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Ibrahim AE, El Gohary NA, Aboushady D, Samir L, Karim SEA, Herz M, Salman BI, Al-Harrasi A, Hanafi R, El Deeb S. Recent advances in chiral selectors immobilization and chiral mobile phase additives in liquid chromatographic enantio-separations: A review. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464214. [PMID: 37506464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
For decades now, the separation of chiral enantiomers of drugs has been gaining the interest and attention of researchers. In 1991, the first guidelines for development of chiral drugs were firstly released by the US-FDA. Since then, the development in chromatographic enantioseparation tools has been fast and variable, aiming at creating a suitable environment where the physically and chemically identical enantiomers can be separated. Among those tools, the immobilization of chiral selectors (CS) on different stationary phases and the chiral mobile phase additives (CMPA) which have been progressed and studied extensively. This review article highlights the major advances in immobilization of CS together with their different recognition mechanisms as well as CMPA as a cheaper and successful alternative for chiral stationary phases. Moreover, the role of molecular modeling tool as a pre-step in the choice of CS for evaluating possible interactions with different ligands has been pointed up. Illustrations of reported methods and updates for immobilized CS and CMPA have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Ehab Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port-Said University, Port-Said 42511, Egypt; Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nesrine Abdelrehim El Gohary
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Dina Aboushady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Liza Samir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Shereen Ekram Abdel Karim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Magy Herz
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Baher I Salman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rasha Hanafi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38092, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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de Koster N, Clark CP, Kohler I. Past, present, and future developments in enantioselective analysis using capillary electromigration techniques. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:38-57. [PMID: 32914880 PMCID: PMC7821218 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enantioseparation of chiral products has become increasingly important in a large diversity of academic and industrial applications. The separation of chiral compounds is inherently challenging and thus requires a suitable analytical technique that can achieve high resolution and sensitivity. In this context, CE has shown remarkable results so far. Chiral CE offers an orthogonal enantioselectivity and is typically considered less costly than chromatographic techniques, since only minute amounts of chiral selectors are needed. Several CE approaches have been developed for chiral analysis, including chiral EKC and chiral CEC. Enantioseparations by EKC benefit from the wide variety of possible pseudostationary phases that can be employed. Chiral CEC, on the other hand, combines chromatographic separation principles with the bulk fluid movement of CE, benefitting from reduced band broadening as compared to pressure-driven systems. Although UV detection is conventionally used for these approaches, MS can also be considered. CE-MS represents a promising alternative due to the increased sensitivity and selectivity, enabling the chiral analysis of complex samples. The potential contamination of the MS ion source in EKC-MS can be overcome using partial-filling and counter-migration techniques. However, chiral analysis using monolithic and open-tubular CEC-MS awaits additional method validation and a dedicated commercial interface. Further efforts in chiral CE are expected toward the improvement of existing techniques, the development of novel pseudostationary phases, and establishing the use of chiral ionic liquids, molecular imprinted polymers, and metal-organic frameworks. These developments will certainly foster the adoption of CE(-MS) as a well-established technique in routine chiral analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky de Koster
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Systems Biomedicine and PharmacologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Charles P. Clark
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Systems Biomedicine and PharmacologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Kohler
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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3
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Chiral Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1626:461383. [PMID: 32797856 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential of Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography to achieve enantiomeric separations is reviewed in this article. The separation principles and the most frequently employed separation strategies to achieve chiral separations by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography are described. The use of chiral micellar systems alone or combined with other micellar systems or chiral selectors, as well as of mixtures of achiral micellar systems with chiral selectors is discussed together with the effect of different additives present in the separation medium. Indirect methods based on the derivatization of analytes with chiral derivatizing reagents and the use of achiral micelles are also considered. Preconcentration techniques employed to improve sensitivity and the main approaches developed to facilitate the coupling with Mass Spectrometry are included. The most recent and relevant methodologies developed by chiral Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography and their applications in different fields are presented.
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Determination of selected synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites by micellar electrokinetic chromatography – mass spectrometry employing perfluoroheptanoic acid-based micellar phase. Talanta 2016; 150:568-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Liu Y, Wu B, Wang P, Shamsi SA. Synthesis, characterization, and application of polysodium N-alkylenyl α-d-glucopyranoside surfactants for micellar electrokinetic chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:913-23. [PMID: 26763089 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sugar-based ionic surfactants forming micelles are known to suppress ESI of various compounds due to decrease in surface tension upon micelle formation . For the first time, poly (sodium N-undecylenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside 4,6-hydrogen phosphate, (poly-α-d-SUGP) based surfactants with different chain lengths and head groups have been successfully synthesized, characterized, and applied as compatible chiral selector for MEKC-ESI-MS/MS. First, the effect of polymerization concentration of the monomer, α-d-SUGP, was evaluated by enantioseparation of one anionic compound (1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'diyl-hydrogen phosphate) and one zwitterionic compound (dansylated phenylalanine) in MEKC-UV to find the optimum molar surfactant concentration for polymerization. Next, MEKC-UV and MEKC-MS were compared for the enantioseparation of 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'diyl-hydrogen phosphate. The influence of polymeric glucopyranoside based surfactant head groups and carbon chain lengths on chiral Rs was evaluated for two classes of cationic drugs (ephedrine alkaloids and β-blockers). Finally, enantioselective MEKC-MS of ephedrine alkaloids and β-blockers were profiled at their optimum pH 5.0 and 7.0, respectively, using 20 mM NH4 OAc, 25 mM poly-α-d-SUGP at 30 kV and 25°C under optimum spray chamber conditions. The LOD for most of the enantiomers ranges from 10 to 100 ng/mL with S/N of at least ≥3.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, US
| | - Baolin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, US
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, US
| | - Shahab A Shamsi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, US
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6
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Liu Y, Jann M, Vandenberg C, Eap CB, Shamsi SA. Development of an enantioselective assay for simultaneous separation of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine by micellar electrokinetic chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Application to the analysis of drug-drug interaction. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1420:119-28. [PMID: 26460073 PMCID: PMC5025041 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To-date, there has been no effective chiral capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) method reported for the simultaneous enantioseparation of the antidepressant drug, venlafaxine (VX) and its structurally-similar major metabolite, O-desmethylvenlafaxine (O-DVX). This is mainly due to the difficulty of identifying MS compatible chiral selector, which could provide both high enantioselectivity and sensitive MS detection. In this work, poly-sodium N-undecenoyl-L,L-leucylalaninate (poly-L,L-SULA) was employed as a chiral selector after screening several dipeptide polymeric chiral surfactants. Baseline separation of both O-DVX and VX enantiomers was achieved in 15 min after optimizing the buffer pH, poly-L,L-SULA concentration, nebulizer pressure and separation voltage. Calibration curves in spiked plasma (recoveries higher than 80%) were linear over the concentration range 150-5000 ng/mL for both VX and O-DVX. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be as low as 30 ng/mL and 21 ng/mL for O-DVX and VX, respectively. This method was successfully applied to measure the plasma concentrations of human volunteers receiving VX or O-DVX orally when co-administered without and with indinivar therapy. The results suggest that micellar electrokinetic chromatography electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (MEKC-ESI-MS/MS) is an effective low cost alternative technique for the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics studies of both O-DVX and VX enantiomers. The technique has potential to identify drug-drug interaction involving VX and O-DVX enantiomers while administering indinivar therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Liu
- Center of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Michael Jann
- Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Chad Vandenberg
- Midwestern University, Institute for Healthcare Innovation, Glendale, AZ 85308, United States
| | - Chin B Eap
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University, Hospital of Cery, Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shahab A Shamsi
- Center of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States.
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7
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Chiral selectors in CE: Recent developments and applications (2012-mid 2014). Electrophoresis 2014; 36:101-23. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Bourdon F, Lecoeur M, Duhaut M, Odou P, Vaccher C, Foulon C. A validated micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for the quantitation of dexamethasone, ondansetron and aprepitant, antiemetic drugs, in organogel. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 86:40-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Tsioupi DA, Stefan-Vanstaden RI, Kapnissi-Christodoulou CP. Chiral selectors in CE: recent developments and applications. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:178-204. [PMID: 23161372 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review article provides an overview of the recent advances in enantioanalysis by use of electrophoretic techniques. Due to the big number of publications in the subject mentioned above, this article is focused on chiral method developments and applications published from 2008 until 2011, and it demonstrates chiral selectors used in CE. Numerous chiral selectors have been used over the years, and these include the cyclic and the linear oligo- and polysaccharides, the branched polysaccharides, the polymeric and monomeric surfactants, the macrocyclic and other antibiotics, and the crown ethers. Different dual-selector systems are also presented in this article, and the results are compared with those obtained by use of a single chiral selector. Finally, several pharmaceutical and biomedical applications based on chiral recognition are summarized.
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Orlandini S, Gotti R, Furlanetto S. Multivariate optimization of capillary electrophoresis methods: a critical review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 87:290-307. [PMID: 23669025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this article a review on the recent applications of multivariate techniques for optimization of electromigration methods, is presented. Papers published in the period from August 2007 to February 2013, have been taken into consideration. Upon a brief description of each of the involved CE operative modes, the characteristics of the chemometric strategies (type of design, factors and responses) applied to face a number of analytical challenges, are presented. Finally, a critical discussion, giving some practical advices and pointing out the most common issues involved in multivariate set-up of CE methods, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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11
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He J, Shamsi SA. Application of polymeric surfactants in chiral micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CMEKC) and CMEKC coupled to mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 970:319-348. [PMID: 23283788 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-263-6_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of amino acid-based polymeric surfactants (a.k.a. molecular micelles) in chiral micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CMEKC) has been shown to be a successful separation mode for capillary electrophoresis (CE). In this mode, chiral compounds can be enantioseparated with high efficiency, high chiral selectivity, and versatility. This chapter describes the state-of-the art studies published in the past 5 years in CMEKC using polymeric surfactants. Recent trends in the compatibility of chiral polymeric surfactants with mass spectrometric (MS) detection suggest that this type of chiral selector may be the most promising ones for chiral CE-MS applications. The synthesis of new anionic and cationic MS-compatible polymeric surfactants and their utility in CMEKC and CMEKC-MS are demonstrated. Examples of how to run a typical CMEKC-MS experiment using univariate and multivariate optimization of CMEKC and MS parameters are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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12
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Experimental design in chromatography: A tutorial review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 910:2-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Tsioupi DA, Nicolaou IN, Moore L, Kapnissi-Christodoulou CP. Chiral separation of Huperzine A using CE - Method validation and application in pharmaceutical formulations. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:516-22. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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He J, Shamsi SA. Chiral micellar electrokinetic chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization of benzoin derivatives using mixed molecular micelles. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1164-75. [PMID: 21500208 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Revised: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the present work we report, for the first time, the successful on-line coupling of chiral MEKC (CMEKC) to atmospheric pressure photoionization MS (APPI-MS). Four structurally similar neutral test solutes (e.g. benzoin (BNZ) derivatives) were successfully ionized by APPI-MS. The mass spectra in the positive ion mode showed that the protonated molecular ions of BNZs are not the most abundant fragment ions. Simultaneous enantioseparation by CMEKC and on-line APPI-MS detection of four photoinitiators, hydrobenzoin, BNZ, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, were achieved using an optimized molar ratio of mixed molecular micelle of two polymeric chiral surfactants (polysodium N-undecenoxy carbonyl-L-leucinate and polysodium N-undecenoyl-L,L-leucylvalinate). The CMEKC conditions, such as voltage, chiral polymeric surfactant concentration, buffer pH, and BGE concentration, were optimized using a multivariate central composite design (CCD). The sheath liquid composition (involving %v/v methanol, dopant concentration, electrolyte additive concentration, and flow rate) and spray chamber parameters (drying gas flow rate, drying gas temperature, and vaporizer temperature) were also optimized with CCD. Models built based on the CCD results and response surface method were used to analyze the interactions between factors and their effects on the responses. The final overall optimum conditions for CMEKC-APPI-MS were also predicted and found in agreement with the experimentally optimized parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Lu H, Chen G. Recent advances of enantioseparations in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2011; 3:488-508. [PMID: 32938063 DOI: 10.1039/c0ay00489h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive survey of recent developments and applications of capillary electromigration techniques for enantioseparations from January 2006 to June 2010 is presented. The techniques include capillary electrophoresis, chip capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography. The separation principles and the chiral recognition mechanisms are discussed. Additionally, on-line preconcentrations in chiral capillary electrophoresis are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Guonan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
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16
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Silva M. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography: A practical overview of current methodological and instrumental advances. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:149-65. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
This review article addresses the developments and applications of capillary electromigration methods coupled on-line with MS for chiral analysis. The multiple enantiomeric applications of this hyphenated technology are covered including chiral analysis of drugs, food compounds, pesticides, natural metabolites, etc. in different matrices such as plasma, urine, medicines, foods, etc. This work intends to provide an updated overview (including works published till September 2009) on the principal chiral applications carried out by CZE-MS, CEC-MS and MEKC-MS, discussing their main advantages and drawbacks in all their different areas of application as well as their foreseeable development in the not too distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Simó
- Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Industrial Fermentations (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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18
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Somsen GW, Mol R, de Jong GJ. On-line coupling of electrokinetic chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3978-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Ward
- Millsaps College, 1701 N. State Street, Box 150306, Jackson, Mississippi 39210
| | - Karen D. Ward
- Millsaps College, 1701 N. State Street, Box 150306, Jackson, Mississippi 39210
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20
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Gu C, He J, Jia J, Fang N, Simmons R, Shamsi SA. Surfactant-bound monolithic columns for separation of proteins in capillary high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:530-9. [PMID: 20031139 PMCID: PMC3098612 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A surfactant-bound monolithic stationary phase based on the co-polymerization of 11-acrylamino-undecanoic acid (AAUA) is designed for capillary high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Using D-optimal design, the effect of the polymerization mixture (concentrations of monomer, crosslinker and porogens) on the chromatographic performance (resolution and analysis time) of the AAUA-EDMA monolithic column was evaluated. The polymerization mixture was optimized using three proteins as model test solutes. The D-optimal design indicates a strong dependence of chromatographic parameters on the concentration of porogens (1,4-butanediol and water) in the polymerization mixture. Optimized solutions for fast separation and high resolution separation, respectively, were obtained using the proposed multivariate optimization. Differences less than 6.8% between the predicted and the experimental values in terms of resolution and retention time indeed confirmed that the proposed approach is practical. Using the optimized column, fast separation of proteins could be obtained in 2.5 min, and a tryptic digest of myoglobin was successfully separated on the high resolution column. The physical properties (i.e., morphology, porosity and permeability) of the optimized monolithic column were thoroughly investigated. It appears that this surfactant-bound monolith may have a great potential as a new generation of capillary HPLC stationary phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congying Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jun He
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jinping Jia
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Nenghu Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Robert Simmons
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Shahab A. Shamsi
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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21
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Sánchez-Hernández L, GarcÃa-Ruiz C, Luisa Marina M, Luis Crego A. Recent approaches for enhancing sensitivity in enantioseparations by CE. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:28-43. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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He J, Shamsi SA. Multivariate approach for the enantioselective analysis in MEKC-MS: II. Optimization of 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diamine in positive ion mode. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:1916-26. [PMID: 19479771 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomeric separation and detection of 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diamine (BNA) has been successfully optimized by MEKC-ESI-MS using a polymeric surfactant polysodium N-undecenoxycarbonyl-L-leucinate (poly-L-SUCL) as a pseudostationary phase. In the first step, MEKC conditions were optimized by a five-factor three-level central composite design (CCD) of experiment. All five MEKC factors (buffer pH, percentage of ACN in the running buffer, concentration of surfactant, concentration of ammonium acetate (NH4OAc), and voltage) were found significant to the responses (measured as the chiral resolution and analysis time). The interactions between MEKC factors were further evaluated using a quadratic model equation which allowed the generation of 3-D response surface image to reach the optimum conditions. To obtain the best S/N, sheath liquid composition and spray chamber parameters were successfully optimized using the same strategy. Baseline enantiomeric resolution in less than 20 min and optimum MS signal of BNA enantiomers (S/N = 45 at 0.4 mg/mL) were ultimately achieved at the optimized conditions. The adequacy of the model was validated by experimental runs at the optimal predicted conditions. The predicted results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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