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Cho IH, Choi KJ, Choi J, Lee K, Ly SY. Trace assay of insulin in a pharmacy drug with a paste electrode. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1279-1284. [PMID: 35701570 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a voltammetric assay of insulin using a DNA immobilized onto a carbon nanotube paste electrode (CNPE), the peak potential of which was 0.2 V, vs. Ag/AgCl on the CNPE. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square-wave (SW) stripping voltammetry parameters of the optimized conditions were determined. Low analytical working ranges of 10-80 ugL-1 CV and 0.01-0.1 ngL-1 SW were attained. The precision of the insulin concentration of 0.01 ugL-1 was 0.14 (n = 15) RSD using the optimum conditions, in which the detection limit was 0.004 ngL-1 (6.9 × 10-12 M) (S/N = 3) using only an accumulation time of 400 s. The developed method was applied to determine insulin in a pharmacy drug from analytical-grade chemicals (from Aldrich).
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hea Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, 145 Anam ro, Seong buk gu Seoul, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Kwang Jin Choi
- Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang ro, Nowon gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwan Choi
- Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang ro, Nowon gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Lee
- Biosensor Research Institute, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, no won gu, Seoul, 01811, South Korea
| | - Suw Young Ly
- Biosensor Research Institute, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, no won gu, Seoul, 01811, South Korea.
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2
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Le Potier I, Boutonnet A, Ecochard V, Couderc F. Chemical and Instrumental Approaches for Capillary Electrophoresis (CE)-Fluorescence Analysis of Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1466:1-10. [PMID: 27473477 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-4014-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to fluorescence detection is an invaluable technique for the quantitative analysis of proteins of interest in the field of clinical diagnosis and quality control of novel biotechnology products. The various chemical and instrumental approaches that have been reported to carry out such sensitive analysis are described in this paper. To illustrate the contribution of CE to the analysis of therapeutic proteins, a detailed protocol for impurities profiling of a recombinant antibody sample using CE-LEDIF is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Le Potier
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR8612, Protein and Nanotechnology in Analytical Science (PNAS), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, Châtenay-Malabry, 92290, France
| | - Audrey Boutonnet
- Picometrics Technologies, 478 rue de la Découverte, Labège, 31670, France
| | - Vincent Ecochard
- IPBS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, 205 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse, 31062, France
| | - François Couderc
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse, 31062, France.
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3
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Simultaneous determination of insulin and its analogues in pharmaceutical formulations by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 111:344-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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4
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Glatz Z. On-capillary derivatisation as an approach to enhancing sensitivity in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:744-63. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Glatz
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science and CEITEC; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
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5
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Mesbah K, Oukacine F, Lehnert S, Otto M, Taverna M. On-line capillary electrophoresis derivatization method for high sensitivity analysis of ubiquitin in filtered cerebrospinal fluid. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2733-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefan Lehnert
- Department of Neurology; University of Ulm; Ulm; Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology; University of Ulm; Ulm; Germany
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6
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Zhao D, Lu M, Cai Z. Separation and determination of B vitamins and essential amino acids in health drinks by CE-LIF with simultaneous derivatization. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2424-32. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danyue Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Tong; Kowloon; Hong Kong SAR; China
| | - Minghua Lu
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Tong; Kowloon; Hong Kong SAR; China
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7
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Dong YL, Yan N, Li X, Zhou XM, Zhou L, Zhang HJ, Chen XG. Rapid and sensitive determination of hydroxyproline in dairy products using micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1233:156-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Hai X, Yang BF, Van Schepdael A. Recent developments and applications of EMMA in enzymatic and derivatization reactions. Electrophoresis 2011; 33:211-27. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Determination of binding parameters between lysozyme and its aptamer by frontal analysis continuous microchip electrophoresis (FACMCE). J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4052-8. [PMID: 21616496 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An original and simple methodology based on microchip electrophoresis (MCE) in a continuous frontal analysis mode (named frontal analysis continuous microchip electrophoresis, FACMCE) was developed for the simultaneous determination of the binding parameters, i.e. ligand-site dissociation constant (k(d)) and number of binding sites on the substrate (n). This simultaneous determination was exemplified with the interaction between an aptamer and its target. The selected target is a strongly basic protein, lysozyme, as its quantification is of great interest due to its antimicrobial and allergenic properties. A glass microdevice equipped with a fluorescence detection system was coated with hydroxypropylcellulose, reducing the electroosmotic flow and adsorption onto the channel walls. This microdevice allowed the continuous electrokinetic injection of a mixture of fluorescently labelled aptamer and non-labelled lysozyme. By determining the concentration of the free fluorescently labelled aptamer thanks to its corresponding plateau height, mathematical linearization methods allowed to determine a k(d) value of 48.4±8.0 nM, consistent with reported results (31 nM), while the average number of binding sites n on lysozyme, never determined before, was 0.16±0.03. These results seem to indicate that the buffer nature and the SELEX process should influence the number and affinity of the binding sites. In parallel it has been shown that the binding between lysozyme and its aptamer presents two sites of different binding affinities.
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Hai X, Nauwelaers T, Busson R, Adams E, Hoogmartens J, Van Schepdael A. A rapid and sensitive CE method with field-enhanced sample injection and in-capillary derivatization for selenomethionine metabolism catalyzed by flavin-containing monooxygenases. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3352-61. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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Su YS, Lin YP, Cheng FC, Jen JF. In-capillary derivatization and stacking electrophoretic analysis of gamma-aminobutyric acid and alanine in tea samples to redeem the detection after dilution to decrease matrix interference. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:120-126. [PMID: 20000401 DOI: 10.1021/jf902958u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An in-capillary derivatization and stacking capillary electrophoresis (CE) technique has been applied to redeem the detection of dilute analytes in the analysis of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and alanine (Ala) in tea samples. Extracts from samples were diluted to eliminate matrix interference before introduction into the CE system. GABA and Ala in the diluted sample zone were derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde/2-mercaptoethanol (OPA/2-ME) to form fluorescence-labeled products in the stacking process, and the labeled derivatives were then enriched by online stacking. Optimal conditions for the stacking, such as the concentration of the background buffer solution, the matrix of the sample zone (sample solution), and the volume of the sample injection, were investigated and then applied to real sample analysis. Under optimum conditions, the detections were linear in the range of 5.0 nM-2.5 microM with the square of correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.9995 and 0.9992 for GABA and Ala, respectively. Detection limits were found to be 0.7 and 0.8 nM for GABA and Ala, respectively. Tea samples were analyzed with recoveries between 92.33 and 97.87% and between 94.36 and 96.46% for GABA and Ala, respectively. This method is a rapid, convenient, and sensitive process for determining GABA and Ala in complicated matrix samples such as tea samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Song Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, and Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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12
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Merola ET, Catherman AD, Yehl JB, Strein TG. Determination of total antioxidant capacity of commercial beverage samples by capillary electrophoresis via inline reaction with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:6518-23. [PMID: 19572646 PMCID: PMC2737068 DOI: 10.1021/jf901214r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates proof-of-concept for the use of electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA) as a new approach to the determination of total antioxidant capacity (TAC). EMMA is a low-volume, high-efficiency capillary electrophoretic technique that has to date been underutilized for small molecule reactions. Here, nanoliter volumes of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP) reagent solution are mixed with an antioxidant-containing sample within the confines of a narrow-bore capillary tube. The mixing is accomplished by exploiting differential migration rates of the reagents when a voltage field is applied across the length of the capillary tube. The ensuing electron transfer reaction between DCIP and the antioxidant(s) is then used as a quantitative measure of the TAC of the sample. Linear calibration using either redox form of DCIP is accomplished with standard solutions of ascorbic acid. Several commercial beverage samples are analyzed, and the TAC values obtained with the reported methodology are compared to results obtained with the widely used ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) spectroscopic method. For the analysis of real samples of unknown ionic strength, the method of standard additions is shown to be superior to the use of external calibration. This easily automated EMMA method may represent a useful new approach to TAC determination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jenna B. Yehl
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, Phone: (570) 577-1641, FAX: (570) 577-1739,
| | - Timothy G. Strein
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, Phone: (570) 577-1641, FAX: (570) 577-1739,
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13
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Chen H, Chen R, Feng R, Li S. Simultaneous Analysis of Carbamate and Organophosphorus Pesticides in Water by Single-Drop Microextraction Coupled with GC–MS. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Martínez-Girón AB, García-Ruiz C, Crego AL, Marina ML. Development of an in-capillary derivatization method by CE for the determination of chiral amino acids in dietary supplements and wines. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:696-704. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Lin YP, Su YS, Jen JF. Capillary electrophoretic analysis of gamma-aminobutyric acid and alanine in tea with in-capillary derivatization and fluorescence detection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:2103-8. [PMID: 17302427 DOI: 10.1021/jf062996o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate an in-capillary derivatization capillary electrophoresis (CE) technique that was performed to determine the concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and alanine (Ala) in tea after being derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde/2-mercaptoethanol (OPA/2-ME) to form fluorescence-labeled products. The conditions of labeled derivatization and CE separation were optimized and then applied to real sample analysis. The labeled derivatization with 20 mM OPA and 26.67 mM 2-ME (mol ratio=0.75) at pH 10 offered the most sensitive detection, and the separation with 30 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 10.0) under 21 kV achieved good selectivity within 14 min. The detections were linear in the range of 0.05-5 microM with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.9995 and 0.9964 and with detection limits of 0.004 and 0.02 microM for GABA and Ala, respectively. The recoveries were 94.22% (3.58% RSD) and 93.54% (6.46% RSD) for five determinations of GABA and Ala, respectively. This method is a fast, convenient, sensitive, and eco-friendly way to determine the GABA and Ala in tea samples from different manufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yar-Ping Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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16
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Zhou L, Luo Z, Wang S, Hui Y, Hu Z, Chen X. In-capillary derivatization and laser-induced fluorescence detection for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1149:377-84. [PMID: 17412355 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We developed a rapid and sensitive method using in-capillary derivatization and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection for the fully automated analysis of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), including glufosinate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and glyphosate by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). The potential of 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F) as in-capillary derivatization reagent is described for the first time. The unique feature of this MEKC method is the capillary being used as a small reaction chamber. In in-capillary derivatization, the sample and reagent solutions were injected directly into the capillary by tandem mode, followed by an electrokinetic step to enhance the mixing efficiency of analytes and reagent plugs in accordance with their different electrophoretic mobilities. Standing a specified time for reaction, the derivatives were then immediately separated and determined. Careful optimization of the derivatization and separation conditions allowed the determination of glufosinate, AMPA and glyphosate with detection limits of 2.8, 3.6 and 32.2 ng/mL, respectively. These detection limits were comparable to those of 1.4, 1.9 and 23.8 ng/mL obtained from conventional pre-capillary derivatization. Furthermore, repeatability better than 0.40% for migration time and 3.4% for peak area, as well as shorter migration time, was obtained. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of spiked river water sample with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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17
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Natishan TK. Recent Progress in the Analysis of Pharmaceuticals by Capillary Electrophoresis. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-200053014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa K. Natishan
- a Merck & Co., Inc. , Merck Research Laboratories, Analytical Research , Rahway, New Jersey, USA
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Abstract
CE- and microchip-based separations coupled with LIF are powerful tools for the separation, detection and determination of biomolecules. CE with certain configurations has the potential to detect a small number of molecules or even a single molecule, thanks to the high spatial coherence of the laser source which permits the excitation of very small sample volumes with high efficiency. This review article discusses the use of LIF detection for the analysis of peptides and proteins in CE. The most common laser sources, basic instrumentation, derivatization modes and set-ups are briefly presented and special attention is paid to the different fluorogenic agents used for pre-, on- and postcapillary derivatization of the functional groups of these compounds. A table summarizing major applications of these derivatization reactions to the analysis of peptides and proteins in CE-LIF and a bibliography with 184 references are provided which covers papers published to the end of 2005.
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19
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Zhang H, Le Potier I, Smadja C, Zhang J, Taverna M. Fluorescent detection of peptides and amino acids for capillary electrophoresis via on-line derivatization with 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:1387-94. [PMID: 16953320 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2006] [Revised: 07/22/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An in-capillary derivatization of amino acids and peptides with 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F) was developed for their subsequent capillary electrophoretic analysis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (lambda (ex)=488 nm). The in-capillary derivatization was achieved in zone-passing mode by introducing successive plugs of sample and NBD-F into a fused silica capillary previously equilibrated with an alkaline borate buffer. To prevent NBD-F hydrolysis and to achieve a reliable derivatization, NBD-F was prepared daily in absolute ethanol and a plug of absolute ethanol was introduced between the sample and NBD-F reagent plugs. Various parameters influencing the derivatization efficiency were investigated and the optimum conditions were as follows: background electrolyte (BGE), 20 mM borate buffer (pH 8.8); introduction time, 4 s for sample and 2 s for NBD-F; molar ratio of NBD-F/sample, above 215; temperature, 45 degrees C for amino acids and 35 degrees C for peptides; applied voltage, +15 kV. The validation of the in-capillary derivatization method under optimal conditions showed a good linearity between the heights of the derivative peaks and the concentrations of the amino acids. The intra-day relative standard deviations of the migration times and the peak heights were less than 1.3% and 4.6%, respectively. The efficient derivatization and separation of a mixture of valine, alanine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid were achieved using this technique. Peptides such as buccaline and beta-protein fragment 1-42 could also be derivatized using the developed in-capillary derivatization procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China.
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Kasicka V. Recent developments in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography of peptides. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:142-75. [PMID: 16307429 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The article gives a comprehensive review on the recent developments in the applications of high-performance capillary electromigration methods, zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography, to analysis, preparation, and physicochemical characterization of peptides. The article presents new approaches to the theoretical description and experimental verification of electromigration behavior of peptides, covers the methodological aspects of capillary electroseparations of peptides, such as rational selection of separation conditions, sample preparation, suppression of peptide adsorption, new developments in individual separation modes, and new designs of detection systems. Several types of applications of capillary electromigration methods to peptide analysis are presented: conventional qualitative and quantitative analysis, purity control, determination in biomatrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid and sequence analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. Some examples of micropreparative peptide separations are given and capabilities of capillary electromigration techniques to provide important physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kasicka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
This review article with 304 references describes recent developments in CE of proteins, and covers the two years since the previous review (Hutterer, K., Dolník, V., Electrophoresis 2003, 24, 3998-4012) through Spring 2005. It covers topics related to CE of proteins, including modeling of the electrophoretic migration of proteins, sample pretreatment, wall coatings, improving separation, various forms of detection, special electrophoretic techniques such as affinity CE, CIEF, and applications of CE to the analysis of proteins in real-world samples including human body fluids, food and agricultural samples, protein pharmaceuticals, and recombinant protein preparations.
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22
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Zhang J, Hoogmartens J, Van Schepdael A. Advances in capillary electrophoretically mediated microanalysis: An update. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:35-43. [PMID: 16307428 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This review, as a continuation of an earlier report, gives an overview of recent developments, over the period from 2003 until now, in the use of capillary electrophoretic techniques for the in-line study of enzymatic reactions, derivatization, and chemical reactions. The article is divided into two parts: (i) in-line enzymatic reactions and (ii) in-line derivatization and chemical reactions. The first part introduces electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA) and discusses and illustrates the different modes of EMMA. A literature overview on enzymatic reactions is provided. The second part starts with an introduction of the procedures and the nomenclature used in the area of in-line derivatization and chemical reactions based on EMMA. Reported derivatization and chemical reaction procedures are discussed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Descroix S, Le Potier I, Niquet C, Minc N, Viovy JL, Taverna M. In-capillary non-covalent labeling of insulin and one gastrointestinal peptide for their analyses by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1087:203-9. [PMID: 16130715 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The potential of the commercially available dye sypro orange for in-capillary derivatization was evaluated for the detection of insulin and one gastrointestinal peptide (Arg-Arg-gastrin) by capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence (CE-LIF). The fluorescent emission intensity (lambda(ex) = 488 nm, lambda(em) = 610 nm) of this probe is very low in aqueous medium, and increases strongly in less polar solvent, e.g. methanol. The hydrophobic character of the two analyzed peptides is too low to induce sufficient interaction with the fluorescent probe for good sensitivity when the latter is alone in the background electrolyte. Thus, the potential of several neutral, zwitterionic, cationic and anionic surfactants to favor probe/peptide interactions has been evaluated. It was demonstrated that a borate buffer (pH 8.5) containing tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) in sub-micellar conditions can be considered as the most suitable buffer for insulin CE-LIF analysis. In addition, the method showed a good linearity between insulin concentration and the peak area of the labeled insulin, allowing quantitative measurements. The sensitivity achieved so far is comparable with that achieved with UV absorption detection, but even at this level it is interesting for microchip analysis, in which fluorescence detection is much more commonly available than UV absorption detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Descroix
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Groupe de Chimie Analytique, Université Paris-Sud, EA 3343, Rue J.B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Lacroix M, Poinsot V, Fournier C, Couderc F. Laser-induced fluorescence detection schemes for the analysis of proteins and peptides using capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:2608-21. [PMID: 15948219 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200410414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, a large number of studies have been prepared that describe the analysis of peptides and proteins using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). These studies have focused on two general goals: (i) development of automatic, selective and quick separation and detection of mixtures of peptides or proteins; (ii) generation of new methods of quantitation for very low concentrations (nm and subnanomolar) of peptides. These two goals are attained with the use of covalent labelling reactions using a variety of dyes that can be readily excited by the radiation from a commonly available laser or via the use of noncovalent labelling (immunoassay using a labelled antibody or antigen or noncovalent dye interactions). In this review article, we summarize the works which were performed for protein and peptide analysis via CE-LIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Lacroix
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR 5623, ERT 1046, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Priego-Capote F, Luque de Castro MD. Dual injection capillary electrophoresis: Foundations and applications. Electrophoresis 2004; 25:4074-85. [PMID: 15597416 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200406135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The state of the art of capillary electrophoresis (CE) approaches based on dual injection is here reported. Dual injection strategies have been proposed with three main objectives: (i) to provide information about reaction kinetics and/or related parameters, (ii) to perform in-capillary derivatization for improving separation and/or determination, (iii) to develop electrophoretic methods for the simultaneous analysis of anionic and cationic compounds. For the first two purposes, dual injection, which involves sample and reagent, can be realized either from the same end of the capillary (electrophoretically mediated microanalysis, EMMA) or from the two ends of the capillary (electroinjection analysis, EIA). The third objective, with dual injection of sample from the two ends of the capillary, takes advantage of moving cationic and anionic compounds with opposite directions. The foundations of each alternative, conditions necessary for working with them, restrictions, applications as well as perspectives are reviewed in order to establish the advantages, shortcomings, and convenience or no of their use in comparison to conventional CE.
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