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Pandey S, Pant P, Dall'Acqua S. Advances in sample preparation methods for pesticide residue analysis in medicinal plants: A focus on Nepal. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300652. [PMID: 38332309 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Medicinal plant safety is a rising challenge worldwide due to the continued overuse of pesticides to their maximum residue limits. Due to the high demand for medicinal plants, their production is being increased and sometimes protected by pesticide use. The analysis of these residues requires robust analytical methods to ensure the safety and quality of medicinal plants. Developing effective sample preparation for detecting pesticides is challenging, due to their diverse natures, classes, and physico-chemical characteristics. Hence, existing techniques and strategies are needed to improve the reliability of the results. The review discusses the current state of sample preparation techniques, analytical methods, and instrumental technologies employed in pesticide residue analysis in medicinal plants. It highlights the challenges, limitations, and advancements in the field, providing insights into the analytical strategies used to detect and quantify pesticide residues. Reliable, accessible, affordable, and high-resolution analytical procedures are essential to ensure that pesticide levels in medicinal plants are effectively regulated. By understanding the complexities of pesticide residue analysis in medicinal plants, this review article aims to support the conservation of medicinal plant resources, promote public health, and contribute to the development of sustainable strategies for ensuring the safety and quality of medicinal plants in Nepal. The findings of this review will benefit researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders involved in the conservation of medicinal plant resources and the promotion of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Pandey
- Institute of Forest Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Madan Bhandari University of Science and Technology, Chitlang, Nepal
| | - Poonam Pant
- Faculty of Pharmacy, CiST College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- DSF Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Science, Padova, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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2
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Huertas-Pérez JF, Baslé Q, Dubois M, Theurillat X. Multi-residue pesticides determination in complex food matrices by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2024; 436:137687. [PMID: 37857199 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method for determination of GC-amenable pesticides in complex matrices, was validated based on QuEChERS sample preparation and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Performance of the method was tested according to the EU SANTE guidelines for 172 pesticides belonging to different chemical classes, in three representative complex matrices. Three concentration levels were tested in order to establish the lowest limit of quantification possible. For some matrix/pesticide combination, careful selection of the quantification/confirmation transitions was key to avoid interferences. Accurate quantification was achieved by standard addition. The number of compounds fulfilling EU SANTE criteria at 10 µg/kg and 100 µg/kg were 93 and 148 for roasted coffee, 93 and 112 for green tea and 98 and 111 for curry respectively. The method was further evaluated in different matrices (chili, clove, cumin, paprika and rosemary) with 50-90 % of the compounds fulfilling the validation criteria depending on the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Quentin Baslé
- Nestlé Quality Assurance Center (NQAC) Singapore, 29 Quality Rd., 618802, Singapore
| | - Mathieu Dubois
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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3
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Murcia-Correa LS, Usuriaga OC, Vieira L, Raniero L. SERS-active substrates using DVD-R coated in silver thin films: A preliminary study for detection of commercial glyphosate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 302:123017. [PMID: 37354853 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLP) is the herbicide with the highest level of global commercialization and historical use. Even though numerous studies have found this substance to be harmless, current research demonstrates that GLP might affect human health. For this reason, researcher efforts are concentrating on alternatives for analytical quantification, such as Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). In this work, a DVD-R@AgNPs SERS substrate was produced by the Cathodic Cage Plasma Deposition (CCPD) technique, which allowed a thin film layer deposition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the PC grating structure from Digital Video/Versatile Disc Recordable (DVD-R). Scanning Electron Microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to characterize the substrate and chemical changes on the surface after AgNPs deposition. The DVD-R@AgNPs substrate was used to detect standard crystal violet (CV), GLP, and RoundupTM GLP (GLP-RU) using Raman Spectroscopy. The CV was used as a control sample for SERS measurement, allowing the calculation of the substrate enhancement factor, which was in the order of ∼ 105. To evaluate the efficiency of the SERS substrate, the limit of detection was calculated and showed values of ∼ 10-10 mol/L for CV, 10-7 and 10-8 mol/L for GLP, and 10-6 mol/L for GLP-RU. Thus, the DVD-R@AgNPs SERS sensor is a low-cost substrate that analyzes traces of pesticides such as commercial GLP, demonstrating high SERS sensitivities and many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Murcia-Correa
- Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de, Nanossensores, Avenida Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova - 12244-000, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - O C Usuriaga
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Matão Street, 1371 - 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucia Vieira
- Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de, Nanotecnologia e Processos a Plasma-Nanotecplasma, Avenida Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova - 12244-000, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - L Raniero
- Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de, Nanossensores, Avenida Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova - 12244-000, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
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4
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Manzano-Sánchez L, Angappan S, Martínez JA, Del Real Aguilera A, Fernández-Alba AR. Pesticide residue analysis in different spice samples by automatic µSPE clean-up workflow determination using LC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6551-6560. [PMID: 37698599 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Spices such as paprika, curry, turmeric, dry chilli, and black pepper are grown in various geographic locations and widely used by consumers across the world. Pesticides applied during crop production practices could contaminate the produce, affecting the quality and posing a health risk for consumers. The complexity of the spice matrix and the wide range of target pesticides potentially present require special sample extraction and clean-up treatments to overcome matrix interference and ion suppression. In this study, sample extracts from spice matrices (paprika/curry/turmeric/dry chilli/black pepper) were cleaned up by an automated µSPE clean-up method for multi-residue analysis of pesticides using LC-MS/MS. The automated µSPE clean-up method involves pre-filled cartridges containing various sorbent materials suitable for numerous co-extractives and the automated clean-up process was carried out using an autosampler. The regulatory limit for pesticides in spices varies with type, with a low MRL of 0.05 mg kg-1 or higher for 99% of the analytes. At spiking concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 mg kg-1, good recoveries between 70 and 120% with RSD values below 20% were achieved for more than 98% of the compounds. With automatic clean-up of samples that takes 5 min/sample, 20% increased output per day shows an important advantage achieved compared to manual clean-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Manzano-Sánchez
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits & Vegetables, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento S/N˚, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Suganthi Angappan
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - José Antonio Martínez
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits & Vegetables, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento S/N˚, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Ana Del Real Aguilera
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits & Vegetables, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento S/N˚, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Amadeo Rodríguez Fernández-Alba
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits & Vegetables, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento S/N˚, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almeria, Spain.
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5
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Improvement of the QuEChERS method coupled with GC–MS/MS for the determination of pesticide residues in fresh fruit and vegetables. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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6
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Li Z, Lin H, Wang L, Cao L, Sui J, Wang K. Optical sensing techniques for rapid detection of agrochemicals: Strategies, challenges, and perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156515. [PMID: 35667437 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the irrational use of agrochemicals has caused great harm to the environment and public health. Along with the rapid development of optical technology and nanotechnology, the research of optical sensing methods in agrochemical detection has been developed rapidly owing to its advantages of simplicity, fast response, and cost-effectiveness. In this review, the strategies of employing optical systems based on colorimetric sensor, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, terahertz spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for sensing agrochemicals were summarized. In addition, the challenges in the practical application of optical sensing technologies for agrochemical detection were discussed in-depth, and potential future trends and prospects of these techniques were addressed. A variety of nanomaterials have been developed for enhancing the sensitivity of optical sensing systems. The optical properties of nanomaterials are governed by their size, shape, and chemical structure. Although each optical sensing system holds its advantages, there are still many challenges that need to be overcome in practical applications. With the continuous developments in novel functional nanomaterials, sample preparation methods, and spectral processing algorithms, optical sensors are expected to have powerful potential for rapid testing of agrochemicals in the environment and foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Limin Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Jianxin Sui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Kaiqiang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Breeding Lateolabrax Japonicus, Ningde, Fujian 355299, China.
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7
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Determination of pesticide residues in chilli and Sichuan pepper by high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2022; 387:132915. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Notifications on Pesticide Residues in the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148525. [PMID: 35886374 PMCID: PMC9324178 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are commonly used to protect plants against various pests and to preserve crops, but their residues can be harmful for human health. They are the third most widely reported hazard category in the European Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). The purpose of the study was to identify the most frequently notified pesticides in the RASFF in 1981–2020, considering: year, notification type, product category, origin country, notifying country, notification basis, distribution status and action taken. The data from the RASFF database was processed using: filtering, transposition, pivot tables and then subjected to cluster analysis: joining (tree clustering) and two-way joining methods. Pesticides were most commonly reported in fruits and vegetables and herbs and spices following border controls and rejections. The products usually came from India or Turkey and were not placed on the market or were not distributed and then destroyed. The effectiveness of the European Union border posts in terms of hazards detection and mutual information is important from the point of view of protecting the internal market and ensuring public health. It is also necessary to increase the awareness of pesticide users through training and the activity of control authorities in the use of pesticides.
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9
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Dispersive solid phase extraction of several pesticides from fruit juices using a hydrophobic metal organic framework prior to HPLC-MS/MS determination. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Abstract
The extensive use of pesticides represents a risk to human health. Consequently, legal frameworks have been established to ensure food safety, including control programs for pesticide residues. In this context, the performance of analytical methods acquires special relevance. Such methods are expected to be able to determine the largest number of compounds at trace concentration levels in complex food matrices, which represents a great analytical challenge. Technical advances in mass spectrometry (MS) have led to the development of more efficient analytical methods for the determination of pesticides. This review provides an overview of current analytical strategies applied in pesticide analysis, with a special focus on MS methods. Current targeted MS methods allow the simultaneous determination of hundreds of pesticides, whereas non-targeted MS methods are now applicable to the identification of pesticide metabolites and transformation products. New trends in pesticide analysis are also presented, including approaches for the simultaneous determination of pesticide residues and other food contaminants (i.e., mega-methods), or the recent application of techniques such as ion mobility–mass spectrometry (IM–MS) for this purpose.
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11
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Pang X, Li C, Zang C, Guan L, Zhang P, Di C, Zou N, Li B, Mu W, Lin J. Simultaneous detection of ten kinds of insecticide residues in honey and pollen using UPLC-MS/MS with graphene and carbon nanotubes as adsorption and purification materials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:21826-21838. [PMID: 34767177 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method of simultaneous detection of ten insecticide residues in honey and pollen was established. The samples were purified with QuEChERS approach using new adsorbents and analyzed with UPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that both of graphene and carbon nanotubes were highly efficient adsorbents for the dSPE clean up to eliminate coextractives in the samples, and graphene was superior to carbon nanotubes for the detection of pesticide residues in honey and pollen samples. The proposed method was used to detect pesticide residues in 25 honey samples and 30 pollen samples which were randomly collected from more than ten provinces in China. All honey samples contain 1-27 μg/kg of chlorpyrifos residues. Only 4% of the honey samples were detected containing acetamiprid and imidacloprid, while the other seven pesticides were not detected. Chlorpyrifos residues were found in all pollen samples (5-66 μg/kg), among which twenty percent exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs, 50 μg/kg, European Commission Regulation). Most of the pollen samples containing pesticide concentrations higher than MRLs were collected from rape, followed by lotus, camellia, and rose. Besides, 36.7% and 33.3% of the pollen samples had imidacloprid and flupyradifurone higher than 5 μg/kg. A total of 26.7% pollen samples were detected containing bifenthrin, while none of the other six pesticides were detected in pollen samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyu Pang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanjiang Zang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Guan
- Rural Economy and Agricultural Technology Service Center of Banpu town in Haizhou district, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chunxiang Di
- The Rural Economy Management Main Station of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Beixing Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Mu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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12
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Rapid Simultaneous Determination of 43 Pesticide Residues in Schizonepeta tenuifolia by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Int J Anal Chem 2021; 2021:8934998. [PMID: 34938338 PMCID: PMC8687807 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8934998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, fast, and reliable method was established for simultaneous determination of 43 pesticides in Schizonepeta tenuifolia. The samples were prepared using solid-phase extraction (SPE) method. Pesticides were extracted from Schizonepeta tenuifolia using acetonitrile, cleaned with Pesticarb/NH2, and eluted by mixed solvents of acetonitrile and toluene (3 : 1, v/v). Selected pesticides were identified using DB-35MS capillary column and detected by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Samples were quantified by external standard method. Recoveries for the majority of pesticides at spike levels of 0.2, 0.5, and 1 mg kg−1 ranged between 70 and 120% (except for Chlorothalonil, Thiamethoxam, and Dicofol), and the relative standard deviations (RSDs n = 6) were 1.32%–13.91%. Limits of detection (LODs) were 0.0011–0.0135 mg kg−1, whereas limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.0038–0.0451 mg kg−1. The satisfactory accuracy and precision, in combination with a good separation and few interferences, have demonstrated the strong potential of this technique for its application in Schizonepeta tenuifolia analysis.
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Chang Q, Ge L, Li J, Qiu G, Wu F, Zhang H, Xu F, Zhu R, Qi P, Bai R, Ren F. Automated QuEChERS for the determination of 482 pesticide residues in Radix codonopsis by GC-Q-TOF/MS and LC-Q-TOF/MS. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5660-5669. [PMID: 34788351 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01616d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A rapid procedure for the determination of 482 pesticide residues in Chinese Materia Medica by GC-Q-TOF/MS and LC-Q-TOF/MS (379 pesticides for LC, 327 pesticides for GC, and 226 pesticides for both) was developed. Radix codonopsis was chosen as the matrix for verification, and a comparative study on the QuEChERS sample preparation was carried out, between a fully automated workstation and manual operation, in terms of limits of quantitation, recovery rate and RSD at 3 spiked levels of 10 μg kg-1, 20 μg kg-1 and 100 μg kg-1. In the linear range of each pesticide in a concentration range of 5-100 μg L-1, the linear correlation coefficients R2 of 85% of the pesticides for GC and 88% for LC were equal to or greater than 0.990. Taking recovery 70-120% and RSD ≤ 20% as the satisfactory standard, the automated workstation performed better at 10 μg kg-1 and 20 μg kg-1 than manual operation, and the numbers of satisfactory pesticides of GC & LC were 401 and 418 for the automated approach, and 378 and 400 for manual, while the two approaches were almost even at 100 μg kg-1, 421 vs. 424. Besides, the automated workstation presented lower RSD (more pesticides ≤10%) and better recovery quality (more pesticides within 90-110%). Following the method verification, 50 Radix codonopsis samples purchased from local markets were prepared with the automated workstation and analyzed by GC and LC-Q-TOF/MS. 18 pesticides were detected in 38 samples, one of which was a highly toxic pesticide. The automated QuEChERS workstation can handle 40 samples in one cycle within 6 hours, and realize whole-process automation covering from samples after "weighing" to "injection into vials". The batch-to-batch, day-to-day, and lab-to-lab consistency and 24 × 7 workability of the automated solution have demonstrated a promising and ideal replacement for manual operation in sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoying Chang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Lijuan Ge
- Beijing Uni-Star Inspection Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Monitoring for State Market Regulation, Lanzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Guoyu Qiu
- Gansu Pharmaceutical Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Fuxiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Monitoring for State Market Regulation, Lanzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Monitoring for State Market Regulation, Lanzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Fenghua Xu
- Beijing Uni-Star Inspection Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Renyuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Monitoring for State Market Regulation, Lanzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Monitoring for State Market Regulation, Lanzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Ruobin Bai
- Beijing Uni-Star Inspection Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Fazheng Ren
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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14
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Yuan B, Zhao D, Lyu W, Yin Z, Kshatriya D, Simon JE, Bello NT, Wu Q. Development and validation of a micro-QuEChERS method with high-throughput enhanced matrix removal followed with UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS for analysis of raspberry ketone-related phenolic compounds in adipose tissues. Talanta 2021; 235:122716. [PMID: 34517584 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Raspberry ketone (RK) is a major flavor compound in red raspberries, and it has been marketed as a popular weight-loss dietary supplement with high potential in accumulating in fatty tissues. However, challenges in extracting and characterizing RK and its associated phenolic compounds in fatty tissues persist due to the complex matrix effect. In this work, we reported a high-throughput sample preparation method for RK and 25 related phenolic compounds in white adipose tissues using an improved micro-scale QuEChERS (quick, efficient, cheap, easy, rugged and safe) approach with enhanced matrix removal (EMR)-lipid cleanup in 96-well plates, followed by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS analysis. The absolute recovery was 73-105% at the extraction step, and achieved 71-96% at the EMR cleanup step. The EMR cleanup removed around 66% of total lipids in the acetonitrile extract as profiled by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. The innovative introduction of a reversed-phase C18 sorbent into the extract significantly improved the analytes' recovery during SpeedVac drying. The final accuracy achieved 80-120% for most analytes. Overall, this newly developed and validated method could serve as a powerful tool for analyzing RK and related phenolic compounds in fatty tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Center for Agriculture Food Ecosystems, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Danyue Zhao
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Center for Agriculture Food Ecosystems, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Weiting Lyu
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Center for Agriculture Food Ecosystems, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Zhiya Yin
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Center for Agriculture Food Ecosystems, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Dushyant Kshatriya
- Department of Animal Sciences and Nutritional Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences,
Rutgers University, 84 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - James E Simon
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Center for Agriculture Food Ecosystems, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Nicholas T Bello
- Department of Animal Sciences and Nutritional Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences,
Rutgers University, 84 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Qingli Wu
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Center for Agriculture Food Ecosystems, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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15
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Muz M, Rojo-Nieto E, Jahnke A. Removing Disturbing Matrix Constituents from Biota Extracts from Total Extraction and Silicone-Based Passive Sampling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:2693-2704. [PMID: 34255885 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Contaminant analysis in biota extracts can be hampered by matrix interferences caused by, for example, co-extracted lipids that compromise the quality of the analytical data and require frequent maintenance of the analytical instruments. In the present study, using gas chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS), we aimed to develop and validate a straightforward, robust, and reproducible cleanup method with acceptable recoveries for diverse compound classes with a wide range of physicochemical properties representative of pollutant screening in biota extracts. We compared Oasis PRiME HLB cartridges, Agilent Captiva EMR-Lipid cartridges, and "Freeze-Out" with salmon lipids spiked with 113 target chemicals. The EMR-Lipid cartridges provided extracts with low matrix effects at reproducible recoveries of the multi-class target analytes (93 ± 9% and 95 ± 7% for low and high lipid amounts, respectively). The EMR-Lipid cartridges were further tested with spiked pork lipids submitted to total extraction or silicone-based passive sampling. Reproducible recoveries were achieved and matrix residuals were largely removed as demonstrated gravimetrically for both types of extracts. Ion suppression of halogenated compounds was not as efficiently removed by the cleanup of total and silicone-based extracts of pork lipids as for the salmon lipids. However, the samples with clean up provided better instrument robustness than those without cleanup. Hence, EMR-Lipid cartridges were shown to be efficient as a cleanup method in multi-class monitoring of biota samples and open up new possibilities as a suitable cleanup method for silicone extracts in biota passive sampling studies using GC-HRMS analysis. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2693-2704. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Muz
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisa Rojo-Nieto
- Department of Ecological Chemistry, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annika Jahnke
- Department of Ecological Chemistry, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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16
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Misra BB. Advances in high resolution GC-MS technology: a focus on the application of GC-Orbitrap-MS in metabolomics and exposomics for FAIR practices. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:2265-2282. [PMID: 33987631 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00173f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) provides a complementary analytical platform for capturing volatiles, non-polar and (derivatized) polar metabolites and exposures from a diverse array of matrixes. High resolution (HR) GC-MS as a data generation platform can capture data on analytes that are usually not detectable/quantifiable in liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry-based solutions. With the rise of high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM) GC-MS systems such as GC-Orbitrap-MS in the last decade after the time-of-flight (ToF) renaissance, numerous applications have been found in the fields of metabolomics and exposomics. In a short span of time, a multitude of studies have used GC-Orbitrap-MS to generate exciting new high throughput data spanning from diverse basic to applied research areas. The GC-Orbitrap-MS has found application in both targeted and untargeted efforts for capturing metabolomes and exposomes across diverse studies. In this review, I capture and summarize all the reported studies to date, and provide a snapshot of the milieu of commercial and open-source software solutions, spectral libraries, and informatics solutions available to a GC-Orbitrap-MS system instrument user or a data analyst dealing with these datasets. Lastly, but importantly, I provide an account on data sharing and meta-data capturing solutions that are available to make HRAM GC-MS based metabolomics and exposomics studies findable, accessible, interoperable, and reproducible (FAIR). These FAIR practices would allow data generators and users of GC-HRMS instruments to help the community of GC-MS researchers to collaborate and co-develop exciting tools and algorithms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswapriya B Misra
- Independent Researcher, Pine-211, Raintree Park Dwaraka Krishna, Namburu, AP-522508, India.
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17
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High-Throughput Screening and Quantification of Pesticides in Paprika by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Belarbi S, Vivier M, Zaghouani W, Sloovere AD, Agasse-Peulon V, Cardinael P. Comparison of new approach of GC-HRMS (Q-Orbitrap) to GC-MS/MS (triple-quadrupole) in analyzing the pesticide residues and contaminants in complex food matrices. Food Chem 2021; 359:129932. [PMID: 33945988 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Performances of multiresidue analysis of one hundred of pesticides and contaminants, using GC-Q-Orbitrap method in full scan mode were compared to those obtained with GC-triple-quadrupole method in multiple reaction monitoring mode. In terms of sensitivity, 86% of molecules exhibited lower limit of detection values using GC-Q-Orbitrap than using GC-triple-quadrupole. For the GC-Q-Orbitrap method, more than 85% of the pesticides and contaminants showed good recovery [70-120%] in wheat samples, with relative standard deviation values < 20%. GC-Q-Orbitrap method appeared the most sensitive for most pesticides studied in wheat with limit of quantification values ranged between 0.1 µg/kg and 4 µg/kg. Moreover, the matrix effect was acceptable in wheat extracts for 84 molecules but strong suppression of the chromatographic signal was observed for 16 molecules for the GC-Q-Orbitrap method. The injection of unpurified wheat extracts spiked at 10 µg/kg proved the potential of the GC-Q-Orbitrap method for use in performing high-throughput pesticide screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Belarbi
- Normandie Univ, Laboratoire SMS-EA3233, UNIROUEN, FR3038, Place Emile Blondel, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France; SGS France laboratoire de Rouen, Technopôle du Madrillet, 65 Avenue Ettore Bugatti, Saint Etienne du Rouvray F-76801 Cedex, France
| | - Martin Vivier
- SGS France laboratoire de Rouen, Technopôle du Madrillet, 65 Avenue Ettore Bugatti, Saint Etienne du Rouvray F-76801 Cedex, France
| | - Wafa Zaghouani
- SGS France laboratoire de Rouen, Technopôle du Madrillet, 65 Avenue Ettore Bugatti, Saint Etienne du Rouvray F-76801 Cedex, France
| | - Aude De Sloovere
- SGS France laboratoire de Rouen, Technopôle du Madrillet, 65 Avenue Ettore Bugatti, Saint Etienne du Rouvray F-76801 Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Agasse-Peulon
- Normandie Univ, Laboratoire SMS-EA3233, UNIROUEN, FR3038, Place Emile Blondel, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Pascal Cardinael
- Normandie Univ, Laboratoire SMS-EA3233, UNIROUEN, FR3038, Place Emile Blondel, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France.
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19
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Kandaswamy C, Anandaram S, Presley SID, Shabeer ATP. Comparative evaluation of multi-residue methods for analysis of pesticide residues in black pepper by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry: critical evaluation of matrix co-extractives and method validation. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2021; 58:911-920. [PMID: 33678874 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous determination of 133 pesticides in Black pepper (Piper nigrum). QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) sample preparation method is preferred over multistep methods. Extraction was done by using acetonitrile followed by clean up using graphitized carbon, primary secondary amine and octadecyl silica (C18). Even after the cleanup, non-volatile co-extractives stick to the liner and column which results in affecting the performance of the instrument and volatile co-extractives impact the analysis by enhancing the analyte concentration. So we evaluated a dilution procedure to overcome the drawbacks. The limit of quantification of 0.01 mg kg-1 was achieved for fifty times diluted sample extract with S/N ≥ 10. The recovery was between 70 and 120% for 0.01, 0.025 and 0.05 mg kg-1 for fortified samples and corresponding precision was between 3 and 16% RSD. The seven-level calibration curve shows a regression co-efficient of 0.99.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S I Davis Presley
- Department of Chemistry, SSN College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110 India
| | - Ahammed T P Shabeer
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, 412307 India
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20
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Watanabe S, Yamaki Y, Tomizawa S, Masubuchi T, Kamijo K, Nakajima T, Yoshikawa S, Yamamoto K, Takada T, Kokaji Y, Ohsawa Y, Otsuka K, Hashimoto T. [Validation of a Method for Determining Multiple Residual Pesticides in Dried Red Pepper Using LC-MS/MS]. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2021; 61:247-253. [PMID: 33390534 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.61.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method has been developed and validated for determining 107 pesticide residues in dried red pepper using LC-MS/MS. LC method, the clean-up and sample dilution processes were examined to determine their impact on reducing the matrix effects. Clean up was performed using an ENVI-CarbIITM/PSA (300/600 mg, 6 mL) SPE cartridge. In the sample dilution process, eight-fold dilution was used. In the validation of the developed method at two concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 μg/g) for 107 pesticides, 96 pesticides showed recovery rates in the range of 70.1 to 112.6%, RSDs of repeatability of ≤11.5 and 3.4%, and RSDs of within-laboratory reproducibility of ≤24.3 and 19.9%. These values fulfill the criteria of the validation guidelines for pesticide residues in Japan. It is concluded that matrix effects and low recovery rates in the process of extraction are the main factors for values that do not conform to the criteria.
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21
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Zhu Y, Dong F, Liu X, Wu X, Xu J, Zheng Y. Evaluation of clean-up procedures and sample dilution in multi-residue pesticide analysis of spices and herbs by UPLC-MS/MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 38:326-338. [PMID: 33301371 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1852319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The matrix effect in complex spices and herbs presents a great challenge to the simultaneous, rapid, quantitative analysis of multiple pesticides by mass spectrometry. The aim of this work was to develop and validate an effective UPLC-MS/MS multi-residue method for the analysis of pesticide residues to reduce matrix effects in four spices and one herb and infer which component caused the matrix effect in black pepper. In this paper, we highlight the importance of reducing matrix effects. SPE and dilution factors combined with d-SPE were two approaches to reduce matrix effects compared with d-SPE, and dilution (5-fold) combined with d-SPE was more effective than SPE in reducing matrix effects. With the validated d-SPE method combined with dilution (5-fold), 22 pesticides showed satisfactory recovery (77 to 114%) and RSDs (1.4%-19.1%) at three spiked concentrations in dried chilli pepper, star anise, mint, and cinnamon skin, but not in black pepper. Compared to the other three spices and one herb, black pepper appeared to have a stronger matrix effect. D-SPE method combined with dilution (5-fold) was not suitable for black pepper and required more efficient purification methods and higher dilution factors. With the validated SPE method combined with 10-fold dilution, 19 pesticides showed satisfactory recovery (71% to 113%) and RSDs (2.1%-18.2%) at three spiked concentrations in black pepper. We ascertained that piperine was the component contributing most to the matrix effect in black pepper. The method was used to monitor 15 market samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, P. R. China
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22
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Rivera-Pérez A, López-Ruiz R, Romero-González R, Garrido Frenich A. A new strategy based on gas chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (GC–HRMS-Q-Orbitrap) for the determination of alkenylbenzenes in pepper and its varieties. Food Chem 2020; 321:126727. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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23
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Development of an analytical method for determination of total ethofumesate residues in foods by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2020; 313:126132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Gómez-Ramos MDM, Nannou C, Martínez Bueno MJ, Goday A, Murcia-Morales M, Ferrer C, Fernández-Alba AR. Pesticide residues evaluation of organic crops. A critical appraisal. Food Chem X 2020; 5:100079. [PMID: 32083251 PMCID: PMC7019120 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2020.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the consumption trend of organic food has increased dramatically worldwide. Since only a few pesticides are authorized in organic crops, concentrations are expected to range at zero or ultra-trace levels. In this context, the aim of the present study was to investigate the need for an improvement in the residue controls at very low concentrations (<0.010 mg kg-1) and to assess the impact of the scope of the analytical methods for this type of crops. For that purpose, a monitoring study for fruit and vegetable samples covering a wide range of pesticides (3 2 8) at low LOQs (0.002-0.005 mg kg-1) was developed. The results showed that the impact of applying analytical methods with low LOQs was not very relevant in the majority of the cases. However, a wide scope presented a high influence on this evaluation, especially regarding the inclusion of very polar compounds and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Mar Gómez-Ramos
- Centro de Innovación y Tecnología COEXPHAL, La Venta del Viso, 04746 La Mojonera, Almería, Spain
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra Sacramento s/n La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Christina Nannou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - María Jesús Martínez Bueno
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra Sacramento s/n La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Ana Goday
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra Sacramento s/n La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - María Murcia-Morales
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra Sacramento s/n La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Carmen Ferrer
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra Sacramento s/n La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Amadeo R. Fernández-Alba
- University of Almería, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra Sacramento s/n La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
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25
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Analysis of PAHs in oily systems using modified QuEChERS with EMR-Lipid clean-up followed by GC-QqQ-MS. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Pico Y, Alfarhan AH, Barcelo D. How recent innovations in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry have improved pesticide residue determination: An alternative technique to be in your radar. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Pesticide residues in spices and herbs: Sample preparation methods and determination by chromatographic techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Perestrelo R, Silva P, Porto-Figueira P, Pereira JAM, Silva C, Medina S, Câmara JS. QuEChERS - Fundamentals, relevant improvements, applications and future trends. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1070:1-28. [PMID: 31103162 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method is a simple and straightforward extraction technique involving an initial partitioning followed by an extract clean-up using dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE). Originally, the QuEChERS approach was developed for recovering pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables, but rapidly gained popularity in the comprehensive isolation of analytes from different matrices. According to PubMed, since its development in 2003 up to November 2018, about 1360 papers have been published reporting QuEChERS as extraction method. Several papers have reported different improvements and modifications to the original QuEChERS protocol to ensure more efficient extractions of pH-dependent analytes and to minimize the degradation of labile analytes. This analytical approach shows several advantages over traditional extraction techniques, requiring low sample and solvent volumes, as well as less time for sample preparation. Furthermore, most of the published studies show that the QuEChERS protocol provides higher recovery rate and a better analytical performance than conventional extraction procedures. This review proposes an updated overview of the most recent developments and applications of QuEChERS beyond its original application to pesticides, mycotoxins, veterinary drugs and pharmaceuticals, forensic analysis, drugs of abuse and environmental contaminants. Their pros and cons will be discussed, considering the factors influencing the extraction efficiency. Whenever possible, the performance of the QuEChERS is compared to other extraction approaches. In addition to the evolution of this technique, changes and improvements to the original method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Silva
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Priscilla Porto-Figueira
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Jorge A M Pereira
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Catarina Silva
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Sonia Medina
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - José S Câmara
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal; Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
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29
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Mao X, Yan A, Wan Y, Luo D, Yang H. Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Using Microporous Sorbent UiO-66 Coupled to Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A QuEChERS-Type Method for the Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Edible Vegetable Oils without Matrix Interference. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1760-1770. [PMID: 30657679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A QuEChERS-type method without matrix interference was designed and developed to determine organophosphorus pesticide residues in edible vegetable oils, based on dispersive solid-phase extraction with cleanup using UiO-66 as sorbent. Microporous UiO-66 directly and selectively adsorbed organophosphorus pesticides and excluded interfering compounds. Clean analytes were obtained by elution and analyzed using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The dispersive solid-phase extraction conditions (amount of adsorbent, extraction time, desorption solvent volume, and elution time) were optimized. The limits of detection of the pesticides in vegetable oils were 0.16-1.56 ng/g. Under optimized conditions, the average pesticide recoveries were 81.1-113.5%. The intraday and interday relative standard deviations for analyte recovery were <8.2 and <13.9%, respectively. Thus, the method is reliable and could detect organophosphorus pesticide residues in edible vegetable oils. Furthermore, UiO-66 can be easily recycled and reused at least 10 times, reducing the cost of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dongmei Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chifeng University , Chifeng 024000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshun Yang
- Food Science and Technology Programme, c/o Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
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