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Wang Y, Zhang D, Hou Y, Shen S, Wang T. The adaptor protein CARD9, from fungal immunity to tumorigenesis. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2203-2225. [PMID: 32905547 PMCID: PMC7471374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptor protein CARD9 is in charge of mediating signals from PRRs of myeloid cells to downstream transcription factor NF-κB. CARD9 plays an indispensable role in innate immunity. Both mice and humans with CARD9 deficiency show increased susceptibility to fungal and bacterial infections. CARD9 signaling not only activates but also shapes adaptive immune responses. The role of this molecule in tumor progression is increasingly being revealed. Our early study found that CARD9 is associated with the development of colon cancer and functions as a regulator of antitumor immunity. In this review, we focus on the upstream and downstream signaling pathways of CARD9, then we summarize the immunological recognition and responses induced by CARD9 signaling. Furthermore, we review the function of CARD9 in multiple aspects of host immunity, ranging from fungal immunity to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, China
| | - Di Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Sunan Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineNanjing, China
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Zhong X, Chen B, Yang L, Yang Z. Molecular and physiological roles of the adaptor protein CARD9 in immunity. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:52. [PMID: 29352133 PMCID: PMC5833731 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CARD9 is a caspase recruitment domain-containing signaling protein that plays a critical role in innate and adaptive immunity. It has been widely demonstrated that CARD9 adaptor allows pattern recognition receptors to induce NF-κB and MAPK activation, which initiates a “downstream” inflammation cytokine cascade and provides effective protection against microbial invasion, especially fungal infection. Here our aim is to update existing paradigms and summarize the most recent findings on the CARD9 signaling pathway, revealing significant mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of CARD9 deficiency. We also discuss the effect of CARD9 genetic mutations on the in vivo immune response, and highlight clinical advances in non-infection inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bin Chen
- Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiwen Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Wang S, Gu J, Xu Z, Zhang Z, Bai T, Xu J, Cai J, Barnes G, Liu QJ, Freedman JH, Wang Y, Liu Q, Zheng Y, Cai L. Zinc rescues obesity-induced cardiac hypertrophy via stimulating metallothionein to suppress oxidative stress-activated BCL10/CARD9/p38 MAPK pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1182-1192. [PMID: 28158919 PMCID: PMC5431126 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity often leads to obesity-related cardiac hypertrophy (ORCH), which is suppressed by zinc-induced inactivation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which zinc inactivates p38 MAPK to prevent ORCH. Mice (4-week old) were fed either high fat diet (HFD, 60% kcal fat) or normal diet (ND, 10% kcal fat) containing variable amounts of zinc (deficiency, normal and supplement) for 3 and 6 months. P38 MAPK siRNA and the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 were used to suppress p38 MAPK activity in vitro and in vivo, respectively. HFD activated p38 MAPK and increased expression of B-cell lymphoma/CLL 10 (BCL10) and caspase recruitment domain family member 9 (CARD9). These responses were enhanced by zinc deficiency and attenuated by zinc supplement. Administration of SB203580 to HFD mice or specific siRNA in palmitate-treated cardiomyocytes eliminated the HFD and zinc deficiency activation of p38 MAPK, but did not significantly impact the expression of BCL10 and CARD9. In cultured cardiomyocytes, inhibition of BCL10 expression by siRNA prevented palmitate-induced increased p38 MAPK activation and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) expression. In contrast, inhibition of p38 MAPK prevented ANP expression, but did not affect BCL10 expression. Deletion of metallothionein abolished the protective effect of zinc on palmitate-induced up-regulation of BCL10 and phospho-p38 MAPK. HFD and zinc deficiency synergistically induce ORCH by increasing oxidative stress-mediated activation of BCL10/CARD9/p38 MAPK signalling. Zinc supplement ameliorates ORCH through activation of metallothionein to repress oxidative stress-activated BCL10 expression and p38 MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Junlian Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Zheng Xu
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianxiang Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Gregory Barnes
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Autism Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Qiu-Ju Liu
- Department of Hematology Disorders, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jonathan H Freedman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Wendy Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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4
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Cao L, Qin X, Peterson MR, Haller SE, Wilson KA, Hu N, Lin X, Nair S, Ren J, He G. CARD9 knockout ameliorates myocardial dysfunction associated with high fat diet-induced obesity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 92:185-95. [PMID: 26900039 PMCID: PMC4904726 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation which plays a critical role in the development of cardiovascular dysfunction. Because the adaptor protein caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) in macrophages regulates innate immune responses via activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, we hypothesize that CARD9 mediates the pro-inflammatory signaling associated with obesity en route to myocardial dysfunction. C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and CARD9(-/-) mice were fed normal diet (ND, 12% fat) or a high fat diet (HFD, 45% fat) for 5months. At the end of 5-month HFD feeding, cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography. Cardiomyocytes were isolated and contractile properties were measured. Immunofluorescence was performed to detect macrophage infiltration in the heart. Heart tissue homogenates, plasma, and supernatants from isolated macrophages were collected to measure the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines using ELISA kits. Western immunoblotting analyses were performed on heart tissue homogenates and isolated macrophages to explore the underlying signaling mechanism(s). CARD9 knockout alleviated HFD-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, prevented myocardial dysfunction with preserved cardiac fractional shortening and cardiomyocyte contractile properties. CARD9 knockout also significantly decreased the number of infiltrated macrophages in the heart with reduced myocardium-, plasma-, and macrophage-derived cytokines including IL-6, IL-1β and TNFα. Finally, CARD9 knockout abrogated the increase of p38 MAPK phosphorylation, the decrease of LC3BII/LC3BI ratio and the up-regulation of p62 expression in the heart induced by HFD feeding and restored cardiac autophagy signaling. In conclusion, CARD9 knockout ameliorates myocardial dysfunction associated with HFD-induced obesity, potentially through reduction of macrophage infiltration, suppression of p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and preservation of autophagy in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Xing Qin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China
| | - Matthew R Peterson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Samantha E Haller
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Kayla A Wilson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Nan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sreejayan Nair
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Guanglong He
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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