101599, China
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha Suchdol, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Beihai Zhou
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huilun Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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2
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Kebert M, Stojnić S, Rašeta M, Kostić S, Vuksanović V, Ivanković M, Lanšćak M, Markić AG. Variations in Proline Content, Polyamine Profiles, and Antioxidant Capacities among Different Provenances of European Beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.). Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:227. [PMID: 38397825 PMCID: PMC10886255 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
International provenance trials are a hot topic in forestry, and in light of climate change, the search for more resilient beech provenances and their assisted migration is one of the challenges of climate-smart forestry. The main aim of the study was to determine intraspecific variability in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) among 11 beech provenances according to total antioxidant capacities estimated by various assays, such as DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assay, and radical scavenging capacity against nitric oxide (RSC-NO assays), as well as osmolyte content, primarily individual polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine), and free proline content. Polyamine amounts were quantified by using HPLC coupled with fluorescent detection after dansylation pretreatment. The highest values for radical scavenger capacity assays (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP) were measured in the German provenances DE47 and DE49. Also, the highest NO inhibition capacity was found in the provenance DE49, while the highest content of proline (PRO), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) was recorded in DE47. The Austrian AT56 and German provenance DE49 were most abundant in total polyamines. This research underlines the importance of the application of common antioxidant assays as well as osmolyte quantification as a criterion for the selection of climate-ready beech provenances for sustainable forest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Kebert
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Srđan Stojnić
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Milena Rašeta
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Saša Kostić
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Vanja Vuksanović
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Mladen Ivanković
- Division for Genetics, Forest Tree Breeding and Seed Science, Croatian Forest Research Institute, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia; (M.I.); (M.L.)
| | - Miran Lanšćak
- Division for Genetics, Forest Tree Breeding and Seed Science, Croatian Forest Research Institute, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia; (M.I.); (M.L.)
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Gu P, Li X, Wang G. Exploring cell aggregation as a defense strategy against perchlorate stress in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii through multi-omics analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167045. [PMID: 37709088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate (ClO4-) is a type of novel, widely distributed, and persistent inorganic pollutant. However, the impacts of perchlorate on freshwater algae remain unclear. In this study, the response and defense mechanisms of microalgae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) under perchlorate stress were investigated by integrating physiological and biochemical monitoring, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of transcriptome data was used to analyze the relationship between genes and phenotype and screen the key pathways. C. reinhardtii exhibited aggregate behavior when exposed to 100- and 200-mM perchlorate but was restored to its unicellular lifestyle when transferred to fresh medium. WGCNA results found that the "carbohydrate metabolism" and "lipid metabolism" pathways were closely related to cell aggregation phenotype. The differential expression genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) of these pathways were upregulated, indicating that the lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms were enhanced in aggregated cells. Additionally, most genes and metabolites related to phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were significantly upregulated, indicating their crucial roles in the signal transmission of aggregated cells. Meanwhile, in aggregated cells, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and lipid contents increased, photosynthesis activity decreased, and the antioxidant system was activated. These characteristics contributed to C. reinhardtii's improved resistance to perchlorate stress. Above results demonstrated that cell aggregation behavior was the principal defense strategy of C. reinhardtii against perchlorate. Overall, this study sheds new light on the impact mechanisms of perchlorate to aquatic microalgae and provides multi-omics insights into the research of multicellular-like aggregation as an adaptation strategy to abiotic stress. These results are beneficial for assessing the risk of perchlorate in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Algae Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Algae Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; School of Science, Tibet University, Lasha 850000, China
| | - Zixu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Algae Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peifan Gu
- Key Laboratory for Algae Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory for Algae Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Gaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Algae Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Zhou M, Wang J, Zhou J, Liu L, Yang R, Xu J, Liang M, Xu L. Exogenous IAA application affects the specific characteristics of fluoranthene distribution in Arabidopsis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115306. [PMID: 37515970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a crucial growth regulator involved in the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, the precise physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying IAA-mediated plant growth and PAH accumulation are not yet fully understood. In this study, two distinct IAA-sensitive genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana (wild type and Axr5 mutant) were chosen to investigate the mechanisms of fluoranthene (Flu) uptake and accumulation in plant tissues (roots and leaves) through physiological and molecular analyses. The results revealed that the Flu concentration in Axr5 leaves was significantly higher than that in wild-type (WT) leaves. In roots, the Flu content decreased significantly with increasing IAA treatment, while no significant changes were observed with lower IAA treatment. Principal component analysis demonstrated that Flu accumulation in Arabidopsis roots was associated with IAA concentrations, whereas Flu accumulation in leaves was dependent on the genotype. Moreover, Flu accumulation showed a positive correlation with the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and root length and a positive correlation with catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity in the leaves. Transcriptome analysis confirmed that the expression of the ethylene-related gene ATERF6 and GST-related genes ATGSTF14 and ATGSTU27 in roots, as well as the POD-related genes AtPRX9 and AtPRX25 and CAT-related gene AtCAT3 in leaves, played a role in Flu accumulation. Furthermore, WRKY transcription factors (TFs) in roots and NAC TFs in leaves were identified as important regulators of Flu accumulation. Understanding the mechanisms of Flu uptake and accumulation in A. thaliana provides valuable insights for regulating PAH accumulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Zhou
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruixuan Yang
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingxiang Liang
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Li Xu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Sun C, Shen X, Zhang Y, Song T, Xu L, Xiao J. Molecular Defensive Mechanism of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench against PAH Contaminations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11020. [PMID: 37446196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the molecular defensive mechanism of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination plays a key role in the further improvement of phytoremediation efficiency. Here, the responses of E. purpurea to a defined mixture of phenanthrene (PHE) and pyrene (PYR) at different concentrations or a natural mixture from an oilfield site with a history of several decades were studied based on transcriptomics sequencing and widely targeted metabolomics approaches. The results showed that upon 60-day PAH exposure, the growth of E. purpurea in terms of biomass (p < 0.01) and leaf area per plant (p < 0.05) was negatively correlated with total PAH concentration and significantly reduced at high PAH level. The majority of genes were switched on and metabolites were accumulated after exposure to PHE + PYR, but a larger set of genes (3964) or metabolites (208) showed a response to a natural PAH mixture in E. purpurea. The expression of genes involved in the pathways, such as chlorophyll cycle and degradation, circadian rhythm, jasmonic acid signaling, and starch and sucrose metabolism, was remarkably regulated, enhancing the ability of E. purpurea to adapt to PAH exposure. Tightly associated with transcriptional regulation, metabolites mainly including sugars and secondary metabolites, especially those produced via the phenylpropanoid pathway, such as coumarins, flavonoids, and their derivatives, were increased to fortify the adaptation of E. purpurea to PAH contamination. These results suggest that E. purpurea has a positive defense mechanism against PAHs, which opens new avenues for the research of phytoremediation mechanism and improvement of phytoremediation efficiency via a mechanism-based strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Xiangbo Shen
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Yulan Zhang
- Liaoning Province Outstanding Innovation Team, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tianshu Song
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Lingjing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Junyao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
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Hou X, Li Y, Zhang X, Ge S, Mu Y, Shen J. Unraveling the intracellular and extracellular self-defense of Chlorella sorokiniana toward highly toxic pyridine stress. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129366. [PMID: 37343803 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
A bottleneck of microalgae-based techniques for wastewater bioremediation is activity inhibition of microalgae by toxic pollutants. The defense strategies of Chlorella sorokinana against toxic pyridine were studied. Results indicated that pyridine caused photoinhibition and reactive oxygen species overproduction in a concentration-dependent manner. The 50% inhibitory concentration of pyridine (147 mg L-1) destroyed C/N balance, disrupted multiple metabolic pathways of C. sorokinana. In response to pyridine stress, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities increased to scavenge reactive oxygen species under pyridine concentrations lower than 23 mg L-1. At higher pyridine concentrations, the activation of calcium signaling pathways and phytohormones represented the predominant defense response. Extracellular polymeric substances increased 3.6-fold in 147 mg L-1 group than control, which interacted with pyridine through hydrophobic and aromatic stacking to resist pyridine entering algal cells. Unraveling the intracellular and extracellular self-defense mechanisms of microalgae against pyridine stress facilitates the development of microalgal-based technology in wastewater bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Hou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shijian Ge
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yang Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinyou Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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Fu X, Jin Y, Paul MJ, Yuan M, Liang X, Cui R, Huang Y, Peng W, Liang X. Inhibition of rice germination by ustiloxin A involves alteration in carbon metabolism and amino acid utilization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1168985. [PMID: 37223794 PMCID: PMC10200953 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1168985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ustiloxins are the main mycotoxin in rice false smut, a devastating disease caused by Ustilaginoidea virens. A typical phytotoxicity of ustiloxins is strong inhibition of seed germination, but the physiological mechanism is not clear. Here, we show that the inhibition of rice germination by ustiloxin A (UA) is dose-dependent. The sugar availability in UA-treated embryo was lower while the starch residue in endosperm was higher. The transcripts and metabolites responsive to typical UA treatment were investigated. The expression of several SWEET genes responsible for sugar transport in embryo was down-regulated by UA. Glycolysis and pentose phosphate processes in embryo were transcriptionally repressed. Most of the amino acids detected in endosperm and embryo were variously decreased. Ribosomal RNAs for growth were inhibited while the secondary metabolite salicylic acid was also decreased under UA. Hence, we propose that the inhibition of seed germination by UA involves the block of sugar transport from endosperm to embryo, leading to altered carbon metabolism and amino acid utilization in rice plants. Our analysis provides a framework for understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ustiloxins on rice growth and in pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Fu
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Matthew J. Paul
- Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Minxuan Yuan
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingwei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruqiang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingjin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenwen Peng
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaogui Liang
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Panwar R, Mathur J. Comparative analysis of remediation efficiency and ultrastructural translocalization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Medicago sativa, Helianthus annuus, and Tagetes erecta. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 25:1743-1761. [PMID: 36935611 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2189967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are semi-volatile anthropogenic contaminants that can damage soil fertility and threaten the environment due to their hazardous effects on various ecological parameters. The experimental objective was divided into two parts because PAHs are always present in mixtures. The toxicity of anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and fluoranthene was examined and investigated the potential of three phytoremediator plants species viz Tagetes erecta, Helianthus annuus, and Medicago sativa for remediation and translocation of individual PAH. PAHs were shown to have inhibitory or stimulating effects on growth, antioxidant properties, and impact on the structure of plant cells. The result showed that M. sativa significantly enhances the removal rate of PAHs in the soil. The dissipation rate reached 96.2% in M. sativa planted soil, followed by H. annuus and T. erecta. Among the plant species, M. sativa exhibited the highest root and shoot concentrations (314.37 and 169.55 mg kg-1), while the lowest concentration was 187.56 and 76.60 mg kg-1 in T. erecta. SEM-EDX and fluorescence micrographs confirmed that pyrene altered plant tissue's ultrastructure and cell viability and was found to be the most toxic and resistant. M. sativa was proven to be the most effective plant for the mitigation of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Panwar
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Jyoti Mathur
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
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Li XY, Wang Y, Hou XY, Chen Y, Li CX, Ma XR. Flexible response and rapid recovery strategies of the plateau forage Poa crymophila to cold and drought. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:970496. [PMID: 36426156 PMCID: PMC9681527 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.970496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cold and drought stress are the two most severe abiotic stresses in alpine regions. Poa crymophila is widely grown in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with strong tolerance. Here, by profiling gene expression patterns and metabolomics-associated transcriptomics co-expression network, the acclimation of Poa crymophila to the two stresses was characterized. (1) The genes and metabolites with stress tolerance were induced by cold and drought, while those related with growth were inhibited, and most of them were restored faster after stresses disappeared. In particular, the genes for the photosynthesis system had strong resilience. (2) Additionally, cold and drought activated hypoxia and UV-B adaptation genes, indicating long-term life on the plateau could produce special adaptations. (3) Phenolamines, polyamines, and amino acids, especially N',N″,N'″-p-coumaroyl-cinnamoyl-caffeoyl spermidine, putrescine, and arginine, play key roles in harsh environments. Flexible response and quick recovery are strategies for adaptation to drought and cold in P. crymophila, accounting for its robust tolerance and resilience. In this study, we presented a comprehensive stress response profile of P. crymophila and provided many candidate genes or metabolites for future forage improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin-Yi Hou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cai-Xia Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin-Rong Ma
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Kösesakal T, Seyhan M. Phenanthrene stress response and phytoremediation potential of free-floating fern Azolla filiculoides Lam. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:207-220. [PMID: 35501688 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2069224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the potential of Azolla filiculoides, a freshwater fern species, on phenanthrene phytoremediation and biodegradation was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of phenanthrene on growth performance, photosynthetic activity and biosynthesis, and accumulation of secondary metabolites of A. filiculodes were evaluated. Plants were grown in a nitrogen-free Hoagland and exposed to different phenanthrene concentrations (0, 1, 5, and 10 mg/L). Exposure to 10 mg/L phenanthrene caused a significant reduction (42%) in Azolla filiculoides growth compared to control on day 14. The photosynthetic pigment content of A. filiculoides treated with 1 and 5 mg/L was almost the same as the control, while 10 mg/L phenanthrene was significantly reduced. In comparison to unplanted controls, the biodegradation percentages obtained from the planted growth medium were found to be 88, 69, and 60%, respectively, for the application of 1, 5, and 10 mg/L phenanthrene. Data on plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, secondary metabolite contents, and biodegradation percentages indicated the tolerance level and the effective phytoremediation potential of A. filiculoides for phenanthrene was <10 mg/L. The results indicated that A. filiculoides is highly effective in phytoremediation of low concentrations of phenanthrene pollution in a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylan Kösesakal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Müge Seyhan
- Institute of Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ilahy R, Tlili I, Pék Z, Montefusco A, Daood H, Azam M, Siddiqui MW, R'him T, Durante M, Lenucci MS, Helyes L. Effect of Individual and Selected Combined Treatments With Saline Solutions and Spent Engine Oil on the Processing Attributes and Functional Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) Fruit: In Memory of Professor Leila Ben Jaballah Radhouane (1958–2021). Front Nutr 2022; 9:844162. [PMID: 35571925 PMCID: PMC9097875 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.844162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The results showed that soil electrical conductivity, (EC2: 7 dS/m) increased soluble solids, lycopene content, total phenolic content, hydrophilic and lipophilic radical scavenging activities (HRSA and LRSA) by 14.2, 149, 20, 46.4, and 19.0%, respectively, compared with control. Under 0.5% spent engine oil (SEO), flavonoid content decreased by 21.7% compared with the control. HRSA and LRSA of fruits subjected to EC2/SEO1 treatment were, respectively, 45.9 and 35.5% lower than control. The a*/b* ratio was positively and significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with β-carotene (R = 0.78), lycopene (R = 0.68), total vitamin C (R = 0.71), α-tocopherol (R = 0.83), γ-tocopherol (R = 0.66), HRSA (R = 0.93), LRSA (R = 0.80), and soluble solids (R = 0.84) suggesting that it may be a promising indicator of fruit quality in areas affected by such constraints. The research revealed that combined stresses induce responses markedly different from those of individual treatments, which strain the need to focus on how the interaction between stresses may affect the functional quality of tomato fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Ilahy
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Imen Tlili
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Zoltán Pék
- Horticultural Institute, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllo, Hungary
| | - Anna Montefusco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Hussein Daood
- Horticultural Institute, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllo, Hungary
| | - Mohamed Azam
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, India
| | - Thouraya R'him
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Miriana Durante
- Istituto di Scienze Delle Produzioni Alimentari (ISPA)-CNR, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marcello Salvatore Lenucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marcello Salvatore Lenucci
| | - Lajos Helyes
- Horticultural Institute, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllo, Hungary
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12
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Samad A, Pelletier G, Séguin A, Degenhardt D, Muench DG, Martineau C. Understanding Willow Transcriptional Response in the Context of Oil Sands Tailings Reclamation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:857535. [PMID: 35574135 PMCID: PMC9094116 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.857535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the reclamation objectives for treated oil sands tailings (OST) is to establish boreal forest communities that can integrate with the surrounding area. Hence, selection of appropriate soil reclamation cover designs and plant species for revegetation are important aspects of tailings landform reclamation and closure. Research and monitoring of the long term and immediate impacts of capped OST on the growth and survival of native boreal plant species are currently underway. However, plant responses to OST-associated toxicity are not well known at the molecular level. Using RNA sequencing, we examined the effects of three types of OST on the willow transcriptome under different capping strategies. The transcriptomic data showed that some genes respond universally and others in a specific manner to different types of OST. Among the dominant and shared upregulated genes, we found some encoding protein detoxification (PD), Cytochrome P450 (CYPs), glutathione S-transferase regulatory process (GST), UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT), and ABC transporter and regulatory process associated proteins. Moreover, genes encoding several stress-responsive transcription factors (bZIP, BHLH, ERF, MYB, NAC, WRKY) were upregulated with OST-exposure, while high numbers of transcripts related to photosynthetic activity and chloroplast structure and function were downregulated. Overall, the expression of 40 genes was found consistent across all tailings types and capping strategies. The qPCR analysis of a subset of these shared genes suggested that they could reliably distinguish plants exposed to different OST associated stress. Our results indicated that it is possible to develop OST stress exposure biosensors merely based on changes in the level of expression of a relatively small set of genes. The outcomes of this study will further guide optimization of OST capping and revegetation technology by using knowledge based plant stress adaptation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Samad
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Gervais Pelletier
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Armand Séguin
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Dani Degenhardt
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Douglas G. Muench
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christine Martineau
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec City, QC, Canada
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13
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Guo Q, Han J, Li C, Hou X, Zhao C, Wang Q, Wu J, Mur LAJ. Defining key metabolic roles in osmotic adjustment and ROS homeostasis in the recretohalophyte Karelinia caspia under salt stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13663. [PMID: 35249230 PMCID: PMC9311275 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The recretohalophyte Karelinia caspia is of forage and medical value and can remediate saline soils. We here assess the contribution of primary/secondary metabolism to osmotic adjustment and ROS homeostasis in Karelinia caspia under salt stress using multi-omic approaches. Computerized phenomic assessments, tests for cellular osmotic changes and lipid peroxidation indicated that salt treatment had no detectable physical effect on K. caspia. Metabolomic analysis indicated that amino acids, saccharides, organic acids, polyamine, phenolic acids, and vitamins accumulated significantly with salt treatment. Transcriptomic assessment identified differentially expressed genes closely linked to the changes in above primary/secondary metabolites under salt stress. In particular, shifts in carbohydrate metabolism (TCA cycle, starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis) as well as arginine and proline metabolism were observed to maintain a low osmotic potential. Chlorogenic acid/vitamin E biosynthesis was also enhanced, which would aid in ROS scavenging in the response of K. caspia to salt. Overall, our findings define key changes in primary/secondary metabolism that are coordinated to modulate the osmotic balance and ROS homeostasis to contribute to the salt tolerance of K. caspia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiwan Han
- College of SoftwareShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiguChina
| | - Cui Li
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xincun Hou
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chunqiao Zhao
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qinghai Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Juying Wu
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Luis A. J. Mur
- College of SoftwareShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiguChina
- Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
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14
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An M, Hong D, Chang D, Zhang C, Fan H, Wang K. Polymer amendment regulates cadmium migration in cadmium contaminated cotton field: Insights from genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:151075. [PMID: 34687702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymer materials have been widely used in the remediation of soil heavy metal contamination for their good performance in the absorption of metal ions. To reveal the effect of polymer amendment (PA) on the remediation of cadmium-contaminated cotton fields, the cadmium (Cd) fractions in soil, Cd concentration in cotton organs, bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Cd, translocation factor (TF) of Cd, and the antioxidant capacity and photosynthesis of functional leaves were evaluated combining with the transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, in barrel experiments in the field at the flowering and boll-forming stage of cotton. The results showed that, cotton improved the tolerance to Cd through self-regulation in Cd-contaminated soil. The expression of oxoglutaric acid and jasmonic acid were down-regulated by the application of PA to improve the photosynthetic rate (7.71%-46.20%), chlorophyll content (17.59%-63.18%), chlorophyll fluorescence (7.66%-32.25%), and antioxidant enzyme activity (15.49%-45.50%) of functional leaves, and the down-regulation of the expression of jasmonic acid and up-regulation of the expression of stearic acid reduced the exchangeable Cd concentration in the soil, which reduced the transport of Cd from the root to the bolls (54.39%). Thereby, the balance of the genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity of cotton was achieved, and the cell structure of leaves was restored. This study deepens our understanding of the molecular mechanism of PA in the remediation of Cd contamination in cotton fields, and provides guidance for the remediation of heavy metal contamination in farmland soil and agricultural safety under drip irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie An
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, PR China
| | - Dashuang Hong
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, PR China
| | - Doudou Chang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, PR China
| | - Chunyuan Zhang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, PR China
| | - Hua Fan
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, PR China.
| | - Kaiyong Wang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, PR China.
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15
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Cao M, Huang X, Wang F, Zhang Y, Zhou B, Chen H, Yuan R, Ma S, Geng H, Xu D, Yan C, Xing B. Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Revealed the Biological Response of Chlorella pyrenoidesa to Single and Repeated Exposures of AgNPs at Different Concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15776-15787. [PMID: 34787402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increased release of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) from widely used commercial products has threatened environmental health and safety, particularly the repeated exposures to ENPs with relatively low concentration. Herein, we studied the response of Chlorella pyrenoidesa (C. pyrenoidesa) to single and repeated exposures to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Repeated exposures to AgNPs promoted chlorophyll a and carotenoid production, and increased silver accumulation, thus enhancing the risk of AgNPs entering the food chain. Notably, the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content of the 1-AgNPs and 3-AgNPs groups were dramatically increased by 119.1% and 151.5%, respectively. We found that C. pyrenoidesa cells exposed to AgNPs had several significant alterations in metabolic process and cellular transcription. Most of the genes and metabolites are altered in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the control group, single exposure had more differential genes and metabolites than repeated exposures. 562, 1341, 4014, 227, 483, and 2409 unigenes were differentially expressed by 1-0.5-AgNPs, 1-5-AgNPs, 1-10-AgNPs, 3-0.5-AgNPs, 3-5-AgNPs, and 3-10-AgNPs treatment groups compared with the control. Metabolomic analyses revealed that AgNPs altered the levels of sugars and amino acids, suggesting that AgNPs reprogrammed carbon/nitrogen metabolism. The changes of genes related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, such as citrate synthase (CS), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), further supported these results. These findings elucidated the mechanism of biological responses to repeated exposures to AgNPs, providing a new perspective on the risk assessment of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Cao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, 100875 Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, 100083 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xitong Huang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, 100083 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, 100875 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, 100083 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Beihai Zhou
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, 100083 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huilun Chen
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, 100083 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rongfang Yuan
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, 100083 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Ma
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, 100083 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Geng
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, 100083 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xu
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, 100083 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Changchun Yan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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16
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Molina L, Segura A. Biochemical and Metabolic Plant Responses toward Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals Present in Atmospheric Pollution. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2305. [PMID: 34834668 PMCID: PMC8622723 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic components of atmospheric particles. These pollutants induce a wide variety of responses in plants, leading to tolerance or toxicity. Their effects on plants depend on many different environmental conditions, not only the type and concentration of contaminant, temperature or soil pH, but also on the physiological or genetic status of the plant. The main detoxification process in plants is the accumulation of the contaminant in vacuoles or cell walls. PAHs are normally transformed by enzymatic plant machinery prior to conjugation and immobilization; heavy metals are frequently chelated by some molecules, with glutathione, phytochelatins and metallothioneins being the main players in heavy metal detoxification. Besides these detoxification mechanisms, the presence of contaminants leads to the production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the dynamic of ROS production and detoxification renders different outcomes in different scenarios, from cellular death to the induction of stress resistances. ROS responses have been extensively studied; the complexity of the ROS response and the subsequent cascade of effects on phytohormones and metabolic changes, which depend on local concentrations in different organelles and on the lifetime of each ROS species, allow the plant to modulate its responses to different environmental clues. Basic knowledge of plant responses toward pollutants is key to improving phytoremediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lázaro Molina
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, C.S.I.C., Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain;
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17
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Wu H, Wu Z, Wang Y, Ding J, Zheng Y, Tang H, Yang L. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Revealed the Freezing Resistance Mechanism in 60-Year-Old Overwintering Camellia sinensis. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10100996. [PMID: 34681095 PMCID: PMC8533452 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The freezing stress during overwintering brings great challenges to the normal growth of Camellia sinensis. The current research on C. sinensis mainly focuses on cold resistance, but less on freezing resistance. In the present study, the transcriptome and metabolome of C. sinensis under freezing stress were studied. Results showed that Pyr/PYL-PP2C-SnRK2 played a critical role in the signal transduction of freezing stress. Three metabolic pathways including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis contributed to the freezing resistance of C. sinensis. This study provides substantial insights for the breeding of C. sinensis. Abstract Freezing stress in winter is the biggest obstacle to the survival of C. sinensis in mid-latitude and high-latitude areas, which has a great impact on the yield, quality, and even life of C. sinensis every year. In this study, transcriptome and metabolome were used to clarify the freezing resistance mechanism of 60-year-old natural overwintering C. sinensis under freezing stress. Next, 3880 DEGs and 353 DAMs were obtained. The enrichment analysis showed that pathways of MAPK and ABA played a key role in the signal transduction of freezing stress, and Pyr/PYL-PP2C-SnRK2 in the ABA pathway promoted stomatal closure. Then, the water holding capacity and the freezing resistance of C. sinensis were improved. The pathway analysis showed that DEGs and DAMs were significantly enriched and up-regulated in the three-related pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis. In addition, the carbohydrate and fatty acid synthesis pathways also had a significant enrichment, and the synthesis of these substances facilitated the freezing resistance. These results are of great significance to elucidate the freezing resistance mechanism and the freezing resistance breeding of C. sinensis.
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Liu N, Lin F, Chen J, Shao Z, Zhang X, Zhu L. Multistage Defense System Activated by Tetrachlorobiphenyl and its Hydroxylated and Methoxylated Derivatives in Oryza sativa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4889-4898. [PMID: 33750107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Crops can initiate various defense responses to environmental stresses. The process is often accompanied by extensive transcriptional and metabolic changes to reallocate metabolites. However, it remains unclear how organic pollutants activate the defense systems to reallocate metabolites in crops. The current study demonstrates that three defense systems, including the cytochrome P450s (CYP450s), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, were sequentially activated after Oryza sativa was exposed to 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobipheny l (PCB 61) and its derivatives 4'-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl (OH-PCB 61) and 4'-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl (MeO-PCB 61), respectively. Genes encoding CYP76Ms and CYP72As were significantly upregulated after 0.5 h of exposure, followed by the GST-coding gene GSTU48, suggesting that the biotransformation and detoxification of PCB 61, OH-PCB 61, and MeO-PCB 61 occurred. Subsequently, CCR1 and CCR10 involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were activated after 12 h, potentially reducing the oxidative stress induced by PCB 61 and its derivatives. Furthermore, β-d-glucan exohydrolase involved in both phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism was significantly downregulated by 7.04-fold in the OH-PCB 61-treated group, potentially contributing to the inhibition of sugar hydrolysis. These findings provide insights into increasing rice adaptability to organic pollutants by reinforcing the enzyme-mediated defense systems, characterizing a novel and critical strategy that enables augmented crop outputs and quality in environments stressed by organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Fangjing Lin
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zexi Shao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xinru Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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19
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González A, Vidal C, Espinoza D, Moenne A. Anthracene induces oxidative stress and activation of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes in Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta). Sci Rep 2021; 11:7748. [PMID: 33833321 PMCID: PMC8032757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to analyze whether the marine macroalga Ulva lactuca can absorb and metabolize anthracene (ANT), the alga was cultivated with 5 µM ANT for 0-72 h, and the level of ANT was detected in the culture medium, and in the alga. The level of ANT rapidly decreased in the culture medium reaching a minimal level at 6 h, and rapidly increased in the alga reaching a maximal level at 12 h and then decreased to reach a minimal level at 48 h of culture. In addition, ANT induced an increase in hydrogen peroxide that remained until 72 h and a higher increase in superoxide anions that reach a maximal level at 24 h and remained unchanged until 72 h, indicating that ANT induced an oxidative stress condition. ANT induced an increase in lipoperoxides that reached a maximal level at 24 h and decreased at 48 h indicating that oxidative stress caused membrane damage. The activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, AP, GR and GP increased in the alga treated with ANT whereas DHAR remained unchanged. The level of transcripts encoding these antioxidant enzymes increased and those encoding DHAR did not change. Inhibitors of monooxygenases, dioxygenases, polyphenol oxidases, glutathione-S-transferases and sulfotransferases induced an increase in the level of ANT in the alga cultivated for 24 h. These results strongly suggest that ANT is rapidly absorbed and metabolized in U. lactuca and the latter involves Phase I and II metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto González
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Vidal
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Espinoza
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Moenne
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
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