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Nargatti K, Ahankari SS, Dizon JRC, Subramaniam RT. Environmentally Friendly Water-Based Reduced Graphene Oxide/Cellulose Nanofiber Ink for Supercapacitor Electrode Applications. ACS Omega 2024; 9:11730-11737. [PMID: 38496988 PMCID: PMC10938331 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The agglomeration of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in water makes the development of rGO inks for supercapacitor printing challenging. Cellulose nanofiber (CNF), a biodegradable and renewable nanomaterial, can act as a nanospacer, preventing the agglomeration and restacking of rGO flakes. In this work, rGO/CNF films were fabricated using an environmentally friendly water-based rGO/CNF ink. In the absence of an additional binder/surfactant, the rGO/CNF films demonstrated remarkably enhanced hydrophilicity while retaining good electrical conductivity. The concentration of CNF was varied to observe the variation in the electrochemical performance. At a current density of 1 mA/cm2, the rGO/CNF-15 film exhibited a maximum areal capacitance of 98.61 mF/cm2, closely matching that of pure rGO films. Because of its excellent electrical performance, ease of manufacturing, and environmental friendliness, this water-based rGO/CNF ink may have promising applications in the printing of supercapacitor electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran
I. Nargatti
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Sandeep S. Ahankari
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - John Ryan C. Dizon
- DR3AM
Center, Bataan Peninsula State University-Main
Campus, City of
Balanga, Bataan 2100, Philippines
| | - Ramesh T. Subramaniam
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti
Malaya, Kuala
Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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2
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Nemade R, Cotts S, Berry V. Graphene Fermi Level-Guided Attachment of Single Exoelectrogens and Induced Interfacial Doping. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:5548-5553. [PMID: 38287002 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Graphene's exceptional electronic and mechanical properties make it a promising material for bioelectronic applications; however, understanding its interaction with electrogenic bacteria is crucial to harness its full potential. This study investigates the interface between electrogenic bacteria and graphene with Raman spectroscopy by analyzing the distinctive spectral fingerprints to understand electron energy and distribution via this non-destructive and label-free method. We find that the presence of bacteria induces a distinct red-shift in the G peak positions of graphene, indicating electron doping. Correspondingly, the bacteria demonstrate a predilection for attachment on hole-rich sites on the graphene sheet, evidenced by the comparative analysis of pre- and post-spatial Raman mapping, revealing their consistent presence within the hole-doped 2D peak position range of 2673.89-2675.43 cm-1. This affinity of bacteria is due to the overall higher Fermi level (∼4.9 ± 0.2 eV) of these regions, which favors electron transfer. These findings demonstrate the potential of leveraging the graphene's electronic properties in engineering graphene-based biosensors. Tuning graphene's charge carrier concentration would enable the promotion or prevention of bacterial attachment, facilitating capture of specific bacteria or development of antimicrobial surfaces. This approach enables clean, efficient, and accurate study of graphene-based bacterial systems, driving significant advancements and enhancing their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Nemade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 929 W Taylor St, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Sheldon Cotts
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 929 W Taylor St, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Vikas Berry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 929 W Taylor St, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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3
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Tecuapa-Flores ED, Palacios-Cabrera CB, Santiago-Cuevas AJ, Hernández JG, Narayanan J, Thangarasu P. Simultaneous recognition of dopamine and uric acid in real samples through highly sensitive new electrode fabricated using ZnO/carbon quantum dots: bio-imaging and theoretical studies. Analyst 2023; 149:108-124. [PMID: 37982410 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01467c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA), which are vital components in human metabolism, cause several health problems if they are present in altered concentrations; thus, the determination of DA and UA is essential in real samples using selective sensors. In the present study, graphite carbon paste electrodes (CPE) were fabricated using ZnO/carbon quantum dots (ZnO/CQDs) and employed as electrochemical sensors for the detection of DA and UA. These electrodes were fully characterized via different analytical techniques (XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and EDS). The electrochemical responses from the modified electrodes were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that the present electrode has exhibited high sensitivity towards DA, recognizing even at low concentrations (0.12 μM), and no inference was observed in the presence of UA. The ZnO/CQD electrode was applied for the simultaneous detection of co-existing DA and UA in real human urine samples and the peak potential separation between DA and UA was found to be greatly associated with the synergistic effect originated from ZnO and CQDs. The limit of detection (LOD) of the electrode was analyzed, and compared with other commercially available electrodes. Thus, the ZnO/CQD electrode was used to detect DA and UA in real samples, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo D Tecuapa-Flores
- División de Ingeniería en Nanotecnología, Universidad Politécnica del Valle de México, Av. Mexiquense s/n esquina Av. Universidad Politécnica, Tultitlán, Estado de México CP 54910, México
| | - Cristian B Palacios-Cabrera
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, México D. F., México.
| | - Alan J Santiago-Cuevas
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, México D. F., México.
| | - José G Hernández
- Centro Tecnológico, Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES-Aragón), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Estado de México, CP 57130, México
| | - Jayanthi Narayanan
- División de Ingeniería en Nanotecnología, Universidad Politécnica del Valle de México, Av. Mexiquense s/n esquina Av. Universidad Politécnica, Tultitlán, Estado de México CP 54910, México
| | - Pandiyan Thangarasu
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, México D. F., México.
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4
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Vickram S, Manikandan S, Deena SR, Mundike J, Subbaiya R, Karmegam N, Jones S, Kumar Yadav K, Chang SW, Ravindran B, Kumar Awasthi M. Advanced biofuel production, policy and technological implementation of nano-additives for sustainable environmental management - A critical review. Bioresour Technol 2023; 387:129660. [PMID: 37573978 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
This review article critically evaluates the significance of adopting advanced biofuel production techniques that employ lignocellulosic materials, waste biomass, and cutting-edge technology, to achieve sustainable environmental stewardship. Through the analysis of conducted research and development initiatives, the study highlights the potential of these techniques in addressing the challenges of feedstock supply and environmental impact and implementation policies that have historically plagued the conventional biofuel industry. The integration of state-of-the-art technologies, such as nanotechnology, pre-treatments and enzymatic processes, has shown considerable promise in enhancing the productivity, quality, and environmental performance of biofuel production. These developments have improved conversion methods, feedstock efficiency, and reduced environmental impacts. They aid in creating a greener and sustainable future by encouraging the adoption of sustainable feedstocks, mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, and accelerating the shift to cleaner energy sources. To realize the full potential of these techniques, continued collaboration between academia, industry representatives, and policymakers remains essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Vickram
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105. Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Manikandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105. Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S R Deena
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105. Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jhonnah Mundike
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Mines & Mineral Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Riverside Jambo Drive, PO Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - R Subbaiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Riverside, Jambo Drive, P O Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - N Karmegam
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem 636007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sumathi Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal 462044, India; Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
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Wang L, Li M, Li B, Wang M, Zhao H, Zhao F. Electrochemical Sensor Based on Laser-Induced Graphene for Carbendazim Detection in Water. Foods 2023; 12:2277. [PMID: 37372489 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbendazim (CBZ) abuse can lead to pesticide residues, which may threaten the environment and human health. In this paper, a portable three-electrode sensor based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) was proposed for the electrochemical detection of CBZ. Compared with the traditional preparation method of graphene, LIG is prepared by exposing the polyimide film to a laser, which is easily produced and patterned. To enhance the sensitivity, platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) were electrodeposited on the surface of LIG. Under optimal conditions, our prepared sensor (LIG/Pt) has a good linear relationship with CBZ concentration in the range of 1-40 μM, with a low detection limit of 0.67 μM. Further, the sensor shows good recovery rates for the detection of CBZ in wastewater, which provides a fast and reliable method for real-time analysis of CBZ residues in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mengyue Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Fengnian Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Roy H, Rahman TU, Tasnim N, Arju J, Rafid MM, Islam MR, Pervez MN, Cai Y, Naddeo V, Islam MS. Microbial Fuel Cell Construction Features and Application for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:membranes13050490. [PMID: 37233551 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a system that can generate electricity by harnessing microorganisms' metabolic activity. MFCs can be used in wastewater treatment plants since they can convert the organic matter in wastewater into electricity while also removing pollutants. The microorganisms in the anode electrode oxidize the organic matter, breaking down pollutants and generating electrons that flow through an electrical circuit to the cathode compartment. This process also generates clean water as a byproduct, which can be reused or released back into the environment. MFCs offer a more energy-efficient alternative to traditional wastewater treatment plants, as they can generate electricity from the organic matter in wastewater, offsetting the energy needs of the treatment plants. The energy requirements of conventional wastewater treatment plants can add to the overall cost of the treatment process and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. MFCs in wastewater treatment plants can increase sustainability in wastewater treatment processes by increasing energy efficiency and reducing operational cost and greenhouse gas emissions. However, the build-up to the commercial-scale still needs a lot of study, as MFC research is still in its early stages. This study thoroughly describes the principles underlying MFCs, including their fundamental structure and types, construction materials and membrane, working mechanism, and significant process elements influencing their effectiveness in the workplace. The application of this technology in sustainable wastewater treatment, as well as the challenges involved in its widespread adoption, are discussed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hridoy Roy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tanzim Ur Rahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Arju
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mustafa Rafid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Reazul Islam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71270, USA
| | - Md Nahid Pervez
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Yingjie Cai
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Clean Production and High Value Utilization of Bio-Based Textile Materials, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Vincenzo Naddeo
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Md Shahinoor Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
- Department of Textile Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
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7
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Kausar A, Ahmad I, Zhao T, Aldaghri O, Eisa MH. Graphene in Polymeric Nanocomposite Membranes—Current State and Progress. Processes (Basel) 2023; 11:927. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
One important application of polymer/graphene nanocomposites is in membrane technology. In this context, promising polymer/graphene nanocomposites have been developed and applied in the production of high-performance membranes. This review basically highlights the designs, properties, and use of polymer/graphene nanocomposite membranes in the field of gas separation and purification. Various polymer matrices (polysulfone, poly(dimethylsiloxane), poly(methyl methacrylate), polyimide, etc.), have been reinforced with graphene to develop nanocomposite membranes. Various facile strategies, such as solution casting, phase separation, infiltration, self-assembly, etc., have been employed in the design of gas separation polymer/graphene nanocomposite membranes. The inclusion of graphene in polymeric membranes affects their morphology, physical properties, gas permeability, selectivity, and separation processes. Furthermore, the final membrane properties are affected by the nanofiller content, modification, dispersion, and processing conditions. Moreover, the development of polymer/graphene nanofibrous membranes has introduced novelty in the field of gas separation membranes. These high-performance membranes have the potential to overcome challenges arising from gas separation conditions. Hence, this overview provides up-to-date coverage of advances in polymer/graphene nanocomposite membranes, especially for gas separation applications. The separation processes of polymer/graphene nanocomposite membranes (in parting gases) are dependent upon variations in the structural design and processing techniques used. Current challenges and future opportunities related to polymer/graphene nanocomposite membranes are also discussed.
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Palanisamy G, Thangarasu S, Oh TH. Effect of Sulfonated Inorganic Additives Incorporated Hybrid Composite Polymer Membranes on Enhancing the Performance of Microbial Fuel Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051294. [PMID: 36904534 PMCID: PMC10006918 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) provide considerable benefits in the energy and environmental sectors for producing bioenergy during bioremediation. Recently, new hybrid composite membranes with inorganic additives have been considered for MFC application to replace the high cost of commercial membranes and improve the performances of cost-effective polymers, such as MFC membranes. The homogeneous impregnation of inorganic additives in the polymer matrix effectively enhances the physicochemical, thermal, and mechanical stabilities and prevents the crossover of substrate and oxygen through polymer membranes. However, the typical incorporation of inorganic additives in the membrane decreases the proton conductivity and ion exchange capacity. In this critical review, we systematically explained the impact of sulfonated inorganic additives (such as (sulfonated) sSiO2, sTiO2, sFe3O4, and s-graphene oxide) on different kinds of hybrid polymers (such as PFSA, PVDF, SPEEK, SPAEK, SSEBS, and PBI) membrane for MFC applications. The membrane mechanism and interaction between the polymers and sulfonated inorganic additives are explained. The impact of sulfonated inorganic additives on polymer membranes is highlighted based on the physicochemical, mechanical, and MFC performances. The core understandings in this review can provide vital direction for future development.
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Madondo NI, Rathilal S, Bakare BF, Tetteh EK. Application of Bioelectrochemical Systems and Anaerobic Additives in Wastewater Treatment: A Conceptual Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36902185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interspecies electron transfer (IET) between microbes and archaea is the key to how the anaerobic digestion process performs. However, renewable energy technology that utilizes the application of a bioelectrochemical system together with anaerobic additives such as magnetite-nanoparticles can promote both direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) as well as indirect interspecies electron transfer (IIET). This has several advantages, including higher removal of toxic pollutants present in municipal wastewater, higher biomass to renewable energy conversion, and greater electrochemical efficiencies. This review explores the synergistic influence of bioelectrochemical systems and anaerobic additives on the anaerobic digestion of complex substrates such as sewage sludge. The review discussions present the mechanisms and limitations of the conventional anaerobic digestion process. In addition, the applicability of additives in syntrophic, metabolic, catalytic, enzymatic, and cation exchange activities of the anaerobic digestion process are highlighted. The synergistic effect of bio-additives and operational factors of the bioelectrochemical system is explored. It is elucidated that a bioelectrochemical system coupled with nanomaterial additives can increase biogas-methane potential compared to anaerobic digestion. Therefore, the prospects of a bioelectrochemical system for wastewater require research attention.
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Bijimol BI, Sreelekshmy BR, Satheesh Kumar KN, Ratheesh A, Geethanjali CV, Aboobakar Shibli SM. Microbial-Inspired Surface Patterning for Selective Bacterial Actions for Enhanced Performance in Microbial Fuel Cells. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022; 5:5394-5409. [PMID: 36300364 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The performance of any bio-electrochemical system is dependent on the efficiency of electrode-microbial interactions. Surface properties play a focal role in bacterial attachment and biofilm formation on the electrodes. In addition to electrode surface properties, selective bacterial adhesion onto the electrode surface is mandatory to mitigate energy loss due to undesired bacterial interactions on the electrode surface. In the present study, microbial-patterned graphite scaffolds are developed for selective bacterial-electrode interactions. A power density as high as 1105 mW/m2 is achieved with mG-E (a graphite electrode patterned with Escherichia coli), which is about 3 times higher than that of the pristine graphite electrode (370 mW/m2). Initial mechanical pre-treatment of the graphite electrode, followed by bacterial patterning, results in the formation of a unique cobblestone topography with a tuned surface area of 127.12 m2/g. This provides suitable morphology with enhanced active sites for selective bacterial intercalation in graphite layers. This cannot be otherwise achieved by any mechanical or other means. A unique methodology of symbolic regression is adopted to validate a genetic algorithm suitable for predicting a perfect correlation between surface characteristics and electrochemical characteristics with a minimum root-mean-square error of 0.08. The bacterial intercalation onto the graphite electrode causes protuberance of the graphite layers that reduces the surface potential and resistance, leading to high electron transfer. The study presents a unique bacterial-inspired surface patterning on the anode, which is critical for the performance of a microbial fuel cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Indira Bijimol
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala695 581, India
| | | | - Krishnan Nair Satheesh Kumar
- Department of Futures Studies, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala695 581, India
| | - Anjana Ratheesh
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala695 581, India
| | | | - Sheik Muhammadhu Aboobakar Shibli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala695 581, India.,Centre for Renewable Energy and Materials, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala695 581, India
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