Interface-engineered Z-scheme of BiVO4/g-C3N4 photoanode for boosted photoelectrochemical water splitting and organic contaminant elimination under solar light

Tailoring osteoimmunity and hemostasis using 3D-Printed nano-photocatalytic bactericidal scaffold for augmented bone regeneration

Bone hemorrhage, infection, and large bone defects following surgical treatment of traumatic bone injury have raised potential concerns, underscoring the urgent need to develop multifunctional therapeutic platforms that can effectively address traumatic bone regeneration. Advancements in three-dimensional (3D) printing technology have propelled the development of several engineering disciplines, such as tissue engineering. Nevertheless, 3D-printed frameworks with conventional materials often lack multifunctional capabilities to promote specific activities for diverse regeneration purposes. In this study, we developed a highly oxidized two-dimensional (2D) graphitic carbon nitride (Ox-gCN) as a nano-photocatalyst to reinforce alginate/gelatin (ALG)-based hydrogel scaffolds (ALG/CN) to achieve an anti-inflammatory and osteo-immunomodulatory niche with superior hemostatic ability for traumatic bone injury repair. Sulfuric acid oxidation enhances the oxygen-containing functional groups of the g-CN surface and promotes cell adhesion and differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in vitro. Moreover, the excellent visible light-activated photocatalytic characteristics of the ALG/CN scaffold were used in antibacterial studies. In addition, the ALG/CN bio/nanocomposite scaffold facilitates M2 polarization of macrophages than did pristine ALG scaffolds. Furthermore, ALG/CN scaffold induced hBMSCs differentiation by upregulating ERK and MAPKs phosphorylation during osteo-immunomodulation. In a rat calvaria defect model, the fabricated ALG/CN scaffolds induced new bone formation through collagen deposition and activation of osteocalcin proteins without inflammation in vivo. These results highlight the potential of 3D-printed functionalized 2D carbon nitrides in regulating the bone immune microenvironment, which may be beneficial for developing advanced tissue constructs, especially for traumatic bone regeneration in clinical settings.

Linker Encouraged Solid State Synthesis of MOF Derived Z-Scheme NiCo2O4/NiO/C toward Efficient Removal of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants from Water

Here, we represent a solid-state route for the construction of MOF derived multifunctional Z-scheme NiCo2O4/NiO/C applied for the photocatalytic removal of methylene blue (dye) and tetracycline (drug) and the reduction of Cr(VI) (heavy metal). The developed solid-state method yielded a highly effective NiCo2O4/NiO/C catalyst by mechanically grinding independently produced Ni and Co-MOFs and subsequently pyrolyzing them. The use of different linkers in the Ni MOF (H3-BTC linker) and Co-MOF (2-methylimidazole linker) proved to be effective in constructing the NiCo2O4/NiO/C composite, ensuring a nonaggregated distribution on a carbon framework. Such a synthesized Z-scheme NiCo2O4/NiO/C composite has performed exceptionally well to achieve excellent degradation of MB (98.23% in 120 min) and TC (92.85% in 25 min) and Cr(VI) reduction (98.22% in 20 min), with excellent recyclability and stability. The NiCo2O4/NiO/C composite, synthesized using Ni and Co-MOFs prepared with different linkers, outperformed its counterpart prepared using Ni and Co-MOFs with identical linkers (either 2-methylimidazole or H3BTC). This study paves the way for the future synthesis of MOF derived bimetallic composites for photocatalytic applications.

An excellent bismuth-doped perovskite cathode with high activity and CO2 resistance for solid-oxide fuel cells operating below 700 °C

Lowering the operating temperatures of solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is critical, although achieving success in this endeavor has proven challenging. Herein, Bi0.15Sr0.85Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (BiSCF) is systematically evaluated as a carbon dioxide (CO2)-tolerant and highly active cathode for SOFCs. BiSCF, which features Bi3+ with an ionic radius similar to Ba2+, exhibits activity (e.g., 0.062 Ω cm2 at 700 °C) comparable to that of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ and PrBaCo2O5+δ, while demonstrating a considerable advantage over Bi-doped cathodes. Moreover, BiSCF exhibits long-term stability over a period of 500 h, and an anode-supported cell with BiSCF achieves a power density of 912 mW cm-2 at 650 °C. The CO2-poisoned BiSCF exhibits quick reversibility or slight activation after returning to normal conditions. The exceptional CO2 tolerance of BiSCF can be attributed to its reduced basicity and high electronegativity, which effectively restrict surface Sr diffusion and hinder subsequent carbonate formation. These findings highlight the substantial potential of BiSCF for SOFCs operating below 700 °C.

Efficient photoelectrochemical real textile wastewater detoxification using photoanodes of C3N4-BiVO4

Photoelectrochemical systems utilizing solar energy have garnered significant attention for their sustainability in remediating contaminated water. This study focuses on advancing photoanode development through the utilization of carbon nitrides (C3N4) and bismuth vanadate (BiVO4), two promising semiconductor materials renowned for their efficient electron-hole pair separation leading to enhanced photocatalytic activity. Four distinct materials were synthesized and compared: BiVO4 over C3N4, C3N4 over BiVO4, and pristine BiVO4 and C3N4. Upon electrochemical analysis, the C3N4-BiVO4 heterostructure exhibited the highest photoelectrocatalytic charge transfer constant, mobility, and lifetime of charge carriers. Capitalizing on these exceptional properties, the composite was applied to remove organic matter real effluent from the textile industry. The photoelectrodegradation of the effluent demonstrated substantial removal of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and the generation of low toxicity degradation products, accompanied by low energy consumption. The compelling results underscore the high potential of the synthesized C3N4-BiVO4 heterostructure for industrial applications, particularly in addressing environmental challenges associated with textile industry effluents.

Photoelectrochemical sensor for histone deacetylase Sirt1 detection based on Z-scheme heterojunction of CuS-BiVO4 photoactive material and the cyclic etching of MnO2 by NADH

A novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor was constructed for histone deacetylase Sirt1 detection based on the Z-Scheme heterojunction of CuS-BiVO4 and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) induced cyclic etching of MnO2 triggered by Sirt1 enzyme catalytic histone deacetylation event. Based on the Z-Scheme heterojunction, the photoactivity of the CuS-BiVO4 was improved greatly due to the highly effective separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs. In the presence of MnO2 nanosheets on the CuS-BiVO4/ITO electrode surface, the photocurrent decreased due to the inhibition effect of MnO2. However, this inhibition effect was eliminated by the incubation of MnO2/CuS-BiVO4/ITO with NADH, where NADH was produced in the deacetylation process of acetylated peptide catalyzed by Sirt1 with NAD+. The formed NADH etched MnO2, resulting in an increased photocurrent. In this process, NADH was oxidized to produce NAD+, which further involved the deacetylation process. Based on this cycle, the photocurrent of the biosensor was improved greatly and the sensitive and selective detection of Sirt1 was achieved. The biosensor presented a wide linear range from 0.005 to 10 nM with the low detection limit of 3.38 pM (S/N = 3). In addition, the applicability of the developed method was evaluated by investigating the effect of sodium butyrate and perfluorohexane sulfonate on Sirt1 activity.

Design strategies and mechanisms of g-C3N4-based photoanodes for photoelectrocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water

Emerging photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) systems integrate the advantages of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis and are considered as a promising technology for solving the global organic pollution problem in water environments. Among the photoelectrocatalytic materials applied for organic pollutant degradation, graphitic carbon nitride (CN) has the combined advantages of environmental compatibility, stability, low cost, and visible light response. However, pristine CN has disadvantages such as low specific surface area, low electrical conductivity, and high charge complexation rate, and how to improve the degradation efficiency of PEC reaction and the mineralization rate of organic matter is the main problem faced in this field. Therefore, this paper reviews the progress of various functionalized CN used for PEC reaction in recent years, and the degradation efficiency of these CN-based materials is critically evaluated. First, the basic principles of PEC degradation of organic pollutants are outlined. Then, engineering strategies to enhance the PEC activity of CN (including morphology control, elemental doping, and heterojunction construction) are focused on, and the structure-activity relationships between these engineering strategies and PEC activity are discussed. In addition, the important role of influencing factors on the PEC system is summarized in terms of mechanism, to provide guidance for the subsequent research. Finally, suggestions and perspectives are provided for the preparation of efficient and stable CN-based photoelectrocatalysts for practical wastewater treatment applications.

Photoelectrocatalytic peroxymonosulfate activation over CoFe2O4-BiVO4 photoanode for environmental purification: Unveiling of multi-active sites, interfacial engineering and degradation pathways

This work reported on the development of CoFe₂O₄-BiVO₄ photoanode based photoelectrocatalytic system collaborating with peroxymonosulfate activation for organic contaminants removal. CoFe₂O₄ layer not only provided active sites for direct peroxymonosulfate activation but also accelerated charge separation process for the enhancement of photocurrent density and photoelectrocatalytic performance. Junction of CoFe₂O₄ layer on BiVO₄ photoanode led to the improvement of photocurrent density to 4.43 mA/cm² at 1.23 V_RHE, which was approximately 4.06 times higher than that of pure BiVO₄. Subsequently, the corresponding optimal degradation efficiency toward the tetracycline model contaminant achieved to be 89.1% with total organic carbon removal value of about 43.7% within 60 min. Moreover, the degradation rate constant of CoFe₂O₄-BiVO₄ photoanode in photoelectrocatalytic system was 0.037 min^-1, which was about 1.23, 2.64 and 3.70 times higher than the values in photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and PMS only based systems, respectively. In addition, radical scavenging experiments and electron spin resonance spectra indicated a synergy of radical and nonradical coupling process where •OH and ¹O₂ played vital roles during tetracycline degradation. Plausible photoelectrocatalytic mechanism and degradation pathway were proposed. This work provided an effective strategy to construct peroxymonosulfate assisted photoelectrocatalytic system toward green environmental applications.