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Critical comparison of background correction algorithms used in chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1201:339605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bos TS, Knol WC, Molenaar SR, Niezen LE, Schoenmakers PJ, Somsen GW, Pirok BW. Recent applications of chemometrics in one- and two-dimensional chromatography. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1678-1727. [PMID: 32096604 PMCID: PMC7317490 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of increasingly more sophisticated analytical separation systems, often incorporating increasingly more powerful detection techniques, such as high-resolution mass spectrometry, causes an urgent need for highly efficient data-analysis and optimization strategies. This is especially true for comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography applied to the separation of very complex samples. In this contribution, the requirement for chemometric tools is explained and the latest developments in approaches for (pre-)processing and analyzing data arising from one- and two-dimensional chromatography systems are reviewed. The final part of this review focuses on the application of chemometrics for method development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijmen S. Bos
- Division of Bioanalytical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and SystemsVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wouter C. Knol
- Analytical Chemistry Groupvan ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Stef R.A. Molenaar
- Analytical Chemistry Groupvan ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Leon E. Niezen
- Analytical Chemistry Groupvan ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Schoenmakers
- Analytical Chemistry Groupvan ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Govert W. Somsen
- Division of Bioanalytical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and SystemsVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bob W.J. Pirok
- Analytical Chemistry Groupvan ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
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An automated system for predicting detection limit and precision profile from a chromatogram. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1612:460644. [PMID: 31676091 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a basic model of an automated system for predicting the detection limit and precision profile (plot of relative standard deviation (RSD) of measurements against concentration) in chromatography. The fundamental assumption is that the major source of response errors at low sample concentrations is background noise and at high concentrations, it is the volumes injected into an HPLC system by a sample injector. The noise is approximated by the mixed random processes of the first order autoregressive process AR(1) and white noise. The research procedures are: (1) the description of the standard deviation (SD) of measurements in terms of the parameters of the mixed random processes; (2) the algorithm for the parameter estimation of the mixed processes from actual background noise; (3) the mathematical distinction between noise and signal in a chromatogram. When compounds are chromatographically separated, each obtained signal is given the detection limit and precision profile on laboratory-made software. A file of a chromatogram is the only requirement for the theoretical prediction of measurement uncertainty and therefore the repeated measurements of real samples can be dispensed with. The theoretically predicted RSDs are verified by comparing them with the statistical RSDs obtained by repeated measurements. Signal shapes on noise are illustrated at the detection limit and quantitation limit, the signal-to-noise ratios of which are close to the widely adopted values, 3 and 10, respectively.
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Lelevic A, Souchon V, Moreaud M, Lorentz C, Geantet C. Gas chromatography vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy: A review. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:150-173. [PMID: 31750981 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated technological progress and increased complexity of interrogated matrices imposes a demand for fast, powerful, and resolutive analysis techniques. Gas chromatography has been for a long time a 'go-to' technique for the analysis of mixtures of volatile and semi-volatile compounds. Coupling of the several dimensions of gas chromatography separation has allowed to access a realm of improved separations in the terms of increased separation power and detection sensitivity. Especially comprehensive separations offer an insight into detailed sample composition for complex samples. Combining these advanced separation techniques with an informative detection system such as vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy is therefore of great interest. Almost all molecules absorb the vacuum ultraviolet radiation and have distinct spectral features with compound classes exhibiting spectral signature similarities. Spectral information can be 'filtered' to extract the response in the most informative spectral ranges. Developed algorithms allow spectral mixture estimation of coeluting species. Vacuum ultraviolet detector follows Beer-Lambert law, with the possibility of calibrationless quantitation. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the features and specificities of gas chromatography-vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy coupling which has gained interest since the recent introduction of a commercial vacuum ultraviolet detector. Potentials and limitations, relevant theoretical considerations, recent advances and applications are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Lelevic
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize BP 3, 69360, Solaize, France.,IRCELYON, UMR5256 CNRS-UCB Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Souchon
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize BP 3, 69360, Solaize, France
| | - Maxime Moreaud
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize BP 3, 69360, Solaize, France.,MINESParisTech, PSL-ResearchUniversity, CMM, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Chantal Lorentz
- IRCELYON, UMR5256 CNRS-UCB Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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A Data-Challenge Case Study of Analyte Detection and Identification with Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry (GC×GC-MS). SEPARATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/separations6030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This case study describes data analysis of a chromatogram distributed for the 2019 GC×GC Data Challenge for the Tenth Multidimensional Chromatography Workshop (Liege, Belgium). The chromatogram resulted from chemical analysis of a terpene-standards sample by comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS). First, several aspects of the data quality are assessed, including detector saturation and oscillation, and operations to prepare the data for analyte detection and identification are described, including phase roll for modulation-cycle alignment and baseline correction to account for the non-zero detector baseline. Then, the case study presents operations for analyte detection with filtering, a new method to flag false detections, interactive review to confirm detected peaks, and ion-peaks detection to reveal peaks that are obscured by noise or coelution. Finally, the case study describes analyte identification including mass-spectral library search with a new method for optimizing spectra extraction, retention-index calibration from preliminary identifications, and expression-based identification checks. Processing of the first 40 min of data detected 144 analytes, 21 of which have at least one percent response, plus an additional 20 trace and/or coeluted analytes.
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6
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Nicolotti L, Mall V, Schieberle P. Characterization of Key Aroma Compounds in a Commercial Rum and an Australian Red Wine by Means of a New Sensomics-Based Expert System (SEBES)-An Approach To Use Artificial Intelligence in Determining Food Odor Codes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4011-4022. [PMID: 30879302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although to date more than 10 000 volatile compounds have been characterized in foods, a literature survey has previously shown that only 226 aroma compounds, assigned as key food odorants (KFOs), have been identified to actively contribute to the overall aromas of about 200 foods, such as beverages, meat products, cheeses, or baked goods. Currently, a multistep analytical procedure involving the human olfactory system, assigned as Sensomics, represents a reference approach to identify and quantitate key odorants, as well as to define their sensory impact in the overall food aroma profile by so-called aroma recombinates. Despite its proven effectiveness, the Sensomics approach is time-consuming because repeated sensory analyses, for example, by GC/olfactometry, are essential to assess the odor quality and potency of each single constituent in a given food distillate. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop a fast, but Sensomics-based expert system (SEBES) that is able to reliably predict the key aroma compounds of a given food in a limited number of runs without using the human olfactory system. First, a successful method for the quantitation of nearly 100 (out of the 226 known KFOs) components was developed in combination with a software allowing the direct use of the identification and quantitation data for the calculation of odor activity values (OAV; ratio of concentration to odor threshold). Using a rum and a wine as examples, the quantitative results obtained by the new SEBES method were compared to data obtained by applying an aroma extract dilution analysis and stable isotope dilution assays required in the classical Sensomics approach. A good agreement of the results was found with differences below 20% for most of the compounds considered. By implementing the GC × GC data analysis software with the in-house odor threshold database, odor activity values (ratio of concentration to odor threshold) were directly displayed in the software pane. The OAVs calculated by the software were in very good agreement with data manually calculated on the basis of the data obtained by SIDA. Thus, it was successfully shown that it is possible to characterize key food odorants with one single analytical platform and without using the human olfactory system, that is, by "artificial intelligence smelling".
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Nicolotti
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich (formerly as Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie) , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Veronika Mall
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich (formerly as Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie) , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Peter Schieberle
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
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7
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A streak detection approach for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography based on image analysis. Neural Comput Appl 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-018-3917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Franitza L, Nicolotti L, Granvogl M, Schieberle P. Differentiation of Rums Produced from Sugar Cane Juice (Rhum Agricole) from Rums Manufactured from Sugar Cane Molasses by a Metabolomics Approach. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:3038-3045. [PMID: 29455529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A large set of volatiles (a metabolome) was isolated by SAFE distillation from 25 high priced rums prepared from sugar cane juice (SCJ) and 26 high priced rums manufactured from sugar cane molasses (SCM). The volatile fractions were first analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF-MS), and the "comprehensive template matching fingerprinting" was used to extract the entire features present in the respective set of volatile compounds. After raw data pretreatment, chemometrics was used to locate marker compounds. Following, a sparse-partial-least-squares discriminant analysis ( sPLS-DA) and a partial-least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied to a training data set for creating a model. The model was validated using leave-one-out cross validation and tested over an independent data set to evaluate its predictive power. The characteristic fingerprint resulted in a 100% correct classification of sugar cane juice rums, thus achieving the first aim of locating markers for these higher quality rums. Then, past-processing identification within the discriminant features was done to characterize 12 significant marker compounds as 1-decanol, γ-dodecalactone, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, ethyl nonanoate, 3-furancarboxaldehyde, 1-hexanol, β-ionone, 2- and 3-methylbutanol, methyl decanoate, 3-octanol, and 2-undecanone. Quantitation of eight selected markers by stable isotope dilution assays confirmed higher concentrations in SCJ compared to SCM and served as the final proof to differentiate both types of spirits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Franitza
- Department für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie , Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Luca Nicolotti
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie Lise-Meitner-Straße 34 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Michael Granvogl
- Department für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie , Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Peter Schieberle
- Department für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie , Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
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10
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Fu HY, Guo JW, Yu YJ, Li HD, Cui HP, Liu PP, Wang B, Wang S, Lu P. A simple multi-scale Gaussian smoothing-based strategy for automatic chromatographic peak extraction. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1452:1-9. [PMID: 27207578 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Peak detection is a critical step in chromatographic data analysis. In the present work, we developed a multi-scale Gaussian smoothing-based strategy for accurate peak extraction. The strategy consisted of three stages: background drift correction, peak detection, and peak filtration. Background drift correction was implemented using a moving window strategy. The new peak detection method is a variant of the system used by the well-known MassSpecWavelet, i.e., chromatographic peaks are found at local maximum values under various smoothing window scales. Therefore, peaks can be detected through the ridge lines of maximum values under these window scales, and signals that are monotonously increased/decreased around the peak position could be treated as part of the peak. Instrumental noise was estimated after peak elimination, and a peak filtration strategy was performed to remove peaks with signal-to-noise ratios smaller than 3. The performance of our method was evaluated using two complex datasets. These datasets include essential oil samples for quality control obtained from gas chromatography and tobacco plant samples for metabolic profiling analysis obtained from gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Results confirmed the reasonability of the developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jun-Wei Guo
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yong-Jie Yu
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Hui Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - He-Dong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hua-Peng Cui
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ping-Ping Liu
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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11
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Sampat A, Lopatka M, Sjerps M, Vivo-Truyols G, Schoenmakers P, van Asten A. Forensic potential of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Yu YJ, Fu HY, Zhang L, Wang XY, Sun PJ, Zhang XB, Xie FW. A chemometric-assisted method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for metabolic profiling analysis. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1399:65-73. [PMID: 25943833 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An automatic and efficient data analysis method for comprehensive metabolic profiling analysis is urgently required. In this study, a new chemometric-assisted method for metabolic profiling analysis (CAMMPA) was developed to discover potentially valuable metabolites automatically and efficiently. The proposed method mainly consists of three stages. First, automatic chromatographic peak detection is performed based on the total ion chromatograms of samples to extract chromatographic peaks that can be accurately quantified. Second, a novel peak-shift alignment technique based on peak detection results is implemented to resolve time-shift problems across samples. Consequently, aligned results, including aligned chromatograms, and peak area tables, among others, can be successfully obtained. Third, statistical analysis using results from unsupervised and supervised classification results, together with ANOVA and partial least square-discriminate analysis, is performed to extract potential metabolites. To demonstrate the proposed technique, a complex GC-MS metabolic profiling dataset was measured to identify potential metabolites in tobacco plants of different growth stages as well as different plant tissues after maturation. Results indicated that the efficiency of the routine metabolic profiling analysis procedure can be significantly improved and potential metabolites can be accurately identified with the aid of CAMMPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jie Yu
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Hai-Yan Fu
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co. Ltd., Guiyang 550009, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pei-Jian Sun
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fu-Wei Xie
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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13
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Samanipour S, Dimitriou-Christidis P, Gros J, Grange A, Samuel Arey J. Analyte quantification with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography: Assessment of methods for baseline correction, peak delineation, and matrix effect elimination for real samples. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1375:123-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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Yu YJ, Xia QL, Wang S, Wang B, Xie FW, Zhang XB, Ma YM, Wu HL. Chemometric strategy for automatic chromatographic peak detection and background drift correction in chromatographic data. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1359:262-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Interpretation of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography data using advanced chemometrics. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Reichenbach SE, Tian X, Boateng AA, Mullen CA, Cordero C, Tao Q. Reliable Peak Selection for Multisample Analysis with Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Chromatography. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4974-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303773v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xue Tian
- University of Nebraska − Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0115, United States
| | - Akwasi A. Boateng
- Sustainable Biofuels and Co-Products Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038-8598, United States
| | - Charles A. Mullen
- Sustainable Biofuels and Co-Products Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038-8598, United States
| | - Chiara Cordero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Qingping Tao
- GC Image, LLC, PO Box 57403, Lincoln, Nebraska 68505-7403, United States
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17
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Rapid automatic identification and quantification of compounds in complex matrices using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry with a peak sentinel tool. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 778:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Seeley JV, Seeley SK. Multidimensional Gas Chromatography: Fundamental Advances and New Applications. Anal Chem 2012; 85:557-78. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303195u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John V. Seeley
- Oakland University, Department of Chemistry, Rochester, Michigan, 48309
| | - Stacy K. Seeley
- Kettering University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1700 University Avenue,
Flint, Michigan, 48504
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19
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Trends in data processing of comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography: State of the art. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 910:31-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Effect of background correction on peak detection and quantification in online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography using diode array detection. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1254:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Nizio KD, McGinitie TM, Harynuk JJ. Comprehensive multidimensional separations for the analysis of petroleum. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1255:12-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Kiefl J, Cordero C, Nicolotti L, Schieberle P, Reichenbach SE, Bicchi C. Performance evaluation of non-targeted peak-based cross-sample analysis for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data and application to processed hazelnut profiling. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1243:81-90. [PMID: 22572161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The continuous interest in non-targeted profiling induced the development of tools for automated cross-sample analysis. Such tools were found to be selective or not comprehensive thus delivering a biased view on the qualitative/quantitative peak distribution across 2D sample chromatograms. Therefore, the performance of non-targeted approaches needs to be critically evaluated. This study focused on the development of a validation procedure for non-targeted, peak-based, GC×GC-MS data profiling. The procedure introduced performance parameters such as specificity, precision, accuracy, and uncertainty for a profiling method known as Comprehensive Template Matching. The performance was assessed by applying a three-week validation protocol based on CITAC/EURACHEM guidelines. Optimized ¹D and ²D retention times search windows, MS match factor threshold, detection threshold, and template threshold were evolved from two training sets by a semi-automated learning process. The effectiveness of proposed settings to consistently match 2D peak patterns was established by evaluating the rate of mismatched peaks and was expressed in terms of results accuracy. The study utilized 23 different 2D peak patterns providing the chemical fingerprints of raw and roasted hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) from different geographical origins, of diverse varieties and different roasting degrees. The validation results show that non-targeted peak-based profiling can be reliable with error rates lower than 10% independent of the degree of analytical variance. The optimized Comprehensive Template Matching procedure was employed to study hazelnut roasting profiles and in particular to find marker compounds strongly dependent on the thermal treatment, and to establish the correlation of potential marker compounds to geographical origin and variety/cultivar and finally to reveal the characteristic release of aroma active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kiefl
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Duarte RM, Matos JT, Duarte AC. A new chromatographic response function for assessing the separation quality in comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1225:121-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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