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Huang B, Zhou M, Hong QY, Wu MX, Zhao XL, Xu L, Gao EQ, Yang HB, Shi X. A Redox-Active Phenothiazine-based Pd 2L 4-Type Coordination Cage and Its Isolable Crystalline Polyradical Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407279. [PMID: 38872356 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Polyradical cages are of great interest because they show very fascinating physical and chemical properties, but many challenges remain, especially for their synthesis and characterization. Herein, we present the synthesis of a polyradical cation cage 14⋅+ through post-synthetic oxidation of a redox-active phenothiazine-based Pd2L4-type coordination cage 1. It's worth noting that 1 exhibits excellent reversible electrochemical and chemical redox activity due to the introduction of a bulky 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenyl substituent. The generation of 14⋅+ through reversible electrochemical oxidation is investigated by in situ UV/Vis-NIR and EPR spectroelectrochemistry. Meanwhile, chemical oxidation of 1 can also produce 14⋅+ which can be reversibly reduced back to the original cage 1, and the process is monitored by EPR and NMR spectroscopies. Eventually, we succeed in the isolation and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 14⋅+, whose electronic structure and conformation are distinct to original 1. The magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate the predominantly antiferromagnetic interactions between the four phenothiazine radical cations in 14⋅+. We believe that our study including the facile synthesis methodology and in situ spectroelectrochemistry will shed some light on the synthesis and characterization of novel polyradical systems, opening more perspectives for developing functional supramolecular cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Manfei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Qiong-Yan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Meng-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Lin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - En-Qing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
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2
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Jiang ZH, Zhang X, Jin J, Jiang S, Bai FY, Xing YH. Amino-Functionalized NDI-Based MOFs as Unusual "Turn On" and "Turn Off" Fluorescent Sensors for Phenolic Pollutants with Double Solvent Channel Response and Iodine Adsorbents. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:14559-14569. [PMID: 39031913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Regulating mixed ligands to change the functional properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been an important topic; especially, the structural changes have significant implications for the transformation of sensing response in different solvent channels. Herein, two [Cd (DPNDI) (NH2-BDC)0.5(NO3)]·2.25DMF (1) and [Cd(DPNDI)(NH2-AIPA)]·0.5DMF (2) (DPNDI = N,N-di(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxydiimide, NH2-BDC = 2-amino terephthalic acid, NH2-AIPA = 5-aminoisophthalic acid) were synthesized by the solvothermal method. Structural analysis shows that complex 1 has a two-dimensional planar network structure and complex 2 exhibits a three-dimensional network structure, endowing its potential as an efficient fluorescence sensor for phenolic compound detection under different solvent environments. Both complexes showed high fluorescence quenching sensitivity to phenolics in a water medium. Conversely, complex 1 showed a fluorescence enhancement response to phenolic pollutants in an ethanol system with significantly low detection limits and recyclability. The detection limits were 0.58 μM for TNP, 1.3 μM for DNP, and 2.43 μM for PCP. In addition, the uncoordinated amino groups in the complexes promote them to exhibit excellent iodine adsorption performance. Especially, complex 2 can serve as an adsorbent for iodine in cyclohexane solution with better adsorption efficiency than that of complex 1, and its adsorption capacity can reach 505 mg/g. The mixed ligands regulation strategy of NDI-based MOFs will open up an effective avenue for the conversion of fluorescence signals in dual-solvent channels and play simultaneously important roles in multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Han Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, P.R. China
| | - Jing Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, P.R. China
| | - Shan Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ying Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, P.R. China
| | - Yong Heng Xing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, P.R. China
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3
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Shi Y, Li C, Di J, Xue Y, Jia Y, Duan J, Hu X, Tian Y, Li Y, Sun C, Zhang N, Xiong Y, Jin T, Chen P. Polycationic Open-Shell Cyclophanes: Synthesis of Electron-Rich Chiral Macrocycles, and Redox-Dependent Electronic States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402800. [PMID: 38411404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
π-Conjugated chiral nanorings with intriguing electronic structures and chiroptical properties have attracted considerable interests in synthetic chemistry and materials science. We present the design principles to access new chiral macrocycles (1 and 2) that are essentially built on the key components of main-group electron-donating carbazolyl moieties or the π-expanded aza[7]helicenes. Both macrocycles show the unique molecular conformations with a (quasi) figure-of-eight topology as a result of the conjugation patterns of 2,2',7,7'-spirobifluorenyl in 1 and triarylamine-coupled aza[7]helicene-based building blocks in 2. This electronic nature of redox-active, carbazole-rich backbones enabled these macrocycles to be readily oxidized chemically and electrochemically, leading to the sequential production of a series of positively charged polycationic open-shell cyclophanes. Their redox-dependent electronic states of the resulting multispin polyradicals have been characterized by VT-ESR, UV/Vis-NIR absorption and spectroelectrochemical measurements. The singlet (ΔES-T=-1.29 kcal mol-1) and a nearly degenerate singlet-triplet ground state (ΔES-T(calcd)=-0.15 kcal mol-1 and ΔES-T(exp)=0.01 kcal mol-1) were proved for diradical dications 12+2⋅ and 22+2⋅, respectively. Our work provides an experimental proof for the construction of electron-donating new chiral nanorings, and more importantly for highly charged polyradicals with potential applications in chirospintronics and organic conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaqi Di
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yuting Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yawei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaxian Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Cuiping Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyun Jin
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
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4
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Su J, Han X, Ke SW, Zhou XC, Yuan S, Ding M, Zuo JL. Construction of a stable radical hydrogen-bonded metal-organic framework with functionalized tetrathiafulvalene linkers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5812-5815. [PMID: 38747473 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01152j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
A stable two-dimensional radical hydrogen-bonded metal-organic framework, constructed using a modified tetrathiafulvalene-tetrabenzoate ((2-Me)-H4TTFTB) linker and Cd2+ ions, exhibits a high electrical conductivity of 4.1 × 10-4 S m-1 and excellent photothermal conversion with a temperature increase of 137 °C in 15 s under the irradiation of a 0.7 W cm-2 808 nm laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Si-Wen Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Mengning Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Lin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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5
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Zhao JL, Yang ZY, Xu YQ, Cao ZY, Liu JX, Li MH. Series of Viologen-Based Metal-Organic Polyhedra with Photo/Electrochromic Behavior for Inkless Printing and UV Detection. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6692-6700. [PMID: 38573894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The fabrication of molecular crystalline materials with fast, multistimuli-responsive behavior and the construction of the corresponding structure-activity relationship are of extraordinary significance for the development of smart materials. In this context, three multistimuli-responsive functional metal-organic polyhedra (MOP), {[Dy2(bcbp)3(NO3)1.5(H2O)7]·Cl4.2·(NO3)0.3·H2O}n (1), {[Dy2(bcbp)4(H2O)8]Cl6}n (2), and {[Eu2(bcbp)4(H2O)10]Cl6·H2O}n (3; bcbp = 1,1'-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium), were successfully prepared and characterized. All of the compounds exhibit rapid and reversible photochromic and electrochromic dual-responsive behaviors. Furthermore, benefiting from the well-defined crystal structure and different responsive behaviors, the photoinduced electron transfer (PIET) process and structure-activity relationship were explored. In addition, considering the excellent photochromic performance, function filter paper and smart organic glass were successfully prepared and used for ink-free printing and UV light detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Zi-Yu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Zhong-Yan Cao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jun-Xia Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Functional Materials and Catalytic Reaction, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Meng-Hua Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
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6
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Park S, Lee J, Kim B, Jung CY, Bae SE, Kang J, Moon D, Park J. Radical-Driven Crystal-Amorphous-Crystal Transition of a Metal-Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9293-9301. [PMID: 38516847 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly-based structural transition has been explored for various applications, including molecular machines, sensors, and drug delivery. In this study, we developed new redox-active metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) called DGIST-10 series that comprise π-acidic 1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide (NDI)-based ligands and Ni2+ ions, aiming to boost ligand-self-assembly-driven structural transition and study the involved mechanism. Notably, during the synthesis of the MOFs, a single-crystal-amorphous-single-crystal structural transition occurred within the MOFs upon radical formation, which was ascribed to the fact that radicals prefer spin-pairing or through-space electron delocalization by π-orbital overlap. The radical-formation-induced structural transitions were further confirmed by the postsynthetic solvothermal treatment of isolated nonradical MOF crystals. Notably, the transient amorphous phase without morphological disintegration was clearly observed, contributing to the seminal structural change of the MOF. We believe that this unprecedented structural transition triggered by the ligand self-assembly magnifies the structural flexibility and diversity of MOFs, which is one of the pivotal aspects of MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghun Park
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyung Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongkyeom Kim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Yong Jung
- Nuclear Chemistry Technology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Bae
- Nuclear Chemistry Technology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Joongoo Kang
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Moon
- Beamline Department, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory/POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Park
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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Yang H, Zhao Y, Guo Y, Wu B, Ying Y, Sofer Z, Wang S. Surfactant-Mediated Crystalline Structure Evolution Enabling the Ultrafast Green Synthesis of Bismuth-MOF in Aqueous Condition. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307484. [PMID: 38050936 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Green synthesis of stable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with permanent and highly ordered porosity at room temperature without needing toxic and harmful solvents and long-term high-temperature reactions is crucial for sustainable production. Herein, a rapid and environmentally friendly synthesis strategy is reported to synthesize the complex topological bismuth-based-MOFs (Bi-MOFs), [Bi9(C9H3O6)9(H2O)9] (denoted CAU-17), in water under ambient conditions by surfactant-mediated sonochemical approach, which could also be applicable to other MOFs. This strategy explores using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) amphiphilic molecules as structure-inducing agents to control the removal of non-coordinated water (dehydration) and enhance the degree of deprotonation of the ligands, thereby regulating the coordination and crystallization in aqueous solutions. In addition, another two new strategies for synthesizing CAU-17 by crystal reconstruction and one-step synthesis in binary solvents are provided, and the solvent-induced synthesis mechanism of CAU-17 is studied. The as-prepared CAU-17 presents a competitive iodine capture capability and effective delivery of the antiarrhythmic drug procainamide (PA) for enteropatia due to the broad pH tolerance and the unique phosphate-responsive destruction in the intestine. The findings will provide valuable ideas for the follow-up study of surfactant-assisted aqueous synthesis of MOFs and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Bing Wu
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Yulong Ying
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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8
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Shi YS, Xiao T, Yang DD, Xia ZG, Zheng XJ. Dynamic Fluorescence Sensing of Bromide Ions by Photochromic Bi(III)-Coordination Polymers Based on a Ligand Integrated by Naphthalene Diimides and Pyridinium in Solution and Films. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309076. [PMID: 38032168 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth(III)-based complexes have garnered increasing attention in fluorescence sensing due to their environmentally friendly and sustainable characteristics. A Bismuth(III) coordination polymer (CP),1-Cl based on a naphthalene diimides(NDI)-pyridinium is synthesized by an in situ reaction method. Notable for its sensitivity to visible light, 1-Cl shows excellent photochromic properties, and the integration of NDI and pyridinium in one ligand makes photogenerated radicals more stable. Structural analysis and theoretical calculations are employed to investigate the potential pathway of photoinduced electron transfer (ET) during the photochromic process. Notably, in aqueous solutions, 1-Cl displays an extraordinary fluorescence enhancement response to bromide ion (Br-), resulting in a distinct transition from yellow to orange in color. The potential mechanism of fluorescence sensing has been revealed through single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. This insight highlights a continuous substitution process where the Cl- ions are successively replaced by Br- ions. Consequently, a single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation (SCSC) occurs, yielding the intermediate species, 1-Cl-Br, which ultimately transforms into the final product, 1-Br. Finally, the photochromic film is successfully prepared and applied to practical applications such as ink-free printing, information anti-counterfeiting, and the visual detection of Br- ions. This work combines photochromism with fluorescence sensing, broadening the research field and practical application of photochromic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sheng Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Tong Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Dong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Gang Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Jun Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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9
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Almuhana ARY, Orton GRF, Rosenberg C, Champness NR. Photoinduced radical formation in hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:452-455. [PMID: 38088086 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05236b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) constructed from naphthalene-diimide bearing tectons undergo photochromic changes whilst forming radical bearing species within the framework structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asia R Y Almuhana
- School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- King Faisal University, P.O. 380, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Callum Rosenberg
- School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Neil R Champness
- School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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10
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Li GP, Zhang J, Ren WW, Wang SN, Wang YX, Fu YL, Wang YY. Electron density effect of aromatic carboxylic acids in naphthalenediimide-based coordination polymers: from thermal electron transfer and charge transfer to photoinduced electron transfer. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16184-16188. [PMID: 37870873 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03069e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Various naphthalenediimide (NDI) based electron donor-acceptor coordination polymers (D-A CPs) have been constructed and used to explore charge transfer (CT) and electron transfer (ET) behaviors. Up to now, significant progress has been made in the interface contact and electron donor-acceptor ability matching mechanism, while the electronic density effect of the electron donors on the CT and ET behaviors is still not known. Herein, two NDI-based D-A CPs, [Cd2(H2NDI)(IPA)2(H2O)2] (1) and [Cd2(H2NDI)(IPA-OH)2(H2O)2] (2), are constructed using an NDI-based ligand and two aromatic carboxylic acid ligands (H2NDI = 2,7-bis(3,5-dimethyl) dipyrazol-1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxydiimide, H2IPA = isophthalic acid; and H2IPA-OH = 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid). UV-vis and EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations analyses reveal that the occurrence of themal electron transfer (TET) in 1 and 2 results from the HOMO of the IPA and IPA-OH lying higher than the LUMO of the NDI. Meanwhile, compared to 1, the UV-vis absorption spectrum of 2 exhibits a significant red shift, which suggests higher electron density of the donor and more electron transfer pathways are beneficial for the occurrence of intermolecular CT. After UV light irradiation, the comparison of the photochromic behavior of 1 and 2 confirms the negative effect of the stronger CT on photoinduced electron transfer (PET). The present study illustrates the delicate modulating effect of electron density on the CT and ET behaviors in D-A CPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Wan-Wan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Si-Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Ying-Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Yun-Long Fu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Yao-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China.
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Gao H, Zhi X, Wu F, Zhao Y, Cai F, Li P, Shen Z. Molecular Engineering of Corrole Radicals by Polycyclic Aromatic Fusion: Towards Open-Shell Near-Infrared Materials for Efficient Photothermal Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309208. [PMID: 37590036 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Open-shell radicals are promising near-infrared (NIR) photothermal agents (PTAs) owing to their easily accessible narrow band gaps, but their stabilization and functionalization remain challenging. Herein, highly stable π-extended nickel corrole radicals with [4n+1] π systems are synthesized and used to prepare NIR-absorbing PTAs for efficient phototheranostics. The light-harvesting ability of corrole radicals gradually improves as the number of fused benzene rings on β-pyrrolic locations increases radially, with naphthalene- and anthracene-fused radicals and their one-electron oxidized [4n] π cations exhibiting panchromatic visible-to-NIR absorption. The extremely low doublet excited states of corrole radicals promote heat generation via nonradiative decay. By encapsulating naphthocorrole radicals with amphiphilic polymer, water-soluble nanoparticles Na-NPs are produced, which exhibit outstanding photostability and high photothermal conversion efficiency of 71.8 %. In vivo anti-tumor therapy results indicate that Na-NPs enable photoacoustic imaging of tumors and act as biocompatible PTAs for tumor ablation when triggered by 808 nm laser light. The "aromatic-ring fusion" strategy for energy-gap tuning of corrole radicals opens a new platform for developing robust NIR-absorbing photothermal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangjian Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
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12
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Masuda S, Kusumoto S, Okamura M, Hikichi S, Tokunaga R, Hayami S, Kim Y, Koide Y. Thermosalient effect of a naphthalene diimide and tetrachlorocobaltate hybrid and changes of color and magnetic properties by ammonia vapor. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:10531-10536. [PMID: 37458173 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01822a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
An organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide (OIMH), namely the electron-deficient naphthalene diimide (NDI) and [CoCl4]2- hybrid (1), showed potential as a sensor for ammonia and amines, in addition to magnetic changes upon vapochromism. Crystal 1 exhibited thermosalient behavior such as leaping and movement, at around 130 °C, which could be explained to be associated with the removal of water molecules from the crystal lattice as shown by TGA and DSC. Compound 1 changed from green to black within 5 minutes when exposed to ammonia vapor, which was attributed to the radical formation in the NDI moiety as evidenced by ESR, and this phenomenon was preserved even when other mono- and di-alkylamines were applied. The exposure of 1 to ammonia resulted in a subsequent color alteration, progressing from black to a gradually dark orange after one day (1_NH3_1 day). This transformation was concomitant with the formation of [Co(NH3)6]3+ from [CoCl4]2-, leading to a modification of the magnetic properties from paramagnetic Co(II) (S = 3/2) to diamagnetic Co(III) (S = 0). Based on these findings, compound 1 represents the first example of an OIMH that exhibits thermosalient behaviour, color change, and magnetic conversion upon exposure to ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Masuda
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan.
| | - Sotaro Kusumoto
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan.
| | - Masaya Okamura
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan.
| | - Shiro Hikichi
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan.
| | - Ryuya Tokunaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Yang Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Koide
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan.
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13
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Fang H, Chen FH, Zhang SQ, Lin MJ. Three Semiconductive 1D Naphthalene Diimide/Iodoplumbate Perovskites with High Moisture Tolerance and Long-Lived Charge Separation States. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37267590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional inorganic-organic hybrid perovskites with high moisture tolerance and long-lived charge separation states have captured significant attention in the field of optoelectronic devices. To further achieve the relationship between crystal structures and stability, as well as charge separation behaviors, three one-dimensional hybrid perovskites containing electron-deficient naphthalene diimide ammonium (NDIEA) and electron-rich iodoplumbate chains, [(H2NDIEA)Pb2I6]·2DMF (1), [(H2NDIEA)2Pb5I14·(DMF)2]·4DMF (2), and [(HNDIEA)2Pb2I6]·3H2O (3), were synthesized. Crystal structure determinations revealed various synthesis conditions leading to different stacking modes, especially the inorganic lead iodide fraction, which resulted in different water resistances and charge-separated behaviors. The comprehensive analysis found that strong intermolecular interactions (anion-π interactions and π-π interactions), and matching energy levels between protonated NDIEA and iodoplumbate chains, can facilitate the generation of long-lived charge separation states and extraordinary moisture stability, even in the water environment. In addition, the conductivity behavior of 3 was also explored in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Fu-Hai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shu-Quan Zhang
- College of Zhicheng, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mei-Jin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
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14
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Zhao JL, Li MH, Cheng YM, Zhao XW, Xu Y, Cao ZY, You MH, Lin MJ. Photochromic crystalline hybrid materials with switchable properties: Recent advances and potential applications. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Kim B, Lee J, Chen YP, Wu XQ, Kang J, Jeong H, Bae SE, Li JR, Sung J, Park J. π-Stacks of radical-anionic naphthalenediimides in a metal-organic framework. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade1383. [PMID: 36563156 PMCID: PMC9788762 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Radical-ionic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have unique optical, magnetic, and electronic properties. These radical ions, forcibly formed by external stimulus-induced redox processes, are structurally unstable and have short radical lifetimes. Here, we report two naphthalenediimide-based (NDI-based) Ca-MOFs: DGIST-6 and DGIST-7. Neutral DGIST-6, which is generated first during solvothermal synthesis, decomposes and is converted into radical-anionic DGIST-7. Cofacial (NDI)2•- and (NDI)22- dimers are effectively stabilized in DGIST-7 by electron delocalization and spin-pairing as well as dimethylammonium counter cations in their pores. Single-crystal x-ray diffractometry was used to visualize redox-associated structural transformations, such as changes in centroid-to-centroid distance. Moreover, the unusual rapid reduction of oxidized DGIST-7 into the radical anion upon infrared irradiation results in effective and reproducible photothermal conversion. This study successfully illustrated the strategic use of in situ prepared cofacial ligand dimers in MOFs that facilitate the stabilization of radical ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongkyeom Kim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyung Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Pin Chen
- NSF’s ChemMatCARs, The University of Chicago Argonne, Chicago, IL 60439, USA
| | - Xue-Qian Wu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P.R. China
| | - Joongoo Kang
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwakyeung Jeong
- Nuclear Chemistry Research Team, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Bae
- Nuclear Chemistry Research Team, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian-Rong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P.R. China
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Park
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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16
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Shi YS, Yang DD, Zheng HW, Liang QF, Fang YH, Xiao T, Zheng XJ. Solvent-Modulated Self-Assembly of Naphthalenediimide-Based Cd(II) Complexes and the Controllable Photochromism via Conformational Isomerization. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15973-15982. [PMID: 36173106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rational regulation of the properties of photochromic materials is a challenging and meaningful work. In the present work, NDI-based complexes, namely, [Cd0.5(NDI)(HBDC)]·H2O (1) and a series of conformational isomers of {[Cd(NDI)0.5(BDC)]·MeCN}n (2), were synthesized by varying the solvent conditions (H2BDC = terephthalic acid, NDI = N,N'-bis(3-pyridylcarbonylhydrazine)-1,4,5,8-naphthalene diimide). Complex 1 exhibits a 0D mononuclear structure without photochromic behavior due to the bad conjugation of the naphthalene diimide moiety. The conformational isomers of complex 2 manifest a 3D network, showing ultra-fast photo-induced intermolecular electron transfer photochromic behavior under X-ray, UV, and visible light. However, they show different photochromic rates and coloring contrast upon photoirradiation, which originates from their difference in the distances of lone pair(COO)···π(NDI). This was realized via controlling the solvent ratio in the reaction system. In addition, compared to UV/X-ray light, 2 exhibits greater sensitivity to visible light and is an organic-inorganic hybrid material with photomodulated luminescence. Based on the excellent performance, complex 2 can be applied to filter paper, showing potential applications as an inkless printing medium and selective perception of ammonia and amine vapors in the solid state via different visual color changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sheng Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Dong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Han-Wen Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Qiong-Fang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Hui Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tong Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Jun Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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