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Fan S, Li Y, Wang Q, Jin M, Yu M, Zhao H, Zhou C, Xu J, Li B, Li X. The role of cis-zeatin in enhancing high-temperature resistance and fucoxanthin biosynthesis in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024:e0206823. [PMID: 38786362 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02068-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum a prominent source of industrial fucoxanthin production, faces challenges in its application due to its tolerance to high-temperature environments. This study investigates the physiological responses of P. tricornutum to high-temperature stress and its impact on fucoxanthin content, with a specific focus on the role of cis-zeatin. The results reveal that high-temperature stress inhibits P. tricornutum's growth and photosynthetic activity, leading to a decrease in fucoxanthin content. Transcriptome analysis shows that high temperature suppresses the expression of genes related to photosynthesis (e.g., psbO, psbQ, and OEC) and fucoxanthin biosynthesis (e.g., PYS, PDS1, and PSD2), underscoring the negative effects of high temperature on P. tricornutum. Interestingly, genes associated with cis-zeatin biosynthesis and cytokinesis signaling pathways exhibited increased expression under high-temperature conditions, indicating a potential role of cis-zeatin signaling in response to elevated temperatures. Content measurements confirm that high temperature enhances cis-zeatin content. Furthermore, the exogenous addition of cytokinesis mimetics or inhibitors significantly affected P. tricornutum's high-temperature resistance. Overexpression of the cis-zeatin biosynthetic enzyme gene tRNA DMATase enhanced P. tricornutum's resistance to high-temperature stress, while genetic knockout of tRNA DMATase reduced its resistance to high temperatures. Therefore, this research not only uncovers a novel mechanism for high-temperature resistance in P. tricornutum but also offers a possible alga species that can withstand high temperatures for the industrial production of fucoxanthin, offering valuable insights for practical utilization.IMPORTANCEThis study delves into Phaeodactylum tricornutum's response to high-temperature stress, specifically focusing on cis-zeatin. We uncover inhibited growth, reduced fucoxanthin, and significant cis-zeatin-related gene expression under high temperatures, highlighting potential signaling mechanisms. Crucially, genetic engineering and exogenous addition experiments confirm that the change in cis-zeatin levels could influence P. tricornutum's resistance to high-temperature stress. This breakthrough deepens our understanding of microalgae adaptation to high temperatures and offers an innovative angle for industrial fucoxanthin production. This research is a pivotal step toward developing heat-resistant microalgae for industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhe Fan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Mengjie Jin
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Mange Yu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hejing Zhao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jilin Xu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Xing J, Zhang J, Wang Y, Wei X, Yin Z, Zhang Y, Pu A, Dong Z, Long Y, Wan X. Mining genic resources regulating nitrogen-use efficiency based on integrative biological analyses and their breeding applications in maize and other crops. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1148-1164. [PMID: 37967146 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential factor for limiting crop yields, and cultivation of crops with low nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) exhibits increasing environmental and ecological risks. Hence, it is crucial to mine valuable NUE improvement genes, which is very important to develop and breed new crop varieties with high NUE in sustainable agriculture system. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis are the most common methods for dissecting genetic variations underlying complex traits. In addition, with the advancement of biotechnology, multi-omics technologies can be used to accelerate the process of exploring genetic variations. In this study, we integrate the substantial data of QTLs, quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) from GWAS, and multi-omics data including transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome and further analyze their interactions to predict some NUE-related candidate genes. We also provide the genic resources for NUE improvement among maize, rice, wheat, and sorghum by homologous alignment and collinearity analysis. Furthermore, we propose to utilize the knowledge gained from classical cases to provide the frameworks for improving NUE and breeding N-efficient varieties through integrated genomics, systems biology, and modern breeding technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Xing
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xun Wei
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Zechao Yin
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Aqing Pu
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhenying Dong
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan Long
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100192, China
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Ma Q, Sun Q, Zhang X, Li F, Ding Y, Tao R, Zhu M, Ding J, Li C, Guo W, Zhu X. Controlled‐release nitrogen fertilizer management influences grain yield in winter wheat by regulating flag leaf senescence post‐anthesis and grain filling. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Quan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Fujian Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Yonggang Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Rongrong Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Min Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Jinfeng Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Xinkai Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety the Ministry of Education of China Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
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Liang T, Duan B, Luo X, Ma Y, Yuan Z, Zhu R, Peng Y, Gong Y, Fang S, Wu X. Identification of High Nitrogen Use Efficiency Phenotype in Rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) Through Entire Growth Duration by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Multispectral Imagery. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:740414. [PMID: 34925396 PMCID: PMC8678090 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.740414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Identification of high Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) phenotypes has been a long-standing challenge in breeding rice and sustainable agriculture to reduce the costs of nitrogen (N) fertilizers. There are two main challenges: (1) high NUE genetic sources are biologically scarce and (2) on the technical side, few easy, non-destructive, and reliable methodologies are available to evaluate plant N variations through the entire growth duration (GD). To overcome the challenges, we captured a unique higher NUE phenotype in rice as a dynamic time-series N variation curve through the entire GD analysis by canopy reflectance data collected by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing Platform (UAV-RSP) for the first time. LY9348 was a high NUE rice variety with high Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency (NUpE) and high Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency (NUtE) shown in nitrogen dosage field analysis. Its canopy nitrogen content (CNC) was analyzed by the high-throughput UAV-RSP to screen two mixed categories (51 versus 42 varieties) selected from representative higher NUE indica rice collections. Five Vegetation Indices (VIs) were compared, and the Normalized Difference Red Edge Index (NDRE) showed the highest correlation with CNC (r = 0.80). Six key developmental stages of rice varieties were compared from transplantation to maturation, and the high NUE phenotype of LY9348 was shown as a dynamic N accumulation curve, where it was moderately high during the vegetative developmental stages but considerably higher in the reproductive developmental stages with a slower reduction rate. CNC curves of different rice varieties were analyzed to construct two non-linear regression models between N% or N% × leaf area index (LAI) with NDRE separately. Both models could determine the specific phenotype with the coefficient of determination (R 2) above 0.61 (Model I) and 0.86 (Model II). Parameters influencing the correlation accuracy between NDRE and N% were found to be better by removing the tillering stage data, separating the short and long GD varieties for the analysis and adding canopy structures, such as LAI, into consideration. The high NUE phenotype of LY9348 could be traced and reidentified across different years, locations, and genetic germplasm groups. Therefore, an effective and reliable high-throughput method was proposed for assisting the selection of the high NUE breeding phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Lab of Remote Sensing for Crop Phenomics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Duan
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Lab of Remote Sensing for Crop Phenomics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Lab of Remote Sensing for Crop Phenomics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengqing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Lab of Remote Sensing for Crop Phenomics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Renshan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Lab of Remote Sensing for Crop Phenomics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Lab of Remote Sensing for Crop Phenomics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Lab of Remote Sensing for Crop Phenomics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenghui Fang
- Lab of Remote Sensing for Crop Phenomics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Lab of Remote Sensing for Crop Phenomics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
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5
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TaCKX2.2 Genes Coordinate Expression of Other TaCKX Family Members, Regulate Phytohormone Content and Yield-Related Traits of Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084142. [PMID: 33923687 PMCID: PMC8073499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TaCKX gene family members (GFMs) play essential roles in the regulation of cytokinin during wheat development and significantly influence yield-related traits. However, detailed function of most of them is not known. To characterize the role of TaCKX2.2 genes we silenced all homoeologous copies of both TaCKX2.2.1 and TaCKX2.2.2 by RNAi technology and observed the effect of silencing in 7 DAP spikes of T1 and T2 generations. The levels of gene silencing of these developmentally regulated genes were different in both generations, which variously determined particular phenotypes. High silencing of TaCKX2.2.2 in T2 was accompanied by slight down-regulation of TaCKX2.2.1 and strong up-regulation of TaCKX5 and TaCKX11, and expression of TaCKX1, TaCKX2.1, and TaCKX9 was comparable to the non-silenced control. Co-ordinated expression of TaCKX2.2.2 with other TaCKX GFMs influenced phytohormonal homeostasis. Contents of isoprenoid, active cytokinins, their conjugates, and auxin in seven DAP spikes of silenced T2 plants increased from 1.27 to 2.51 times. However, benzyladenine (BA) and abscisic acid (ABA) contents were significantly reduced and GA3 was not detected. We documented a significant role of TaCKX2.2.2 in the regulation of thousand grain weight (TGW), grain number, and chlorophyll content, and demonstrated the formation of a homeostatic feedback loop between the transcription of tested genes and phytohormones. We also discuss the mechanism of regulation of yield-related traits.
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Yue K, Li L, Xie J, Liu Y, Xie J, Anwar S, Fudjoe SK. Nitrogen Supply Affects Yield and Grain Filling of Maize by Regulating Starch Metabolizing Enzyme Activities and Endogenous Hormone Contents. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:798119. [PMID: 35185953 PMCID: PMC8847167 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.798119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of nitrogen (N) application rate and time on yield, grain filling, starch metabolizing enzymes, and hormones of maize based on a long-term field experiment initiated in 2012. The total N fertilizer dose [(0 (N0), 100 (N1), 200 (N2), and 300 (N3) kg N ha-1] was split into two (T1, one-third at sowing and two-thirds at the six-leaf stage) or three (T2, one-third each at sowing, six-leaf, and eleven-leaf stage) times application. The results showed that the highest yield was obtained under N3T2, N2T1, and N3T2 in 2018, 2019, and 2020, which was 222.49, 185.31, and 194.00% than that of N0 in each year, respectively. N2 and N3 significantly increased the yield through enhancing ears ha-1, grains per plant, and 100-grain weight; however, N2 and N3 did not show a significant difference in yield and above-yield components. In addition, N application time did not significantly change yield under the same N rate. N0 limited the activities of starch metabolizing enzymes, resulting in insufficient accumulation of sucrose and starch. The contents of indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinin, abscisic acid, and gibberellin were decreased under N0 during grain filling. The average grain-filling rate and maximum grain-filling rate (G max) and grain weight increment achieving G max increased under N2 and N3, and the grain-filling parameters were positively correlated with 100-grain weight. In conclusion, 200 kg N ha-1 with one-third application at sowing and two-thirds application at the six-leaf stage is a suitable N supply way to improve starch metabolizing enzymes, regulate hormone content, and enhance grain-filling rates, and thus increasing the maize yield in the semiarid Loess Plateau of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lingling Li,
| | - Junhong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaoquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- Institute of Crop Science, Xinjiang Academy of Agri-Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Sumera Anwar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Setor Kwami Fudjoe
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Nguyen HN, Perry L, Kisiala A, Olechowski H, Emery RJN. Cytokinin activity during early kernel development corresponds positively with yield potential and later stage ABA accumulation in field-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANTA 2020; 252:76. [PMID: 33030628 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Early cytokinin activity and late abscisic acid dynamics during wheat kernel development correspond to cultivars with higher yield potential. Cytokinins represent prime targets for marker development for wheat breeding programs. Two major phytohormone groups, abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinins (CKs), are of crucial importance for seed development. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield is, to a high degree, determined during the milk and dough stages of kernel development. Therefore, understanding the hormonal regulation of these early growth stages is fundamental for crop-improvement programs of this important cereal. Here, we profiled ABA and 25 CK metabolites (including active forms, precursors and inactive conjugates) during kernel development in five field-grown wheat cultivars. The levels of ABA and profiles of CK forms varied greatly among the tested cultivars and kernel stages suggesting that several types of CK metabolites are involved in spatiotemporal regulation of kernel development. The seed yield potential was associated with the elevated levels of active CK levels (tZ, cZ). Interestingly, the increased kernel cZ levels were followed by higher ABA production, suggesting there is an interaction between these two phytohormones. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression patterns of representatives of the four main CK metabolic gene families. The unique transcriptional patterns of the IPT (biosynthesis) and ZOG (reversible inactivation) gene family members (GFMs) in the high and low yield cultivars additionally indicate that there is a significant association between CK metabolism and yield potential in wheat. Based on these results, we suggest that both CK metabolites and their associated genes, can serve as important, early markers of yield performance in modern wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Ngoc Nguyen
- Biology Department, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada.
| | - Laura Perry
- Biology Department, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Anna Kisiala
- Biology Department, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Henry Olechowski
- Dow Chemical Canada ULC, Suite 2400-215 2nd Street S.W., Calgary, AB, T2P 1M4, Canada
| | - R J Neil Emery
- Biology Department, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
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Hou W, Tränkner M, Lu J, Yan J, Huang S, Ren T, Cong R, Li X. Diagnosis of Nitrogen Nutrition in Rice Leaves Influenced by Potassium Levels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:165. [PMID: 32174942 PMCID: PMC7056715 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of nitrogen (N) status by leaf color is a kind of classic nutritional diagnostic method. However, the color of leaves is influenced not only by N, but also by other nutrients such as potassium (K). Two-year field trials with a factorial combination of N and K were conducted to investigate the effects of different N and K rates on soil plant analysis development (SPAD) readings and leaf N, K, magnesium (Mg), and chlorophyll concentrations. Visual inspections in leaf greenness revealed darker green leaves with increasing N rates, while paler green leaves with increasing K rates. Data showed that SPAD readings, chlorophyll, N and Mg concentrations, and the chloroplast area increased significantly with raising N rates, while declined sharply with the increase in K rates due to the antagonistic relationships between K+ and NH4 + as well as Mg2+. It was also probable that the increase in K promoted the growth of leaves and diluted their N and Mg concentrations. The paler leaf appearance resulting from the application of K may overestimate the actual demand for N in the diagnosis of rice N status. The strong antagonistic relationships between K+, NH4 +, and Mg2+ should be considered in rice production and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Merle Tränkner
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Applied Plant Nutrition (IAPN), Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinyao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Rose T, Kage H. The Contribution of Functional Traits to the Breeding Progress of Central-European Winter Wheat Under Differing Crop Management Intensities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1521. [PMID: 31867026 PMCID: PMC6908521 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Wheat yields in many of the main producing European countries stagnate since about 20 years. Hence, it is of high interest, to analyze breeding progress in terms of yield and how associated traits changed. Therefore, a set of 42 cultivars (released between 1966 and 2012) was selected and yield as well as functional traits defined by the Monteith and Moss equation were evaluated under three levels of management intensity. The Monteith Moss equation thereby calculates grain yield as the product of incident photosynthetically active radiation, fraction of intercepted radiation, radiation use efficiency, and harvest index. The field trial was performed in a high yielding environment in Northern Germany in two seasons (2016-2017 and 2017-2018) with very contrasting rainfall rates. The three differing managements were: intensive (high N + pesticides), semi-intensive (high N - pesticides), and extensive (low N - pesticides). The results indicate that the stagnation of wheat yields in Central-Europe is not caused by a diminishing effect of breeding on yield potential. This equally applies to suboptimal growing conditions like extensified crop management and restricted water supply. Nearly all functional sub-traits showed a parallel progress but coefficients of determination of relationships between traits and year of variety release are decreasing along the hierarchy of yield formation. One exception is radiation interception which did not show a stable linear increase during breeding history. In recent years, biomass is getting more important in comparison to harvest index. Values of harvest index are slowly approaching theoretical maxima and correlations with grain yield are decreasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Rose
- Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Agronomy and Crop Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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Mathew I, Shimelis H, Shayanowako AIT, Laing M, Chaplot V. Genome-wide association study of drought tolerance and biomass allocation in wheat. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225383. [PMID: 31800595 PMCID: PMC6892492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) are important in discerning the genetic architecture of complex traits such as biomass allocation for improving drought tolerance and carbon sequestration potential of wheat. The objectives of this study were to deduce the population structure and marker-trait association for biomass traits in wheat under drought-stressed and non-stressed conditions. A 100-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotype panel was phenotyped for days to heading (DTH), days to maturity (DTM), shoot biomass (SB), root biomass (RB), root to shoot ratio (RS) and grain yield (GY). The panel was sequenced using 15,600 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) markers and subjected to genetic analysis using the compressed mixed linear model (CMLM) at false discovery rate (FDR < 0.05). Population structure analysis revealed six sub-clusters with high membership ancestry coefficient of ≤0.65 to their assigned sub-clusters. A total of 75 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified with a linkage disequilibrium threshold of 0.38 at 5cM. Thirty-seven of the MTAs were detected under drought-stressed condition and 48% were on the B genome, where most quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for RB, SB and GY were previously identified. There were seven pleiotropic markers for RB and SB that may facilitate simultaneous selection. Thirty-seven putative candidate genes were mined by gene annotation on the IWGSC RefSeq 1.1. The significant MTAs observed in this study will be useful in devising strategies for marker-assisted breeding for simultaneous improvement of drought tolerance and to enhance C sequestration capacity of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isack Mathew
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Hussein Shimelis
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Admire Isaac Tichafa Shayanowako
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Mark Laing
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Vincent Chaplot
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Sorbonne Universities, UPMC, IRD, CNRS, MNHN, Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentations et approches numériques (LOCEAN), IPSL, Paris, France
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Luo Y, Pang D, Jin M, Chen J, Kong X, Li W, Chang Y, Li Y, Wang Z. Identification of plant hormones and candidate hub genes regulating flag leaf senescence in wheat response to water deficit stress at the grain-filling stage. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00152. [PMID: 31709381 PMCID: PMC6834085 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In order to clarify the transcriptional regulatory network and physiological mechanisms governing leaf senescence response to drought stress in wheat, experiments were performed using two wheat varieties with contrasting drought tolerance: Fu287 (F287, a drought-sensitive genotype) and Shannong20 (SN20, a drought-resistant genotype). The latter has higher SPAD values, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), zeatin (Z), zeatin riboside (ZR), and gibberellin (GA 3) content as well as higher expression levels of Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, Fe-SOD,POD,CAT, and APX under various water deficit conditions. Conjoint analysis of physiological and biochemical indicators and transcriptome data by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) in the present study provides a useful genomic and molecular resource for studying drought adaptation in wheat. The flag leaf senescence process was changed by altering the concentration of phytohormones. SA, JA, abscisic acid (ABA), Z, ZR, and GA 3 coordinate with each other to control leaf senescence and plant adaptation under drought stress. Further, the leaf senescence process was divided into two phases: the persistence phase and the rapid loss phase. Shorter Chltotal (duration of the flag leaf being photosynthetically active), shorter Chlper (persistence phase), reduced M (inflection point cumulative temperature when senescence rate is the maximum), decreased r max (the maximum senescence rate), larger r 0 (the initial senescence rate), and increased r aver (the average senescence rate) were slightly associated with low grain mass. We speculated that extending the period of the persistence phase by cultivation or chemical control measures could further increase the drought survivability and productivity of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Dangwei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Min Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Xiang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Wenqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Yonglan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
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Identification of Genes Involved in Low Temperature-Induced Senescence of Panicle Leaf in Litchi chinensis. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020111. [PMID: 30717231 PMCID: PMC6409916 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Warm winters and hot springs may promote panicle leaf growing and repress floral development. To identify genes potentially involved in litchi panicle leaf senescence, eight RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) libraries of the senescing panicle leaves under low temperature (LT) conditions and the developing panicle leaves under high temperature (HT) conditions were constructed. For each library, 4.78–8.99 × 106 clean reads were generated. Digital expression of the genes was compared between the senescing and developing panicle leaves. A total of 6477 upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (from developing leaves to senescing leaves), and 6318 downregulated DEGs were identified, 158 abscisic acid (ABA)-, 68 ethylene-, 107 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-, 27 gibberellic acid (GA)-, 68 cytokinin (CTK)-, 37 salicylic acid (SA)-, and 23 brassinolide (BR)-related DEGs. Confirmation of the RNA-Seq data by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis suggested that expression trends of the 10 candidate genes using qRT-PCR were similar to those revealed by RNA-Seq, and a significantly positive correlation between the obtained data from qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq were found, indicating the reliability of our RNA-Seq data. The present studies provided potential genes for the future molecular breeding of new cultivars that can induce panicle leaf senescence and reduce floral abortion under warm climates.
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