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Li Y, Liu S, Zhang Q, Gong W, Yin H, Yang B, Qin L, Zhao Q, Zhu Y. Sustainable hydrophilic ultrasmall carbonaceous spheres modified by click reaction for high-performance polymeric ion chromatographic stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1663:462762. [PMID: 34974367 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Novel poly(ethylvinylbenzene-divinylbenzene) (EVB-DVB) agglomerated with ultrasmall carbonaceous spheres (UCSs) anion-exchange packings for ion chromatography (IC) were constructed. Hydrophilic UCSs with mean sizes of 62-98 nm were synthesized in quantity by the polydiallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride aided hydrothermal carbonization of fructose. The green strategy based on the thiol-ene click reaction with cysteamine in aqueous system was first designed for the hyperbranched polyquaternary amine (HPA) grafting of UCSs with negligible damage on their monodispersity. The HPA modified UCSs were evenly distributed on sulfonated EVB-DVB substrate to form one uniform layer of functional nanospheres without observable coagulum. Seven typical anions (F-, Cl-, NO2-, Br-, NO3-, SO42- and PO43-) were baseline separated on constructed packing in 5 min with high efficiencies in the range of 44,800-71,100 plates m - 1. The rapid separation of polarizable anions, small organic acids and saccharides could be also accomplished under isocratic elution with competitive peak symmetry and efficiency. Good reproducibility was demonstrated by consecutive injection. Thiosulfate in water reducer was further detected on prepared packing in 4 min with detection limit of 0.04 mg L - 1 (S/N = 3) and good repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Street, Hangzhou 311402, China
| | - Sha Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Street, Hangzhou 311402, China
| | - Qiaoyan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Street, Hangzhou 311402, China
| | - Wan Gong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Street, Hangzhou 311402, China
| | - Hua Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Street, Hangzhou 311402, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Street, Hangzhou 311402, China
| | - Luping Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Street, Hangzhou 311402, China.
| | - Qiming Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 260 Baichuan Street, Hangzhou 311402, China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Xixi Campus, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310028, China
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Chen D, Shi F, Zhou Y, Xu W, Shen H, Zhu Y. Hyperbranched anion exchangers prepared from polyethylene polyamine modified polymeric substrates for ion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1655:462508. [PMID: 34492579 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High hydrophilic anion stationary phases play a crucial role in the separation behavior of ion chromatography. Herein, we report novel polymeric anion exchangers grafted with polyethylene polyamines, including ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine and tetraethylene pentaamine, via a facile epoxy-amine polymerization method. The anion exchangers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and elemental analysis. The chromatographic performance of the stationary phases was evaluated with the separation of common inorganic anions, organic weak acids and highly polarizable anions. Seven common anions (F-, Cl-, NO2-, Br-, NO3-, SO42- and HPO42-) can be separated within 18 min by using hydroxide eluent in isocratic mode. By adopting different polyethylene polyamines as hyperbranched units, the four types of new stationary phases displayed high efficiencies and good reproducibility. The columns exhibit large exchange capacities at 76.5-184.8 μmol•column-1 (4.6 × 150 mm, i.d.) with efficiency up to 20293 plate m-1 (Cl-). The RSDs of the retention time were less than 0.27% and the RSDs of the efficiency were less than 1.95% by consecutive injections after working for two months. The self-fabricated column was successfully applied to determine the chloride content in exhaled breath condensate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingning Chen
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Fang Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Xixi Campus, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Yangye Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Xixi Campus, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Zhejiang University Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haoyu Shen
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China; Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China..
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Xixi Campus, Hangzhou 310028, China.
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Zhao Q, Miao X, Yu J, Zhu Y. Covalent hyperbranched porous carbon nanospheres as a polymeric stationary phase for ion chromatography. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:139. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Hyperbranched anion exchangers prepared from thiol-ene modified polymeric substrates for suppressed ion chromatography. Talanta 2018; 184:491-498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Zatirakha AV, Uzhel AS, Smolenkov AD, Shpigun OA. Methods for Preparing High Performance Stationary Phases for Anion-Exchange Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3103/s002713141801008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Beeram SR, Rodriguez E, Doddavenkatanna S, Li Z, Pekarek A, Peev D, Goerl K, Trovato G, Hofmann T, Hage DS. Nanomaterials as stationary phases and supports in liquid chromatography. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2498-2512. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhao Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA
| | - Allegra Pekarek
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA
| | - Darin Peev
- Department of Electrical Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA
| | - Kathryn Goerl
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA
| | - Gianfranco Trovato
- Department of Electrical Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA
| | - Tino Hofmann
- Department of Electrical Engineering University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA
| | - David S. Hage
- Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA
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Uzhel AS, Zatirakha AV, Smirnov KN, Smolenkov AD, Shpigun OA. Anion exchangers with negatively charged functionalities in hyperbranched ion-exchange layers for ion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1482:57-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhao Q, Wu S, Zhang P, Zhu Y. Hydrothermal carbonaceous sphere based stationary phase for anion exchange chromatography. Talanta 2017; 163:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zatirakha A, Smolenkov A, Shpigun O. Preparation and chromatographic performance of polymer-based anion exchangers for ion chromatography: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 904:33-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wang MH, Huang ZP, Liu JW, He J, Zhang JJ, Zhu Y. Iodide analysis by ion chromatography on a new stationary phase of polystyrene-divinylbenzene agglomerated with polymerized-epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Nesterenko EP, Nesterenko PN, Connolly D, He X, Floris P, Duffy E, Paull B. Nano-particle modified stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography. Analyst 2013; 138:4229-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00508a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Wahab MF, Pohl CA, Lucy CA. Ion chromatography on carbon clad zirconia modified by diazonium chemistry and functionalized latex particles. Analyst 2011; 136:3113-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15284j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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