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Kumar G, Mullick P, Nandakumar K, Mutalik S, Chamallamudi MR. Box-Behnken Design-Aided Validation and Optimization of a Stability-Indicating Reverse Phase-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Tamoxifen Citrate in Lipidic Nano-Vesicles. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:827-837. [PMID: 37554069 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Stability indicating a reverse-phase HPLC analytical method for the quantification of tamoxifen citrate (TMX) in the bulk and lipidic nano-vesicles (LNVs) was developed. The optimized method was validated according to the ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines by following a three-factor interaction Box-Behnken design using Design-Expert® software. The responses measured at 236 nm were retention time (Rt), peak area, tailing factor (TF) and the number of theoretical plates. TMX was eluted best using the Luna® C18 LC Column along with a mobile phase of methanol (MeOH) and ammonium acetate buffer (AAB pH 4.5) 80:20 v/v mixture at 25 ± 2°C temperature. The currently developed method was linear in 100-5,000 ng/mL range with a detection limit of 4.55 ng/mL and a quantification limit of 13.78 ng/mL. The optimized method was utilized to evaluate the stability of TMX in different stress conditions by performing forced degradation studies. The results from the degradation study stipulated that on exposure to various stressors namely acid, alkali, oxidative, thermal and UV light, the TMX did not show considerable degradation except for UV light exposure. Further, the method was successfully used for the quantification of TMX in LNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
- School of Pharmacy, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Prashansha Mullick
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Krishnadas Nandakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Chamallamudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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2
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Hussein OG, Ahmed DA, Rezk MR, Abdelkawy M, Rostom Y. Exquisite integration of quality-by-design and green analytical approaches for simultaneous determination of xylometazoline and antazoline in eye drops and rabbit aqueous humor, application to stability study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115598. [PMID: 37516064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
This work implements a stability indicating HPLC method developed to simultaneously determine xylometazoline (XYLO) and antazoline (ANT) in their binary mixture, rabbit aqueous humor and cited drug's degradates by applying analytical quality-by-design (AQbD) combined with green analytical chemistry (GAC) experiment for the first time. This integration was designed to maximize efficiency and minimize environmental impacts, as well as energy and solvent consumption. Analytical quality-by-design was applied to achieve our aim starting with evaluation of quality risk and scouting analysis, tracked via five parameters chromatographic screening using Placket-Burman design namely: pH, temperature, organic solvent percentage, flow rate, and wavelength detection. Recognizing the critical method parameters was done followed by optimization employing central composite design and Derringer's desirability toward assess optimum conditions that attained best resolution with satisfactory peak symmetry with short run time. Optimal chromatographic separation was attained by means of an XBridge® C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm) column through isocratic elution using a mobile phase consists of phosphate buffer (pH 3.0): ethanol (60:40, by volume) at a 1.6 mL/min flow rate and 230.0 nm UV detection. Linearity acquired over a concentration range of 1.0-100.0 µg/mL and 0.5-100.0 µg/mL for XYLO and ANT, respectively. Furthermore, imperiling cited drugs' stock solutions to stress various conditions and satisfactory peaks of degradation products were obtained indicating that cited drugs are vulnerable to oxidative degradation and basic hydrolysis. Degradates' structures were elucidated using mass spectrometry. Applying various assessment tools; namely: analytical greenness (AGREE), green analytical procedure index (GAPI), analytical eco-scale, and national environmental method index (NEMI), Greenness method's evaluation was applied and proved to be green. In fact, the developed method is established to be perceptive, accurate, and selective to assess cited drugs for routine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola G Hussein
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina A Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh R Rezk
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelkawy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Rostom
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
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3
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Analytical quality-by-design (AQbD) approach for comprehensive analysis of bioactive compounds from Citrus peel wastes by UPLC. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04588-9. [PMID: 36853412 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in ingredients from natural sources has expanded the need for quality assessments of plant extracts. Analytical quality-by-design (AQbD) has been increasingly applied in regulated environments such as pharmaceutical industries and, more recently, for the bioactive compounds found in botanical materials. This work aimed to obtain qualitative (overall resolution and maximum peak capacity) and quantitative performances for target analytes using AQbD principles. The analytical target profile was elaborated; critical method parameters (independent variables) that affect the critical method attributes (dependent variables) were selected from a risk assessment for a reversed-phase liquid chromatography with diode array detection (RPLC-DAD) method. YMC-Triart C18 (3.0 × 100 mm, 1.9 μm) and a gradient elution using 0.2% acetic acid and methanol:acetonitrile 1:3 (v/v) were chosen as the stationary and mobile phases, respectively. The optimal and robust conditions (temperature at 33.3 °C, flow rate of 0.68 mL.min-1, and a gradient slope of 4.18%.min-1) were established by the method operable design region (MODR). The validation was performed by accuracy profiles using 90% expectation tolerance intervals for the selected compounds found in Citrus spp. using C. japonica as blank matrix. The lower limits of quantification for hesperidin, bergapten, herniarin, and citropten were 5.32, 0.40, 0.49, and 0.52 mg.L-1, respectively (acceptance limit was set at ± 20%). Nobiletin did not show an adequate quantitative performance.
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Orlandini S, Hancu G, Szabó ZI, Modroiu A, Papp LA, Gotti R, Furlanetto S. New Trends in the Quality Control of Enantiomeric Drugs: Quality by Design-Compliant Development of Chiral Capillary Electrophoresis Methods. Molecules 2022; 27:7058. [PMID: 36296650 PMCID: PMC9607418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a potent method for analyzing chiral substances and is commonly used in the enantioseparation and chiral purity control of pharmaceuticals from different matrices. The adoption of Quality by Design (QbD) concepts in analytical method development, optimization and validation is a widespread trend observed in various analytical approaches including chiral CE. The application of Analytical QbD (AQbD) leads to the development of analytical methods based on sound science combined with risk management, and to a well understood process clarifying the influence of method parameters on the analytical output. The Design of Experiments (DoE) method employing chemometric tools is an essential part of QbD-based method development, allowing for the simultaneous evaluation of experimental parameters as well as their interaction. In 2022 the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) released two draft guidelines (ICH Q14 and ICH Q2(R2)) that are intended to encourage more robust analytical procedures. The ICH Q14 guideline intends to harmonize the scientific approaches for analytical procedures' development, while the Q2(R2) document covers the validation principles for the use of analytical procedures including the recent applications that require multivariate statistical analyses. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the new prospects for chiral CE method development applied for the enantiomeric purity control of pharmaceuticals using AQbD principles. The review also provides an overview of recent research (2012-2022) on the applicability of CE methods in chiral drug impurity profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriel Hancu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Zoltán-István Szabó
- Department of Pharmaceutical Industry and Management, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Adriana Modroiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Lajos-Attila Papp
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sandra Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
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Bastogne T, Caputo F, Prina-Mello A, Borgos S, Barberi-Heyob M. A state of the art in analytical quality-by-design and perspectives in characterization of nano-enabled medicinal products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Box–Behnken Design-Based Development and Validation of a Reverse-Phase HPLC Analytical Method for the Estimation of Paclitaxel in Cationic Liposomes. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04172-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractStability-indicating reverse-phase HPLC analytical method for the quantification of Paclitaxel (PTX) in the bulk and cationic liposomes was developed. The optimized method was validated according to the ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines by following a 2-level–4-factor interaction Box–Behnken design using Design-Expert® software. The responses measured at 228 nm were retention time (Rt), peak area, tailing factor (Tf10%), and the number of theoretical plates (NTP). PTX was eluted best using the Luna® C18 LC Column along with a mobile phase of methanol and 25 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 6) 75:25 v/v mixture at 25 ± 2 °C temperature. The currently developed method was linear in the 2.5–100 µg/mL range with a detection limit of 0.062 µg/mL and a quantification limit of 0.188 µg/mL. The optimized method was utilized to evaluate the stability of PTX in different stress conditions by performing forced degradation studies. The results from the degradation study stipulated that on exposure to various stressors, namely acid, alkali, oxidative, thermal, and UV light, the PTX did not show considerable degradation except alkali exposure. Further, the method was successfully used for the quantification of PTX in cationic liposomes. The particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index of the PTX-loaded liposomes were 219.25 ± 7.566 nm, 57.15 ± 12.374 mV, and 0.807 ± 0.1958 respectively. The percent of drug entrapped was quantified and was found to be 59 ± 1.414%.
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Fares MY, Hegazy MA, El-Sayed GM, Abdelrahman MM, Abdelwahab NS. Quality by design approach for green HPLC method development for simultaneous analysis of two thalassemia drugs in biological fluid with pharmacokinetic study. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13896-13916. [PMID: 35548387 PMCID: PMC9084420 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00966h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This work implements a combined experimental approach of analytical quality-by-design (AQbD) and green analytical chemistry (GAC) to develop an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of the two thalassemia drugs, deferasirox (DFX) and deferiprone (DFP), in biological fluid for the first time. This integration was designed to maximize efficiency and minimize environmental impacts, as well as energy and solvent consumption. To accomplish this goal, an analytical quality-by-design approach was performed, beginning with quality risk assessment and scouting analysis, followed by Placket-Burman design screening for five chromatographic parameters. Critical method parameters were thoroughly recognized and then optimized by using a two levels-three factors custom experimental design to evaluate the optimum conditions that achieved the highest resolution with acceptable peak symmetry within the shortest run time. The desirability function was used to define the optimal chromatographic conditions, and the optimal separation was achieved using an XBridge® HPLC RP-C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) column with ethanol : acidic water at pH 3.0 adjusted by phosphoric acid in the ratio of (70 : 30, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL min-1 with UV detection at 225 nm at a temperature of 25 °C. Linearity was obtained over the concentration range of 0.30-20.00 μg mL-1 and 0.20-20.00 μg mL-1 for DFX and DFP, respectively, using 20.00 μg mL-1 ibuprofen (IBF) as an internal standard. The established method's greenness profile was evaluated and measured using various assessment tools, and the developed method was green. For the validation of the developed method, FDA recommendations were followed, and all the results obtained met the acceptance criteria. The suggested method was successfully used to study the pharmacokinetic parameters of DFX and DFP in rat plasma. Due to the substantial increase in bioavailability of the two iron chelating drugs, the results from this study strongly recommend their co-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Y Fares
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University Sharq El-Nile 62511 Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - Maha A Hegazy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El-Aini Street Cairo 11562 Egypt +20-100-548-6038
| | - Ghada M El-Sayed
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El-Aini Street Cairo 11562 Egypt +20-100-548-6038
| | - Maha M Abdelrahman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St 62514 Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - Nada S Abdelwahab
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St 62514 Beni-Suef Egypt
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8
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Krait S, Schneidmadel FR, Scriba GKE. Quality by design‐assisted development of a capillary electrophoresis method for the enantiomeric purity determination of tenofovir. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:964-969. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Krait
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Germany
| | - Felix R. Schneidmadel
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Germany
| | - Gerhard K. E. Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Germany
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Caro Y, Van Strate P, Sartorio M, Cámara M, De Zan M. Application of the lifecycle approach to the development and validation of a chromatographic method for therapeutic drug monitoring of ceftazidime, meropenem, and piperacillin. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Stajić A, Janković-Maksić J, Jančić-Stojanović B, Medenica M. AQbD-Oriented UHPLC/MS/MS Method Development for Glycopeptides Assessment in Pharmaceutical Forms. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:650-658. [PMID: 33575745 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin and teicoplanin are glycopeptide antibacterials that inhibit the bacteria cell wall synthesis showing activity against gram-positive bacteria. Development of the sensitive method is of great importance for quality control of these drugs that are fermentation products. Modification of the fermentation conditions could cause the differences in the relative amount of the total substance or component, as it is the case with teicoplanin. The main objective of this study was development of the sensitive and effective ultra high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass sprectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous quantification of vancomycin, all six subcomponents of teicoplanin, and its pharmacopoeial impurity A in pharmaceutical forms. The scientific-based Quality by Design approach was implemented in the MS and UHPLC method development. Detection and quantification of analytes were carried out in positive electrospray ion mode by multiple reaction monitoring. Capillary voltage, cone voltage and collision energy were optimized by implementing experimental design methodology and optimal values for each fragment ion were obtained by performing experiments according to 'Rechtschaffen' design matrix. An ACQUITY CSH Phenyl-hexyl (2.1 × 50 mm, particle size 1.7 μm) column was chosen for the separation under the gradient elution mode with the mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid in water (mobile phase A) and acetonitrile (mobile phase B). Optimal gradient elution parameters were achieved by applying 'Rechtschaffen' design too. Method operable design regions were constructed for investigated MS and chromatographic parameters. The method was fully validated, and its applicability was confirmed throughout the ability to follow the behavior of vancomycin and teicoplanin under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stajić
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Janković-Maksić
- Department of Drug Control and Examination, Sector for Pharmacy, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - B Jančić-Stojanović
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Medenica
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Instrumental Methods, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Mutalik SP, Mullick P, Pandey A, Kulkarni SS, Mutalik S. Box-Behnken design aided optimization and validation of developed reverse phase HPLC analytical method for simultaneous quantification of dolutegravir sodium and lamivudine co-loaded in nano-liposomes. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2917-2931. [PMID: 34076952 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous estimation of dolutegravir sodium and lamivudine encapsulated in the nanoliposomal formulation was developed. The chromatographic parameters namely, organic phase ratio, flow rate, and sample injection volume were selected as independent factors and were optimized by multivariate Box-Behnken design. Responses analyzed were retention time, peak area, and resolution. The optimized chromatographic method with Hypersil BDS C8 CN column as stationary phase and methanol and acetonitrile mixture and acidified Milli-Q water (pH 2.8, adjusted with 0.02% v/v orthophosphoric acid) as the mobile phase in an isocratic elution mode was validated according to parameters of International Conference on Harmonization Q1(R2) guidelines. The validated reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method exhibited specificity for both dolutegravir sodium and lamivudine in the presence of degradation products as well as the liposomal matrix. This method was effectively utilized to determine the amount of drug entrapped and drug loading efficiency of dolutegravir sodium and lamivudine in a nano-liposomal formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana P Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Prashansha Mullick
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Abhijeet Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Smita S Kulkarni
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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12
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Volta e Sousa L, Gonçalves R, Menezes JC, Ramos A. Analytical Method Lifecycle Management in Pharmaceutical Industry: a Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:128. [PMID: 33835304 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01960-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The adoption of Quality by Design (QbD) and Analytical Method Lifecycle Management (AMLM) concepts to ensure the quality of pharmaceutical products has been applied and proposed over the last few years. These concepts are based on knowledge gained from the application of scientific and quality risk management approaches, throughout method lifecycle to assure continuous improvement and high reliability of analytical results. The overall AMLM starts with the definition of the method's intended use through the Analytical Target Profile definition, including three stages: (1) Method Design, taking advantage of the well-known concept of QbD; (2) Method Performance Qualification; (3) Continued Method Performance Verification. This is intended to holistically align method variability with product requirements, increasing confidence in the data generated, a regulatory requirement that the pharmaceutical industry must follow. This approach views all method-related activities, such as development, validation, transfer, and routine use as a continuum and interrelated process, where knowledge and risk management are the key enablers. An increase in method robustness, cost reduction, and decreased risk failures are some of the intrinsic benefits from this lifecycle management. This approach is clearly acknowledged both by regulators and industry. The roadmap of the regulatory and industry events that mark the evolution of these concepts helps to capture the current and future expectation of the pharmaceutical framework.
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13
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Ge Z, Zhang K, Chen DDY, Yan B. Data-driven development of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods for combined sample matrices. Talanta 2021; 224:121880. [PMID: 33379089 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicine formulas (HMFs), the combinations of two or more herbal medicine (HM) ingredients required in a single prescription, are a typical kind of combined sample matrices. LC-MS is a powerful platform for the analyses of such complex samples. The optimization of separation conditions may require a lot of experiments, because multiple analytes need to be separated from a plethora of possible interfering compounds in the sample mixture containing different herbal medicines. To greatly reduce the complexity needed for the optimization of separation conditions, this work proposes a data-driven approach for the systematic development of LC-MS methods for HMFs, using six HMFs created from four HMs (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Corydalis Rhizoma and Ophiopogonis Radix) as case-studies. In this approach, the chromatographic peak parameters (like retention times) of the analytes and interfering compounds under different separation conditions were extracted from the LC-MS database of the HMs. Then data-driven models between the chromatographic peak parameters and the separation parameters were built with machine learning methods (r > 0.996 for all the compounds) and used to predict the chromatographic peaks of the analytes and interfering compounds in HMF analyses. Based on the predictions, all of the separation parameters were optimized without any previous experiments on the HMFs. In the validation experiments for the six HMFs, all of the analytes were well separated. The data-driven approach demonstrated enables systematic and rapid development of LC-MS methods for HMFs, and the separation conditions can be efficiently adjusted for different analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Ge
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kuanyong Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Binjun Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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14
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Krait S, Konjaria ML, Scriba GKE. Advances of capillary electrophoresis enantioseparations in pharmaceutical analysis (2017-2020). Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1709-1725. [PMID: 33433919 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis is a powerful technique for the analysis of polar chiral compounds and has been widely accepted for analytical enantioseparations of drug compounds in pharmaceuticals and biological media. In addition, many mechanistic studies have been conducted in an attempt to rationalize enantioseparations in combination with spectroscopic and computational techniques. The present review will focus on recent examples of mechanistic aspects and summarize recent applications of stereoselective pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis published between January 2017 and November 2020. Various separation modes including electrokinetic chromatography in combination with several detection modes including laser-induced fluorescence, mass spectrometry and contactless conductivity detection will be discussed. A general trend also observed in other analytical techniques is the application of quality by design principles in method development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Krait
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Mari-Luiza Konjaria
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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15
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Box-Behnken Assisted Validation and Optimization of an RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Domperidone and Lansoprazole. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly specific, accurate, and simple RP-HPLC technique was developed for the real-time quantification of domperidone (DOMP) and lansoprazole (LANS) in commercial formulations. Chromatographic studies were performed using a Luna C8(2), 5 μm, 100Å, column (250 × 4.6 mm, Phenomenex) with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile/2 mM ammonium acetate (51:49 v/v), pH 6.7. The flow rate was 1 mL·min−1 with UV detection at 289 nm. Linearity was observed within the range of 4–36 µg·mL−1 for domperidone and 2–18 µg·mL−1 for lansoprazole. Method optimization was achieved using Box-Behnken design software, in which three key variables were examined, namely, the flow rate (A), the composition of the mobile phase (B), and the pH (C). The retention time (Y1 and Y3) and the peak area (Y2 and Y4) were taken as the response parameters. We observed that slight alterations in the mobile phase and the flow rate influenced the outcome, whereas the pH exerted no effect. Method validation featured various ICH parameters including linearity, limit of detection (LOD), accuracy, precision, ruggedness, robustness, stability, and system suitability. This method is potentially useful for the analysis of commercial formulations and laboratory preparations.
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Abdel-Moety EM, Rezk MR, Wadie M, Tantawy MA. A combined approach of green chemistry and Quality-by-Design for sustainable and robust analysis of two newly introduced pharmaceutical formulations treating benign prostate hyperplasia. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Santana IM, Jardim ICSF, Breitkreitz MC. Sequential design of experiments approach for the multiproduct analysis of cholesterol‐lowering drugs by ultra‐high‐performance supercritical fluid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:4234-4242. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Miranda Santana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Institute of Chemistry UNICAMP Campinas‐São Paulo Brazil
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Niedermeier S, Scriba GKE. Chiral separation of four phenothiazines by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis and quality by design-based method development for quantification of dextromepromazine as chiral impurity of levomepromazine. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1624:461232. [PMID: 32540073 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The separation of the enantiomers of mepromazine, promethazine, thioridazine and alimemazine was studied by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis in the presence of cyclodextrins using 1 M acetic acid and 50 mM ammonium acetate in methanol as background electrolyte. Heptakis(2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-sulfo)-β-cyclodextrin, heptakis(2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-sulfo)-β-cyclodextrin (HDMS-β-CD) and octakis(2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-sulfo)-γ-cyclodextrin were the most effective chiral selectors for mepromazine, promethazine and alimemazine. Subsequently, a method for the determination of dextromepromazine as chiral impurity of levomepromazine was developed employing quality by design principles. Using HDMS-β-CD as selector, a fractional factorial resolution V+ design was employed for evaluating the knowledge space, while a central composite face centered design provided further method optimization and the basis for the computation of the design space by Monte Carlo simulations. The final experimental conditions included a 30/40.2 cm fused-silica capillary with 75 µm inner diameter and a background electrolyte composed of 0.75 M acetic acid and 55 mM ammonium acetate in methanol containing 27.5 mg/mL HDMS-β-CD. The applied voltage was 22 kV and the capillary temperature was 15°C. Following method robustness testing via a Plackett-Burman design, the method was validated for dextromepromazine in the range of 0.01 to 3.0 % relative to a concentration of 0.74 mg/mL levomepromazine and applied to the analysis of reference standards of the European Pharmacopoeia and commercial tablets. The assay also allowed the detection of levomepromazine sulfoxide although the quantitation of the compound was hampered by the poor peak shape of the late migrating diastereomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Niedermeier
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Caro Y, Cámara M, De Zan M. A review of bioanalytical methods for the therapeutic drug monitoring of β-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients: Evaluation of the approaches used to develop and validate quality attributes. Talanta 2020; 210:120619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Quality by Design-Based Development of a Chiral Capillary Electrophoresis Method for the Determination of Dextrodropropizine and 1-Phenylpiperazine as Impurities of Levodropropizine. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Quality Control and Downstream Processing of Therapeutic Enzymes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1148:55-80. [PMID: 31482494 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7709-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic enzymes are a commercially minor but clinically important area of biopharmaceuticals. An array of therapeutic enzymes has been developed for a variety of human diseases, including leukaemia and enzyme-deficiency diseases such as Gaucher's disease. Production and testing of therapeutic enzymes is strictly governed by regulatory bodies in each country around the world, and batch-to-batch consistency is crucially important. Manufacture of a batch starts with the fermentation or cell culture stage. After expression of the therapeutic enzyme in a cell culture bioreactor, robust and reproducible protein purification, or downstream processing (DSP) of the target product, is critical to ensuring safe delivery of these medicines. Modern processing technology, including the use of disposable processing equipment, has greatly improved the DSP development pathway in terms of robustness and speed to clinic. Once purified, the drug substance undergoes rigorous quality control (QC) testing according to current regulatory guidance, to enable release to the clinic and patient. QC testing is conducted to ensure the safety, purity, identity, potency and strength of the medicinal product, requiring multiple analytical methods that are rigorously validated and monitored for robust performance. Several case studies, including L-asparaginase and asfotase alfa, are discussed to illustrate the methods described herein.
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Tome T, Žigart N, Časar Z, Obreza A. Development and Optimization of Liquid Chromatography Analytical Methods by Using AQbD Principles: Overview and Recent Advances. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Tome
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva c. 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Analytics Department, Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Verovškova ulica 57, SI-1526 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Žigart
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva c. 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Analytics Department, Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Verovškova ulica 57, SI-1526 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zdenko Časar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva c. 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Analytics Department, Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Verovškova ulica 57, SI-1526 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Obreza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva c. 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Analytical Quality by Design-based development and validation of ultra pressure liquid chromatography/MS/MS method for glycopeptide antibiotics determination in human plasma. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1861-1876. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: An ultra pressure liquid chromatography (UPLC)/MS/MS method for vancomycin and teicoplanin determination in human plasma was developed in accordance with analytical quality by design (AQbD) concept and fully validated. Materials & methods: Chromatographic separation was performed on ACQUITY UPLC C18 charge surface hybrid (CSH) column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm particle size) in gradient mode and the mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid in water and pure acetonitrile. The experimental design methodology was used for the definition of optimal chromatographic and protein precipitation conditions. Results: The linearity ranges were 0.05–10 μg ml-1 for vancomycin and 0.5–200 μg ml-1 for total teicoplanin. The relative standard deviations for precision estimation were below 15% and the accuracy was within 85–115% for all quality control levels. Conclusion: The method was utilized for glycopeptide antibiotics bioanalysis.
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Harnisch H, Scriba GKE. Capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of (R)-dapoxetine, (3S)-3-(dimethylamino)-3-phenyl-1-propanol, (S)-3-amino-3-phenyl-1-propanol and 1-naphthol as impurities of dapoxetine hydrochloride. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 162:257-263. [PMID: 30273816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis method was developed and validated for the determination of the purity of dapoxetine with regard to the related substances (3S)-3-amino-3-phenylpropan-1-ol, (3S)-3-(dimethylamino)-3-phenylpropan-1-ol, 1-naphthol and the enantiomer (R)-dapoxetine. The separation was based on a dual selector system, which was optimized by a fractional factorial resolution V + design followed by a central composite face centered design with star distance 1 and Monte Carlo simulations for defining the design space. The optimized background electrolyte consisted of a 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.3, containing 45 mg/mL sulfated γ-cyclodextrin and 40.2 mg/mL 2,6-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin. Separations were carried out in a 23.5/32 cm, 50 μm fused-silica capillary employing a separation voltage of 9 kV at 15 °C. Following robustness testing using a Plackett-Burman design the method was validated according to the International Council on Harmonization guideline Q2(R1) in the range of 0.05-1.0% relative to the dapoxetine concentration. The method was applied to the analysis of drug substance and a commercial tablet. Data regarding the enantiomeric purity of dapoxetine obtained by the capillary electrophoresis assay were comparable to the data obtained by an enantioselective HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Harnisch
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Deidda R, Orlandini S, Hubert P, Hubert C. Risk-based approach for method development in pharmaceutical quality control context: A critical review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 161:110-121. [PMID: 30145448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical regulatory bodies increasingly require the implementation of systematic approaches in pharmaceutical product development. Quality control methods play a key role in the control strategy of drugs manufacturing to assure their quality. A risk-based approach in the analytical method development is strongly recommended to ensure that the method performances fit the purpose of the method during its entire life-cycle. In the last decade, analytical quality by design (AQbD), as risk management oriented methodology, has been progressively integrated with method development for fulfilling this objective. This approach has successfully allowed the quality to be designed into the analytical processes by obtaining a deep understanding of the procedures. In this paper the AQbD workflow and its application in the development of methods to be used for pharmaceutical quality control have been treated and discussed. Recent publications regarding how AQbD has been applied in separation techniques were reviewed. The different development strategies have been also showcased, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, in order to give a useful overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Deidda
- University of Liège (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Serena Orlandini
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Philippe Hubert
- University of Liège (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cédric Hubert
- University of Liège (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium
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Application of Quality by Design to optimize a stability-indicating LC method for the determination of ticagrelor and its impurities. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 118:208-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Krait S, Scriba GKE. Quality by design-assisted development of a capillary electrophoresis method for the chiral purity determination of dexmedetomidine. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2575-2580. [PMID: 29600596 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine is a selective α2 -adrenergic agonist used for patient sedation, while its enantiomer levomedetomidine has no sedative effects. As CE has been shown to be a powerful technique for enantiomer analysis, the aim of the study was the quality by design-based development of a CE-based limit test for the enantiomeric impurity levomedetomidine. The analytical target profile was defined that the method should be able to determine levomedetomidine with acceptable precision and accuracy at the 0.1% level. From initial scouting experiments, sulfated β-cyclodextrin was selected as chiral selector. The critical process parameters were identified in a fractional factorial resolution V+ design, while a central composite face centered design and Monte Carlo simulations were used for defining the design space of the method. The selected working conditions were a 21.3/31.5 cm, 50 μm id fused-silica capillary, a 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.5, containing 40 mg/mL sulfated β-cyclodextrin, a capillary temperature of 17°C and an applied voltage of 10 kV. Validation according to the ICH guideline Q2(R1) demonstrated repeatability and intermediate precision of content and migration time between 9.3 and 4.2% with accuracy in the range of 92.0 and 98.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Krait
- Friedrich Schiller University, Department of Medicinal/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard K E Scriba
- Friedrich Schiller University, Department of Medicinal/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jena, Germany
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‘Quality by Design’ approach for the analysis of impurities in pharmaceutical drug products and drug substances. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Krait S, Heuermann M, Scriba GKE. Development of a capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of the chiral purity of dextromethorphan by a dual selector system using quality by design methodology. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1405-1413. [PMID: 29131506 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dextromethorphan is a centrally acting antitussive drug, while its enantiomer levomethorphan is an illicit drug with opioid analgesic effects. As capillary electrophoresis has been proven as an ideal technique for enantiomer analysis, the present study was conducted in order to develop a capillary electrophoresis-based limit test for levomethorphan. The analytical target profile was defined as a method that should be able to determine levomethorphan with acceptable precision and accuracy at the 0.1 % level. From initial scouting experiments, a dual selector system consisting of sulfated β-cyclodextrin and methyl-α-cyclodextrin was identified. The critical process parameters were evaluated in a fractional factorial resolution IV design followed by a central composite face-centered design and Monte Carlo simulations for defining the design space of the method. The selected working conditions consisted of a 30/40.2 cm, 50 μm id fused-silica capillary, 30 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.5, 16 mg/mL sulfated β-cyclodextrin, and 14 mg/mL methyl-α-cyclodextrin at 20°C and 20 kV. The method was validated according to ICH guideline Q2(R1) and applied to the analysis of a capsule formulation. Furthermore, the apparent binding constants between the enantiomers and the cyclodextrins as well as complex mobilities were determined to understand the migration behavior of the analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Krait
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Parr MK, Schmidt AH. Life cycle management of analytical methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:506-517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Simultaneous optimization of pH and binary organic composition by grid form modeling of the retention behavior in reversed-phase ultra high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 146:251-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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A quality by design-based approach to a capillary electrokinetic assay for the determination of dextromepromazine and levomepromazine sulfoxide as impurities of levomepromazine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 146:402-409. [PMID: 28926734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Using a quality by design approach, a capillary electrophoresis method for the simultaneous determination of dextromepromazine and the oxidation product levomepromazine sulfoxide in levomepromazine was developed. The analytical target profile was defined that the method should be able to quantify 0.1% of both impurities with a precision of ≤10%. Hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin was used as chiral selector. The critical process parameters cyclodextrin concentration, buffer pH and concentration as well as temperature and applied voltage were studied using a fractional factorial resolution V+ design for defining the knowledge space. A central composite face centered design was used as response surface methodology for deriving the design space by Monte Carlo simulations. The selected working point was a 100mM citric acid buffer, pH 2.85, containing 3.6mg/mL hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin, a temperature of 15°C and a voltage of 25kV. Robustness was estimated using a Plackett-Burman design. The method was subsequently validated in the relative concentration range of 0.1%-1.0% of the impurities for a solution containing 0.25mg/mL levomepromazine. The method was applied to the determination of the purity of the reference substance of the European Pharmacopoeia and of the drug in a commercial injection solution.
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Yan B, Bai X, Sheng Y, Li F. Statistical Model Based HPLC Analytical Method Adjustment Strategy to Adapt to Different Sets of Analytes in Complicated Samples. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2017; 28:424-432. [PMID: 28523827 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION On account of the complicated compositions of the products like traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and functional foods, it is a common practice to determine different sets of analytes in the same product for different purposes. OBJECTIVE To efficiently develop the corresponding HPLC methods, a statistical model based analytical method adjustment (SMB-AMA) strategy was proposed. METHODS In this strategy, the HPLC data acquired with design of experiments methodology were efficiently utilised to build the retention models for all the analytes and interferences shown in the chromatograms with multivariate statistical modelling methods. According to the set of analytes under research, Monte-Carlo simulations were conducted based on these retention models to estimate the probability of achieving adequate separations between all the analytes and their interferences. Then the analytical parameters were mathematically optimised to the point giving a high value of this probability to compose a robust HPLC method. Radix Angelica Sinensis (RAS) and its TCM formula with Folium Epimedii (FE) were taken as the complicated samples for case studies. RESULTS The retention models for the compounds in RAS and FE were built independently with correlation coefficients all above 0.9799. The analytical parameters were tactfully adjusted to adapt to six cases of different sets of analytes and different sample matrices. In the validation experiments using the adjusted analytical parameters, satisfactory separations were acquired. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the SMB-AMA strategy was able to develop HPLC methods rationally and rapidly in the adaption of different sets of analytes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binjun Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548, Binwen Road, 310053, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xue Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548, Binwen Road, 310053, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yunjie Sheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548, Binwen Road, 310053, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fanzhu Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548, Binwen Road, 310053, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Zhang X, Hu C. Application of quality by design concept to develop a dual gradient elution stability-indicating method for cloxacillin forced degradation studies using combined mixture-process variable models. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1514:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Is supercritical fluid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry suitable for the quality control of vitamin D3 oily formulations? J Chromatogr A 2017; 1515:209-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dispas A, Lebrun P, Sacré PY, Hubert P. Screening study of SFC critical method parameters for the determination of pharmaceutical compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 125:339-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Hecht ES, Oberg AL, Muddiman DC. Optimizing Mass Spectrometry Analyses: A Tailored Review on the Utility of Design of Experiments. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:767-85. [PMID: 26951559 PMCID: PMC4841694 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1344-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a tool that can analyze nearly all classes of molecules, with its scope rapidly expanding in the areas of post-translational modifications, MS instrumentation, and many others. Yet integration of novel analyte preparatory and purification methods with existing or novel mass spectrometers can introduce new challenges for MS sensitivity. The mechanisms that govern detection by MS are particularly complex and interdependent, including ionization efficiency, ion suppression, and transmission. Performance of both off-line and MS methods can be optimized separately or, when appropriate, simultaneously through statistical designs, broadly referred to as "design of experiments" (DOE). The following review provides a tutorial-like guide into the selection of DOE for MS experiments, the practices for modeling and optimization of response variables, and the available software tools that support DOE implementation in any laboratory. This review comes 3 years after the latest DOE review (Hibbert DB, 2012), which provided a comprehensive overview on the types of designs available and their statistical construction. Since that time, new classes of DOE, such as the definitive screening design, have emerged and new calls have been made for mass spectrometrists to adopt the practice. Rather than exhaustively cover all possible designs, we have highlighted the three most practical DOE classes available to mass spectrometrists. This review further differentiates itself by providing expert recommendations for experimental setup and defining DOE entirely in the context of three case-studies that highlight the utility of different designs to achieve different goals. A step-by-step tutorial is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Hecht
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ann L Oberg
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Bapatu HR, Maram RK, Cho WH, Pasagadugula VBR. QbD Approach Method Development for Estimation of Dabigatran Etexilate along with Its Impurities and Identification of Degradants in Capsule Dosage Form. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2016.76047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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