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Gao L, Zhou Y, Cao L, Cao Y, Zhang H, Zhang M, Yin H, Ai S. Photoelectrochemical sensor for histone deacetylase Sirt1 detection based on Z-scheme heterojunction of CuS-BiVO 4 photoactive material and the cyclic etching of MnO 2 by NADH. Talanta 2024; 268:125307. [PMID: 37866306 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor was constructed for histone deacetylase Sirt1 detection based on the Z-Scheme heterojunction of CuS-BiVO4 and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) induced cyclic etching of MnO2 triggered by Sirt1 enzyme catalytic histone deacetylation event. Based on the Z-Scheme heterojunction, the photoactivity of the CuS-BiVO4 was improved greatly due to the highly effective separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs. In the presence of MnO2 nanosheets on the CuS-BiVO4/ITO electrode surface, the photocurrent decreased due to the inhibition effect of MnO2. However, this inhibition effect was eliminated by the incubation of MnO2/CuS-BiVO4/ITO with NADH, where NADH was produced in the deacetylation process of acetylated peptide catalyzed by Sirt1 with NAD+. The formed NADH etched MnO2, resulting in an increased photocurrent. In this process, NADH was oxidized to produce NAD+, which further involved the deacetylation process. Based on this cycle, the photocurrent of the biosensor was improved greatly and the sensitive and selective detection of Sirt1 was achieved. The biosensor presented a wide linear range from 0.005 to 10 nM with the low detection limit of 3.38 pM (S/N = 3). In addition, the applicability of the developed method was evaluated by investigating the effect of sodium butyrate and perfluorohexane sulfonate on Sirt1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Gao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yunlei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, Shandong, China.
| | - Lulu Cao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yaoyuan Cao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Haowei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Huanshun Yin
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Shiyun Ai
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Food Safety Analysis and Test Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, Shandong, China
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Yan G, Han Z, Hou X, Yi S, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Zhang L. A highly sensitive TiO 2-based molecularly imprinted photoelectrochemical sensor with regulation of imprinted sites by Photo-deposition. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:1319-1326. [PMID: 37478749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted photoelectrochemical sensors (MIPES) have gained significant attention in the detection field due to their high selectivity and accuracy. However, their sensitivity still needs improvement. Here we developed a TiO2-based MIPES (TiO2 NRs/NiOOH/rMIP) to detect ciprofloxacin (CIP). We identified the photoactive sites of TiO2 by NiOOH photo-deposition and anchored the imprinted sites on the photoactive sites by complexation between CIP and NiOOH. By regulating the imprinted sites, the photocurrent difference before and after the addition of CIP increases and the detection sensitivity of CIP is improved. Moreover, a PN heterojunction is formed between TiO2 and NiOOH, which enables rapid transfer of photoexcited holes and electrons to different semiconductors under the built-in electric field. This leads to improved photoactivity of TiO2 and further increases the sensitivity of MIPES. Compared with sensors prepared by the traditional electro-polymerization CIP and Molecularly imprinted polymers (TiO2 NRs/NiOOH/eMIP), TiO2 NRs/NiOOH/rMIP as constructed in this work displays higher sensitivity, wider linear detection range, and lower limit of detection (LOD). Additionally, TiO2 NRs/NiOOH/rMIP shows good selectivity, stability, and recovery rate, and has a promising application prospect in the actual detection of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohao Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Zhe Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Xinghui Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Shasha Yi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Zongtao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Liying Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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Wang R, Wang S, Guo W, Zhang T, Kang Q, Wang P, Zhou F, Yang L. Flow injection analysis coupled with photoelectrochemical immunoassay for simultaneous detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike and anti-SARS-CoV-2-nucleocapsid antibodies in serum samples. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1280:341857. [PMID: 37858551 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
A thin-layer flow cell of low internal volume (12 μL) is incorporated in a flow injection analysis (FIA) system for simultaneous and real-time photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassay of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike 1 (S1) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) antibodies. Covalent linkage of S1 and N proteins to two separate polyethylene glycol (PEG)-covered gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)/TiO2 nanotube array (NTA) electrodes affords 10 consecutive analyses with surface regenerations in between. An indium tin oxide (ITO) allows visible light to impinge onto the two electrodes. The detection limits for anti-S1 and anti-N antibodies were estimated to be 177 and 97 ng mL-1, respectively. Such values compare well with those achieved with other reported methods and satisfy the requirement for screening convalescent patients with low antibody levels. Additionally, our method exhibits excellent intra-batch (RSD = 1.3%), inter-batch (RSD = 3.4%), intra-day (RSD = 1.0%), and inter-day (RSD = 1.6%) reproducibility. The obviation of an enzyme label and continuous analysis markedly decreased the assay cost and duration, rendering this method cost-effective. The excellent anti-fouling property of PEG enables accuracy validation by comparing our PEC immunoassays of patient sera to those of ELISA. In addition, the simultaneous detection of two antibodies holds great potential in disease diagnosis and immunity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Wang
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, PR China
| | - Wanze Guo
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, PR China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- University Hospital, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, PR China
| | - Qing Kang
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, PR China.
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, PR China.
| | - Feimeng Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
| | - Lixia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, PR China
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Lv J, Fan M, Zhang L, Zhou Q, Wang L, Chang Z, Chong R. Photoelectrochemical sensing and mechanism investigation of hydrogen peroxide using a pristine hematite nanoarrays. Talanta 2022; 237:122894. [PMID: 34736710 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a facile hydrothermal combined with subsequent two-step post-calcination method was used to fabricate hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoarrays on fluorine-doped SnO2 glass (FTO). The morphology, crystalline phase, optical property and surface chemical states of the fabricated α-Fe2O3 photoelectrode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy correspondingly. The α-Fe2O3 photoelectrode exhibits excellent photoelectrochemical (PEC) response toward hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in aqueous solutions, with a low detection limit of 20 μM (S/N = 3) and wide linear range (0.01-0.09, 0.3-4, and 6-16 mM). Additionally, the α-Fe2O3 photoelectrode shows satisfying reproducibility, stability, selectivity and good feasibility for real samples. Mechanism analysis indicates, comparing with H2O, H2O2 possesses much more fast reaction kinetics over α-Fe2O3 surface, thus the recombination of photogenerated charges are reduced, followed by much more photogenerated electrons are migrated to the counter electrode via external circuit. The insight on the enhanced photocurrent, which is corelative to the concentration of H2O2 in aqueous solution, will stimulate us to further optimize the surface structure of α-Fe2O3 to gain highly efficient α-Fe2O3 based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Lv
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Ming Fan
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Li Wang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zhixian Chang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Ruifeng Chong
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
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Yang M, Chen Y, Yan P, Dong J, Duan W, Xu L, Li H. A photoelectrochemical aptasensor of ciprofloxacin based on Bi 24O 31Cl 10/BiOCl heterojunction. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:289. [PMID: 34355248 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor was designed and constructed by Bi24O31Cl10/BiOCl heterojunction as a photoelectric active material for realizing the determination of trace ciprofloxacin (CIP) in water. Compared with Bi24O31Cl10, Bi24O31Cl10/BiOCl heterojunction possessed the improvement of light harvesting and the enhancement of photocurrent signal. The formation of heterojunction between Bi24O31Cl10 and BiOCl can accelerate the transportation efficiency and inhibit the recombination rate of photoinduced carriers. Based on the excellent PEC performance, CIP aptamer was introduced on the modified Bi24O31Cl10/BiOCl/indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode for fabricating a PEC aptasensor. Owing to the combination between aptamer and CIP, CIP-aptamer complex can block the transfer of charge, leading to the reduction of photocurrent response. The PEC aptasensor possessed high sensitivity with a wide detection range (5.0~1.0 × 104 ng L-1) and a low detection limit (1.67 ng L-1, S/N = 3). The PEC aptasensor with good selectivity and reproducibility has been applied to the determination of CIP in water.
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Guo W, Wang J, Guo W, Kang Q, Zhou F. Interference-free photoelectrochemical immunoassays using carboxymethylated dextran-coated and gold-modified TiO 2 nanotube arrays. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4847-4854. [PMID: 34115147 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An interference-free photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassay was developed for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) detection. Covalent linkage of cTnI antibody to carboxymethylated (CM-) dextran pre-immobilized onto a gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-modified TiO2 nanotube array (NTA) affords five consecutive analyte captures with surface regenerations in between. Changes in the photocurrents at this photoanode before and after cTnI captures can be well fitted with the Langmuir isotherm from 0.220 pM to 2.20 nM cTnI. Owing to the inherently high sensitivity of the PEC detection, the detection limit (2.20 pg/mL) is lower than the range attainable with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (6.00-40.0 pg/mL). Furthermore, CM-dextran prevents species in complex biological matrices from nonspecifically adsorbing onto the sensor surface, a feature not attainable with uncoated semiconductor electrodes or those coated with non-hydrogel-based chemical modifiers. The excellent anti-fouling property of dextran hydrogel allowed us to validate the accuracy of our regenerable sensors through a comparison of PEC immunoassays of patient sera to those of ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanze Guo
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjuan Guo
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Kang
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feimeng Zhou
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, People's Republic of China
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Luo J, Liang D, Li X, Liu S, Deng L, Ma F, Wang Z, Yang M, Chen X. Photoelectrochemical detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) based on Co 3O 4-ascorbic acid oxidase as multiple signal amplifier. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:166. [PMID: 33876310 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04829-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor based on hexagonal carbon nitride tubes (HCNT) as photoactive material was prepared for the detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Magnetic Fe3O4 nanospheres (MNs) modified with anti-HER2 antibodies were employed for highly efficient capture of HER2 from serum sample, and Co3O4 nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs) modified with ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) as well as HER2 aptamer were used for signal amplification. When the aptamer-Co3O4-AAO probe was captured onto the electrode surface through the specific binding of the aptamer with HER2, the photocurrent intensity decreased. This was because Co3O4 NPs competed with HCNT for consumption of the excitation energy. As a consequence AAO catalyzed the oxidation of the electron donor (AA), and the aptamer-Co3O4-AAO probe increased the steric hindrance at the electrode surface, leading to significant photocurrent intensity decrease, thus realizing multiple signal amplification. Based on this signal amplification strategy, at 0 V (vs Ag/AgCl), the PEC sensor shows a wide linear response ranging from 1 pg mL-1 to 1 ng mL-1 with a low detection limit of 0.026 pg mL-1 for HER2. Importantly, the prepared PEC sensor was applied for detection of HER2 in human serum samples with recoveries between 98.8 and 101%. Sensitive photoelectrochemical sensor based on Co3O4 nanoparticles modified with ascorbic acid oxidase for signal amplification is reported.
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Niu Y, Xie H, Luo G, Zhuang Y, Wu X, Li G, Sun W. ZnO-reduced graphene oxide composite based photoelectrochemical aptasensor for sensitive Cd(II) detection with methylene blue as sensitizer. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1118:1-8. [PMID: 32418599 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper a photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor based on specific recognition with conformational changed after the target Cd(II) identification was fabricated. A ZnO and reduced graphene oxide (ZnO-rGO) nanocomposite with enhanced PEC activity was designed as photoactive material. After the further incorporation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with ZnO-rGO nanocomposite, the enhanced photocurrent signal could be detected owing to the localized surface plasmon resonance and good conductivity of AuNPs. In addition, AuNPs were used as anchors for immobilization of -SH modified aptamer S1. After that aptamer S2 was paired with S1 sequence to form complementary double stranded DNA (dsDNA) on the electrode surface. Methylene blue (MB) was acted as sensitizer and assembled in dsDNA structure to amplify photocurrent response. When Cd(II) was bound to the aptamer presented on the sensing interface, S2 specifically recognized and captured Cd(II), which resulted in the unwinding of dsDNA structure and the separation of MB molecules from the electrode surface with photocurrent response decreased. The photocurrent was detected by a double-working-electrode system, which used the modified electrode as the first working electrode and glassy carbon electrode (GCE) as the second working electrode. Dopamine (DA) was added to the electrolyte and acted as the electron donor, which could be oxidized on the modified electrode and reduced on the GCE to form a cyclic reaction, leading to the enhanced photocurrent response with improved photocurrent stability. This MB sensitized PEC aptasensor exhibited a high sensitivity with a detection limit of 1.8 × 10-12 mol/L (3σ). Thus, a highly sensitive aptasensor with double-working-electrode detection method for Cd(II) determination were established and further applied to the water samples analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, PR China
| | - Hui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, PR China
| | - Guiling Luo
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, PR China
| | - Yujiao Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, PR China
| | - Xianqun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, PR China
| | - Guangjiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, PR China.
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