Ultrafast haplotyping of putative microRNA-binding sites in the WFS1 gene by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and capillary gel electrophoresis

A rapid quarantine approach for the pathogenic and invasive Phytophthora species associated with imported fruits in China

BACKGROUND

Phytophthora spp. represent a pivotal genus of plant pathogens with a global distribution, exerting significant deleterious effects on food safety and forestry ecosystems. Numerous pathogenic and invasive Phytophthora species, introduced through imported fruits, have been frequently detected at Chinese ports. With the rise in global trade activities, the plant quarantine of imported fruits is becoming increasingly important but challenging. Fast, simple, and labor-saving techniques are necessary and anticipated.

RESUITS

A polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism capillary electrophoresis (PCR-RFLP-CE) technology-based quarantine approach was developed for 16 Phytophthora species associated with the imported fruits in China. The Ypt1 gene, exhibiting abundant interspecific variations, was selected as the marker gene for PCR. The restriction endonuclease AluI was proven to be capable and compatible in simultaneously separating different Phytophthora species during CE. By combining with a fast and efficient DNA extraction kit, the developed PCR-RFLP-CE technique was successfully applied to identify Phytophthora species in artificially infested fruits.

CONCLUSION

We provide a quick, practical, and high-throughput detection approach for hazardous and invasive Phytophthora species associated with imported fruits in China. This strategy can give good convenience and technological support for carrying out massive quarantine activities at Chinese ports. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

A Nucleic Acid Quality Control Strategy for Frozen Tissues from a Biobank of High-Risk Pregnancy

BACKGROUND

The preservation of placental and fetal tissues will contribute to studying the pathogenesis of high-risk pregnancy diseases. However, few studies have focused on the effects of different preservation methods and cold ischemia time (CIT) on the quality of nucleic acids. An available quality control (QC) strategy will be beneficial to evaluate these effects for high-risk pregnancy biobanks.

METHODS

We established an evaluation strategy of nucleic acid QC by analyzing total RNA and genomic DNA (gDNA). Through this strategy, the effects of CIT, cryoprotectants (CPAs), and freeze/thaw cycles on the yield and integrity of placental RNA were analyzed. In addition, the effects of CIT on the yield and integrity of fetal DNA were determined.

RESULTS

For placental samples, there was no significant difference in RNA integrity (CIT <2 hours). After several freeze/thaw cycles, the RNA quality number values of placental samples in the CPA-free group and in the RNasin (TRIzol) group were decreased. For fetal samples, the DNA integrity of different organs (CIT <24 hours) was completely satisfactory, but it declined with the extension of CIT. Furthermore, different organs had different tolerances to cold ischemia, and the rank was as follows: skin, heart, liver, and placenta. In addition, the content of medium-length (600 bp) and long (1310 bp) fragments of gDNA were mainly reduced with the extension of CIT.

CONCLUSION

The RNA integrity of placental tissue was affected by CIT significantly. It is recommended that placenta should be cryopreserved within 2 hours (4°C) from isolation. To ensure DNA quality of fetal tissues, the samples are suggested to be frozen within 24 hours (4°C) from isolation. On the contrary, if samples have a long CIT, skin is superior to other organs in the aspect of biobanking donor's genetic information.

Capillary electrophoresis methods for microRNAs assays: a review

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that conduct important roles in many cellular processes such as development, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In particular, circulating miRNAs have been proposed as biomarkers for cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other illnesses. Therefore, determination of miRNA expression levels in various biofluids is important for the investigation of biological processes in health and disease and for discovering their potential as new biomarkers and drug targets. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is emerging as a useful analytical tool for analyzing miRNA because of its simple sample preparation steps and efficient resolution of a diverse size range of compounds. In particular, CE with laser-induced fluorescence detection is a promising and relatively rapidly developing tool with the potential to provide high sensitivity and specificity in the analysis of miRNAs. This paper covers a short overview of the recent developments and applications of CE systems in miRNA studies in biological and biomedical areas.

Light-emitting diodes for analytical chemistry

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are playing increasingly important roles in analytical chemistry, from the final analysis stage to photoreactors for analyte conversion to actual fabrication of and incorporation in microdevices for analytical use. The extremely fast turn-on/off rates of LEDs have made possible simple approaches to fluorescence lifetime measurement. Although they are increasingly being used as detectors, their wavelength selectivity as detectors has rarely been exploited. From their first proposed use for absorbance measurement in 1970, LEDs have been used in analytical chemistry in too many ways to make a comprehensive review possible. Hence, we critically review here the more recent literature on their use in optical detection and measurement systems. Cloudy as our crystal ball may be, we express our views on the future applications of LEDs in analytical chemistry: The horizon will certainly become wider as LEDs in the deep UV with sufficient intensity become available.