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Daneshvar Tarigh G. Enantioseparation/Recognition based on nano techniques/materials. J Sep Sci 2023:e2201065. [PMID: 37043692 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202201065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomers show different behaviors in interaction with the chiral environment. Due to their identical chemical structure and their wide application in various industries, such as agriculture, medicine, pesticide, food, and so forth, their separation is of great importance. Today, the term "nano" is frequently encountered in all fields. Technology and measuring devices are moving towards miniaturization, and the usage of nanomaterials in all sectors is expanding substantially. Given that scientists have recently attempted to apply miniaturized techniques known as nano-liquid chromatography/capillary-liquid chromatography, which were originally accomplished in 1988, as well as the widespread usage of nanomaterials for chiral resolution (back in 1989), this comprehensive study was developed. Searching the terms "nano" and "enantiomer separation" on scientific websites such as Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science yields articles that either use miniaturized instruments or apply nanomaterials as chiral selectors with a variety of chemical and electrochemical detection techniques, which are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazale Daneshvar Tarigh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Background::
Nano level chiral separation is necessary and demanding in the development
of the drug, genomic, proteomic, and other chemical and the environmental sciences. Few drugs exist
in human body cells for some days at nano level concentrations, that are out of the jurisdiction of the
detection by standard separation techniques. Likewise, the separation and identification of xenobiotics
and other environmental contaminants (at nano or low levels) are necessary for our healthiness.
Discussion:
Conclusion:
This article will be beneficial for chiral chromatographers, academicians, pharmaceutical
industries, environmental researchers and Government regulation authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Arsh Basheer
- State University of New York, Flint Entrance, Amherst, NY 14260, Buffalo, United States
| | - Iqbal Hussain
- Department of General Studies, Jubail Industrial College, Jubail Industrial City, Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcus T. Scotti
- Cheminformatics Laboratory - Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraiba-Campus I, 58051-970, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Teaching and Research Management - University Hospital, Cheminformatics Laboratory - Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraiba-Campus I, 58051-970, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medina Al-Munawara - 41477, Saudi Arabia
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D'Orazio G, Fanali C, Fanali S, Gentili A, Karchkhadze M, Chankvetadze B. Further study on enantiomer resolving ability of amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) covalently immobilized onto silica in nano-liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1623:461213. [PMID: 32505297 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study separation of enantiomers of some chiral neutral, basic and weakly acidic analytes was investigated on the chiral stationary phase (CSP) made by covalent immobilization of amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) onto aminopropylsilanized (APS) silica in nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC) in aqueous methanol or acetonitrile mixtures. It has been shown that similar to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) this chiral selector is useful for separation of enantiomers of neutral, basic and acidic analytes also in nano-LC. In comparison to our previous research, in which the chiral selector (CS) was bonded on native silica, in this study, the CS was immobilized on APS silica in order to improve chromatographic performance towards basic analytes. In fact, some improvement was observed and surprisingly not only for basic but also for neutral and acidic analytes. Again, quite unexpectedly almost no electroosmotic flow (EOF) was observed in capillaries packed with ca. 20% (w/w) amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) immobilized onto APS silica although the same APS silica before attachment of chiral selector exhibited significant EOF. In order to generate EOF in the capillaries with the CSP and enable capillary electrochromatographic (CEC) experiment on it, the short segment of the capillary column was packed with APS silica without chiral selector. The EOF in such capillary enabled CEC experiment and some preliminary results are reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni D'Orazio
- Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB), CNR- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria Km 29,300 - 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Chiara Fanali
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- Teaching Committee of Ph.D. School in Natural Science and Engineering, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 15 - 37129 Verona, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Gentili
- Department of Chemistry "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Karchkhadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
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D'Orazio G, Fanali C, Gentili A, Tagliaro F, Fanali S. Nano-liquid chromatography for enantiomers separation of baclofen by using vancomycin silica stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1605:360358. [PMID: 31337499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The chiral separation of baclofen (Bac) was obtained by nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS) using a 100 μm I.D. fused silica capillary column packed with silica particles chemically modified with vancomycin. Various experimental parameters, such as composition (buffer concentration, water content, organic modifier) and pH of the mobile phase and sample solvent were investigated for method optimization. In order to increase the sensitivity an on-column focusing procedure was applied. Acceptable separation of Bac enantiomers was obtained in less than 11 min eluting in isocratic mode, with 90:10 MeOH/water (v/v) containing 10 mM ammonium acetate at pH 4.5. These optimized experimental conditions were applied to the analysis of human plasma samples spiked with racemic mixture of Bac. The use of a Buckypaper disc as sorbent membrane allows one to recover both enantiomers with yields ≥ 65%. The method was fully validated, following the identification criteria of the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni D'Orazio
- Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB), CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Fanali
- Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Franco Tagliaro
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomics Laboratory of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- Teaching Committee of Ph.D. School in Natural Science and Engineering, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Fanali C, Fanali S. Application of Sub-2 Micron Particle Silica Hydride Derivatized with Vancomycin for Chiral Separations by Nano-Liquid Chromatography. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1985:239-250. [PMID: 31069738 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9438-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
1.8 μm Silica hydride particles have been derivatized with vancomycin and applied to the enantioseparation of some racemic herbicides and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by nano-liquid chromatography. The chiral stationary phase (CSP) was packed for only 11 cm and the enantiomers were separated utilizing a laboratory-assembled instrumentation. The new CSP was very effective for the separation of the above mentioned acidic compounds, while poor resolutions were obtained for basic compounds. Mixtures of acetate buffer with methanol or acetonitrile allowed the chiral resolution of all compounds. Fast chiral separation of a NSAIDs-related compound can be achieved in less than 60 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fanali
- Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- PhD School in Natural Science and Engineering, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Nurhidayah ES, Ivansyah AL, Martoprawiro MA, Zulfikar MA. A Molecular docking study to predict enantioseparation of some chiral carboxylic acid derivatives by methyl-β-cyclodextrin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1013/1/012203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abdollahpour A, Heydari R, Shamsipur M. Two Synthetic Methods for Preparation of Chiral Stationary Phases Using Crystalline Degradation Products of Vancomycin: Column Performance for Enantioseparation of Acidic and Basic Drugs. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:1855-1862. [PMID: 27844416 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Two chiral stationary phases (CSPs) based on crystalline degradation products (CDPs) of vancomycin by using different synthetic methods were prepared and compared. Crystalline degradation products of vancomycin were produced by hydrolytic loss of ammonia from vancomycin molecules. Performances of two chiral columns prepared with these degradation products were investigated using several acidic and basic drugs as model analytes. Retention and resolution of these analytes on the prepared columns, as two main parameters, in enantioseparation were studied. The results demonstrated that the stationary phase preparation procedure has a significant effect on the column performance. The resolving powers of prepared columns for enantiomers resolution were changed with the variation in vancomycin-CDP coverage on the silica support. Elemental analysis was used to monitor the surface coverage of silica support by vancomycin-CDP. The results showed that both columns can be successfully applied to chiral separation studies.
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Fanali S. Nano-liquid chromatography applied to enantiomers separation. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1486:20-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fanali C, Fanali S. Chiral Separations using Miniaturized Techniques: State of the Art and Perspectives. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fanali
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca; Campus Bio-Medico University; Rome (Italy)
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies; Italian National Research Council (CNR); Area della Ricerca di Roma I; Via Salaria km. 29.300-00015 Monterotondo, Rome (Italy)
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Rocchi S, Fanali C, Fanali S. Use of a Novel Sub-2 µm Silica Hydride Vancomycin Stationary Phase in Nano-Liquid Chromatography. II. Separation of Derivatized Amino Acid Enantiomers. Chirality 2015; 27:767-72. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rocchi
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies; Italian National Research Council (C.N.R.); Rome Italy
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
| | - Chiara Fanali
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca; Campus Bio-Medico University; Monterotondo Italy
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies; Italian National Research Council (C.N.R.); Rome Italy
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Enantiomers separation by nano-liquid chromatography: Use of a novel sub-2μm vancomycin silica hydride stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1381:149-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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HPLC Separation of Enantiomers of Some Chiral Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Using Polysaccharide-Based Chiral Columns and Polar Organic Mobile Phases. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-2852-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Borowiecki P. Enantiodifferentiation of promethazine using (S)-(−)-BINOL as the NMR chiral solvating agent: determination of the enantiomeric purity and performance comparison with traditional chiral HPLC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fanali C, Dugo L, Dugo P, Mondello L. Capillary-liquid chromatography (CLC) and nano-LC in food analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fanali S, Rocchi S, Chankvetadze B. Use of novel phenyl-hexyl core-shell particles in nano-LC. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1737-42. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Fanali
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies; Italian National Research Council; Monterotondo; Rome; Italy
| | - Silvia Rocchi
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies; Italian National Research Council; Monterotondo; Rome; Italy
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry; Tbilisi State University; Tbilisi; Georgia
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Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of propranolol enantiomers from human plasma based on the solidification of a floating organic droplet. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:701-10. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on the solidification of a floating organic droplet was developed and validated for the extraction of propranolol enantiomers from human plasma. The studied enantiomers were extracted from diluted and alkalized plasma samples using 1-undecanol as the extracting solvent. HPLC–fluorescence detection analyses were carried out on a chiral column, using n-hexane–ethanol (80:20, v/v) plus 0.2% triethylamine as the mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The significant factors in the microextraction procedure, including extracting and disperser solvents volume, solution pH and salt contents were optimized by using a central composite design and the response surface methodology. Results: Under optimized conditions, the mean recoveries were approximately 14% with linear responses over the 0.5–100 ng/ml concentration range for both enantiomers. The LOQ was 0.5 ng/ml (S/N = 10). Intra-day (n = 5) and inter-day (n = 3) assay precision (1 and 50 ng/ml) showed RSD lower than 8 and 9.5% for studied enantiomers, respectively. Finally, the method was successfully used for the determination of propranolol enantiomers in plasma samples obtained after single drug administration of racemic propranolol tablet to three healthy volunteers. The plasmatic concentrations of (-)-(S)-PROP were higher than those of (+)-(R)-PROP in all times after oral administration of the racemic drug. Conclusion: The obtained results proved that the proposed method is a powerful technique for sample preparation, providing suitable recoveries, efficient cleanup, high selectivity and sensitivity and low consumption of organic solvent for determination of the studied enantiomers in plasma samples after oral administration of the racemic drug to volunteers.
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Matarashvili I, Chankvetadze L, Fanali S, Farkas T, Chankvetadze B. HPLC separation of enantiomers of chiral arylpropionic acid derivatives using polysaccharide-based chiral columns and normal-phase eluents with emphasis on elution order. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:140-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iza Matarashvili
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences; Tbilisi State University; Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Lali Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences; Tbilisi State University; Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Monterotondo Scalo (Roma); Italy
| | | | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences; Tbilisi State University; Tbilisi Georgia
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Rocco A, Maruška A, Fanali S. Enantiomeric separations by means of nano-LC. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:421-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rocco
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnologies; Vytautas Magnus University; Kaunas Lithuania
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Rome Italy
| | - Audrius Maruška
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnologies; Vytautas Magnus University; Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Rome Italy
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Si-Ahmed K, Aturki Z, Chankvetadze B, Fanali S. Evaluation of novel amylose and cellulose-based chiral stationary phases for the stereoisomer separation of flavanones by means of nano-liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 738:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wiedmer SK, D’Orazio G, Smått JH, Bourdin D, Baños-Pérez C, Sakeye M, Kivilompolo M, Kopperi M, Ruiz-Jiménez J, Fanali S, Riekkola ML. Polyethylenimine-modified metal oxides for fabrication of packed capillary columns for capillary electrochromatography and capillary liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5020-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Enantiomeric separation of propranolol by normal phase chiral liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Se Pu 2011; 29:26-30. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2011.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Pittler E, Schmid MG. Enantioseparation of dansyl amino acids by HPLC on a monolithic column dynamically coated with a vancomycin derivative. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 24:1213-9. [PMID: 20954213 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this work a chiral stationary phase was prepared by dynamically coating a monolithic reversed-phase HPLC column with a vancomycin-derivative as chiral selector. A hydrophobic alkyl-chain was attached to the vancomycin molecule, providing the immobilization of the chiral selector on the reversed-phase material. Dansyl amino acids were chosen as model analytes for testing the separation power of the dynamically coated phase. All investigated compounds were separated into their enantiomers. Compared with a conventionally packed vancomycin-CSP, a reversal of the enantiomer elution order was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elfriede Pittler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University, Universitätsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Coupling capillary electrochromatography with mass spectrometry by using a liquid-junction nano-spray interface. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4079-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Si-Ahmed K, Tazerouti F, Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed AY, Aturki Z, D’Orazio G, Rocco A, Fanali S. Analysis of hesperetin enantiomers in human urine after ingestion of blood orange juice by using nano-liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:225-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Revised: 08/08/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Highlighting the possible secondary interactions in the role of balhimycin and its analogues for enantiorecognition in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1217:1149-56. [PMID: 19782369 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It is believed that the enantiorecognition mechanism based on macrocyclic antibiotics involves multimodal interactions via hydrogen bonding, pi-pi interaction, steric hindrance, hydrophobic interaction and so on. A variety of enantiomeric N-benzoylated amino acids were separated using balhimycin (A) or its analogues bromobalhimycin (B) and dechlorobalhimycin (C) as chiral mobile phase additive using a CE method, which combined the partial filling technique with the dynamic coating technique and the co-EOF electrophoresis technique. The enantioresolution and the migration time were highly relevant to the structure of analytes, especially to the substitutions on the N-tagged benzoyl moiety of the amino acids. A steric effect and pi-pi interaction based mechanism is proposed in order to explain some observed enantioresolution differences between positional isomers. Notably dechlorobalhimycin exhibited the best enantioresolution for several N-benzoylated derivatives of leucine, which was rarely observed for N-dansylated amino acid derivatives. The hydrophobicity difference of the aglycone pocket among three chiral selectors was assumed to account for this behaviour.
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Si-Ahmed K, Tazerouti F, Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed AY, Aturki Z, D'Orazio G, Rocco A, Fanali S. Optical isomer separation of flavanones and flavanone glycosides by nano-liquid chromatography using a phenyl-carbamate-propyl-beta-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1217:1175-82. [PMID: 19699481 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper a phenyl-carbamate-propyl-beta-cyclodextrin stationary phase was employed for the enantioseparation of several flavonoids, including flavanones and methoxyflavanones by using nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC). The same stationary phase was also used for the diastereoisomeric separation of two flavanone glycosides. The compounds: flavanone, 2'-hydroxyflavanone, 4'-hydroxyflavanone, 6-hydroxyflavanone, 7-hydroxyflavanone, 4'-methoxyflavanone, 6-methoxyflavanone, 7-methoxyflavanone, hesperetin, hesperidin, naringenin and naringin were studied using reversed, polar organic and normal elution modes. The effect of the nature and composition of the mobile phase (organic modifier type, buffer and water content in the reversed phase mode) on the enantioresolution (R(s)), retention factor (k) and enantioselectivity (alpha) were investigated. Baseline resolution of all studied flavonoids, with the exception of 2'-hydroxyflavanone and naringin, was achieved in reversed phase mode using a mixture of MeOH/H(2)O at different ratios as mobile phase. Good results, in terms of peak efficiency and short analysis time, were obtained adding 1% triethylammonium acetate pH 4.5 buffer to MeOH/H(2)O mixture. The separation of the studied compounds was also performed in polar organic mode. By using 100% of MeOH as mobile phase, the resolution was achieved for the studied analytes, except for 7-hydroxyflavanone, 2'-hydroxyflavanone, naringenin, hesperidin and naringin. Normal mode was tested employing a mixture of EtOH/hexane/TFA as mobile phase achieving the enantiomeric and diastereomeric separation of only hesperetin and hesperidin, respectively. The use of nano-LC technique for the resolution of flavanones optical isomers allowed to achieve good resolutions in shorter analysis time compared to the results reported in literature with conventional HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahina Si-Ahmed
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies, Italian National Council of Research, Area della Ricerca di Roma, Via Salaria Km 29, 300-00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
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Buonasera K, D’Orazio G, Fanali S, Dugo P, Mondello L. Separation of organophosphorus pesticides by using nano-liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3970-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gholami M, Ghassempour A, Alizadeh R, Aboul-Enein HY. Microcolumn LC enantioseparation of chiral compounds using diol silica gel functionalized with vancomycin crystalline degradation products. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:918-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Reshetova EN, Asnin LD. The chromatographic behavior and thermodynamic characteristics of adsorption of profen enantiomers on silica gel with grafted eremomycin antibiotic. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024409040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Using supported liquid extraction together with cellobiohydrolase chiral stationary phases-based liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for enantioselective determination of acebutolol and its active metabolite diacetolol in spiked human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:173-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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33
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Enantioselective determination of alprenolol in human plasma by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry using cellobiohydrolase chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 872:121-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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D'Orazio G, Fanali S. Enantiomeric separation by using nano-liquid chromatography with on-column focusing. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:2567-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Huang L, Lin JM, Yu L, Xu L, Chen G. Field-amplified on-line sample stacking for simultaneous enantioseparation and determination of some β-blockers using capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3588-94. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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36
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Chiral nano-liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry applied to amino acids analysis for orange juice profiling. Food Chem 2008; 108:1114-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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MacLeod SL, Sudhir P, Wong CS. Stereoisomer analysis of wastewater-derived β-blockers, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, and salbutamol by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1170:23-33. [PMID: 17915230 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2007] [Revised: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A reversed-phase enantioselective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS) method was developed to measure enantiomer fractions (EF) and concentrations of pharmaceuticals in wastewater. Enantiomer resolution of six beta-blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, nadolol, pindolol, propranolol, and sotalol) along with two selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (citalopram, fluoxetine) and one beta(2)-agonist (salbutamol) was achieved with the Chirobiotic V stationary phase. Analyte recovery averaged 86% in influent and 78% in effluent with limits of detection ranging from 0.2 to 7.5 ng/L. These results represent an improvement in wastewater EF measurement for atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol as well as the first EF measurements of citalopram, fluoxetine, nadolol, pindolol, salbutamol and sotalol in wastewaters. Changes in EF through treatment indicate biologically mediated stereoselective processes were likely occurring during wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri L MacLeod
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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38
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HPLC–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric method for enantioselective determination of R,S-propranolol and R,S-hyoscyamine in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 859:213-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Aturki Z, Scotti V, D'Orazio G, Rocco A, Raggi MA, Fanali S. Enantioselective separation of the novel antidepressant mirtazapine and its main metabolites by CEC. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2717-25. [PMID: 17592613 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the simultaneous enantioseparation of the second-generation antidepressant drug mirtazapine and its main metabolites 8-hydroxymirtazapine and N-desmethylmirtazapine by chiral CEC is reported. The separation of all enantiomers under study was achieved employing a capillary column packed with a vancomycin-modified diol stationary phase. With the aim to optimize the separation of the three pairs of enantiomers in the same run, different experimental parameters were studied including the mobile phase composition (buffer concentration and pH, organic modifier type and ratio, and water content), stationary phase composition, and capillary temperature. A capillary column packed with vancomycin mixed with silica particles in the ratio (3:1) and a mobile phase composed of 100 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 6)/H(2)O/MeOH/ACN (5:15:30:50, by vol.) allowed the complete enantioresolution of each pair of enantiomers but not the simultaneous separation of all the studied compounds. For this purpose, a packing bed composed of vancomycin-CSP only was tested and the baseline resolution of the three couples of enantiomers was achieved in a single run in less than 30 min, setting the applied voltage and temperature at 25 kV and 20 degrees C, respectively. In order to show the potential applicability of the developed CEC method to biomedical analysis, a study concerning precision, sensitivity, and linearity was performed. The method was then applied to the separation of the enantiomers in a human urine sample spiked with the studied compounds after suitable SPE procedure with strong cation-exchange (SCX) cartridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeineb Aturki
- Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy.
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40
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Dong X, Dong J, Ou J, Zhu Y, Zou H. Preparation and evaluation of a vancomycin-immobilized silica monolith as chiral stationary phase for CEC. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2606-12. [PMID: 17592611 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomeric separations in CEC with the macrocyclic antibiotic vancomycin immobilized silica monolith as a chiral stationary phase are presented. The monolithic silica capillary columns were prepared by a sol-gel process in fused-silica capillaries with an inner diameter of 50 mum and subsequently in situ immobilization of vancomycin as a chiral selector by reductive amination. Enantioselectivity was obtained for eight pairs of enantiomers in nonaqueous polar organic or aqueous mobile phases and most of them were baseline-separated with high column efficiencies. It was observed that the organic modifier ratio (MeOH/ACN) in the polar organic mobile phase played a significant role in controlling the resolution and efficiency of the enantiomers. In enantiomeric separation of propranolol, repeatability for column efficiency and resolution in the nonaqueous mobile phase was given in terms of RSD values at 1.1 and 2.3% (n = 5) for run-to-run injections and 7.2 and 9.6% (n = 5) for column-to-column testing while repeatability for the separation of thalidomide in the aqueous mobile phase was given in terms of RSD values at 1.5, 2.8% and 6.1, 10.5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Xixi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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41
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Hernández-Borges J, Aturki Z, Rocco A, Fanali S. Recent applications in nanoliquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:1589-610. [PMID: 17623443 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Since its first introduction by Karlsson and Novotny in 1988 nano-LC has emerged as a complementary and/or competitive separation method to conventional HPLC, offering several advantages such as higher efficiency, ability to work with minute sample sizes and lower consumption of mobile phases, and better compatibility with MS, etc. Although its use was not so extended initially, in the last years new and interesting applications have appeared which deserve to be carefully considered. The aim of this review is therefore to provide an updated and critical survey of different nano-LC applications in analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hernández-Borges
- Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area della Ricerca di Roma I, Rome, Italy
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42
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Fanali S, Aturki Z, D'Orazio G, Rocco A. Separation of basic compounds of pharmaceutical interest by using nano-liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1150:252-8. [PMID: 17069825 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Revised: 09/27/2006] [Accepted: 10/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS) was evaluated for the separation of basic compounds of pharmaceutical interest. The separation of selected beta-blockers, namely nadolol, oxprenolol, alprenolol and propranolol in the presence of terbutaline was performed using two 75 microm I.D. capillaries packed with two different RP18 stationary phases (SP). The best results concerning resolution and efficiency were achieved using the SP where free silanol groups were not present. As expected, this latter SP proved to be very efficient and symmetry factors were observed mainly in the case of the more retained analytes. Baseline resolution of all studied basic compounds was achieved with the Cogent bidentate C18 silica phase (CBC18) eluting analytes at 800 nL/min with a mobile phase containing 500 mM ammonium acetate pH 4.5-water-methanol (1:8:91, v/v/v). The separated basic compounds were revealed using on-column UV detector at 205 nm and electrospray-ion-trap mass spectrometer (ESI-MS). The packed capillary was connected to the MS through a commercial sheath liquid interface or a sheathless nano-spray interface and in both cases the sensitivity was studied and the results compared. Limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.1 ng/mL was measured for nadolol using the sheathless nano-spray interface and the capillary column packed with the CBC18 stationary phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Fanali
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo (Rome), Italy.
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43
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Hernández-Borges J, D'Orazio G, Aturki Z, Fanali S. Nano-liquid chromatography analysis of dansylated biogenic amines in wines. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1147:192-9. [PMID: 17353021 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Revised: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the simultaneous analysis of 10 biogenic amines (ethanolamine, methylamine, tryptamine, 2-phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, spermidine and spermine) in wines by nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC) using UV detection and a capillary bidentate C(18) column of 100 microm I.D. is proposed. The 10 selected amines, which are the most important to be determined in wine samples, were derivatized with dansyl-chloride (Dns-Cl) previous to their nano-LC determination. Excess of the derivatizing agent as well as other components of the samples were eliminated by the use of an on-line cleaning step employing a C(18) trapping column which also provided a pre-concentration effect. The mobile phase composed of acetonitrile, water, acetic acid and triethylamine (TEA) mixture was pumped at a low flow rate (634 nL/min). Limits of detection (LODs) achieved ranged between 18.3 and 48.3 ng/mL; while calibration curves showed good linearity (R(2)>0.9924). The method was applied to the analysis of this group of amines in white and red wine samples after suitable treatment with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and extraction with C(18) cartridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hernández-Borges
- Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, P.O. Box 10, Area della Ricerca di Roma, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
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44
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Nikolai LN, McClure EL, Macleod SL, Wong CS. Stereoisomer quantification of the -blocker drugs atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol in wastewaters by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1131:103-9. [PMID: 16893548 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2005] [Revised: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS) method was developed and validated for measuring individual enantiomers of three beta-blocker drugs (atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol) in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influents and effluents. Mean recoveries of the pharmaceuticals ranged from 67 to 106%, and the limits of detection of the analytes were 2-17 ng/L in wastewater effluents. The method was demonstrated by measuring, for the first time, the stereoisomer composition of target analytes in raw and treated wastewaters of two Canadian WWTPs. In these trials, racemic amounts of the three drugs were observed in influent of one wastewater treatment plant, but nonracemic amounts were observed in another. Effluents of the two plants contained nonracemic amounts of the drugs. These results indicate that biologically-mediated stereoselective processes that differ among WWTPs had occurred to eliminate individual enantiomers of the target analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N Nikolai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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45
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Musenga A, Mandrioli R, Zecchi V, Luppi B, Fanali S, Raggi MA. Capillary electrophoretic analysis of the antibiotic vancomycin in innovative microparticles and in commercial formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 42:32-8. [PMID: 16378705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Revised: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 11/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new fast capillary electrophoretic method has been developed for the analysis of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin in formulations. An electrophoretic run is completed within 3.0 min; fused silica capillaries (100 microm i.d., 8.5 cm effective length and 48.5 cm total length) and a background electrolyte consisting of 12.5 mM, pH 2.5 phosphate buffer are used. The applied voltage is -20.0 kV; samples are injected by pressure (30 mbar x 3 s) at the anodic end of the capillary. The method was successfully applied to innovative controlled release microparticles consisting of a coated albumin core containing vancomycin. A simple procedure has been developed to obtain complete vancomycin extraction from microparticles using a 5% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulphate aqueous solution. The method has been validated in terms of linearity, precision and accuracy. Good linearity was found in the 0.25-5.00 microg/mL range. Satisfactory precision was obtained, with relative standard deviation values always lower than 3.9%; accuracy was satisfactory, with recovery values between 97.8 and 102.2%. The method is also suitable for vancomycin determination in commercial capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Musenga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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46
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Guo Z, Wang H, Zhang Y. Chiral separation of ketoprofen on an achiral C8 column by HPLC using norvancomycin as chiral mobile phase additives. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:310-4. [PMID: 16326062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2005] [Revised: 10/25/2005] [Accepted: 10/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for chiral separation of ketoprofen racemate was developed. (R)- and (S)-ketoprofen enantiomers were separated on a Hypersil BDS C8 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 microm) at 25 degrees C, using acetonitrile-triethylamine acetate (TEAA) buffer (pH 5.2, 20 mM) (35:65, v/v) containing 2.0 mM norvancomycin as the mobile phase. Effects of norvancomycin concentration, content of acetonitrile and TEAA buffer pH on the enantioseparation were investigated. The method was validated for linearity, repeatability, limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ). Calibration curves (r2 = 0.999) were constructed in the range of 2.01-200.8 microg ml(-1) for (S)-ketoprofen and 2.04-152.4 microg ml(-1) for (R)-ketoprofen, respectively. Repeatability (n = 5) showed less than 2% relative standard deviation (R.S.D.). LOD and LOQ for the two enantiomers were found to be 0.20 and 0.78 ng for (S)-ketoprofen, 0.20 and 0.86 ng for (R)-ketoprofen, respectively. Norvancomycin and vancomycin as chiral mobile phase additives (CMPAs) in the chiral separation showed similar abilities of enantioseparation. However, to obtain the optimum enantioseparation, a lower concentration of norvancomycin than that of vancomycin is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhansheng Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Hengshui University, Hengshui 053000, PR China.
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47
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Fantacuzzi M, Bettoni G, D'Orazio G, Fanali S. Enantiomeric separation of some demethylated analogues of clofibric acid by capillary zone electrophoresis and nano-liquid chromatography. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:1227-36. [PMID: 16523460 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomeric separation of some demethylated analogues of clofibric acid, namely 2-(6-chloro-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-, 2-(6-methoxy-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-, 2-(quinolin-2-yloxy)-, 2-(6-chloro-quinolin-2-yloxy)-, 2-(7-chloro-quinolin-4-yloxy)-propionic acid (compounds A-E, respectively), has been studied by CZE and nano-LC using for the first technique two beta-CD derivatives and vancomycin added to the BGE and vancomycin-modified silica particles for the second one, with the aim to find the optimum experimental conditions for the baseline resolution. The type and the concentration of the chiral selector added to the BGE, the buffer pH, the type of organic modifier and its concentration, the capillary temperature and the applied voltage played a very important role in the enantioresolution of the analysed compounds. The use of 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-beta-CD allowed to achieve baseline resolution of four of five clofibric acid derivatives in less than 10 min while heptakis-(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-CD partially resolved the same compounds in their enantiomers. Employing vancomycin as the chiral selector in CZE, the counter-current partial filling method was chosen achieving baseline resolution of four analytes. All the studied compounds were enantioresolved employing a capillary column packed with vancomycin stationary phase by nano-LC, and the resolution was strongly influenced by the concentration of the organic modifier and by the pH of the mobile phase. The best results were achieved at pH 4.5 in presence of 60% of methanol (MeOH). However, longer analysis times were observed in the experiments carried out by nano-LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuigia Fantacuzzi
- Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
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